When there is actually a spurious or non-existent relationship between two X and Y variables (and some other variable is responsible for their significant correlation), we say that there is a third variable problem.
The third variable problem refers to a situation where the observed correlation between two variables, X and Y, is not a direct causal relationship but is instead influenced by a third variable.
This means that the relationship between X and Y is not meaningful or significant once the influence of the third variable is taken into account.
For example, let's consider two variables: ice cream sales (X) and swimming pool accidents (Y). If we observe a strong positive correlation between these variables, it might be tempting to conclude that ice cream sales are causing an increase in swimming pool accidents.
However, the third variable problem suggests that the relationship is spurious. The third variable, such as temperature, could be responsible for both increased ice cream sales and swimming pool accidents, as hot weather can lead to more people eating ice cream and swimming in pools.
In such cases, it is important to identify and consider the influence of the third variable to accurately understand the relationship between X and Y. Failing to do so can lead to false conclusions or inaccurate interpretations of the data.
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True or False
QUESTION 14 The overall effect of extinction is a decrease in the frequency of reinforcement. True False QUESTION 15 Task analysis is the first step in engaging in chaining. True False
14. The given statement, "The overall effect of extinction is a decrease in the frequency of reinforcement" is true because extinction involves withholding reinforcement, which reduces the occurrence of the behavior being extinguished.
15. The given statement, "Task analysis is the first step in engaging in chaining" is true because task analysis breaks down complex skills into smaller steps, providing a clear sequence for implementing chaining procedures.
QUESTION 14: The overall effect of extinction is indeed a decrease in the frequency of reinforcement. Extinction involves the removal or withholding of reinforcement following a behavior, which leads to a decrease in the likelihood of that behavior occurring in the future. When a behavior is no longer reinforced, it becomes less frequent over time as the association between the behavior and the reinforcing consequence weakens. Extinction is a fundamental concept in behavioral psychology and is used to reduce unwanted behaviors and encourage behavior change.
QUESTION 15: Task analysis is indeed the first step in engaging in chaining. Chaining is a behavioral technique used to teach complex skills by breaking them down into smaller, more manageable steps or components. Task analysis involves analyzing the target skill or behavior and identifying its individual steps or components. By breaking down the skill into smaller parts, it becomes easier to teach and reinforce each step sequentially, leading to the successful acquisition of the complete skill through chaining. Task analysis allows for a systematic approach to teaching complex behaviors and facilitates the development of appropriate instructional strategies and supports.
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Why can’t a woman run a country!? We run households; we are raising a large percentage of the country as single mothers; we have to budget money we don’t have; we raise people who go and get post-secondary education. How is it we can’t run a country!?
Looking at the quote above, do you agree or disagree with Ms. Rodriguez's reasoning by analogy? Explain your answer. Looking at the quote above, do you agree or disagree with Ms. Rodriguez's reasoning by analogy? Explain your answer.
Ms. Rodriguez's reasoning by analogy is agreeable as it acknowledges the capabilities of women in running households and raising children, suggesting their potential to effectively govern a country.
Analogical reasoning is a logical method of thinking that applies existing information to draw conclusions about new situations or information.
An analogy takes two things that are similar and compares them to one another, highlighting some aspects while omitting others. The fact that women run households, raise a significant percentage of the country as single mothers, have to budget money they don't have, and raise people who get post-secondary education, all suggest that they can run the country.
These are some of the main reasons women can run a country, according to the quote. Therefore, Ms. Rodriguez's reasoning by analogy is agreeable.
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A(n) sample is one in which every person in the population being studied is assured an equal chance of being included. a. random b. snowball c. consistent d. all of the above 21. Fred has been hired to conduct consumer research for the Chrysler Corporation. They are interested in finding if the population in Detroit prefers Chryslers or Toyotas. Fred has drawn his sample from the union membership lists of the Chrysler Corporation and has concluded that people in Detroit overwhelmingly prefer Chryslers to Toyotas. His research is an example of misrepresentation because Fred a. asked biased questions b. chose a biased sample c. listed biased choices d. discarded undesirable results 22. Mattie has volunteered at the local crisis center. While she is participating as a volunteer, she is given permission to gather data on the number of women who report being abused, and the number of women who later participated in counseling. Mattie is using as a method of gathering data. a. structure interviews b. secondary analysis c. content analysis d. participant observation 23. Higher education leads to greater earnings over a lifetime. In this example "higher education" is a. an independent variable b. a dependent variable c. a random sample d. spurious variable 20.
1. A random sample is one in which every person in the population being studied is assured an equal chance of being included. Therefore, the correct option is a. random.
2. Mattie is using participant observation as a method of gathering data. Therefore, the correct option is d. participant observation.
3. An independent variable is a variable whose variation does not depend on any other variable. Therefore, the correct option is a. an independent variable.
Random sampling used in research to select participants or data points from a larger population in a way that each member has an equal chance of being included. It helps to ensure representativeness and minimize bias, allowing for generalizations to be made about the population based on the sample.
Participant observation is a research method where the researcher immerses themselves in the social setting being studied, actively participating in the activities and interactions while also observing and documenting their observations. It provides an in-depth understanding of the social context and allows for the collection of rich qualitative data.
An independent variable is a variable manipulated or controlled by the researcher in an experiment to determine its effect on the dependent variable. It is the variable that is hypothesized to cause changes in the dependent variable. By controlling and varying the independent variable, researchers can investigate causal relationships and make inferences about cause and effect.
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Freud's theories on personality and human development are quite controversial because of their heavy focus on sex and they contain gender biases. However, discuss what aspects of Freud's theories do you think make sense? What aspects do you disagree with? Please explain your reasons for your opinion. Please identify at least two examples to support your explanations.
Why is it that thoughts, feelings and behaviors that are simply atypical or unusual would not necessarily signify the presence of a psychological disorder? Explain what this means? Explain what would make something a psychological disorder. Provide an example of a behavior that is atypical but not necessarily disordered.
Freud's theories on personality and human development are controversial due to their heavy emphasis on gender bias and sex. However, a few aspects of Freud's theories are worth noting and comprehending, despite their limitations.
Freud's concept of the unconscious mind is one of his most significant contributions. According to Freud, our unconscious mind is filled with feelings, thoughts, and desires that we are unaware of, yet it has a powerful influence on our behavior.
Freud's theory of psychosexual development focuses heavily on sex and gender bias. He believed that childhood encounters and events in one's life determined a person's personality and preferences in life. Also, Freud's Oedipus Complex and Electra Complex are questioned as they are primarily dependent on male and female models of personality development.
These are problematic aspects of Freud's theories as they are gendered and difficult to generalize to the entire population. Psychological disorders refer to a group of mental health conditions that affect an individual's thoughts, emotions, and behaviors in a way that impairs their ability to function effectively in their everyday life.
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Which of the following is NOT a suggestion for dealing with increasing linguistic diversity?
Don't worry about learning another language because most people in the business world will know some English.
Don't assume that someone speaking a language other than English is talking about you.
Use a simple but not simple-minded vocabulary.
Avoid using jargon when speaking to speakers of English as a second language.
It is suggested that the use of jargon be avoided.
The option that is NOT a suggestion for dealing with increasing linguistic diversity is "Don't worry about learning another language because most people in the business world will know some English.
Linguistic diversity refers to the fact that there are many languages spoken by various individuals or groups in a particular region or country. This is common in most regions or countries throughout the world, which adds to the cultural diversity that many regions have. Increasing linguistic diversity can have both advantages and disadvantages.
While some of the benefits include cultural exchange, new language learning opportunities, and diverse perspectives, the drawbacks may include communication challenges and a lack of cohesion.
Here are the other options and their explanations:
Option A: Don't assume that someone speaking a language other than English is talking about you. This is one of the suggestions for dealing with increasing linguistic diversity.
This implies that individuals must avoid making assumptions about a person's motives or behaviors based solely on their language. The use of English as a primary language in business has become commonplace and, as a result, this assumption should be avoided.
Option B: Use a simple but not simple-minded vocabulary. It is a suggestion for dealing with increasing linguistic diversity. People who speak English as a second language may have difficulty understanding the language's complexity.
This is why it is suggested that the vocabulary be kept simple but not simple-minded. Simplicity in this context means using simple language and avoiding complex idioms and phrases.
Option D: Avoid using jargon when speaking to speakers of English as a second language. It is also a suggestion for dealing with increasing linguistic diversity. Individuals who use jargon in their everyday work or conversation may find it difficult to interact with people who do not know the jargon.
People who speak English as a second language may have difficulty understanding the jargon's meaning.
As a result, it is suggested that the use of jargon be avoided.
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Define Religion social institution comprehensively and describe several statuses, roles, and groups that make up the social institution. Use concepts such as minority and majority groups, SES, age, gender, etc.
Religion, as a social institution, encompasses a complex system of beliefs, rituals, values, and practices shared by a group of people. It provides individuals with a framework for understanding the world, moral guidance, and a sense of belonging.
Within this social institution, various statuses, roles, and groups can be identified:
Religious leaders: They hold high-status positions within religious organizations and are responsible for guiding and leading religious practices and teachings.Followers: These individuals make up the majority group within a religious institution. They participate in religious rituals, adhere to the beliefs and values of their faith, and may hold different roles based on their level of involvement or commitment.Minority groups: Within a religious institution, there may be minority groups based on factors such as ethnicity, race, socioeconomic status (SES), age, or gender. These groups may experience unique challenges or face discrimination within the larger religious community.Gender roles: Religions often assign specific gender roles and expectations. For example, some religious traditions may assign leadership roles primarily to men, while women may have roles focused on caregiving or supporting roles within the religious community.Age-related roles: Within religious institutions, there may be specific roles and responsibilities assigned to different age groups. For instance, young people may engage in youth groups or activities, while older adults may hold positions of wisdom or mentorship.Socioeconomic status: The socioeconomic status of individuals within a religious institution can influence their level of involvement, access to resources, and opportunities for leadership roles. Higher SES individuals may have greater influence and decision-making power within the religious community.Learn more about Religion and social institutions here:
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The social institution of religion is an established system of religious beliefs and practices. It comprises various statuses, roles, and groups, such as clergy and congregants, and distinguishes between minority and majority religious groups. Factors like SES, age, and gender also influence roles and participation within this institution.
Explanation:The social institution of religion is defined as an organized system of beliefs, practices, rituals, and symbols that serve to facilitate closeness to the sacred or supernatural. It serves as a primary source of meaning, coherence, and ultimate concern in the society, providing the social structures through which human behaviors are influenced.
Within this institution, there are various statuses, roles, and groups. For instance, the clergy (priests, rabbis, imams, etc.) represent a status and hold a certain role by conducting religious services and providing spiritual guidance. Parishioners or congregants are also another status group who follow the leadership and guidance of the clergy.
Minority and majority groups may be seen within religion, based on the number of followers a particular faith might have in a given society. For example, in a predominantly Christian society, Christians make up the majority group, while Buddhists may be a minority.
The influence of factors such as SES (Socioeconomic Status), age, and gender can also be seen within the religious institution. For example, older individuals might have higher religious attendance, and women are often found to be more religious than men. SES may impact the denomination or sect one belongs to within a religion.
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FILL THE BLANK.
If among my premises the content of my conclusion appears restated in disguised form, then my argument is ___________.very short answer)
If among your premises the content of your conclusion appears restated in disguised form, then your argument is a "tautology." A tautology in an argument refers to a statement or reasoning that is true by definition or a logical consequence of it.
It is an error in logical reasoning where the conclusion is essentially restated or implied in the premises, making it impossible to logically refute the argument.
The conclusion is already contained within the premises, rendering the argument circular and devoid of substantive reasoning. This flaw arises when the argument's structure or wording is such that the conclusion is guaranteed to be true regardless of the actual evidence or logical reasoning presented.
It can be misleading because they create an illusion of providing valid support for the conclusion when, in reality, no new information or evidence is being presented. It is a form of logical redundancy that fails to offer any meaningful insights or contribute to a deeper understanding of the subject matter.
Recognizing arguments is important in critical thinking and logical analysis. By identifying and avoiding tautological reasoning, one can strive for more robust and valid arguments that genuinely support their conclusions based on evidence, sound reasoning, and logical inference.
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dis w/14
1. Consider how an activity schedule could be used to positively
influence a client’s behavior.
An activity schedule could be used to positively influence a client’s behavior by providing structure and consistency to their daily routine.
By breaking down their day into manageable tasks and activities, a client may be more likely to stick to their routine and feel a sense of accomplishment. This can help build self-esteem and increase motivation, which can have a positive impact on their behavior.
Additionally, including activities that the client enjoys or finds rewarding can help reinforce positive behaviors and provide a sense of pleasure and satisfaction. Overall, an activity schedule can be a helpful tool in promoting positive behavior change by providing structure, consistency, and reinforcement for desired behaviors.
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What is Environmental Impact Assessment? (non plagiarized answer
please ) (paragraph long PLEASE) thank you in advance !
Before a decision is made to proceed with the suggested action, environmental impact assessment (EIA) evaluates the environmental effects of a plan, policy, program, or real projects.
It is a tool for environmental management that is used in the approval and decision-making processes for projects. Environmental evaluations could be controlled by administrative procedural laws that cover public involvement, decision-making documentation, and judicial review.
Screening, alternatives, preliminary assessment, scoping, mitigation, primary EIA study and environmental impact statement, review, and monitoring are important stages in the environmental assessment process.
Water environment, biological environment, land environment, air environment, noise environment, socioeconomic and health environment, EIA risk assessment, and environment management plan are the components of environmental impact assessment.
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Aggression can be seen as:
An unusual aspect of human behavior - a pathology
An evolved psychological mechanism that provided adaptational benefits to our ancestors - a human universal
A behavior exhibited only when necessary in cases of self-protection
A trait that occurs in humans in industrialized countries but not those living in a more natural state
The answer is (c) Aggression can be seen as behavior exhibited only when necessary in cases of self-protection.
The statement describes a specific type of behavior that is displayed by individuals when they perceive a threat or danger to their well-being. This behavior is not a regular or constant occurrence but emerges in response to specific circumstances that require self-protection.
In such situations, humans have evolved psychological mechanisms that allow them to respond appropriately and effectively to the threat. This behavior can manifest as heightened vigilance, increased adrenaline response, or the activation of fight-or-flight responses.
This adaptive behavior can be seen across cultures and is considered a human universal. It is an evolved trait that has provided survival and adaptational benefits to our ancestors, allowing them to navigate and respond to dangerous situations.
While this behavior may be more prevalent or apparent in certain contexts, such as in industrialized countries where individuals face different types of threats, it can still be observed in humans living in natural or less industrialized settings when faced with necessary self-protection.
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Explain why Kleinman posited that Science is social and
Technology is political. Give concrete examples/scenarios.
Kleinman posited that Science is social and Technology is political because they both interact with people's daily lives, including the distribution of power and resources.
Arthur Kleinman, a prominent medical anthropologist, has long asserted that science is a socially constructed endeavor and that the scientific enterprise, which includes technology, is inextricably linked to political contexts and power structures. Science is social since it is influenced by society. When conducting research, scientists are affected by their surroundings, social and economic conditions, and cultural beliefs. Science, like everything else, has political consequences since the distribution of resources is dependent on political structures, and scientific discoveries and their practical applications have the potential to affect societies in a number of ways.
Technology is political since its implementation and use are governed by political norms and laws. The government is in charge of deciding which technologies will be used, who will have access to them, and how they will be used. As a result, the distribution of power and resources is often determined by technology. As a result, the development and dissemination of technology has a significant impact on the distribution of power and resources in society. Examples include:
Biomedical technologies: The implementation of new biomedical technologies, such as gene therapy, has the potential to influence the distribution of power and resources. For example, these technologies may be only available to those who can afford them, resulting in disparities between the wealthy and the poor in society.
Digital technologies: Digital technologies like the internet and social media have completely altered how people interact with one another. These new technologies have the potential to influence how people communicate, work, and learn. As a result, they have the potential to affect the distribution of power and resources, particularly in education and employment.
Transportation technologies: Transportation technologies, like automobiles and trains, have altered how people travel and where they live. Because people may now live farther away from their workplace, transportation technologies have the potential to alter the distribution of resources and power in society.
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1 explaining these:
a) The target population
b). The accessible population
c). The population parameters
d). The unit of analysis
The different terms are used in the process of research to define the scope of the study, identify the type of data to be collected, and establish the research questions. The different terms used in research include the target population, the accessible population, population parameters, and unit of analysis.
Each term has a unique meaning and is essential in conducting a research study. Here is an explanation of each term:The target populationThe target population is the group that the researcher intends to study. It is the group that the study aims to generalize its results to. The target population is the main focus of the study and includes individuals who share a common characteristic. For instance, if a study aims to examine the impact of alcohol use on students' academic performance, then the target population will be all students in a specific institution or region. The accessible population is the group that is available to the researcher for the study. It is a subset of the target population that the researcher can access. This means that it is the group that the researcher can obtain data from. The accessible population can be a challenge to identify, especially when the target population is large. For instance, if the study aims to examine the impact of alcohol use on students' academic performance, then the accessible population will be students who attend a particular institution.Population parameters refer to the characteristics of the population parameters. These are the measurable attributes of the target population, and they help the researcher understand the group that the study aims to generalize the results to. Population parameters include the mean, standard deviation, variance, and correlation. Population parameters are estimated using statistical methods that help the researcher draw conclusions about the target population.Unit of analysisThe unit of analysis is the entity or phenomenon that the study focuses on. It is the primary element of the research design, and it can be an individual, group, organization, or event. The unit of analysis helps the researcher to define the variables of the study, collect data, and analyze the results. For instance, if a study aims to examine the impact of a drug on a specific disease, then the unit of analysis will be the individual who is affected by the disease.
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What challenges exist for preprimary teachers when providing 'choices' to children in the project approach? What will be your biggest challenge?
How does Vygotsky's zone of proximal development relate to the idea of choices in the project approach?
How can the project approach provide an opportunity for children to gain in all of Piaget's three areas of knowledge
How does the learning cycle relate to the project approach?
Answer 1. The challenges that exist for preprimary teachers when providing 'choices' to children in the project approach include creating and offering choices that are developmentally appropriate and interesting to the children, managing the classroom environment when children are engaged in various activities, and ensuring that the project approach does not interfere with the children's learning of essential pre-academic skills.
The biggest challenge that may be faced by the preprimary teachers is in creating choices that are developmentally appropriate and appealing to all the children in the class.
Answer 2. Vygotsky's zone of proximal development relates to the idea of choices in the project approach in that the project approach allows for children to work in groups and engage in social interactions. This is important as children learn best through social interactions with their peers, and the zone of proximal development refers to the space between what children can do on their own and what they can do with assistance. When given choices, children can work together to support one another and encourage learning.
Answer 3. The project approach provides an opportunity for children to gain in all of Piaget's three areas of knowledge. These three areas include cognitive, social, and emotional knowledge. Children are provided with opportunities to develop their cognitive knowledge by exploring new concepts and ideas, social knowledge by working with others, and emotional knowledge by learning to express themselves and regulate their emotions.
Answer 4. The learning cycle relates to the project approach as it provides a framework for learning that includes exploration, investigation, and reflection. In the project approach, children are encouraged to explore and investigate a topic of interest and then reflect on what they have learned. This cycle helps to reinforce learning and allows children to build on their prior knowledge.
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Alzheimer's disease begins with and progresses to Select one : a. damaged memory centers in the brain ; speech deficits O b . speech deficits ; damaged memory centers in the brain c . an inability to complete daily tasks ; difficulty remembering new information d. difficulty remembering new information ; an inability to do everyday tasks
The correct answer for the above question is: (a). damaged memory centers in the brain; speech deficits.
Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurological disorder that primarily affects memory and cognitive function. It typically begins with the damage and degeneration of memory centers in the brain, such as the hippocampus, which plays a crucial role in forming new memories. As the disease progresses, individuals may also experience speech deficits, including difficulties with language, communication, and finding the right words.
It's important to note that Alzheimer's disease is a complex condition, and its symptoms can vary among individuals. However, the hallmark characteristic is the deterioration of memory and cognitive abilities, followed by the emergence of other cognitive and functional impairments over time.
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Which of the following organizations was compatiable with the thinking of DuBois and not Washington?
From the Schor reading, American children are estimated to
spend
Over five hours per day with media
Over eight hours per day with media
Over 2 hours per day with media
Over 4 hours per day with media
American children are estimated to spend over eight hours per day with media, according to the Schor reading.
From the Schor reading, American children are estimated to spend over eight hours per day with media. This includes various forms of media consumption such as television, movies, video games, and internet use. The extensive amount of time children spend with media is a growing concern as it impacts their physical, cognitive, and social development. Excessive media exposure has been associated with sedentary behavior, decreased physical activity, obesity, decreased academic performance, and social isolation.
The significant amount of time spent with media can have both positive and negative effects. On one hand, media can provide educational content, promote creativity, and facilitate social connections. On the other hand, excessive media use can lead to negative outcomes, such as decreased face-to-face interactions, exposure to violent or inappropriate content, and a sedentary lifestyle.
To address this issue, it is important for parents, educators, and policymakers to promote healthy media habits and encourage a balanced approach to media consumption. This includes setting limits on screen time, monitoring the content children engage with, and providing alternative activities such as outdoor play, reading, and social interactions. Additionally, promoting media literacy skills and critical thinking can help children navigate and make informed choices about the media they consume.
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Identify a myth about sexuality or sexual behavior that you used to believe. (If you never believed in one, identify one that you heard someone repeat.) How do you think this belief came about? What do you think can be done to counter beliefs such as these?
One myth about sexuality that I used to believe was that having sex with someone who has HIV would inevitably lead to getting infected with HIV. However, this belief is not always the case.
Although having sexual contact with someone who has HIV raises the risk of becoming infected, there are many factors involved in transmission, and with proper precautions, transmission can be avoided. The belief came about due to a lack of accurate information and education about HIV and how it is transmitted. Many people were frightened and concerned by the rise of the disease in the 1980s and 1990s and often relied on anecdotal evidence and rumors to inform their understanding. This was further exacerbated by a general lack of sexual education in schools and communities, which meant that individuals did not have the correct information to protect themselves and their partners.
To counter such beliefs, education, and awareness are essential. Programs should be created to raise awareness of the risks and modes of transmission of HIV and to provide accurate information on how to prevent the spread of HIV. HIV-positive individuals should be empowered and given a platform to speak on their experiences and the ways they have learned to protect themselves and their partners. This will help reduce the stigma and discrimination faced by those living with HIV and raise awareness of the disease. Ultimately, debunking myths about HIV and increasing education and awareness is the best way to counter beliefs that lead to negative health outcomes.
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There are three parts to the Power Point Project; the outline, the annotated bibliography and the power point final submission. Each component has a corresponding assignment which is located both in the Assignments and Assessments section in the Modules for the weeks that the three components are due; Modules 2, 5 and 7. The instructor will provide feedback and guidance after each of the first two submissions. All three components must be submitted in a timely fashion to receive a grade for the various power point project assignments.
Power Point Final Submission:
The final part of the power point project is the actual power point presentation.
You should create at least 30 slides for the final power point.
In the power point, you will want to make sure you include the theoretical perspectives, and both the classic and contemporary sociological theorists.
You should include research methods in your presentation as well.
You will want to trace the early history of sociology up to at least the latter half of the twentieth century, although you can go all the way up to current sociology in the early twenty-first century.
All sources should be listed on the final slide(s) in the power point, formatted for a bibliography.
The final power point will be submitted through the Power Point Project Final Submission Assignment in Module 7.
The final part of the power point project is the actual power point presentation. In the power point, you should create at least 30 slides for the final power point.
To make your power point more informative and professional, you will want to make sure you include the theoretical perspectives and both the classic and contemporary sociological theorists. You should include research methods in your presentation as well. Also, you will want to trace the early history of sociology up to at least the latter half of the twentieth century, although you can go all the way up to current sociology in the early twenty-first century.
All sources should be listed on the final slide(s) in the power point, formatted for a bibliography. The final power point will be submitted through the Power Point Project Final Submission Assignment in Module 7. In the power point presentation, you need to include 30 slides and should also make sure that you have included both the classic and contemporary sociological theorists and theoretical perspectives.
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) What, for you, were the most essential contradictions of
Jackson’s populist politics— and why? (If you do not find his ideas
and policies contradictory, please explain.)
Jackson's populist politics was contradicted by many of his actions. Here are some of the essential contradictions of Jackson’s populist politics:
Indian Removal Act of 1830. Jackson removed thousands of Native Americans from their homes and marched them west to make way for white settlers. This was a direct contradiction of his support for states’ rights and the sovereignty of individual states over federal power. Tariff of Abominations. This tariff imposed high taxes on imported goods, which hurt the Southern economy. Jackson, a Southern president, supported the tariff at first but eventually came out against it.
This was a contradiction of his previous stance on states’ rights and his support for tariffs. National Bank. Jackson strongly opposed the National Bank, believing it was an institution that favored the wealthy over the common people. However, he used his executive power to veto the renewal of the National Bank's charter, which was a contradiction to his populist ideals. Political Patronage.
Jackson instituted the “spoils system” in which government jobs were given to his supporters. This went against his belief in meritocracy and rewarding those who were most qualified for the job. Overall, Jackson's populist politics had many contradictions, especially when it came to his stance on states’ rights and his use of executive power.
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Why and how did the US become an empire in the late 19th and
early 20th century?
The United States became an empire in the late 19th and early 20th century due to a combination of factors such as territorial expansion, economic interests, and a desire for global influence.
The United States' transformation into an empire during the late 19th and early 20th century can be attributed to several key factors. Firstly, there was a strong drive for territorial expansion, motivated by a sense of manifest destiny and the belief that the United States had a divine mission to expand its influence across the continent. This led to the acquisition of new territories such as Alaska, Hawaii, and the Philippines.
Secondly, economic interests played a significant role in the country's imperial ambitions. The United States sought access to new markets and resources, and expansion abroad provided opportunities for trade, investment, and access to valuable commodities. Economic considerations were particularly prominent in the acquisition of territories in the Caribbean and the Pacific, which offered strategic advantages for trade routes and naval presence.
Lastly, there was a growing desire for global influence and power. The United States wanted to assert itself as a major player on the international stage, competing with other global powers for geopolitical dominance. This ambition was fueled by notions of American exceptionalism and the belief that the United States should spread its political and cultural values to other parts of the world. Hence, a combination of territorial expansion, economic interests, and a desire for global influence drove the United States to become an empire in the late 19th and early 20th century.
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What are your insights and reflection in the book of "Marcel's
conception of hope"
Marcel’s conception of hope was that it is a way of seeing the world, even in the midst of suffering, pain, and loss.
He argued that even in the darkest of circumstances we can still hold onto the idea of possibility, that something better could come of the situation. Through hope, we can buoy one another up and prevent despair from taking root.
He also saw hope as a way of connecting with one another and building a sense of community, as it brings out our better selves and encourages us to do things for the benefit of one another. Through hope, we are more driven to take action, more resilient, more open to change, and willing to imagine new possibilities.
I find myself reflecting on my own experiences with hope throughout the book and how my own life has been impacted by choosing to remain hopeful. Through hope, I have been able to find strength to confront difficult times, to press on despite setbacks, and to believe in a better future. In times of despair, it has often been hope that has been my great salve and has kept me persevering.
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A special health care policy attracts mostly those with chronic
health conditions and hardly anyone else. This illustrates the
problem of
a. Moral hazard
b. Adverse selection
c. Both of these
The special health care policy that attracts mainly those with chronic health conditions and hardly anyone else illustrates the problem of adverse selection.
Adverse selection is a situation where the sellers (insurers) have less information compared to buyers (policyholders) about the item being sold. This scenario is what the question is explaining in this case.
Chronic health conditions are very costly to treat;
therefore, most people who buy insurance are those with chronic health conditions.
The insurers are left with a smaller number of healthy people who purchase the insurance policy, which affects the insurer's ability to pay for the health care of the chronically ill policyholders.
The issue arises since the healthy people will not buy a policy as they feel they don't need it, leaving the insurers with a group of high-risk individuals who buy insurance, causing adverse selection.
The special health care policy that attracts mainly those with chronic health conditions and hardly anyone else illustrates the problem of adverse selection.
Adverse selection is a situation where the sellers (insurers) have less information compared to buyers (policyholders) about the item being sold. This scenario is what the question is explaining in this case. Chronic health conditions are very costly to treat; therefore, most people who buy insurance are those with chronic health conditions.
The insurers are left with a smaller number of healthy people who purchase the insurance policy, which affects the insurer's ability to pay for the health care of the chronically ill policyholders.
The issue arises since the healthy people will not buy a policy as they feel they don't need it, leaving the insurers with a group of high-risk individuals who buy insurance, causing adverse selection.
This issue leads to a situation where the insurer is forced to charge more in premiums to cover the cost of providing health care to the high-risk group.
To summarize, the problem of adverse selection occurs when one party has less information compared to the other party. It arises in the health care insurance industry when insurers are left with a small number of healthy individuals purchasing the insurance policy, leading to high premiums.
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Explain how a self-fulfilling prophecy could contribute to
forming stereotypes in social situations.
A self-fulfilling prophecy can contribute to forming stereotypes in social situations by influencing individuals' expectations, leading them to behave in ways that confirm those stereotypes.
A self-fulfilling prophecy refers to a belief or expectation about a person or a group that influences one's behavior towards them, ultimately leading to the fulfillment of that belief or expectation.
In the context of stereotypes, individuals may hold preconceived notions or stereotypes about certain social groups based on generalizations or biases.
When people encounter individuals from these stereotyped groups, their expectations and beliefs can influence their behavior toward them. They may unknowingly treat them differently, have lower expectations, or make assumptions based on the stereotype.
For example, if someone believes that a particular racial or ethnic group is unintelligent, they may interact with individuals from that group in a dismissive or condescending manner.
As a result, the individuals may internalize these negative expectations, leading to underperformance or decreased self-confidence. This outcome, in turn, reinforces the initial stereotype, creating a self-fulfilling prophecy.
In summary, self-fulfilling prophecies contribute to the formation and perpetuation of stereotypes by influencing individuals' expectations and behaviors towards stereotyped groups, leading to outcomes that align with those stereotypes.
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Carly is 8 years‐old and fully integrated in a regular grade three classroom. Carly can speak single words, but largely communicates using a special book that allows her to make requests. When misunderstood, Carly can become very frustrated.
Carly’s math and reading skills are delayed compared to her same age peers. In addition, Carly presents with fine motor deficits and often becomes upset when engaging in writing or printing tasks.
Over the past few weeks her English teacher has noticed that she will become uncooperative when asked to complete activities at her desk. This is exhibited by her banging on her desk, throwing her printing work on the floor, and refusing to complete the activity. Her behaviour is distracting to other students in the class and she is not easily redirected. Her teacher has tried reassuring or comforting her; when that has not worked the teacher has also tried sending Carly to meet with the vice-principal. Neither scenario has resulted in any significant change in behaviour.
When not doing work, Carly enjoys time on the computer, listening to music, and climbing the jungle gym at recess.
is behavior problematic? does it warrant intervention?
Carly's behavior is problematic and warrants intervention due to its disruptive nature and negative impact on her own learning and the learning environment of the classroom.
behavior, as described, involves banging on her desk, throwing her printing work on the floor, and refusing to complete activities. These actions not only disrupt the learning environment but also indicate a level of frustration and difficulty in engaging with the assigned tasks. Carly's communication challenges and delayed math and reading skills may contribute to her frustration and difficulty in expressing herself effectively. It is important to address these issues to ensure Carly's educational progress and emotional well-being.
Intervention is necessary to support Carly in managing her frustrations and developing appropriate coping mechanisms. A multi-faceted approach can be taken, involving collaboration between Carly, her teacher, special education professionals, and potentially other relevant specialists. This approach may include:
1. **Functional Behavior Assessment (FBA)**: Conducting an FBA to understand the underlying factors triggering Carly's challenging behavior. This assessment can help identify potential antecedents, consequences, and patterns of her behavior.
2. **Individualized Education Program (IEP)**: Collaborating with Carly's parents and a multidisciplinary team to develop an IEP that addresses her specific needs, including communication strategies, assistive technology, and accommodations for her fine motor deficits.
3. **Positive Behavior Support (PBS)**: Implementing a PBS plan that focuses on teaching Carly alternative ways to communicate her frustrations and express her needs effectively. This may involve using visual supports, augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) systems, and social skills training.
4. **Sensory Supports**: Identifying and implementing sensory supports that may help Carly regulate her emotions and maintain attention during desk-based activities. This could involve providing alternative seating options, fidget tools, or sensory breaks.
5. **Collaboration and Communication**: Regular collaboration and communication between Carly's teacher, support staff, and parents to ensure consistency in strategies and interventions across different environments.
6. **Curriculum Modifications**: Modifying the curriculum and instructional strategies to cater to Carly's unique learning needs and provide appropriate scaffolding to address her delayed math and reading skills.
It is essential to implement these interventions with empathy, patience, and understanding to create a supportive and inclusive learning environment for Carly. Continuous monitoring and assessment of the effectiveness of interventions will allow for adjustments and refinements as needed to maximize Carly's progress and well-being.
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"Change" is a significant theme in American history. For this week consider this theme, and discuss the degree of change in the early republic, and assess the outcomes of the changes which you have identified.
The idea of change is an essential theme in American history. It's a theme that has repeatedly been noted and discussed throughout the history of the United States.
The degree of change in the early republic and the results of the changes are the topic of this article. Here's what we have to say about it: Early Republic: Degree of Change: The early republic saw several significant changes that altered the course of American history. These developments began with the adoption of the Constitution of the United States in 1789, which aimed to centralize the government's authority. Another significant change was the creation of a federal government, which saw the creation of executive, legislative, and judicial branches. The early republic's democracy was established, and the Bill of Rights was incorporated into the Constitution, which guaranteed American citizens' rights.
Outcomes of Changes: Despite the many changes, the early republic had its share of difficulties. Many individuals were dissatisfied with the government's centralization, and conflicts arose over the country's expansion. These conflicts became particularly heated when slavery came into the picture, and Southern states threatened to secede from the union. The tension between state and federal authority was particularly evident during the War of 1812, which pitted American troops against the British. In general, the outcomes of the changes made in the early republic were mixed. Some changes were well-received, while others caused a great deal of controversy and conflict.
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A researcher is interested in the effect of the herb St. John's Wort on memory. A group of 25 college students is randomly selected to participate in the research. The group of people participating in the study is the and this group's average memory score is a population, statistic sample, parameter O sample, confound O sample, statistic Professor Carly was interested in how the type of feedback received would affect the level of happiness in her students. The students were either praised or insulted and then the levels of happiness were measured by a survey administered at the end of the study. What is the independent variable (I.V.) in this study? O happiness emotion level O test scores type of feedback
St. John's Wort study: Sample (group of 25 college students) Professor Carly's study: I.V. - Type of feedback (praise or insult); D.V. - Level of happiness (measured through a survey)
What is the effect of St. John's Wort on memory in college students?In the first scenario regarding the effect of St. John's Wort on memory, the group of 25 college students randomly selected to participate in the research is referred to as a sample. This sample represents a subset of the larger population, which in this case would be all college students. Therefore, the group of participants is a sample.
In the second scenario involving Professor Carly's study on the effect of feedback on happiness levels, the independent variable (I.V.) is the variable that is manipulated or controlled by the researcher.
In this case, the independent variable is the type of feedback received by the students (i.e., whether they were praised or insulted). The researcher has control over the type of feedback given to the students, making it the independent variable.
The dependent variable (D.V.) is the variable that is measured or observed to determine the effect of the independent variable. In this study, the dependent variable is the level of happiness, which is measured through a survey administered at the end of the study.
The levels of happiness are expected to be influenced by the type of feedback received, the independent variable.
- In the St. John's Wort study, the group of 25 college students is a sample.
- In Professor Carly's study, the independent variable (I.V.) is the type of feedback received (praise or insult), and the dependent variable (D.V.) is the level of happiness measured through a survey.
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Write 200-250 words
Was R.A. Millikan guilty of unethical behavior in his reporting
of the oil drop experiments?
The question of whether R.A. Millikan was guilty of unethical behavior in his reporting of the oil drop experiments is a matter of debate among scholars and scientists. The oil drop experiments, conducted by Millikan in the early 20th century, aimed to determine the charge of an electron.
Critics argue that Millikan's reporting of the experiments was ethically questionable for a few reasons. Firstly, it is claimed that he selectively published data that supported his desired outcomes while excluding data that did not. This selective reporting could lead to bias and a distortion of the true results, presenting an inaccurate picture of the experiment's findings.
Additionally, some argue that Millikan failed to acknowledge the contributions of his research assistant, Harvey Fletcher, who played a significant role in the experiments. By not giving due credit, Millikan may have violated ethical principles regarding acknowledgment of collaborators and their contributions to scientific research.
However, defenders of Millikan argue that the ethical standards and scientific practices of his time were different from those of today. They contend that Millikan's actions were in line with the prevailing norms and expectations of the scientific community at that time.
It is important to note that discussions of Millikan's ethics in the oil drop experiments often stem from historical analysis and interpretations. The scientific community has since refined its practices and developed more rigorous ethical standards for research and reporting.
In conclusion, while there are arguments suggesting that R.A. Millikan's reporting of the oil drop experiments may have involved ethical concerns, the matter remains a topic of scholarly debate. Understanding the context of the time and the evolution of scientific ethics is essential when evaluating the ethical conduct of historical scientific experiments.
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Question 63 Which of the following best describes this scenario: A friend recently suffered the loss of a close family member and is talking through what she is feeling with you. Problem-focused coping Emotion-focused coping Positive social support 1 pts Negative social support
The scenario described where a friend is talking through her feelings after the loss of a close family member best aligns with emotion-focused coping.
Emotion-focused coping refers to strategies individuals employ to manage and regulate their emotional responses to stressful or difficult situations. In this scenario, the friend is engaging in conversation and expressing her emotions related to the loss of a loved one.
By talking through her feelings, she is actively addressing and processing her emotions, seeking support, and attempting to make sense of her grief. This approach aims to regulate and express emotions, seek validation, and find comfort in discussing and exploring one's feelings.
Problem-focused coping, on the other hand, involves taking direct action to solve or address the underlying problem causing distress. In this scenario, the focus is primarily on emotional expression and seeking support rather than actively solving the problem related to the loss.
Positive social support refers to receiving empathy, understanding, and assistance from others during challenging times. It can be present in the scenario if the friend is receiving comfort and understanding from the person she is talking to.
Negative social support, in contrast, involves receiving unsupportive or detrimental responses from others, which is not evident in the scenario described.
Overall, the best description of the scenario is emotion-focused coping, as the friend is primarily engaging in emotional expression and seeking support to cope with her loss.
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In the Libet experiment asking participants to identify when they felt a will or urge to move (time W), there was measurable brain activity before this feeling was consciously experienced. This is important to the neuroscientific argument against free will in that if brain activity precedes the conscious experience of willing, which in turn precedes an action A, it, and not W, may be the real cause of A. True False Question 40 0.5 pts Physicalism maintains that there is only one fundamental substance, namely, physical matter or energy changing within space-time, in a manner that is best described by the laws of physics. O True False Question 39 1 pts Which of the following statements about compatibilism (soft determinism) defined by W. T Stace is false? An action caused by an addiction is not free. People are morally responsible for the actions that flow from their desires. People are not free to act against their desires. Free actions have their causes inside of us, while unfree actions have their causes external to us.
The assertion that "if brain activity precedes the conscious experience of willing, which in turn precedes an action A, it, and not W, may be the real cause of A" is accurate. The reason why this is important to the neuroscientific argument against free will is that the free will theory states that humans are in full control of their decisions without any influence or interference.
However, this is not entirely true because measurable brain activity happens before a person is consciously aware of his/her decision, meaning that the brain can influence the decision that is made.
Physicalism maintains that there is only one fundamental substance, namely, physical matter or energy changing within space-time, in a manner that is best described by the laws of physics. This statement is True.
Compatibilism (soft determinism) defined by W. T Stace is a philosophical theory that reconciles the idea of free will and determinism. It claims that free will and determinism can coexist and aren't mutually exclusive.
The adage "An action brought about by an addiction is not free" is untrue. Compatibilism argues that free actions have their causes inside of us, while unfree actions have their causes external to us. This means that actions caused by addiction are free and the person can still be held morally responsible for them. The statement that is false is "People are not free to act against their desires."
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Hi Everyone,
This weeks assignment is for you to develop an outline for your final paper. Your outline should begin with your thesis statement and then follow with an outline of each critical part of the thesis.
This weeks assign is your last weekly assignment and you will have time to complete your final paper and prepare for the final exam.
This is what I wrote before so please help
The theory which I have chosen that I believe describes human nature is humanistic theory which discussed the different factors of feeling and actions and self image as well as individual humanity. The theory says that every person is unique it their own way and also having the ability to change if they make the chose to do so. And the theory also says that each person has the responsibility to be a happy person and be able to function in the world. The humanistic theory states that humans are humans has self image free will and self efficacy. The theory is expressing that human beings are respectable and they also need basic needs in order to function. Human are the class that are spread all around and can talk to one another and care for the environment and have the basic necessity in order to function. And what I believe that humans are is that they are individuals that behavior is determined by the basic necessity and once they have this they are able to focus on what it necessary to do at hand. The way that humanists tic theory is applied in society is that one will have social skills and felling’s and practical skills when interacting with other and intellect and educated. Also it is able to help with anxiety and depression and family relationships and personality disorder and so many more..
Carl Rogers with Abraham Maslow developed the Humanistic theory and they are focusing on the internal experience that are feelings and thoughts and the feelings of an individual for what he is worth. The theory also holds that people are naturally good and have positive drive towards personal self achievements
As per the given question, the following is the outline for the final paper:
Title: Humanistic Theory
Introduction: Brief explanation of the humanistic theory and its founders
Thesis Statement: The humanistic theory is the best theory to describe human nature because it emphasizes the uniqueness and individuality of every person, their ability to change, and their responsibility to be happy and functional in the world.
Body:
Part 1: Explanation of the humanistic theory and its components- Factors of feelings and actions- Self-image- Individual humanity.
Part 2: Humanistic theory and its view of human nature- Humans are respectable and unique- Humans have self-image, free will, and self-efficacy- Basic needs are essential for humans to function.
Part 3: Application of humanistic theory in society- Social skills and practical skills- Improvement in anxiety and depression- Better family relationships- Better personality disorder.
Conclusion: Restate thesis statement and summarize the key points of the paper.
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