Answer:
d . The volume of the solvent used was less than 5 liters.
Explanation:
Hello there!
In this case, according to the given information, it turns out possible for us to calculate the volume of the stock (initial) solution by using the following equation:
[tex]M_1V_1=M_2V_2[/tex]
Thus, we solve for, V1, which stands for the aforementioned volume of stock solution:
[tex]V_1=\frac{M_2V_2}{M_1}[/tex]
Then, we plug in to obtain:
[tex]V_1=\frac{5L*1M}{10M}\\\\V_1=0.5L[/tex]
Now, since the final volume was 5 L, we can infer that the volume of solvent is 4.5 L and that of the stock solution 0.5 L for a total of 5 L of diluted solution; therefore, the correct reasoning is d . The volume of the solvent used was less than 5 liters.
Regards!
Answer:
The volume of the solvent is less than 5
Explanation:
Is the bond formed between each pair of atoms pure covalent (a.k.a. nonpolar covalent), polar covalent, or ionic?
(a) I and I (b) Cs and Br (c) P and O
Electronegativity
Which of the following sets of elements is in the correct order of increasing atomic radius (smallest one first, etc.)?
A) Ga, Ge, As
B) B, Al, Ga
C) I, Br, Cl D) As, S, P E) P, S, C
Answer:
So, look up for electronegativity table
There's a continuum for deciding whether the bond is non-polar, polar, or ionic
If electronegativity difference is less than 0.4 it's non-polar
Explanation:
Pls vote my answer as brainliest
what is the colour of alkali
Answer: blue
Explanation:
The colours from yellow to red indicate an acidic solution, colours blue to violet indicate alkali and green colour indicates that a solution is neutral.
where do all forms of energy except nuclear fission come from
Fission, the splitting of uranium atoms, is the source of nuclear energy. This produces heat that creates steam, which a turbine generator uses to produce power. Nuclear power stations do not emit greenhouse gases since they do not burn fuel.
What is nuclear energy ?The energy found in an atom's nucleus, or core, is referred to as nuclear energy. All everything in the cosmos is made up of microscopic building blocks called atoms, and the nucleus is held together by energy. The compact nucleus of an atom has a tremendous amount of energy.
Atoms may generate enormous amounts of energy through two physical processes called fission and fusion. Through nuclear reactions, they produce millions of times more energy than conventional sources.
Nuclear fusion occurs in the sun and produces solar energy. In the sun's core, fusion happens when the protons of colliding hydrogen atoms fuse to form helium atoms.
Thus, Fission, the splitting of uranium atoms, is the source of nuclear energy.
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The student adds 0.0010 mol of NaOH(s) to solution Y, and adds 0.0010 mol of NaOH(s) to solution Z. Assume that the volume of each solution does not change when the NaOH(s) is added. The pH of solution Y changes much more than the pH of solution Z changes. Explain this observation.
Answer:
The answer is in the explanation.
Explanation:
A buffer is defined as the aqueous mixture of a weak acid and its conjugate base or vice versa. Buffers are able to avoid the pH change of a solution when strong acid or bases are added (As NaOH).
Based on the experiment, it is possible that the solution Z was a buffer and Y another kind of solution. For this reson, pH of the solution Y changes much more than the pH of solution Z changes despite the amount of NaOH added is the same in both solutions.
Compounds X and Y both have the formula C7H14. Both X and Y react with one molar equivalent of hydrogen in the presence of a palladium catalyst to form 2-methylhexane. The heat of hydrogenation of X is greater than that of Y. Both X and Y react with HCl to give the same single C7H15Cl compound as the major product. What is the structure of X?
Answer:
See explanation and image attached
Explanation:
Alkenes undergo hydrogenation to give the corresponding alkanes. Where the structure of the original alkene is unknown, we can deduce the structure of the alkene from the structure of the products obtained when it undergoes various chemical reactions.
Now, the fact that we obtained 2-methylhexane upon hydrogenation and the two compounds had different heats of hydrogenation means that the two compounds were geometric isomers. The original compounds must have been cis-2-methyl-3-hexene and trans-2-methyl-3-hexene.
When reacted with HCl, the same compound C7H15Cl is formed because the stereo chemistry is removed.
However, we know that the trans isomer is more stable than the cis isomer hence the cis isomer always has a higher heat of hydrogenation than the trans isomer. Thus X is cis-2-methyl-3-hexene.
Determine whether the compounds below could be used to prepare an buffer solution. Items (6 items) (Drag and drop into the appropriate area below) acetic acid Ka-1.8x10-5 ammonia Kb= 1.8x10 carbonic acid Ka-4.3x107 chlorous acid: calcium Ka-1.1x10-2 sulfuric acid hydroxide Categories CANNOT be used Drag and drop here Drag and drop here
Answer:
Acetic acid, carbonic acid and chlorous acid with calcium hydroxide
Ammonia with sulfuric acid
Explanation:
A buffer is an aqueous mixture of a weak acid and its conjugate base or vice versa.
Weak acids reacts with strong bases to produce the conjugate base. In the right amount, you can produce a buffer. In the same way, you can produce a buffer from the mixture of weak bases with strong acids.
In the problem, you have weak acids (acetic acid, carbonic acid, chlorous acid), one weak base (ammonia), one strong base (calcium hydroxide) and one strong acid (Sulfuric acid).
Thus, the mixtures that can produce a buffer are:
Acetic acid, carbonic acid and chlorous acid with calcium hydroxide
And:
Ammonia with sulfuric acid
Intramolecular forces of attraction are important in holding large molecules together.
a. True
b. False
Answer:
False. Intermolecular forces of attraction are important in holding large molecules together.
Explanation:
Within a molecule, atoms are held together by intramolecular forces. That is, intramolecular forces are the attractive forces that hold the atoms or ions that make up chemical substances (elements and compounds) together, forming a chemical bond.
On the other hand, intermolecular forces are those that act on different molecules or ions and that make them attract or repel each other. In other words, intermolecular forces are those that occur between the different molecules of a compound, and cause these molecules or ions to attract or repel each other.
So, intermolecular forces of attraction are important in holding large molecules together.
Which substance will form a solution when mixed in liquid water?
A. He(g)
B. NH3(l)
C. SiO2(s)
D. C5H12(l)
Answer:
B. NH₃ (l) dissolves in water to form a solution
Explanation:
A solution is a uniform or homogenous mixture of two or more substances. The components of a solution are the solute and solvent. The solute is the substance that is being dissolved in another substance. The solvent is the substance which dissolves the solute.
Mixing the given solutes in water results innthe following:
A. Helium being an inert gas does not dissolve in water at all. Therefore, no solution is formed.
B. Liquid ammonia is very solution in water. When mixed with water, it dissolves in water to form aqueous ammonia solution. Aqueous ammonia is an alkaline solution of ammonia dissolved in water.
C. Silicon (iv) oxide, SiO₂, is a crystalline solid whichnis completely insoluble in water. Mixing it with water does not result in the formation of a solution.
D. Pentane, C₅H₁₂, is a liquid hydrocarbon substance which is insoluble in water. It does not mix with water to form a solution, rather it forms two separate immiscible layers of liquids.
What is the direction and magnitude of the net dipole of CCl2F2
Answer:
Given molecule is CCl2F2.
What is the direction and magnitude of the net dipole of CCl2F2?
Explanation:
Dipole moment is a vector quantity.
The arrow end starts from a less electronegative atom and directs towards the more electronegative atom.
In the given molecule,
CCl2F2,
the central atom is carbon with sp3 hybridsation and there are no lone pairs on the central atom.
The molecule is tetrahedral but it is asymmetrical.
Because all the four bonded atoms are not same and there exists an electronegativity difference between F and Cl.
Hence, there exists a net dipole moment for the given molecule and the molecule is polar.
Who at the top of the food web
Answer and Explanation:
Humans are one of the organisms at the top of a food web. Other animals are Orcas, Lions, Raptors, and others. These animals are called Ape.x Predators, because they are at the top of the food web.
#teamtrees #PAW (Plant And Water)
We can determine the potential of a single electrode by:____________.
a. attaching it to a voltmeter
b. determining the electronegativity of its component elements
c. measuring its mass
d. none of the above
Answer:
d. none of the above
Explanation:
An electrochemical cell consists of two half-cells, with each cell containing an electrode.
The potential of a single electrode in a half-cell is called the Single electrode potential.
The emf of a cell that consists of two half-cells can be determined by connecting them to a voltmeter.
However, there is no way of measuring the emf of a single half-cell directly.
The only way to determine the emf of a single electrode is to combine it with a standard hydrogen electrode (SHE) and measure it with a voltmeter.
Therefore, the correct option is D "none of the above"
An electrochemical cell consists of two half-cells, with each cell containing an electrode.
What is an electrochemical cell?
An electrochemical cell is a device that can generate electrical energy from the chemical reactions occurring in it, or use the electrical energy supplied to it to facilitate chemical reactions in it.
The potential of a single electrode in a half-cell is called the Single electrode potential.The emf of a cell that consists of two half-cells can be determined by connecting them to a voltmeter.
The only way to determine the emf of a single electrode is to combine it with a standard hydrogen electrode (SHE) and measure it with a voltmeter.
Hence the correct option is D.
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What method is used to removed the unreacted copper (II) carbonate?
Answer:
Filtration
Explanation:
Metal carbonate is insoluble, it is possible to filter off the unreacted substances leaving the desired salt solution
which of the following elements are more reactive than the others.
A. calcium (Ca)
B. Magnesium (Mg)
C. potassium (K)
D. Sodium (Na)
Answer: c potassium.
Explanation:
potassium is the most reactive metal among the given options.
D is absolutely wrong.
Classify each phrase according to whether it applies to photophosphorylation, oxidative phosphorylation, or both
Photophosphorylation Oxidative phosphorylation Both
1. occurs in plants produces ATP
2. occurs in chloroplasts
3. occurs in mitochondria
4. involves a larger electrical component
5. involves a smaller electrical component
6. involves a proton gradient
Answer:
1. Both
2. Phosphorylation
3. Both
4. Phosphorylation
5. Oxidative.
6. Both
Explanation:
Phosphorylation only occurs in chloroplast and it involves larger electrical component. Both Phosphorylation and oxidative occurs in mitochondria and it involves proton gradient. They occur in plants to produce ATP. Oxidative involves in smaller electrical component.
Photophosphorylation is a process that captures the solar energy from the sun to transform it into chemical energy. It occurs in the chloroplast of a plant cell.
What are photophosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation?Photophosphorylation is a process of converting solar energy from the sun to ATP needed by plants and other organisms for cellular function and activity. This process takes place in the chloroplast of the plant cell and requires electrical components.
Oxidative Phosphorylation is the process of producing ATP with the help of oxygen and enzymes hence, occurs in aerobic cells. It does not need a larger electrical component.
Both phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the mitochondria of plants cells and involves a proton gradient for the formation of ATP.
Therefore, oxidative phosphorylation option 5. involves a smaller electrical component, phosphorylation option 2. occurs in the chloroplast, and option 4. needs a larger electrical component.
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How many significant figures are in a measurement of 28.050 km?
Answer:
has 5, ans 3 decimals.
thats as simple as i can put it.
Difference between the hydrocarbons...Need help asap
Explanation:
Hydrocarbons are defined as organic compounds which are only made from carbon and hydrogen atoms.
There are mainly 3 types of hydrocarbons:
Alkanes are the type of hydrocarbons where a single bond is present between the carbon atoms. The general formula for these is [tex]C_nH_{2n+2}[/tex], where 'n' is the number of carbon atoms.Alkenes are the type of hydrocarbons where at least one double bond is present between the carbon atoms. The general formula for these is [tex]C_nH_{2n}[/tex], where 'n' is the number of carbon atoms.Alkynes are the type of hydrocarbons where at least one triple bond is present between the carbon atoms. The general formula for these is [tex]C_nH_{2n-2}, where 'n' is the number of carbon atoms.HI(aq)+H2O(l)→ H3O+(aq)+I−(aq)
Match the words to the appropriate blanks in the below sentences.
a. The Bronsted-Lowry ace is :_________
b. The Bronsted-Lowry base is :_________
c. The conjugate acid is :_________
d. The conjugate base is:________
1. H2O(l)
2. HI(aq)
3. I^-
4. H2O^+
Answer:
Given chemical reaction is:
HI(aq)+H2O(l)→ H3O+(aq)+I−(aq)
a. The Bronsted-Lowry ace is :_________
b. The Bronsted-Lowry base is :_________
c. The conjugate acid is :_________
d. The conjugate base is:________
Explanation:
According to Bronsted-Lowry acid-base theory,
an acid is a substance, that is a proton donor.
A base is a proton acceptor.
The conjugate acid is formed from the base after gaining a proton.
The conjugate base is formed from the acid after losing a proton.
For the given reaction,
a. The Bronsted-Lowry acid is :__HI(aq)_______
b. The Bronsted-Lowry base is :_H2O(l)________
c. The conjugate acid is :___H3O+(aq)______
d. The conjugate base is:___I-(aq)_____.
Answer:
Explanation:
Bronsted -Lawry acid are hydrogen ion donators . Here HI is Bronsted -Lawry acid.
HI ⇄ H⁺ + I⁻
Bronsted -Lawry base are those which can accept hydrogen ion .
I⁻ + H⁺ ⇄ HI .
Conjugate acid -base pair are shown below .
H₃O⁺ = H⁺ + H₂O .
conjugate acid conjugate base .
( strong acid ) ( weak base )
6. Calculate the percent yield when 0.631 g of precipitate is collected from the reaction of 35.0 mL of 0.100 M silver nitrate and 45.0 mL of 0.0800 M sodium bromide. Use the solubility rules to determine the identity of the precipitate.
Answer:
[tex]Y=96.0\%[/tex]
Explanation:
Hello there!
In this case, considering the reaction between silver nitrate and sodium bromide, whereby sodium nitrate and silver bromide are produced:
[tex]NaBr+AgNO_3\rightarrow NaNO_3+AgBr[/tex]
By bearing to mind the solubility rules, we infer the precipitate is silver bromide, whose moles are computed by using the molarity and volume of each reactant and then decide the correct value according to the limiting reactant:
[tex]n_{AgBr}=0.0350L*0.100molAgNO_3*\frac{1molAgBr}{1molAgNO_3}=0.00350mol AgBr\\\\n_{AgBr}=0.0450L*0.080molNaBr*\frac{1molAgBr}{1molNaBr}=0.0036molAgBr[/tex]
Thus, since sodium nitrate produces the smallest theoretical yield, we calculate the grams of silver nitrate precipitate by using the 0.00350 moles and its molar mass (187.77g/mol):
[tex]m=0.00350molAgBr*\frac{187.77gAgBr}{1molAgBr}=0.657g[/tex]
And finally the percent yield:
[tex]Y=\frac{0.631g}{0.657g}*100\%\\\\Y=96.0\%[/tex]
Regards!
1 gallon =3.785 L how many liters of gasoline will fill a 10.00 tank
Answer:
37.85 L
Explanation:
3.785 x 10.00 = 37.85 L
it would take 37.85 L to fill a 10.00 tank
(sorry if im wrong pls dont report)
(hope this helps can i plz have brainlist :D hehe)
Choose the atom that has the largest atomic radius.
a. Cl
b. S
c. Na
d. Si
Answer:
the correct answer is option C. Na
What is the density, to the nearest hundredths, of a metal with a volume of 3.00 cm3 and a mass of 8.13 g? Record your answer and fill in the bubbles on your answer document. Be sure to use the correct place values.
Answer:
2.7
Explanation:
I’m confused on this review question
Answer:
1.58×10¯⁷ M.
Explanation:
From the question given above, the following data were obtained:
pH = 6.8
Concentration of hydronium ion [H₃O⁺] =?
The pH of a solution is given by the following equation:
pH = –Log [H₃O⁺]
With the above formula, we can obtain the concentration of hydronium ion [H₃O⁺] as follow:
pH = 6.8
Concentration of hydronium ion [H₃O⁺] =?
pH = –Log [H₃O⁺]
6.8 = –Log [H₃O⁺]
Multiply both side by by –1
–6.8 = Log [H₃O⁺]
Take the anti log of –6.8
[H₃O⁺] = antilog (–6.8)
[H₃O⁺] = 1.58×10¯⁷ M
Therefore, the concentration of hydronium ion [H₃O⁺] in the solution is 1.58×10¯⁷ M.
Identify each of the following as endothermic or exothermic.
a. Water in a pond evaporates.
b. Methane gas burns on a stove top.
c. Water freezes to form ice.
d. Energy flows from the system to the surroundings.
e. Energy flows from the surroundings to the system.
Answer:
Identify each of the following as endothermic or exothermic.
a. Water in a pond evaporates.
b. Methane gas burns on a stovetop.
c. Water freezes to form ice.
d. Energy flows from the system to the surroundings.
e. Energy flows from the surroundings to the system.
Explanation:
An exothermic reaction is the one in which heat energy is released.
An endothermic reaction is one in which heat energy is absorbed.
a. Water in a pond evaporates.
This process absorbs heat energy.
Hence, this is an example of an endothermic process.
b. Methane gas burns on a stovetop and release heat energy and hence this is an example of an exothermic reaction.
c. Water freezes to form ice.
In this process heat energy is released.So this is an example of exothermic reaction.
d. Energy flows from the system to the surroundings.
That means heat energy is released into the surroundings.
So, this is an example of exothermic process.
e. Energy flows from the surroundings to the system.
That means energy is absorbed by the system.
So, it is an endothermic process.
Calculate number of silver atoms in
pure,
silver bracelet that
mass of 330, CAg=108. Na = 6.02x 10²3)
has
a
Answer:
[tex]1.84x10^{24}atoms[/tex]
Explanation:
Hello there!
In this case, according to the given information, it turns out possible for us to calculate the number of silver atoms in 330 grams of a silver bracelet by knowing 1 mole of silver has a mass of 108 grams and also contains 6.022x10²³ atoms; thus, the mathematical setup is shown below:
[tex]330g*\frac{1mol}{108g}*\frac{6.022x10^{23}atoms}{1mol}[/tex]
Which is equal to:
[tex]1.84x10^{24}atoms[/tex]
Regards!
Using the formation of formaldehyde as a model, comment on photosynthesis and the formation of sugars using what we know about entropy and free energy.
Answer:
It produces free energy.
Explanation:
Photosynthesis is a process which is used by the plant for producing energy in the form of ATP. This energy is used by the plants in different activities which enables the plant to grow and develop successfully. There are some factors which causes change in the rate of photosynthesis means the production of energy for the plant body. If the environmental factors are suitable, more energy is produced through the process of photosynthesis.
PLEASE SOMEONE HELP ASAP: why does alcohol dissolve permanent marker
Explanation:
Isopropyl alcohol is the solvent used in whiteboard markers. When it comes into contact with the permanent marker, the solvent breaks the cohesive force between the ink molecules and the whiteboard by solubilising them (i.e. returning them to solution).
When the following aqueous solutions are mixed together, a precipitate forms. Balance the net ionic equation in standard form for the reaction that occurs and determine the sum of the coefficients.
Sodium sulfide and silver nitrate - 3 or 4
Lead(II) nitrate and sodium chloride -3 or 4
Calcium nitrate and potassium carbonate - 3or 4
Barium nitrate and sodium hydroxide -3 or 4
Silver nitrate and sodium chloride -3 or 4
Answer:
For (a): The balanced net ionic equation is [tex]2Ag^{+}(aq)+S^{2-}(aq)\rightarrow Ag_2S(s)[/tex] and the sum of coefficients is 4
For (b): The balanced net ionic equation is [tex]Pb^{2+}(aq)+2Cl^{-}(aq)\rightarrow PbCl_2(s)[/tex] and the sum of coefficients is 4
For (c): The balanced net ionic equation is [tex]Ca^{2+}(aq)+CO_3^{2-}(aq)\rightarrow CaCO_3(s)[/tex] and the sum of coefficients is
For (d): The balanced net ionic equation is [tex]Ba^{2+}(aq)+2OH^{-}(aq)\rightarrow Ba(OH)_2(s)[/tex] and the sum of coefficients is 4
For (e): The balanced net ionic equation is [tex]Ag^{+}(aq)+Cl^{-}(aq)\rightarrow AgCl(s)[/tex] and the sum of coefficients is 3
Explanation:
Net ionic equation is defined as the equations in which spectator ions are not included.
Spectator ions are the ones that are present equally on the reactant and product sides. They do not participate in the reaction.
For (a): Sodium sulfide and silver nitrateThe balanced molecular equation is:
[tex]Na_2S(aq)+2AgNO_3(aq)\rightarrow 2NaNO_3(aq)+Ag_2S(s)[/tex]
The complete ionic equation follows:
[tex]2Na^{+}(aq)+S^{2-}(aq)+2Ag^+(aq)+2NO_3^{-}(aq)\rightarrow 2Na^+(aq)+2NO_3^-(aq)+Ag_2S(s)[/tex]
As sodium and nitrate ions are present on both sides of the reaction. Thus, they are considered spectator ions.
The net ionic equation follows:
[tex]2Ag^{+}(aq)+S^{2-}(aq)\rightarrow Ag_2S(s)[/tex]
Sum of the coefficients = [2 + 1 + 1] = 4
For (b): Lead(II) nitrate and sodium chlorideThe balanced molecular equation is:
[tex]2NaCl(aq)+Pb(NO_3)_2(aq)\rightarrow 2NaNO_3(aq)+PbCl_2(s)[/tex]
The complete ionic equation follows:
[tex]2Na^{+}(aq)+2Cl^{-}(aq)+Pb^{2+}(aq)+2NO_3^{-}(aq)\rightarrow 2Na^+(aq)+2NO_3^-(aq)+PbCl_2(s)[/tex]
As sodium and nitrate ions are present on both sides of the reaction. Thus, they are considered spectator ions.
The net ionic equation follows:
[tex]Pb^{2+}(aq)+2Cl^{-}(aq)\rightarrow PbCl_2(s)[/tex]
Sum of the coefficients = [2 + 1 + 1] = 4
For (c): Calcium nitrate and potassium carbonateThe balanced molecular equation is:
[tex]K_2CO_3(aq)+Ca(NO_3)_2(aq)\rightarrow 2KNO_3(aq)+CaCO_3(s)[/tex]
The complete ionic equation follows:
[tex]2K^{+}(aq)+CO_3^{2-}(aq)+Ca^{2+}(aq)+2NO_3^{-}(aq)\rightarrow 2K^+(aq)+2NO_3^-(aq)+CaCO_3(s)[/tex]
As potassium and nitrate ions are present on both sides of the reaction. Thus, they are considered spectator ions.
The net ionic equation follows:
[tex]Ca^{2+}(aq)+CO_3^{2-}(aq)\rightarrow CaCO_3(s)[/tex]
Sum of the coefficients = [1 + 1 + 1] = 3
For (d): Barium nitrate and sodium hydroxideThe balanced molecular equation is:
[tex]2NaOH(aq)+Ba(NO_3)_2(aq)\rightarrow 2NaNO_3(aq)+Ba(OH)_2(s)[/tex]
The complete ionic equation follows:
[tex]2Na^{+}(aq)+2OH^{-}(aq)+Ba^{2+}(aq)+2NO_3^{-}(aq)\rightarrow 2Na^+(aq)+2NO_3^-(aq)+Ba(OH)_2(s)[/tex]
As sodium and nitrate ions are present on both sides of the reaction. Thus, they are considered spectator ions
The net ionic equation follows:
[tex]Ba^{2+}(aq)+2OH^{-}(aq)\rightarrow Ba(OH)_2(s)[/tex]
Sum of the coefficients = [2 + 1 + 1] = 4
For (e): Silver nitrate and sodium chlorideThe balanced molecular equation is:
[tex]NaCl(aq)+AgNO_3(aq)\rightarrow NaNO_3(aq)+AgCl(s)[/tex]
The complete ionic equation follows:
[tex]Na^{+}(aq)+Cl^{-}(aq)+Ag^{+}(aq)+NO_3^{-}(aq)\rightarrow Na^+(aq)+NO_3^-(aq)+AgCl(s)[/tex]
As sodium and nitrate ions are present on both sides of the reaction. Thus, they are considered spectator ions.
The net ionic equation follows:
[tex]Ag^{+}(aq)+Cl^{-}(aq)\rightarrow AgCl(s)[/tex]
Sum of the coefficients = [1 + 1 + 1] = 3
Alkanes react with nitric acid to give what?
Answer:
The polyoxometalates initially abstract the hydrogen of the alkane to form the alkyl radical and the reduced polyoxometalates. The reduced polyoxometalates subsequently react with nitric acid to produce the oxidized form and nitrogen dioxide.
Explanation:
Match the description with either a dehydration reaction or a hydrolysis reaction.
1. Water is used to split a compound into two parts.
2. Water is a product in this reaction.
3. Synthesis reaction
4. Decomposition reaction
Answer:
1) Hydrolysis
2)Dehydration
3)Dehydration
4)Hydrolysis
Explanation:
Hydrolysis is the chemical breakdown of substances by water and depends on the chemistry, solubility, pH, and the oxidation–reduction (Eh or redox) potential of compound
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/hydrolysis
With hydrolysis water will be a reactant, not a product, and is associated with breaking down substances. Hence 1 and 4 being a Hydrolysis reaction.
Dehydration on the other hand, is defined as :
In a dehydration reaction, either a hydroxyl group from one molecule combines with a hydrogen atom from the other molecule, or two hydrogen atoms from one molecule combine with an oxygen atom on the other molecule. In either case, water is released, and the two molecules are joined together.
https://www.albert.io/blog/dehydration-synthesis-ap-biology-crash-course/
Therefore it is associated with creating a bond of sorts, and water is a product, which is why 2 and 3 are dehydration.
Hope this helps!
The matching of the description with either a dehydration reaction or a hydrolysis reaction is as follows:
Water is used to split a compound into two parts: Hydrolysis reaction. Water is a product in this reaction: Dehydration reaction.Synthesis reaction: Dehydration reaction.Decomposition reaction: Hydrolysis reaction. What is a Dehydration reaction?A Dehydration reaction may be defined as a type of chemical reaction that significantly involves the elimination or removal of water from the reactant molecules. In this type of reaction, water is definitely one of the products.
Hydrolysis reaction is just opposite to the dehydration reaction. It is also known as hydration reaction. It is a type of decomposition reaction that involves water as reactant. It is a type of chemical reaction in which a molecule of water stimulates and breaks one or more chemical bonds in the entire reaction.
Therefore, the matching of the description with either a dehydration reaction or a hydrolysis reaction is well described above.
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Explain why each of the following names is incorrect
(a) 2,2-Dimethyl-6-ethylheptane
(b) 4-Ethyl-5,5-dimethylpentane
(c) 3-Ethyl-4,4-dimethylhexane
(d) 5,5,6-Trimethyloctane
(e) 2-Isopropyl-4-methylheptane
Explanation:
Alkanes are the hydrocarbons in which single bonds are present between the carbon atoms
The suffix for alkane hydrocarbons used is '-ane'. The rules to write the nomenclature of alkanes follows:
Select the longest possible continuous carbon chain and it will be the parent chainNumbering is done as such that the alkyl substituents are given the lowest numberIf different alkyl groups are present, they are written in an alphabetical order irrespective of their position in the carbon chainIf two or more similar alkyl groups are present, the words, di, tri, tetra, and so on are used to specify the number of times alkyl groups appearIf two or more alkyl groups are present and the branching occurs, the numbering is done which gives the minimum possible number to all the substituentsFor the given options:
(a) 2,2-Dimethyl-6-ethylheptane
The longest possible carbon chain has 8 carbon atoms (prefix used is 'oct-') and not 7(prefix used is 'hept-').
Thus, the correct IUPAC name will be 2,2,6-trimethyloctane.
(b) 4-Ethyl-5,5-dimethylpentane
The longest possible carbon chain has 6 carbon atoms (prefix used is 'hex-') and not 5(prefix used is 'pent-').
Thus, the correct IUPAC name will be 4-isopropylhexane.
(c) 3-Ethyl-4,4-dimethylhexane
The substituents are not given the minimum possible number. Total sum of the number in original compound = [4 + 4 + 3] = 11
But, if both the methyl groups are placed at 3rd position, then total sum of the number = [3 + 3 + 4] = 10
Thus, the correct IUPAC name will be 4-ethyl-3,3-dimethylhexane
(d) 5,5,6-Trimethyloctane
The substituents are not given the minimum possible number. Total sum of the number in original compound = [5 + 5 + 6] = 16
But, if both the methyl groups are placed at 3rd position and 4th position, then total sum of the number = [3 + 3 + 4] = 10
Thus, the correct IUPAC name will be 3,3,4-trimethyloctane
(e) 2-Isopropyl-4-methylheptane
The longest possible carbon chain has 8 carbon atoms (prefix used is 'oct-') and not 7 (prefix used is 'hept-').
Thus, the correct IUPAC name will be 2,3,5-trimethyloctane
The structures of the compounds are attached below.