what is the phase triangle in chemistry

Answer:

Explanation:

Here, we want to get the percent yield of the reaction

Mathematically:

From the question:

The actual yield is 18 mol while the theoretical yield is 27 mol

Substituting the values, we have it that:

The correct empirical formula of the glucose molecule is [tex]CH_{2} O[/tex].

The empirical formula is the simplest formula of the compound. Let us note that the structural formula shows the arrangement of the atoms of the compound while the molecular formula shows the number of each of the atoms that is in the substance.

Now we know that the empirical formula determines the ratio of each of the atoms that are in a  compound as such the formula that is shown can not be the empirical formula of glucose as we can see in the question that is above here.

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0.3405moles.

In order to get the moles of sugar, we need to get the final volume using the dilution factor as shown below:

where:

• C1 and C2 are the, initial and final ,concentration

• V1 and V2 are the, initial and final, volume

Given the following parameters:

C1 = 2.27M

V1 = 150mL = 0.15L

C2 = 1.88M

V2 = ?

Substitute the given parameters into the formula:

Next is to get the moles of sugar in the lemonade solution using the formula below:

Hence the number of moles of sugar that are in the lemonade solution is 0.3405moles.

Answer:

1.30 g/cm3

Explanation:

d = m/V = 32.4g / 24.9cm3 = 1.30 g/cm3

Any liquid has a 1 atmosphere vapor pressure at its boiling point.  At 90 degrees Celsius, water has a vapor pressure of 0.692 atm.

The weight exerted on a unit area of the surface where the tank is kept determines the pressure at the bottom of a tank that is holding water.

That is equivalent to:

pressure = weight/area,

weight = mass (m) × acceleration due to gravity, and

weight = mass (m) (g).

Thus, pressure is defined as m × g/area.

At 90 degrees Celsius, water has a vapor pressure of 0.692 atm.

simple pressure = e^(20.386 - (5132 / (temperature + 273)) , where vapor pressure exists represented in mmHg and temperature in kelvins.

P total = p1 + p2

The relationship between mole fraction and vapour pressure at constant temperature.

Any liquid has a 1 atmosphere vapor pressure at its boiling point. Water has a single atmosphere of vapor pressure at 100 degrees Celsius. As a result, the boiling point of water is 100 degrees Celsius.

Therefore, the correct answer is option b) 69 k pa.

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The titration formula is used when we have an equivalence point of neutralization between acid and base, the formula is:

Ma * Va = Vb * Mb

Where:

Ma = concentration of acid

Va = volume of acid

Mb = concentration of base

Vb = volume of base

This formula tells us the concentration and volume of an acid must be equal to the concentration and volume of a base in order to neutralize the reaction (this applies to strong acids and strong bases only)

Ma * Va = Vb * Mb

0.00100 * 27 = 225 * Mb

0.027 = 225Mb

Mb = 0.00012M

Answer:

0.698 M.

Explanation:

Let's remember the concept of molarity: The molarity (M) of a solution is the number of moles of solute dissolved in one liter of solution. To calculate the molarity of a solution, divide the moles of solute by the volume of the solution expressed in liters, like this:

To find the moles of solute (KCl, in this case) we have to convert 14.6 g of KCl to moles using its molar mass which is 74.5 g/mol, like this:

Now, let's convert 281 mL to L. Remember that 1 L equals 1000 mL:

The final step is to replace the data that we obtained in the molarity formula:

The answer would be that the molarity of the solution is 0.698 M.

Explanation:

The percentage composition of any given compound is nothing but the ratio of the amount of each element present in the compound to the total amount of individual elements present in the compound multiplied by 100. Here, we measure the quantity in terms of grams of the elements present in the solution.

The mass of an object is 7.1788g.

We are provided with the following information:

The density of an object = 1.37 [tex]g/cm^{3}[/tex]

Volume of an object = 5.24 [tex]cm^{3}[/tex]

Density of any substance is defined as the ratio of mass of the substance to the volume of the substance. Density is represented by ρ. The SI unit of density is kg/m³.

Density of an object = (Mass of an object) / (Volume of an object)

On substituting the value of density of an object and volume of an object, we get

1.37 [tex]g/cm^{3}[/tex] = ( Mass of an object )/ 5.24 [tex]cm^{3}[/tex]

Mass of an object = (1.37 [tex]g/cm^{3}[/tex] ) × ( 5.24 [tex]cm^{3}[/tex] )

Mass of an object = 7.1788 g

Thus, we can conclude that the object has a mass of 7.1788 g.

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(a) Fluorine= (2,7)

(b) Nitrogen=(2,5)

Taking into account the change of units, a slice of Swiss cheese contains:

(a) 0.042 grams of sodium.

(b) 0.00148 ounces of sodium.

(c) 0.0000926 pounds of sodium.

The rule of three is a way of solving problems of proportionality between three known values and an unknown value, establishing a relationship of proportionality between all of them.

If the relationship between the magnitudes is direct, the direct rule of three must be applied as follow, being a, b and c known data and x the variable to be calculated:

a ⇒ b

c ⇒ x

So: x= (c×b)÷ a

The direct rule of three is the rule applied in this case where there is a change of units.

To perform in this case the conversion of units, you can apply the following rule of three: if 1 mg is 0.001 grams, 42 mg is equivalent to how many grams?

1 mg ⇒ 0.001 grams

42 mg ⇒ x

So:

x= (42 mg× 0.001 grams)÷ 1 mg

Solving:

x= 0.042 grams

Finally, the mass is 0.042 grams.

To perform in this case the conversion of units, you can apply the following rule of three: if 453.6 g is 16 oz, 0.042 g is equivalent to how many ounces?

453.6 g ⇒ 16 oz

0.042 g ⇒ x

So:

x= (0.042 g× 16 oz)÷ 453.6 g

Solving:

x= 0.00148 oz

Finally, the mass is 0.00148 ounces.

To perform in this case the conversion of units, you can apply the following rule of three: if 453.6 g is 1 lb, 0.042 g is equivalent to how many pounds?

453.6 g ⇒ 1 lb

0.042 g ⇒ x

So:

x= (0.042 g× 1 lb)÷ 453.6 g

Solving:

x= 0.0000926 pounds

Finally, the mass is 0.0000926 pounds.

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The pressure is 1.99 atm.

The problem we are dealing with is related to  Gay-Lussac's Law, where the  Gay-Lussac's Law states that the pressure of a given sum of gas held at a steady volume is directly proportional to the Kelvin temperature and If you warm a gas we allow the atoms to get more energy so they moves more quickly.

Since the formula of Gay-Lussac's Law is:

P₁/T₁=P₂/T₂

where, P₁, P₂ are the pressures and T₁ ,T₂ are the temperatures.

As   we are provided with the values such as :

P₁ = 1.4 atm and T₁= (28.3 + 273.15) K = 301.45 K and

T₂ = (115.4 + 273.15) K = 388.55 K.

So from the given formula, we can calculate the P₂ which is

P₂=P₁×(T₂/T₁)

   = 1.4x( 388.55/273.15)

   = 1.99 atm

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The heat released by the experiment, assuming that the solution's final volume is 200.0 mL, the density is 1.00 g/mL, and the heat capacity is 4.184 J/g⋅°C is -194 KJ/mol.

Density is defined as mass of a material substance per unit of the volume. The equation for density is d = M/V, where d stands for density, M for mass, and V for volume.

Grams per cubic centimeter are a common unit of density measurement. For instance, the density of Earth is 5.51 grams per cubic centimeter, whereas the density of water is 1 gram per cubic centimeter.

The equation of the reaction is;

CaOH(aq) + 2HCl(aq) --------> CaCl2(aq) + 2H2O(l)

From the information provided in the question;

No. of moles of CaO = 1.23 g/ 56 g/mol = 0.022 moles

No. of moles of HCl =  0.500 M × 200/1000 = 0.1 moles

We now have to obtain the limiting reactant

From the reaction equation;

one mole of CaO reacts with 2 moles of HCl

0.022 moles moles of CaO reacts with  0.022 moles × 2 moles/1 mole

= 0.044 moles

Hence there is more than enough HCl so CaO is the limiting reactant.

Temperature rise of the reaction = 5.10 °C

Total volume of solution = 200.0 ml

Density of solution =  1.00 g/ml

Mass of solution = 200 g

Heat capacity of solution = 4.184 J/g·°C

We know that, heat absorbed by solution = heat released by the reaction

Heat absorbed by solution = mcθ

m = mass of solution

c = heat capacity of solution

θ = temperature rise

Substituting values;

ΔH = 200g × 4.184J/g·°C × 5.10°C

ΔH = 4.27 KJ

Therefore, heat released by the reaction;

ΔHrxn = (- 4.27 KJ)/0.022 moles

ΔHrxn = -194 KJ/mol

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       The quantity of protons in an atom's nucleus is known as the atomic number. The number of protons determines an element's identity (i.e., an element with 6 protons is a carbon atom, no matter how many neutrons may be present).

Answer :A. Atomic number

        The number of protons in an atom determines its atomic number, and isotopes have the same atomic number but different numbers of neutrons.

           All isotopes of a given element have the same atomic number because they all have the same amount of protons (for example, the atomic number of helium is always 2).

          An isotope is one of two or more chemical elements that exist in different forms. Varied isotopes of an element share the same atomic number and protons in their nuclei, giving them the same atomic weight. However, each elemental isotope has a different amount of neutrons, which changes its atomic weight.

The two chlorine isotopes that are found in nature are represented by the symbols 3517Cl and 3717Cl.

The elements hydrogen, deuterium, and tritium each have one isotope.

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The volume of oxalic acid required for the reaction is 76.8 mL.

Neutralization reactions are reaction in which acids reacts with bases to form salt and water only.

The neutralization reaction between oxalic acid and NaOH is given in the equation below:

(COOH)₂ (aq) + 2 NaOH (aq) ---> (COONa)₂ (aq) + H₂O (l)

The mole ratio of oxalic acid to NaOH is 1 : 2

moles of NaOH = Moles of oxalic acid /2

Moles of NaOH = 35.2 mL * 0.546 = 19.2 mmoles

Moles of oxalic acid = 19.2 / 2 = 9.6 mmoles

Volume of oxalic acid required = 9.6 / 0.125

Volume of oxalic acid = 76.8 mL

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The general gas law states that the product of the pressure and the volume of the gas, divided by the thermodynamic temperature, in kelvin, is equal to a constant. This constant, in turn, is described by the Clapeyron equation, note:

Where:

P = pressure exerted by the gas

V = volume occupied by this gas

T = temperature in kelvin

R = universal ideal gas constant (0.082 atm.L/mol.K)

n = number of moles

Step 1 - Transform 20 °C into kelvin using the formula: Tk = 273 + Tc

Tk = 273 + 20

Tk = 293 K

Step 2 - Replace the values on the formula:

P = 0.900 atm

V = 8.50L

n = ???

R = 0.082 atm.L/mol.K

T = 293

PV = nRT

0.900 x 8.50 = n x 0.082 x 293

n = 0.106/24.026

n = 0.004407 moles of oxygen

Step 3 - We transform moles into gram using the formula: mass = moles x molar mass

molar mass of O2 = (2x16) = 32 g/mol

mass = 0.004407 x 32

mass = 0.141 grams of O2

Answer: 0.141 grams of O2

The question requires us to calculate the rate of change of NO, given that the rate of change of Cl2 is -0.0500 M/s.

The balanced chemical reaction provided is:

From the stochiometry of the reaction we can say that Δ[NO] = 2/1 Δ[Cl2], thus we can calculate the rate of change of NO as:

Therefore, the rate of change of NO is -0.100 M/s.

Usually scientists will collide a large isotope such as Uranium-235 with a neutron. The collision results in several more nuclear fissions, also known as a chain reaction . This results in a HUGE release in energy!

Nuclear fission occurs when large isotopes such as uranium - 235 collide with neutron and split into two or more smaller atoms. and releases a large quantity of energy. in this process nucleus of atom split into two or more smaller nuclei . this result in huge release in energy and resulting in chain reaction.

Thus, Usually scientists will collide a large isotope such as Uranium-235 with a neutron. The collision results in several more nuclear fissions, also known as a chain reaction . This results in a HUGE release in energy!

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The mass of MgCI₂ produced from 4.61 moles of chlorine is 437.95g

What is mole ?
In chemistry, a mole, sometimes spelled mol, is a common scientific measurement unit for significant amounts of very small objects like atoms, molecules, or other predetermined particles.

The mole designates 6.02214076 1023 units, which is a very large number. The mole for the International System of Units is this quantity, according to the General Conference on Weights and Measures (SI)

Mg(s) + Cl₂(g) → MgCI₂(s)

1mol Cl2 gives 1 mol MgCl2

4.61mol Cl2  gives 4.61 mol MgCl2

Mass of  1 mol of MgCl2 = 24+35.5*2 = 95g

Mass of  4.61 mol of MgCl2 = 437.95g

The mass of MgCl2 produced from 4.61 moles of chlorine is 437.95g
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Answer:

A satellite campus or branch campus or regional campus is a campus of a university or college that is physically at a distance from the original university or college area. This branch campus may be located in a different city, state, or country, and is often smaller than the main campus of an institution.

The question requires us to provide the meaning of "molecules".

A molecule can be defined as a group of atoms (being from the same or different elements) that are bonded together, which forms the smallest unit of a chemical compound. A molecule can also be defined as the smallest unit of a substance that presents the same physical and chemical properties of the substance.

These are multiple choice type questions involving various concepts of solubility of a solution. The answers can be specified as 8) a 9) b 10) c 11) c 12) b 13) a 14) c 15) b.

The kind of ability of a material, that means the solute, to combine with another substance, that is the solvent, is known as solubility in chemistry. The opposite characteristic, insolubility, is the inability of the solute to create such a solution. Famous Examples of Solubility in Daily Life are from Everyday Uses.

At 20 °C, sugar typically dissolves in water molecules. Gelatin is heat-sensitive and soluble in water.

Sugar, flavorings, and preservatives are often soluble in water at 20 °C and make up powdered juices. Agricultural fertilizers frequently contain nitrates.

Based on the concentration at which they dissolve in a solvent, solutes are categorized as being highly soluble, sparingly soluble, or insoluble. If a concentration of 0.1 is used, it is claimed to be soluble.

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Answer:

We are asked to create a concept map with the terms:

• chemical bonds

• ionic bonds

• covalent bonds

• metallic bonds

• Molecules

• ions

As we can see we have a general topic which is chemical bonds.

Then we have 3 different types of bonds: ionic, covalent and metallic.

Finally, these types of bonds can form either molecules or an array of ions (in the case of metallic bonds.

In orther to understant it better we first list the deffinitions of these 3 types of bonding:

Covalent bonds: is a bond between two atoms that share a pair of valence electrons. This bond produces a molecule.

Ionic bonds: is a bond between a metallic element and a non metallic element. The first gives electrones to the other, resulting in a molecule.

Metallic bonds: these are bonds that result exclusevely in metal compound. Metals are crystalline solids, a huge array of atoms that share valence electrones.

Therefore we can array these concepts in the following map:

The nutritional calories per gram of candy will be 5010 Cal/g

Given,

mass(m) = 4.1g

ΔT = 2.1K

Heat capacity (C) = 41.50KJ/K

= 41.50÷ 4.2 Kcal/K (since, 1cal = 4.2j)

(C) = 9.8 ×1000 Cal/K

We know that,

Q = msΔT where (C = ms) and also,

Q = CΔT = (9.8 × 1000×2.1)Cal

(Q/m = nutritional calorie per gram)

Q/m = 9.8×1000×2.1 ÷ 4.1 Cal/g

= 5010 Cal/g or 5.01KCal/g

Therefore the nutritional calories per gram of the candy will be 5010Cal/g or 5.1 KCal/g

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The nutritional calories per gram of candy will be 5010 Cal/g.

mass (m) is 4.1 g

ΔT is 2.1 K

Heat capacity (C) is 41.50 KJ/K

= 41.50÷ 4.2 K cal/K (since, 1 cal is 4.2 j)

(C) = 9.8 ×1000 Cal/K

We know that,

Q is msΔT where (C = ms) and also,

Q = CΔT = (9.8 × 1000×2.1)Cal

(Q/m = nutritional calorie per gram)

Q/m = 9.8×1000×2.1 ÷ 4.1 Cal/g

= 5010 Cal/g or 5.01KCal/g

Therefore, if the heat capacity of the calorimeter is 40.80 kJ⋅K−1 the nutritional calories per gram of the candy will be 5010 Cal/g or 5.1 KCal/g.

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Hydrogen(H₂) will have the highest speed if all the gases were at the same temperature; correct option is D

Hydrogen is described as the chemical element with the symbol H and atomic number 1. Hydrogen is also known as the lightest element which at standard conditions is a gas of diatomic molecules having the formula H₂.

Hydrogen has lowest molecular mass as compared to other gases in the group of options . So, therefore we can conclude that it will have highest speed.

Hydrogen is known to be a colorless, odorless, tasteless, flammable gaseous substance that is the simplest member of the family of chemical elements.

Hydrogen is found to be present in water and in almost all molecules in living things and remains bonded with carbon and oxygen atoms. Hydrogen is widely said to be the most abundant element in the universe.

Hydrogen is spotless and is non-toxic and safe to produce from various different sources, transport, and store in large amounts.

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Helium gains no stability by adding one H because it is already stable due to a complete valance shell or orbit.

To attain stability an atom will gain, lose, or share electrons to complete the outermost shell means the last shell. Helium atom has two electrons in the first orbit which completes the doublet rule so it is stable we know that noble gases are stable elements and we know that helium is also a member of a noble family. Nuclides are the most stable because it contains even numbers of both protons and neutrons which make them less radioactive. Nuclear stability is greater in nuclides that comprise even numbers of protons and neutrons or both.

So we can conclude that the helium atom does not need hydrogen to get stability.

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The potential energy is 84.366 J.

We know that,  potential energy is PE= mgh

PE= 5.0 * 9.81 * 1.72

PE= 84.366 J

Potential energy is a form of stored energy that is dependent on the relationship between different system components. When a spring is compressed or stretched, its potential energy increases. If a steel ball is raised above the ground as opposed to falling to the ground, it has more potential energy. It is capable of performing more work when raised. Potential energy is a characteristic of systems rather than of particular bodies or particles; for instance, the system made up of Earth and the elevated ball has more potential energy as they become further apart.

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The non-living parts of the ecosystem such as water, dirt, and air are called abiotic factors. Therefore, option (B) is correct.

An abiotic factor is a non-living part that shapes the environment of an ecosystem. Examples such as temperature, light, and water are parts of the terrestrial ecosystem.  Abiotic factors include salinity and ocean currents in a marine ecosystem. Abiotic and biotic factors come together to create a unique ecosystem.

Abiotic factors are chemical and physical parts that affect living organisms and the functioning of ecosystems. Abiotic factors associated with underpinning biology as a whole. They affect all forms of environmental conditions such as land animals or marine. Humans can make or change abiotic factors in an environment.

Abiotic factors would include water, temperature, humidity, light, radiation, atmosphere, acidity, and soil. The macroscopic climate commonly influences each of the above. Abiotic factors in ocean environments include aerial exposure, substrate solar energy, water clarity, and tides.

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Answer:

1. Protons and neutrons

2. Positive charge

Explanation:

A nucleus contains protons and neutrons. Protons have a positive charge and neutrons have a neutral charge. Neutral + positive would still be positive. So logically nucleus is positive charge.

Mass in grams of 7.54 x10³⁰ formula units of magnesium chloride is 7.178 gram

Mass is the measure of amount of matter in a substance or an object and magnesium chloride is the chemical compound this salt are typically ionic halide being highly soluble in water

Here given data is

Molar mass of  magnesium chloride = 95.211 grams/mole

Number of mole of magnesium given =  7.54 x10³⁰

Therefore mass of magnesium chloride

Molar mass × number of mole

Mass = 95.211 grams/mole × 7.54 x10³⁰

Mass = 7.178 gram

Mass in gram is 7.178 gram

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