Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) relies on the basic concept of employees keeping their equipment in good operating order. TPM is a maintenance strategy that aims to increase equipment effectiveness and reliability.
The employees work together to identify and correct potential problems that could cause equipment to malfunction or break down.In TPM, the emphasis is on preventive maintenance, rather than reactive maintenance. This means that maintenance activities are scheduled before equipment failure occurs, rather than waiting for the equipment to break down before taking action. By doing this, downtime is minimized, and the overall equipment effectiveness is increased.TPM also focuses on involving operators in maintenance activities.
By training operators to perform routine maintenance tasks, they become more familiar with the equipment, and are better able to detect and correct potential problems. This not only improves equipment reliability, but also promotes a sense of ownership among the operators.TPM is a continuous improvement process that requires the participation of everyone in the organization. By promoting teamwork and employee involvement, TPM helps to create a culture of continuous improvement, where employees are empowered to take ownership of their work and strive for excellence in everything they do.
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Which core procurement process takes the shortest amount of time to go through? The ordering cycle Supplier relationship management QUESTION 17 Agreeing on performance improvements beyond the contracted performance standards happens in which process? Strategic sourcing Ordering cycle Supplier relationship management QUESTION 18 When procurement says "we would like to go over supply chain risks with you" it is approaching this supplier as a Leverage supplier Routine supplier Bottleneck supplier
The core procurement process that takes the shortest amount of time to go through is the Ordering Cycle. It is a straightforward process that is also known as the purchasing cycle.
The ordering cycle is composed of several steps, which are as follows:Identifying a need: This is the first step, and it involves identifying the goods or services that are required. It is essential to determine the specifications, such as the quantity, quality, and delivery date. These specifications will be used to request quotes from potential suppliers. It involves managing all aspects of the supplier relationship, including performance, quality, delivery, and cost.
Leverage supplier: When procurement says "we would like to go over supply chain risks with you" it is approaching this supplier as a leverage supplier. A leverage supplier is a supplier that is important to the buyer and is a critical part of the supply chain. The buyer has some bargaining power over this supplier and can use it to negotiate better terms and conditions.
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On 31 January 2017, you bought 200 shares of a company for $422.84 a share and on 31 January 2021 you sold them for $862.14 a share. In January 2021, you also received a cash dividend of $11.64 per share. Calculate the annual holding period yield (in percentage) on your investment.
The annual holding period yield (in percentage) on the investment of 200 shares purchased
at $422.84 a share and sold at $862.14 a share and a cash dividend of $11.24 per share is 14.27%.
Number of shares = 200
Cost per share = $422.84
Selling price per share = $862.14
Dividend per share = $11.24
To calculate the annual holding period yield of the investment, we need to determine
the holding period, the dividend, and the return on investment.
Holding period = (2021 - 2017) = 4 years
Dividend income = $11.24 x 200 = $2,248
Total revenue from selling shares = Selling price per share x Number of shares= $862.14 x 200 = $172,428
Total Cost of 200 shares = Cost per share x Number of shares= $422.84 x 200 = $84,568
Total Return on Investment = Dividend income + Total Revenue from Selling Shares - Total Cost of shares= $2,248 + $172,428 - $84,568= $90,108
Annual Holding Period Yield = ((Total Return on Investment / Total Cost of shares)^(1/number of years)) - 1= (($90,108/$84,568)^(1/4)) - 1= (1.06769^(1/4)) - 1= 0.135 = 13.5% (rounded to one decimal place)Therefore, the annual holding period yield (in percentage) on the investment of 200 shares purchased at $422.84 a share and sold at $862.14 a share and a cash dividend of $11.24 per share is 14.27%. (rounded to two decimal places).
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The PMB of getting the annual flu shot can be approximated by P = 50 - Q/2 . The PMC
of flu shots is a constant $30 (note: a constant MC just means that each additional flu
shot produced always costs an extra $20). There are positive consumption externalities
of getting flu shots (for ex., older people, for whom the flu shot is not very effective and
who are at most risk of serious illness, benefit from having fewer exposures). Suppose
that positive consumption externality was calculated to be MB=$20.
i. What is the SMB? (In the absence of an externality on the production side, PMC=SMC
of producing flu shots)
ii. What is the privately optimal quantity?
iii. What is the socially optimal quantity?
iv. Graph these curves out, along with the private and social optima. Shade in the area
corresponding to DWL.
v. What is the $ amount of deadweight loss?
(b) The PMC of an oil refinery is described by MC = 10 + Q. The PMB is approximated
by the inverse demand curve, P = 50 Q. There are negative production externalities
(say, on the seafood industry), approximated by a constant MD = 20.
i. What is the SMC? (In the absence of an externality on the consumption side,
PMB=SMB)
ii. What is the privately optimal quantity?
iii. What is the socially optimal quantity?
iv. Graph these curves out, along with the private and social optima. Shade in the area
corresponding to DWL.
v. What is the $ amount of deadweight loss
The formula for the social marginal benefit (SMB) of getting flu shots is:SMB = PMB + EHere, the positive externality is E = $20.So, SMB = $20 + PMB = $20 + (50 - Q/2) = $70 - Q/2.
The privately optimal quantity is where PMB = PMC. So,50 - Q/2 = $30Q = 40.So, the privately optimal quantity is 40 flu shots.iii. The social optimum is where SMB = SMC.So,70 - Q/2 = 10 + Q60 = 3Q.Q = 20 flu shots.So, the socially optimal quantity is 20 flu shots.iv.
The graph of the curves along with the private and social optima and the area corresponding to DWL is given below:From the graph, the deadweight loss is the area of the triangle formed by the points (20, 30), (20, 50), and (40, 30).DWL = 0.5 x (20) x (20) = $200.v.
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If a company lost $1 per share in its market price and at the same time gained $1 in income yield per share, what would happen to t total return? It would remain the same. It is indeterminable. It would fall. It would rise.
It would remain the same. The change in market price and income yield cancel each other out, resulting in a neutral effect on the total return. Here option A is the correct answer.
The total return of a stock is determined by two components: capital appreciation (changes in the market price of the stock) and income yield (dividends or interest received from owning the stock). In this scenario, the company lost $1 per share in its market price and gained $1 in income yield per share.
The loss in market price ($1 per share) would lead to a decrease in the capital appreciation component of the total return. On the other hand, the gain in income yield ($1 per share) would increase the income yield component of the total return.
Since the loss in market price is exactly offset by the gain in income yield, the total return would remain the same. In other words, the decrease in capital appreciation would be balanced out by the increase in income yield, resulting in no net change in the overall return. Therefore option A is the correct answer.
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Complete question:
If a company lost $1 per share in its market price and at the same time gained $1 in income yield per share, what would happen to t total return?
A - It would remain the same.
B - It is indeterminable.
C - It would fall.
D - It would rise.
In practice, to estimate an asset's alpha and beta, the following linear regression is usually estimated: r j
−r ft
=a j
+β j
(r mt
−r ft
)−ε j
a. Interpret the intercept aj. b. Interpret the slope β j
. c. What is happening in the asset relative to the market if the a j
is postive? d. What is happening in the asset relative to the market if the α j
is negative?
a. The intercept aj represents the asset's expected excess return (alpha) when the market excess return (r mt - r ft) is zero. In other words, it represents the asset's expected return beyond what can be explained by the market.
b. The slope βj represents the asset's sensitivity to changes in the market excess return. It measures how much the asset's excess return changes in response to a one-unit change in the market excess return.
c. If aj is positive, it means that the asset's expected excess return is higher than what can be explained by the market. This suggests that the asset is outperforming the market.
d. If αj is negative, it means that the asset's expected excess return is lower than what can be explained by the market. This suggests that the asset is underperforming compared to the market.
In the given linear regression equation:
r_j - r_ft = a_j + β_j (r_mt - r_ft) - ε_j
where:
- r_j is the asset's return
- r_ft is the risk-free rate of return
- a_j is the intercept (alpha)
- β_j is the slope (beta)
- r_mt is the market's return
- ε_j is the error term
a. Interpretation of the intercept (a_j):
The intercept, a_j, represents the asset's expected return when the market return (r_mt) is equal to the risk-free rate (r_ft). In other words, it indicates the excess return of the asset that cannot be explained by the market's performance or the risk-free rate. If the intercept is statistically significant and positive, it suggests that the asset has the potential to outperform the market and generate positive returns even in the absence of market movements.
b. Interpretation of the slope (β_j):
The slope, β_j, measures the sensitivity of the asset's returns to the market's returns. It represents the asset's systematic risk or exposure to market movements. A beta of 1 indicates that the asset tends to move in line with the market. A beta greater than 1 suggests the asset is more volatile than the market, while a beta less than 1 indicates the asset is less volatile. Therefore, the slope provides insight into how much the asset's returns are expected to move in response to changes in the market.
c. Interpretation of a positive alpha (a_j):
If the alpha, a_j, is positive and statistically significant, it indicates that the asset has outperformed the market, generating excess returns above what would be expected based on its beta and the market's performance. This suggests that the asset has some unique characteristics or strategies that result in positive returns, even when the market is not performing well.
d. Interpretation of a negative alpha (a_j):
If the alpha, a_j, is negative and statistically significant, it suggests that the asset has underperformed the market, generating returns lower than what would be expected based on its beta and the market's performance. This indicates that the asset has some inherent weaknesses or inefficiencies that result in negative returns, even when the market is performing well.
It's important to note that alpha and beta are statistical measures used in finance to analyze and evaluate the performance of assets and portfolios. They provide insights into how assets perform relative to the market and can assist investors in making investment decisions.
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Corp. reported the following: Units: 621 Sales $4764 Variable Costs $223 Fixed Costs $573 Compute the operating leverage Round ONLY your final answer to 2 decimal places. Do not round intermediate computations. J Corp. reported the following: Units: 381 Sales $4087 Variable Costs $210 Fixed Costs $243 Compute the number of units that must be sold to earn a target profit of 75 ONLY round your final answer to 2 decimal places. Do not round intermediate computations.
Operating leverage is the ratio of fixed expenses to variable expenses. It is the degree to which a company employs fixed expenses to produce the best performance possible.
Operating leverage is important because it determines the financial results of businesses and indicates their potential profits.
The operating leverage ratio measures the level of fixed costs of a company's operations relative to its variable costs. The operating leverage ratio can be calculated as follows: Operating Leverage Ratio = Contribution Margin / Net Income. Operating Leverage for Corp. would be calculated as follows: Operating Leverage = (Sales - Variable Cost) / (Sales - Variable Cost - Fixed Cost)For Corp., Operating Leverage = (4764-223) / (4764-223-573) = 2.08. Now, let's solve for the number of units that must be sold to earn a target profit of $75.The equation for the target profit in units is: Target profit = (Sales in units x Contribution Margin per unit) - Fixed Costs + Target Profit.We know Fixed Costs ($243), and the Target Profit ($75)
Target profit = ($4087 / 381 * (4087 - 210)) - $243 + $75
Target profit = 29.67
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The great recent recession, the covid-19 pandemic and the Russian-Ukraine war Economic turmoil from an economic perspective
From an economic perspective, the great recent recession, the Covid-19 pandemic, and the Russian-Ukraine war have all caused significant economic turmoil. Here is a step-by-step explanation:
1. The Great Recession: The Great Recession, which occurred between 2007 and 2009, was a global economic downturn caused by a combination of factors such as the burst of the housing bubble, financial market instability, and high levels of consumer debt. This led to a severe contraction in economic activity, with declining GDP, rising unemployment rates, and decreased consumer spending. 2. The Covid-19 Pandemic: The Covid-19 pandemic, which began in 2019 and is ongoing, has had a profound impact on the global economy. To contain the spread of the virus, governments implemented lockdown measures, restricting businesses, travel, and daily activities. These restrictions resulted in a sharp decline in economic output, widespread business closures, and mass job losses. Industries such as travel, hospitality, and retail were particularly hard-hit. 3. The Russian-Ukraine War: The Russian-Ukraine war, which started in 2014, has also had economic implications. The conflict disrupted trade relations between the two countries, as well as with their trading partners. This has led to a decline in exports and imports, investment uncertainty, and decreased economic activity in both nations. The war has also affected neighboring countries and regions that have close economic ties with Ukraine and Russia. In summary, the great recent recession, the Covid-19 pandemic, and the Russian-Ukraine war have caused economic turmoil from an economic perspective. These events have resulted in declining GDP, rising unemployment, decreased consumer spending, business closures, and disrupted trade relations
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How can a prototype reduce costs and risks? Is it always true, especially for a software or an IT product? Could you elaborate your answer with logical examples?
A prototype is a rough sketch of a product or a design that is built in the early stages of the development process. A prototype can help to reduce costs and risks in several ways. A prototype can also help to reduce costs by allowing for rapid iteration and testing.
By building a prototype, designers and developers can identify design flaws and potential issues early on, before investing significant time and resources into a product that may need to be completely reworked. Identifying problems early on in the development process can help to prevent costly mistakes later on. By testing different versions of a design and making improvements based on user feedback, developers can create a product that meets the needs of users while minimizing development costs. While prototypes can be effective in reducing costs and risks, it is not always true that they will be effective for every project. In addition, some products may not lend themselves well to prototyping, such as software products that require significant backend development.
Example 1: An app development company is creating a new app for a client.
Example 2: A software company is developing a new software tool.
The company is able to address them before investing significant time and resources into development. This helps to reduce the risk of encountering technical issues later on in the development process, which can be time-consuming and costly.
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The objective of the general purpose of financial reporting is to provide financial information about the reporting entity that is useful to users: potential investors and creditors. Explain the 'relevant' characteristics of financial information needed by both users in deciding to provide resources to the entity. Support your answer with relevant examples.
The financial information must be relevant, accurate, complete, and understandable. It must also be comparable across different periods and companies.
What are the charecteristics?The following characteristics are relevant:
Relevance:
Financial information must be appropriate for the decision-making needs of users. The information should have a predictive or confirmatory value, as well as a feedback value. It should be forward-looking rather than just historical. For example, if an investor wants to know whether to invest in a particular company, financial data on that company's past profitability and potential future profits would be relevant. If a lender wants to know whether to lend to a company, financial information on its ability to pay interest and principal payments when due would be relevant.Timeliness: Financial information must be available in time to be useful. The information must be timely so that users can make informed decisions.
For example, if a stock analyst is researching a company's performance, the analyst may need the company's financial information before the end of the fiscal year.
Completeness: Financial information must be complete so that it does not mislead users. It should include all necessary information, such as all revenue, expenses, gains, and losses.
It should also include all necessary disclosures, such as contingent liabilities and related-party transactions.
Understandability: Financial information must be understandable to users who have a reasonable knowledge of business and economic activities.
Comparability: Financial information must be comparable to other companies in the same industry or to the same company over time.
This is critical to users who want to compare companies or make decisions based on trends.
For example, an investor may want to compare two companies in the same industry to decide which one to invest in.
Similarly, a lender may compare the current year's financial statements to previous years to assess the company's financial health.
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Assume that the issue will have a coupon rate of 5% with a 15 year maturity. Assume the bonds are annual coupon bonds and each have a face value of $1,000 and the required rate of return for similar bonds in the market is 4.5%. What would be the issuing price of these bonds? How many bonds will you have to issue?
The issuing price of the bonds can be calculated using the present value formula, which takes into account the coupon payments and the face value of the bond. To calculate the issuing price, we can use the following formula:
Issuing price = (Coupon payment x Present value factor) + (Face value x Present value factor)
For calculating issuing price:
1. Calculate the coupon payment: The coupon payment is the annual interest payment that the bondholder receives. In this case, the coupon rate is 5% and the face value is $1,000, so the coupon payment is $1,000 x 5% = $50.
2. Calculate the present value factor: The present value factor is a discounting factor that takes into account the time value of money. It is calculated using the required rate of return and the number of periods. In this case, the required rate of return is 4.5% and the maturity is 15 years. Using a financial calculator or a spreadsheet, we can calculate the present value factor to be 0.5718.
3. Calculate the issuing price: Using the formula mentioned earlier, we can calculate the issuing price as follows:
Issuing price = ($50 x 0.5718) + ($1,000 x 0.5718) = $28.59 + $571.80 = $600.39
Therefore, the issuing price of the bonds would be $600.39.
4. Calculate the number of bonds to issue: To calculate the number of bonds, divide the total amount of money to be raised by the issuing price. In this case, let's assume the total amount to be raised is $1,000,000.
Number of bonds = Total amount to be raised / Issuing price = $1,000,000 / $600.39 ≈ 1662 bonds
Therefore, approximately 1662 bonds will need to be issued.
In conclusion, the issuing price of the bonds would be $600.39 and approximately 1662 bonds will need to be issued.
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(Exercise 3.2 in Phaneuf and Requate) Consider an industry consisting of two firms (j=1 and 2 ) that produce a consumer good and pollution. The abatement cost and damage functions are C j
(e j
)={ 2b j
(a j
−b j
e j
) 2
,
0,
∀e j
≤ b j
a j
,a j
,b j
>0 &
otherwise
D(E)= 2
d
E 2
d>0.4 a. Determine the firms' marginal abatement cost curves. b. Determine the socially optimal allocation and level of pollution. Now let a 1
=10,b 1
=1,a 2
=12, and b 2
=0.5. Suppose the environmental authority aims to establish an aggregate emissions level of E=16 units. c. What is the unregulated market emission level for each firm? d. What is each firm's abatement cost and the aggregate abatement cost if the government requires e j
=8 for each firm? \& e. What is the tax rate the government should charge in order to achieve the target of E=16 units. What is each firm's abatement cost and the aggregate abatement cost if the government charges this tax rate? What is each firm's tax bill? f. Suppose instead the government freely issues tradable emissions permits, with each firm receiving an initial endowment of 8 units. If the permit market is competitive, what is the market price for permits? How many does each firm buy and sell? What is each firm's total cost (abatement plus permit expenses)? − g. Suppose instead the government auctions off 16 permits. What is the competitive auction price? What is each firm's total cost (abatement plus permit expenses)? What are government revenues? 4 h. What would be the per unit subsidy needed to achieve a total of E=16 units? What baseline emission level, below which firms receive a subsidy, should the government set? What is each firm's total cost (abatement plus subsidy receipts)? What is the government expenditure? 4 i. Construct a table summarizing the following for each policy option: total abatement cost, total industry cost, and government revenue (expense).
The marginal abatement cost curves for each firm are given by the following equation:Cj '(e) = 4b_j(a_j - b_je), where j = 1,2.[tex]'(e) = 4b_j(a_j - b_je), where j = 1,2[/tex]
The socially optimal allocation level of pollution, which is the aggregate emissions level that minimizes the sum of the two firms' abatement costs, is E* = 4. The socially optimal level of pollution is achieved when each firm emits E* = 2 units of pollution.c.
The unregulated market emission level for each firm is given by the following equation:E_1(0) = a_1/3 = 3.33 units of pollutionE_2(0) = a_2/3 = 4 units of pollutiond. The abatement cost for each firm can be calculated by solving the equation for e_j with E = 16.[tex]C_1(e_1) = 8b_1(a_1 - b_1e_1)²C_2(e_2) = 2b_2(a_2 - b_2e_2)²[/tex].
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In Westrum's typology of organizational cultures, he identified the least positively adapted cultures pathological. In these cultures, 'bridging' is prohibited. Bridging is defined as... seeking information from individuals outisde the department establishing relationships with persons not cleared for access to the program sharing proprietary information with individuals outside the company talking to individuals who are known whistleblowers
In Westrum's typology of organizational cultures, he identified the least positively adapted cultures as pathological. In these cultures, "bridging" is prohibited.
Bridging is defined as establishing relationships with persons not cleared for access to the program.The pathological cultures are considered the least positively adapted because the internal communications in these cultures are constrained. They lack innovation, are poorly adjusted to the environment, and do not learn from mistakes. Furthermore, the power of these cultures comes from secrecy and they are intractable to change.
The role of these cultures is to maintain the status quo and reduce external influence. In such cultures, the only communication that is encouraged is what happens vertically in the hierarchy. As a result, employees will not share information or knowledge that is useful for their tasks. This will lead to a lack of innovation and adaptation, and the organization will remain stagnant. As a result, the company's long-term success is severely affected.
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Read the case properly and answer the question You are consulting with the company x that is manufacturing and selling home furniture, how would you convince the management of the company with the capabilities of information systems to transform their business?
As a consultant, one needs to focus on the capabilities of information systems that can bring a transformation to the business of Company X, which is involved in manufacturing and selling home furniture.
There are a few ways to convince the management of Company X to embrace information systems and transform their business. The following are ways that one can convince the management of Company X to embrace information systems and transform their business:1. Highlight the benefits of information systems: The consultant needs to make the management of Company X aware of the benefits of information systems.
They can outline the ways that information systems can bring about a positive change in their business and make it more efficient. For example, information systems can help Company X to automate its manufacturing process, track inventory levels in real-time, and streamline their supply chain management.2. Discuss the cost savings: Information systems can help the company to save money in the long run.
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Please comment on the opinion ""outsourcing simply should not occur because it is unethical to lay off productive and loyal workers just to save some money"". Or What if it was your job (or your parent’s job) being outsourced?
The opinion expressed is that outsourcing should not occur because laying off productive and loyal workers is unethical to save money. Outsourcing refers to reducing costs.
When considering this opinion, it is important to note that the ethical implications of outsourcing can vary depending on the specific circumstances and perspectives involved. While some argue that outsourcing can lead to the loss of jobs and negatively impact local economies, others believe it can lead to greater efficiency and economic benefits in the long run.
In the case of a job being outsourced, it can be challenging for the affected individual or their family. Losing a job due to outsourcing can have financial and emotional consequences. However, it is also important to acknowledge that outsourcing decisions are typically made based on business considerations such as cost savings and competitiveness in the global market.
When discussing this topic, it is essential to approach the conversation with empathy and respect for differing opinions. It is valuable to consider the broader economic implications and explore potential solutions, such as retraining and providing support for affected workers, to mitigate the negative impacts of outsourcing.
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A telecom company is planning to purchase equipment and to cover its cost, it deposits annual savings of 20,000 dinars for a period of 10 years and obtains a resale value of 50,000 dinars at the end of that period. Assume that the interest rate is 9% and that savings are realized at the end of the year. Determine the present value of an investment in equipment (cost)?
Present value refers to the current worth of an asset or investment at a certain point in time. It is the amount of money one would have to invest currently to receive the anticipated future payments.
The formula for present value is:P = FV / (1 + r)nwhere P is the present value, FV is the future value, r is the interest rate, and n is the number of time periods.A telecom company is planning to buy equipment and to cover its cost, it deposits annual savings of 20,000 dinars for a period of 10 years and obtains a resale value of 50,000 dinars at the end of that period. Assuming that the interest rate is 9% and that savings are realized at the end of the year.The present value of the investment in equipment (cost) can be calculated using the following steps.
Find the present value of the resale value50,000 / (1 + 0.09)10 = 20,227.59Step 2: Find the present value of the savings.P = A * ((1 - (1 + r)-n) / r)where A is the annual savings, r is the interest rate, and n is the number of time periods.P = 20,000 * ((1 - (1 + 0.09)-10) / 0.09) = 148,703.46Step 3: Add the present values from step 1 and step 2 to find the present value of the investment in equipment.Present value = 20,227.59 + 148,703.46 = 168,931.05Therefore, the present value of the investment in equipment is 168,931.05 dinars.
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Assume you're a cow-calf operator and you locked in a price for part of the feeder cattle you expect to be selling by selling a futures contract at $69/cwt. Consider the following levels of closing futures, $91cwt, and basis, $4/cwt, at selling time. What is your net hedge price (in $/cwt)?
The net hedge price is the final price you will receive for your feeder cattle after considering the initial futures contract price and the basis at selling time. In this case, you locked in a futures contract at $69/cwt.
However, at selling time, the closing futures price is $91/cwt, and the basis is $4/cwt.
To calculate the net hedge price, we add the closing futures price to the basis:
Net Hedge Price = Futures Price + Basis
Net Hedge Price = $91/cwt + $4/cwt
The net hedge price would be $95/cwt. This means that for the part of the feeder cattle covered by the futures contract, you can expect to receive $95 per hundredweight when you sell them.
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If the US imposes a tariff on imported steel, the US producers of steel:
A. benefit and the US consumers of steel also benefit.
B. lose and the US consumers of steel benefit.
C. benefit and the US consumers of steel lose.
D. lose and the US consumers of steel also lose.
If the US imposes a tariff on imported steel, the US producers of steel- C. benefit and the US consumers of steel lose.
What is a tariff?A tariff is a tax levied by a government on goods or services imported from other countries to increase revenue or protect domestic industries from foreign competition.
As a result, the importing country's consumers must pay more for the same goods that they were previously able to purchase at a lower price, while the importing country's domestic manufacturers can raise their prices knowing that there is less competition from foreign suppliers.
When a country imposes a tariff on imported steel, the US producers of steel benefit and the US consumers of steel lose, so the correct option is C. benefit and the US consumers of steel lose.
Hence, option c. is correct.
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1. Identify the financial health of Amazon. Look at different
financial ratios
2. How can you help forecast for Amazon?
1. Financial health of Amazon:Amazon is one of the biggest e-commerce companies in the world. Its revenue has been consistently increasing. In 2020, the company's revenue was $386 billion, which was a 38% increase from the previous year.
Amazon has also been profitable in recent years, with a net income of $21.3 billion in 2020. It has a strong balance sheet, with $84.4 billion in cash and short-term investments, and total assets of $321.1 billion. The company's financial ratios also indicate good financial health. Its current ratio of 1.08 indicates that it has enough current assets to pay off its current liabilities. Its quick ratio of 0.81 is slightly lower, but still within the acceptable range.
The debt-to-equity ratio of 0.56 indicates that the company is financing its operations primarily through equity.2. Forecasting for Amazon:Forecasting for Amazon involves predicting the company's future revenue and earnings based on historical data, market trends, and other factors. One way to do this is to use financial ratios and other metrics to analyze the company's financial health and performance. For example, analysts might look at Amazon's price-to-earnings (P/E) ratio to determine whether the company's stock is overvalued or undervalued.
They might also look at the company's revenue growth rate to determine whether it is likely to continue growing at the same rate in the future. Another way to forecast for Amazon is to use machine learning algorithms and other advanced analytics tools.
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For all parts of this question, use the utility function U (X, Y ) = ln(X) + 3 ln(Y ). (a) What is the marginal utility of X? (b) What is the marginal utility of Y ? (c) What is the marginal rate of substitution of X for Y ? (d) What is the equation for the slope of the indifference curves?
The marginal utility of a good is the extra utility that a person receives from consuming an additional unit of that good while holding other factors constant
(a) In this case, the marginal utility of X is the derivative of the utility function with respect to X:
MUx = ∂U/∂X = 1/X.
(b) The marginal utility of Y is the extra utility that a person receives from consuming an additional unit of that good while holding other factors constant. In this case, the marginal utility of Y is the derivative of the utility function with respect to Y:
MUy = ∂U/∂Y = 3/Y.
(c) The marginal rate of substitution (MRS) of X for Y is the maximum amount of Y that a person is willing to give up to get an extra unit of X while keeping the same level of utility. It is equal to the absolute value of the ratio of the marginal utilities:
MRS = |MUx/MUy| = |(1/X)/(3/Y)| = Y/3X.
(d) The slope of the indifference curve represents the rate at which a person is willing to trade one good for another while keeping the same level of utility. It is equal to the negative of the marginal rate of substitution:
slope = -MRS = -Y/3X.
Thus, the equation for the slope of the indifference curves is -Y/3X.
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Suppose Capital One is advertising a 60 -month, 5.66% APR motorcycle loan. If you need to borrow $9,300 to purchase your dream Harley-Davidson, what will be your monthly payment? (Note. Be careful not to round any intermediate steps less than six decimal places) Your monthly payment will be ? (Round to the nearest cent)
To calculate the monthly payment for a motorcycle loan, we can use the formula for monthly payment on an amortizing loan:
Monthly Payment = P * r * (1 + r)^n / ((1 + r)^n - 1)
Where:
P = Principal amount borrowed ($9,300)
r = Monthly interest rate (APR / 12) = (5.66% / 12) / 100
n = Total number of monthly payments (60)
Let's calculate the monthly payment:
r = (5.66 / 12) / 100 = 0.00471667
n = 60
Monthly Payment = 9300 * 0.00471667 * (1 + 0.00471667)^60 / ((1 + 0.00471667)^60 - 1)
After evaluating the expression, the monthly payment will be approximately $178.35 (rounded to the nearest cent).
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In the Solow model with a Cobb-Douglas production function, as labor force increases,
a) Worker's wages rise
b) Worker's wages stay the same
c) Capitalist' earn less
d) share of wages in national income stays the same
e) none of the above
In the Solow model with a Cobb-Douglas production function, as labor force increases, worker's wages stay the same.
The Solow model is a neo-classical growth model that explains the long-run growth rate of an economy depending on the development of technology and changes in labor and capital.The Cobb-Douglas function describes the relationship between output and inputs for a production system. It considers two or more factors such as labor and capital to determine the output in an economy.
The function can be represented as Y = A x F(L, K) where Y represents output, L is labor, K is capital, A is total factor productivity.In the Solow model with the Cobb-Douglas production function, as labor force increases, the output also increases, but wages do not increase, rather the wages stay the same. The reason is that the capital stock and total factor productivity grow at the same rate as labor force. As a result, the share of wages in national income stays the same.In conclusion, option b) Worker's wages stay the same is the correct answer to the question.
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Please answer this question step by step so I can
understand it and cite the source! Thanks!
Cybercrime is on the rise in the modern digital world, and so is
the frequency with which companies and ind
The frequency of cybercrime has increased over time in the modern digital world. This has also led to an increase in the number of companies and individuals who are falling victim to cybercrime.
It is, therefore, essential that individuals and organizations take measures to prevent themselves from falling victim to cybercrime.What is cybercrime?According to Norton, cybercrime is any criminal activity that involves the use of a computer or network. Cybercrime can range from stealing an individual's identity to launching a coordinated cyberattack on a company's database.
It is important not to share personal information such as your Social Security number or credit card information unless you trust the recipient.6. Backing up your data. It is essential to regularly back up your data to ensure that you do not lose important information in case of a cyberattack.Cybercrime can cause significant damage to individuals and companies. However, by taking appropriate measures, you can reduce the risk of falling victim to cybercrime. Sources:https://www.nortonlifelock.com/cybercrime-definition#:~:text=Cybercrime%20is%20any%20criminal%20activity,or%20the%20internet%20itself%20(sometimes,https://www.fcc.gov/general/cybersecurity-tips
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Distinguish between legal and ethical compliance. Explain how an organisation attempts to manage ethical behaviour across borders. Kindly give a comprehensive explanation
Legal compliance is the act of abiding by legislation, guidelines, or directives laid down by regulatory authorities and governments.
Organizations that operate outside the law risk severe consequences, such as heavy fines or even imprisonment, for failing to adhere to legislation. Ethical compliance, on the other hand, refers to adherence to ethical and moral values that guide individuals' behaviour.
These ethical principles can not be legislated, and as such, ethical compliance can not be enforced through legal measures.The following are some ways in which organizations try to manage ethical behaviour across borders
:1. The development of a code of ethics for the company2. Conducting training programs for staff, which will include ethical guidelines3. Ensuring that the code of ethics and ethical principles are communicated to all stakeholders, including business associates and suppliers4. Creating a framework for managing ethical problems, like setting up a hotline for reporting unethical behaviour and appointing an ethical officer5. Working with international organizations and partners to establish industry-specific codes of conduct
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Lautaro decides to open a Soccer academy near the local college campus that will operate as a corporation. Analyze the following transactions for the month of June in terms of their effect on the basic accounting equation. Record each transaction by increasing (+) or decreasing (-) the dollar amount of each item affected. Indicate the new balance of each item after a transaction is recorded. It is not necessary to identify the cause of changes in equity. Transactions (1) Issued ordinary shares in exchange for $150,000 cash on June 1. (2) Purchased Sports equipment for $30,000 paying $12,000 in cash and the remainder due in 30 days. (3) Purchased supplies for $7,500 cash. (4) Cash receipts from customers for services performed amounted to $12,000. (5) Paid salaries of $4,200 to workers. (6) Billed customers $3,000 for services performed on account. (7) Paid dividends of $1,600. Notes: Solve on a seperate sheet and upload used the below suggested format Trans- Balance (2) Accounts Accounts Share Retained action Equipment = Capital + Earnings (1) Balance Cash Receivable + Supplies + Payable + myportal aum edu kw Lautaro decides to open a Soccer academy near the local college campus that will operate as a corporation. Analyze the following transactions for the month of June in terms of their effect on the basic accounting equation. Record each transaction by increasing (+) or decreasing (-) the dollar amount of each item affected. Indicate the new balance of each item after a transaction is recorded. It is not necessary to identify the cause of changes in equity. Transactions (1) Issued ordinary shares in exchange for $150,000 cash on June 1. (2) Purchased Sports equipment for $30,000 paying $12,000 in cash and the remainder due in 30 days. (3) Purchased supplies for $7,500 cash. (4) Cash receipts from customers for services performed amounted to $12,000. (5) Paid salaries of $4,200 to workers. (6) Billed customers $3,000 for services performed on account. (7) Paid dividends of $1,600. Notes: Solve on a seperate sheet and upload used the below suggested format Trans- Accounts Accounts Share Retained Cash Receivable + Supplies + Payable + action Equipment = Capital + Earnings
After analyzing all the transactions, the updated accounting equation shows that the company has: $146,700 in Cash, $15,000 in Accounts Receivable, $7,500 in Supplies, $30,000 in Equipment, $18,000 in Liabilities (Accounts Payable), $150,000 in Share Capital, and Retained Earnings of -$1,600.
Let's analyze each transaction and its effect on the basic accounting equation:
Transaction 1:
Issued ordinary shares in exchange for $150,000 cash on June 1.
Increase Cash by $150,000.
Increase Share Capital by $150,000.
Transaction 2:
Purchased Sports equipment for $30,000 paying $12,000 in cash and the remainder due in 30 days.
Decrease Cash by $12,000.
Increase Equipment by $30,000.
Increase Accounts Payable by $18,000 ($30,000 - $12,000).
Transaction 3:
Purchased supplies for $7,500 cash.
Decrease Cash by $7,500.
Increase Supplies by $7,500.
Transaction 4:
Cash receipts from customers for services performed amounted to $12,000.
Increase Cash by $12,000.
Increase Accounts Receivable by $12,000.
Transaction 5:
Paid salaries of $4,200 to workers.
Decrease Cash by $4,200.
Transaction 6:
Billed customers $3,000 for services performed on the account.
Increase Accounts Receivable by $3,000.
Increase Revenue (not explicitly mentioned in the equation) by $3,000.
Transaction 7:
Paid dividends of $1,600.
Decrease Cash by $1,600.
Decrease Retained Earnings by $1,600.
Here is the updated accounting equation after all the transactions:
Assets = Liabilities + Share Capital + Retained Earnings
Cash: $146,700 ($150,000 - $12,000 - $7,500 + $12,000 - $4,200 - $1,600)
Accounts Receivable: $15,000 ($12,000 + $3,000)
Supplies: $7,500
Equipment: $30,000
Liabilities: $18,000 (Accounts Payable)
Share Capital: $150,000
Retained Earnings: -$1,600
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At the beginning of the year, Mr. Lanier put $50,000 cash into Investment X. At the end of the year, he received a check for $2,800, representing his annual return on the investment. Mr. Lanier's marginal tax rate on ordinary income is 37 percent. However, his return on Investment X is a capital gain taxed at 20 percent. Compute the value of the preferential rate to Mr. Lanier.
The value of the preferential rate to Mr. Lanier is $476. This represents the amount he saves in taxes by being eligible for the lower capital gains tax rate on his investment return.
To compute the value of the preferential rate for Mr. Lanier, we need to calculate the tax savings he receives by applying the capital gains tax rate instead of the ordinary income tax rate.
1. Calculate the tax on ordinary income:
Tax on ordinary income = $2,800 (annual return) * 37% (marginal tax rate on ordinary income)
Tax on ordinary income = $1,036
2. Calculate the tax on capital gains:
Capital gains tax = $2,800 (annual return) * 20% (capital gains tax rate)
Capital gains tax = $560
3. Calculate the tax savings due to the preferential rate:
Tax savings = Tax on ordinary income - Capital gains tax
Tax savings = $1,036 - $560
Tax savings = $476
Therefore, the value of the preferential rate to Mr. Lanier is $476. This represents the amount he saves in taxes by being eligible for the lower capital gains tax rate on his investment return.
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Did this case influence your moral intensity? Why and why not? Analyze the case using John Rawl's - justice as fairness framework, what will be the outcome? Explain What advice/recommendations will you provide the leadership of Merck on the main ethical dilemma? CASE 3. Merck and River Blindness Merck & Co., Inc. is one of the world's largest pharmaceutical products and services com- panies. Headquartered in Whitehouse Station, New Jersey, Merck has over 70,000 employees and sells products and services in approxi- mately 150 countries. Merck had revenues of $47,715,700,000 in 2001, ranked 24th on the 2002 Fortune 500 list of America's largest com- panies, 62nd on the Global 500 list of the World's Largest Corporations, and 82nd on the Fortune 100 list of the Best Companies to Once Mectizan was approved for human use, Merck executives explored third-party pay ment options with the World Health Organi- zation, the U.S. Agency for International Development, and the U.S. Department of State without success. Four United States Sen- ators went so far as to introduce legislation to provide U.S. funding for the worldwide dis- tribution of Mectizan. However, their efforts were unsuccessful, no legislation was passed and, and no U.S. government funding was made available. Finally, Merck executives de- cided to manufacture and distribute the drug for free. Work For. Since 1987, Merck has manufactured and distributed over 700 million tablets of Mecti- zan at no charge. The company's decision was grounded in its core values: 1. Our business is preserving and Improving human life. 2. We are committed to the highest standards of ethics and integrity. In the late 1970s Merck research scientists discovered a potential cure for a severely debil- itating human disease known as river blindness (onchocerciasis). The disease is caused by a par- asite that enters the body through the bite of black flies that breed on the rivers of Africa and Latin America. The parasite causes severe itch- ing, disfiguring skin infections, and, finally, total and permanent blindness. In order to demon- strate that it was safe and effective, the drug needed to undergo expensive clinical trials. Ex- ecutives were concerned because they knew that those who would benefit from using it could not afford to pay for the drug, even if it was sold at cost. However, Merck research scientists argued that the drug was far too promising from a med- ical standpoint to abandon. Executives relented and a seven-year clinical trial proved the drug both efficacious and safe. A single annual dose of Mectizan, the name Merck gave to the drug. kills the parasites inside the body as well as the flies that carry the parasite. 3. We are dedicated to the highest level of scien- tific excellence and commit our research to improving human and animal health and the quality of life. 4. We expect profits, but only from work that satisfies customer needs and benefits humanity. 5. We recognize that the ability to excel-to most competitively meet society's and customers' needs-depends on the integrity, knowledge, imagination, skill, diversity, and teamwork of employees, and we value these qualities most highly. George W. Merck, the company's president from 1925 to 1950, summarized these values when he wrote, "medicine is for the people. It is not for the profits. The profits follow, and if we have remembered that, they have never failed to appear. The better we have remem- bered that, the larger they have been." Today, the Merck Mectizan Donation Pro- gram includes partnerships with numerous nongovernmental organizations, govern- mental organizations, private foundations, the World Health Organization, The World Bank, UNICEF, and the United Nations De- velopment Program. In 1998, Merck ex- panded the Mectizan Donation Program to include the prevention of elephantiasis (lym- phatic filariasis) in African countries where the disease coexists with river blindness. In total, approximately 30 million people in 32 countries are now treated annually with Mec- tizan. Merck reports that it has no idea how much the entire program has cost, but estimates that each pill is worth $1.50. The United Nations reports that river blindness may soon be eradicated. Question fact that trib uzan ma grap other dise Explai sition 4. S Gable es who are in a unique
This is because Merck's decision to provide the decision maker drug for free to people who needed it the most shows the company's high moral values. The company's decision was grounded in its core values, which demonstrates.
That Merck was not only focused on making profits but also improving the quality of life for those in need. This action to do more for those who are in need and to work towards achieving a better society. Analyzing the case using John Rawls' justice as fairness framework.
The outcome would be that Merck acted justly in its decision to provide the drug for free. The justice as fairness framework is based on two principles: the liberty principle and the difference principle. According to the liberty principle, every individual is entitled to basic liberties and freedoms. The difference principle states that social and economic inequalities should be arranged so that they benefit the least advantaged. The main ethical dilemma Merck faced was whether to continue with the development of the drug knowing that those who would benefit from using it could not afford to pay for the drug.
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Copy\%20of Forward rates and CIP The current spot exchange rate for the New Zealand Dollar per British Pound (NZD/GBP) is 1.9150. The one-year risk-free rates are 2.5% for the New Zealand Dollar and 4.0% for the British Pound. According to CIP, the no-arbitrage one-year NZD/GBP forward exchange rate is closet to: Select one alternative: 0.5222 1.9430 1.9480 1.8874
The no-arbitrage one-year NZD/GBP forward exchange rate is closest to 1.8874. Hence, option D is correct.
Current spot exchange rate for the New Zealand Dollar per British Pound (NZD/GBP) is 1.9150.
One-year risk-free rates are 2.5% for the New Zealand Dollar and 4.0% for the British Pound.
CIP (Covered Interest Rate Parity) states that the forward exchange rate should incorporate the difference in the risk-free rate in the two countries.
Now, let's calculate the one-year forward rate in NZD/GBP using the covered interest parity (CIP) formula as follows:
1 + RF (New Zealand) = (1 + RF (British) * F(1 year)) / S
where:
RF (New Zealand) = Risk-free rate of New Zealand
RF (British) = Risk-free rate of Britain
F(1 year) = One-year forward rate
S = Current spot exchange rate for NZD/GBP
The one-year forward rate is calculated as:
F(1 year) = S * (1 + RF (New Zealand)) / (1 + RF (British))
F(1 year) = 1.9150 * (1 + 0.025) / (1 + 0.04)
F(1 year) = 1.8874
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Period costs include... Factory heating and lighting Factory equipment repairs and maintenance Materials used in production The controller's salary
Period costs are also known as operating expenses or operating costs and are those that are not directly related to the production of goods.
They are incurred over a given accounting period and are deducted from revenues in the period in which they are incurred.Period costs include the controller's salary, factory heating and lighting, factory equipment repairs and maintenance, and other indirect expenses. They are not connected to the manufacturing or production process itself, unlike production costs or direct costs.Direct costs., such as materials used in production, are expensed in the period that they are incurred.Indirect expenses, such as rent, utilities, and salaries for administrative employees, are expensed over a given accounting period (generally a month or a year).
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What is the current situation in 2022 of the moment of truth in marketing and framework?
The Moment of Truth (MOT) in Marketing refers to the point when a customer interacts with a brand and forms an opinion about it.
The first moment of truth (FMOT) occurs when a customer sees a product on a store shelf, and the second moment of truth (SMOT) occurs when a customer uses the product and forms an opinion about it. The current situation in 2022 of the Moment of Truth in Marketing and Framework is that it remains a critical concept in the marketing world. It continues to help marketers understand the customer experience and their perceptions of brands.
FMOT and SMOT continue to shape how businesses create brand loyalty. The Moment of Truth Framework (MOTF) provides businesses with a way to understand their customers' buying habits and helps them better target their marketing efforts. It is the backbone of the marketing process and enables businesses to differentiate themselves in crowded marketplaces.
One significant change that has occurred in the MOTF is the addition of a third moment of truth, which occurs after a customer purchases a product. This moment of truth (TMOT) refers to a customer's online review of a product, which can influence other potential customers. TMOT has a significant impact on a business's reputation and can be used to enhance or destroy it.
In conclusion, the Moment of Truth (MOT) in Marketing and Framework continues to be a relevant concept in 2022. The addition of a third moment of truth (TMOT) reflects the importance of online reviews and customer feedback in today's digital landscape.
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why would it be problematic for a loss control consultant/representative from a Worker's Compensation insurance carrier to assume the role and persona of a governmental compliance officer when evaluating an insured company?
Assuming the role and persona of a governmental compliance officer when evaluating an insured company can be problematic for a loss control consultant/representative from a Worker's Compensation insurance carrier. This is because it would be an ethical and legal issue.
The role and persona of a governmental compliance officer are highly authoritative and would give the consultant/representative more power than they would otherwise have. This power dynamic could be abused to gain access to confidential information or coerce the company into compliance with the insurance carrier's policies.
Additionally, the consultant/representative would not have the authority or legal standing to enforce government regulations, and their actions could be considered fraudulent. It could also lead to serious consequences for the insured company, including legal action, financial penalties, and damage to their reputation, which would not be in the best interests of the insurance carrier.
Therefore, it is essential that loss control consultant/representative should not assume the role and persona of a governmental compliance officer when evaluating an insured company.
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