Broca's area is located in the dominant hemisphere of the brain, specifically in the posterior part of the frontal lobe, in the left hemisphere for most right-handed individuals and in either hemisphere for some left-handed individuals.
Broca's area, named after French physician Pierre Paul Broca, is a critical region involved in language production and speech. It is primarily located in the posterior part of the frontal lobe, specifically in the frontal cortex. More specifically, Broca's area is situated in the left hemisphere of the brain for most right-handed individuals.
In left-handed individuals, it can be found in either the left or right hemisphere, although the left hemisphere is still the dominant location for language processing in the majority of left-handed individuals. Broca's area is typically localized in the posterior part of the frontal lobe, adjacent to the lateral sulcus (also known as the Sylvian fissure) and just above the lateral ventricles.
It is anatomically connected to other brain regions involved in language processing, such as Wernicke's area in the temporal lobe, through a network known as the language loop. Understanding the precise location of Broca's area is crucial in comprehending its role in language production and related cognitive functions.
Its placement in the frontal lobe, particularly in the dominant hemisphere, highlights its significance in speech articulation, grammar processing, and language fluency.
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Page 23 in NPSP shows the spectrum of normalcy for the 14 personality styles identified within that book. The traits: vigilant, idiosyncratic and solitary correspond with which PDs (on that page)? Read the characteristics/traits of those 3 styles (first page of each corresponding chapter in NPSP) and then compare those traits to the symptoms listed in the DSM for the corresponding PDs (those are in a separate module if you need to reference them).
Write one to two paragraphs for each PD comparing the traits of the styles to the DSM criteria. What similarities do you see? Where are the differences? What kinds of environmental factors may have an influence in turning somewhat normal traits into pathological symptoms. How can you tell when a normal traits becomes pathological or better yet, how do you know when someone's personality has become disorders?
Page 23 of the book ‘New Personality Self-Portrait’ (NPSP) displays the spectrum of normalcy for the 14 personality styles that the book identifies. The personality styles of vigilant, idiosyncratic, and solitary correspond to the following PDs on the same page: paranoid, schizotypal, and schizoid, respectively.
The characteristics of the vigilant personality style, such as being guarded, suspicious, and having difficulty trusting others, are similar to the DSM criteria for Paranoid Personality Disorder. Paranoid PD is characterized by a pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others, as well as a reluctance to confide in others due to unwarranted fears of harm or betrayal.
The idiosyncratic personality style is characterized by having unusual ideas, experiences, and beliefs, as well as odd behavior and appearance. These traits are similar to the DSM criteria for Schizotypal Personality Disorder. Schizotypal PD is characterized by a pervasive pattern of social and interpersonal deficits, as well as eccentricities in behavior, thinking, and appearance.
The solitary personality style is characterized by being emotionally distant, indifferent to the praise or criticism of others, and preferring solitary activities. These traits are similar to the DSM criteria for Schizoid Personality Disorder. Schizoid PD is characterized by a pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationships, as well as restricted emotional expression in interpersonal settings.
The similarities between the personality traits and the DSM criteria for each PD suggest that the traits can become pathological when they are pervasive, inflexible, and maladaptive, causing significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other areas of functioning. Environmental factors such as trauma, abuse, neglect, or invalidation may also contribute to the development or exacerbation of PD symptoms.
To differentiate normal traits from pathological symptoms, one must consider the frequency, intensity, duration, and context of the traits or behaviors in question, as well as the degree of distress or impairment they cause to the individual or others. A clinical evaluation by a qualified mental health professional using reliable and valid assessment tools is necessary to diagnose a personality disorder.
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Kayla recalled that when she was 8 years old, she rode on the
family’s pet horse. Kayla’s grandfather stated that although the
family did have a pet horse, it was impossible for Kayla to have
this
Kayla's memory of riding the family's pet horse at the age of 8 contradicts her grandfather's statement.
In this situation, there is a discrepancy between Kayla's memory and her grandfather's statement. Kayla vividly recalls riding the family's pet horse at the age of 8, while her grandfather insists that this was impossible. This suggests a disagreement or miscommunication between the two parties regarding the existence or availability of the pet horse during that time.
Memory can be subjective and influenced by various factors such as time, perception, and individual interpretation. It is possible that Kayla's memory is accurate, and she did ride the family's pet horse, while her grandfather may have a different recollection or is not aware of that specific event. Alternatively, it's also possible that Kayla's memory may be distorted or influenced by other factors, leading to a misremembering of the past. The discrepancy between the two accounts highlights the complexities of memory and the potential for differences in individual recollections of past events.
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In 200-300 words explain:
In your own words, how do you define intersectionality? How does
intersectionality help us understand individual women's health
needs across the lifespan? Why do you think it
Answer:
Intersectionality is a concept that recognizes how different aspects of a person's identity intersect and interact, leading to unique experiences of discrimination and privilege. It helps us understand individual women's health needs across the lifespan by acknowledging that women's experiences are shaped by multiple factors such as race, ethnicity, class, sexual orientation, and disability. Each of these factors contributes to the complex and multidimensional challenges women face, impacting their health outcomes.
For instance, a black woman may encounter barriers in accessing healthcare due to both gender and racial discrimination, leading to disparities in prenatal care, maternal health, and overall healthcare access. Similarly, a disabled woman may face difficulties in accessing appropriate healthcare services tailored to her specific needs.
Understanding intersectionality allows us to analyze the overlapping systems of oppression that affect women's health. It helps identify structural inequalities and social determinants of health that influence different groups of women. By considering these intersecting factors, we can develop more comprehensive approaches to women's health that address their diverse needs and experiences.
Intersectionality is important because it recognizes the complexity of women's experiences, challenging simplistic approaches. It promotes a more inclusive understanding of women's health, emphasizing the need to address multiple forms of discrimination simultaneously. By centering intersectionality in our analysis and interventions, we can strive for equitable healthcare systems that promote the well-being of all women, regardless of their intersecting identities.
How
dis Immigration impact the growth of NYc? what were the auses of
immigration in the 19th century? where did immigrants settle?
Between 1860 and 1920, the city experienced a massive influx of immigrants from Europe and other parts of the world, which resulted in the rapid growth of its population and economy.
The immigrants contributed to the city's industrial development, and the city provided opportunities for them to earn a living and improve their lives. However, the influx of immigrants also led to some challenges and social tensions.
The causes of immigration in the 19th century The main causes of immigration in the 19th century were economic hardship, political oppression, and religious persecution in the immigrants' home countries. Many immigrants came to the US in search of better economic opportunities.
They were attracted by the promise of high-paying jobs in the country's growing industrial sector. Others were fleeing political oppression and religious persecution in their home countries. They saw the US as a land of freedom and opportunity where they could start a new life.
The immigrants settled in different parts of NYC depending on their national origin and social status. Many immigrants settled in the Lower East Side, which was known as the "gateway to America." This area was a melting pot of cultures and languages and was home to many working-class immigrants.
The Upper East Side and the Upper West Side were more affluent areas, and many wealthy immigrants settled there. The Harlem neighborhood was also a popular destination for African American and Caribbean immigrants.
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Which of the following will contribute to a finding being statistically significant? a. A smaller F ratio b. A larger p-value c. A smaller effect size d. none of the above
The answer is d. None of the above. None of the options listed (a smaller F ratio, a larger p-value, or a smaller effect size) contribute to a finding being statistically significant.
Statistical significance is a measure used in hypothesis testing to determine if the results of a study are likely to have occurred by chance or if they reflect a true relationship or difference.
The p-value represents the probability of obtaining the observed results (or more extreme results) under the assumption that the null hypothesis is true.
A smaller p-value (typically below a predetermined threshold, such as 0.05) indicates stronger evidence against the null hypothesis and increases the likelihood of a finding being statistically significant.
Effect size, on the other hand, measures the magnitude or strength of the relationship or difference observed in the data. A larger effect size indicates a more substantial or meaningful relationship.
While effect size is important in interpreting the practical significance of the findings, it does not directly determine statistical significance.
The F ratio, often used in analysis of variance (ANOVA), compares the variability between groups with the variability within groups. The size of the F ratio alone does not determine statistical significance.
It is the p-value associated with the F ratio that indicates the significance of the findings.
In summary, statistical significance is determined by the p-value, effect size, and sample size collectively. None of the factors listed in the options (F ratio, p-value, or effect size) individually contribute to a finding being statistically significant.
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Which of the following is a process evaluation? 1) Degree to which the program has been implemented as planned and on the quality of implementation O2) Determines whether the program has made a difference. 3) Done to collect data about the health problems of a particular group. 4) Done by combining the findings from previous outcome evaluations of various programs for the same health problem.
Option 1) Degree to which the program has been implemented as planned and on the quality of implementation.
A process evaluation refers to option 1) the degree to which the program has been implemented as planned and on the quality of implementation. It focuses on assessing how well a program or intervention is being delivered and whether it is being executed according to its intended design and objectives. The process evaluation examines various aspects such as program fidelity, adherence to protocols, participant engagement, and the overall quality of implementation. It helps to determine if the program is being carried out effectively and identifies areas for improvement.
In contrast, option 2) determining whether the program has made a difference refers to an outcome evaluation, which assesses the impact and effectiveness of the program in achieving its intended outcomes and desired changes. Option 3) collecting data about the health problems of a particular group pertains to a needs assessment or epidemiological study to understand the health issues in a specific population. Option 4) combining findings from previous outcome evaluations of various programs for the same health problem refers to a systematic review or meta-analysis, where multiple studies are analyzed together to derive broader conclusions.
Thus, the process evaluation focuses on assessing the implementation of a program, whereas the other options relate to outcome evaluation, needs assessment, and systematic review/meta-analysis.
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1. How are dominant cultural stereotypes perpetuated by organizational or institutional structures? How might this perpetuation affect an individual's ability to develop awareness about prejudice? 2.
Dominant cultural stereotypes are perpetuated by organizational or institutional structures through biased policies, practices, and norms that favor the dominant group.
This perpetuation affects an individual's ability to develop awareness about prejudice by reinforcing and normalizing stereotypes, creating barriers to challenging the status quo, and limiting exposure to diverse perspectives.
Organizational or institutional structures play a significant role in perpetuating dominant cultural stereotypes. These structures often reflect the values and beliefs of the dominant group in society, leading to biased policies, practices, and norms that reinforce stereotypes.
For example, hiring practices that prioritize certain qualifications or cultural fit based on dominant group norms can exclude individuals from marginalized groups and perpetuate stereotypes about their abilities or suitability for certain roles.
The perpetuation of dominant cultural stereotypes hinders an individual's ability to develop awareness about prejudice.
When organizational or institutional structures reinforce and normalize stereotypes, individuals may internalize these beliefs, making it challenging to recognize and challenge their own biases.
Moreover, the normalization of stereotypes creates a social environment where individuals may face resistance or backlash when they attempt to challenge or question prevailing stereotypes.
Additionally, the perpetuation of dominant cultural stereotypes can limit an individual's exposure to diverse perspectives and experiences. When organizational or institutional structures predominantly feature the perspectives.
This lack of exposure can contribute to a lack of awareness about the experiences and struggles of marginalized groups, making it more difficult to recognize and address prejudice.
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Jean Jacques Rousseau, presented the following situation: Two hunters can either jointly hunt a stag (an adult deer and rather large meal) or individually hunt a rabbit (tasty, but substantially less filling). Each hunter chooses between "stag" and "rabbit" without knowing the choice of the other hunter. Hunting stags is most beneficial for society, but it is quite challenging and requires mutual-cooperation: The hunters are able to hunt a stag only if both hunters choose to do so. If only one of the hunters chooses to hunt a stag, s/he fails. Each hunter can hunt a rabbit on their own, without any help. Each hunter prefers a larger meal, so they would most prefer to return home with a stag. Of course, a rabbit is still better than having no meal at all. a. [10 points] Write down the payoff matrix that represents this interaction. (Assign a payoff of "0" to the least preferred outcome, "1" to the next preferred one and so on.) b. [8 points] Find all pure strategy Nash Equilibria. Show your work clearly on the payoff matrix (bestresponse analysis). c. [4 points] For the Nash equilibria found in part (b), explain whether the equilibrium is Pareto Optimal. (If you found multiple Nash equilibria, answer this question for each equilibrium.) d. [3 points] Which class of games does the Stag Hunt Game belong to? (Consider the main classes of games discussed in class.) e. [5 points] Based on your answer to (d): i. How do you interpret the fact that (R,R) is a Nash equilibrium of this game? What is the underlying social dilemma here? ii. Discuss some ways of addressing this dilemma, and explain why you think they would work?
a) First element in each bracket is the payoff of the row player and the second element is the payoff of the column player.
b) We have two Pure Nash Equilibria.
c) In the equilibrium (Stag, Stag), it is Pareto optimal as there is no other strategy pair which can improve the payoff of one player without decreasing the payoff of the other.
d) If both players cooperate and hunt a stag, they both get a larger payoff than if they both hunt a rabbit.
a. Payoff Matrix for the given interaction can be as follows:
Rabbit Stag
Rabbit (2, 2) (0, 1)
Stag (1, 0) (3, 3)
Where first element in each bracket is the payoff of the row player and the second element is the payoff of the column player.
b. Pure Strategy Nash Equilibria can be (Rabbit, Rabbit) and (Stag, Stag). Best response analysis for the same can be done as follows:
If Row chooses Rabbit then Column will choose Rabbit as payoff for both is (2, 2) > (1, 0)
If Row chooses Stag then Column will choose Stag as payoff for both is (3, 3) > (0, 1)
So, we have two Pure Nash Equilibria.
c. In the equilibrium (Rabbit, Rabbit), it is Pareto optimal as there is no other strategy pair which can improve the payoff of one player without decreasing the payoff of the other.
In the equilibrium (Stag, Stag), it is Pareto optimal as there is no other strategy pair which can improve the payoff of one player without decreasing the payoff of the other.
d. The Stag Hunt Game belongs to the class of games called Coordination Games where the players try to coordinate their strategies to achieve a common goal.
e.
i. The fact that (R, R) is a Nash equilibrium of this game means that if both players play the strategy of hunting the rabbit, then no one has any incentive to change their strategy. The underlying social dilemma here is that even if hunting a stag is most beneficial to the society, the rational choice for both players is to hunt a rabbit.
ii. One way to address this dilemma is by building trust between the players. This can be done by repeated interaction between the players which will increase the chances of mutual-cooperation. Another way can be to change the payoff structure of the game in such a way that hunting the stag becomes more beneficial for the players. For example, if both players cooperate and hunt a stag, they both get a larger payoff than if they both hunt a rabbit.
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FILL THE BLANK.
According to Carol Gilligan, a concern for others is ________.
a different but no less valid basis of moral judgment than a focus on impersonal rights
a less valid basis for moral judgment than a focus on justice
not measurable through the examination of responses to Kohlberg's moral dilemmas
a more valid basis for moral judgment than a focus on impersonal rights
According to Carol Gilligan, a concern for others is a different but no less valid basis of moral judgment than a focus on impersonal rights.
Carol Gilligan, a prominent psychologist and feminist theorist, argued that traditional moral theories, such as Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development, placed a heavy emphasis on justice and individual rights while overlooking the importance of caring and relationships. Gilligan proposed an alternative perspective that highlighted the significance of a concern for others in moral judgment.
She suggested that a focus on caring and empathy should be seen as a distinct yet equally valid basis for moral decision-making. Gilligan believed that women often prioritize relationships and consider the impact of their actions on others when making moral choices, contrasting with the more justice-focused approach often associated with men.
Gilligan's perspective challenged the notion that a focus on impersonal rights is the sole or superior basis for moral judgment. Instead, she argued for a more inclusive view that recognizes the value of caring for others as a valid and important aspect of moral reasoning.
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Patricia, age 45, holds a position as an acting general manager in Mega Manufacturing Berhad. She has been working in her current company for 20 years. She is very experienced and capable although she only graduated from high school. Due to her inadequate academic qualification level, her current company refuses to promote her to be a general manager. Recently, her company’s rival (Akasi International Manufacturing Berhad) has offered her the position of general manager with a higher salary. However, Patricia does not really want to accept the offer. She has a good relationship with her colleagues and feels happy working in her current company. However, at the same time, she feels the company devalues her contributions. Therefore, she is planning to negotiate with her company’s management board to promote her to a general manager with a higher salary than the rival company offered.
Which type of approach in negotiation (hard/soft/principled) would you use to obtain the win-win negotiation outcome? Discuss. (30 marks)
-Provide at least three (3) justifications to support your decision.
To obtain a win-win negotiation outcome in Patricia's situation, a principled negotiation approach would be most appropriate.
This approach focuses on finding mutually beneficial solutions that satisfy the interests and needs of both parties involved. Here are three justifications for using a principled negotiation approach:
1. Focus on Interests: A principled negotiation approach emphasizes identifying and addressing the underlying interests of each party rather than sticking to rigid positions. Patricia's interest is to be recognized for her experience and contributions, while the company's interest may be to ensure qualifications are met for managerial positions.
2. Build Long-Term Relationships: Patricia values her good relationship with her colleagues and her happiness in the current company. A principled negotiation approach emphasizes building and maintaining positive relationships during the negotiation process. By engaging in open and respectful communication, Patricia can express her concerns without damaging the relationship with the management board.
3. Objective Criteria: The principled negotiation approach involves using objective criteria or standards to guide the negotiation process. Patricia can research and present evidence of her experience, achievements, and contributions to support her case for promotion.
This approach promotes collaboration and mutual satisfaction, laying the foundation for a win-win negotiation outcome.
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What insights can you draw together about "knowing yourself" , and discuss at least one benefit of this knowing that would help you in the process of critical thinking from observation to judgment and persuasion?
Knowing yourself involves an individual's self-awareness of their personality, values, beliefs, behavior, emotions, and motivations. It is an essential part of personal development and crucial for critical thinking, which is a process of analyzing information, evaluating evidence, and making decisions based on logical reasoning and reflection.
This is because self-knowledge helps you understand your biases, strengths, and weaknesses, which are all factors that influence your decision-making process. One benefit of knowing yourself is improved self-awareness that leads to better critical thinking skills, specifically in the observation to judgment and persuasion process. Being aware of your own thinking style, biases, values, and beliefs, for example, can help you recognize how these factors impact your observations and judgments. This will help you to assess evidence more critically and fairly, evaluate arguments more objectively, and make more informed decisions.
Additionally, knowing yourself can help you understand how to persuade others more effectively. By understanding your own values and beliefs, you can tailor your communication to appeal to others' values and beliefs. This makes you a more effective communicator and more persuasive in getting others to see your perspective.
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Humanistic Personality Theories Matrix Introduction The behavioral perspective believes that personality is the result of your interactions with your environment. The social-cognitive perspective suggests you learn from observing others not just what you learn from your own experiences. And the humanistic perspective stresses the whole individual and delves into free will, self-efficacy, and self-actualization. Instructions This assignment will allow you to demonstrate how effectively you can compare and contrast behavioral, social-cognitive, and humanistic perspectives of personality (Course Learning Outcome #3). For your final assignment at the publishing house, you have once again been asked to work with the author on a chapter for the personality theories book being published. You have been tasked with developing a matrix which will compare and contrast behavioral, social cognitive, and humanistic perspectives of personality theories. This chapter will focus on how these theories can improve the readers' personal and professional lives. Complete the Personality Theories Matrix below. The information you develop in this matrix will inform the chapter on behavioral, social-cognitive, and humanistic perspectives of personality theories. . . Discuss how each criterion is represented in each personality theory. Respond in approximately 40 words per criterion. Explain your answers. Provide the page number from the textbook where you found the information for each response. Matrix Personality Define Theories Behavioral perspective Social- cognitive perspective Criterion - How does each theory: Humanistic perspective personality and how personalities develop Explain intelligence and creativity Define how your Identify environment with your experiences basic play a part in human your needs personality Contribute to your personal and past and professional growth View behavior motivation of yourself and others Describe how your personality is affected by human observation
Three types of censorshipsthat may affect people in a democratic society
Censorship can be defined as the control or suppression of what can be seen, heard, or read by the general public. Three types of censorship that may affect people in a democratic society are political censorship, media censorship, and self-censorship.
Political censorship is the suppression of speech or information that goes against the views of the ruling government. It can be exercised through various means such as banning books or literature, regulating the content of films or TV shows, or controlling what can be broadcast on radio or the internet. Political censorship can limit citizens' freedom of expression, which is a fundamental right in a democratic society.
Media censorship, on the other hand, is when the media outlets are controlled or regulated by the government. This can be done by licensing, fines, or imprisonment of journalists who criticize or report news stories that go against the ruling government's views. Media censorship can have a significant impact on people's freedom of speech, their access to information, and the democratic process. It can limit the citizens' ability to participate fully in the democratic process.
Lastly, self-censorship is when individuals choose not to express themselves freely due to fear of reprisals, persecution, or social ostracism. Self-censorship can occur in societies where there is a lack of freedom of speech or media, or where there is a culture of fear or repression. Self-censorship can limit people's creativity, expression, and social interaction, which are essential for personal and societal growth.
In conclusion, the three types of censorship mentioned above can have far-reaching impacts on democratic societies. Political censorship, media censorship, and self-censorship can limit people's freedom of expression, access to information, and participation in the democratic process. Therefore, it is essential to promote and protect the fundamental rights of free speech, press freedom, and access to information in democratic societies.
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What does the quote "We are greater when we are equal" mean?
The quote "We are greater when we are equal" means that people are more powerful and effective when treated equally and given equal opportunities.
It implies that there is a correlation between equality and human potential. People can achieve great things when they are not held back by discriminatory barriers such as gender, race, ethnicity, religion, or social class. This quote is often used in discussions about social justice and human rights. It emphasizes the importance of treating all people with respect and fairness regardless of their differences. People with equal opportunities are more likely to reach their full potential and contribute to society in meaningful ways. Essentially, the quote suggests that when people are similar in rights and opportunities, the community benefits from the contributions of all its members.
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Plato, "The Apology". In your view, is Socrates a threat to
Athens? Write a well-developed paragraph to support your
argument.
In my view, Socrates is not a threat to Athens. In Plato's "The Apology," Socrates is portrayed as a philosopher who seeks knowledge and pursues truth through questioning and critical thinking.
Socrates' intent was not to undermine or destabilize Athens but rather to improve it. He believed in the importance of self-examination and encouraging others to critically examine their own beliefs.
By engaging in philosophical discussions and exposing contradictions or inconsistencies in people's beliefs, Socrates aimed to help them discover truth and attain wisdom. He saw himself as a gadfly, stinging and awakening the city, not as a malicious threat.
Furthermore, Socrates displayed unwavering loyalty to Athens. Despite the opportunity to escape his trial and potential execution, he chose to remain and abide by Athenian laws.
He respected the democratic process and accepted the verdict, even though he disagreed with it. This demonstrates his commitment to the well-being and stability of the city, rather than posing a threat.
Moreover, Socrates' influence on Athens extended beyond challenging individual beliefs. He inspired and educated many individuals, including prominent figures such as Plato, who later became one of the greatest philosophers in history.
Socrates' teachings and methods contributed to the intellectual and moral development of Athenian society, fostering critical thinking, self-reflection, and ethical conduct.
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Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 Flag question Although Frieda is typically very reserved, as part of a huge rock concert crowd she lost her inhibitions and behaved in a very sexually provocative way. Frieda's unusual behavior is best understood in terms of: Select one: A. the mere exposure effect. B. social facilitation. C. deindividuation. D. the bystander effect.
It is appropriate to think about deindividuation when analyzing Frieda's peculiar behavior in the middle of a large rock concert crowd when she shed her inhibitions and acted in a very sexually suggestive manner. It is a concept in social psychology where individuals lose their sense of self-awareness in a group, and as a result, their behavior changes.
Deindividuation is a social psychological concept that occurs when a person becomes less self-aware, less conscious of their actions, and less concerned about being judged in a group. In other words, the person loses their sense of individuality, which leads them to behave in ways that are not typical of them.
Deindividuation can occur due to various reasons, but it mostly happens due to three main factors:
Anonymity: When individuals in a group are anonymous, they feel less accountable for their actions, which leads them to behave more impulsively and aggressively.
Group size: As the group size increases, the sense of responsibility and accountability among individuals decreases, which leads to deindividuation.
Arousing activities: Exciting or arousing activities such as a rock concert can cause deindividuation as individuals lose their inhibitions and become more impulsive and aggressive.
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How and why education for the mentally challenged in Japan came
to be based on the concept of "education for life"
In Japan, education for the mentally challenged came to be based on the concept of "education for life" to promote holistic development and independence.
The concept of "education for life" in the context of the mentally challenged emerged as a response to the recognition that traditional academic-focused education may not adequately address the unique needs and abilities of these individuals. Instead, the emphasis shifted towards fostering practical skills, social integration, vocational training, and personal development.
The goal was to empower individuals with mental challenges to lead independent lives, contribute to society, and experience a sense of fulfillment and purpose.
The approach of "education for life" recognizes that individuals with mental challenges have the potential for growth and meaningful engagement in various aspects of life. It emphasizes a person-centered approach, tailoring education to individual strengths, interests, and abilities.
Through a combination of academic instruction, life skills training, vocational guidance, and community involvement, the concept aims to prepare individuals for lifelong learning, self-sufficiency, and active participation in society.
By adopting the concept of "education for life," Japan has sought to provide comprehensive support and opportunities for individuals with mental challenges to lead meaningful and fulfilling lives, promoting their inclusion and dignity within society.
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You have been selected to represent the school of psychology in an essay writing competition. The topic requires you to discuss: How violent media images increase the level of aggression in youth. In your essay, include: An introduction and conclusion (5 marks each) A discussion on observational learning and the media violence controversy. (10 marks) A discussion of the power of modelling and the Bobo doll experiment (10 marks) Please use Harvard referencing and 5 sources, thank you! The use of the guide below on how to write a good academic essay. (10 marks) 2 typed pages maximum
The essay discusses the impact of violent media images on the aggression levels in youth. It explores observational learning and the media violence controversy, highlighting the role of media in shaping behavior.
Explanation: Violent media images have been a subject of debate regarding their influence on youth aggression. Observational learning theory suggests that individuals learn behaviors by observing others, and the media serves as a powerful source of such observation. The essay delves into the media violence controversy, which explores the association between media violence exposure and aggressive behavior. It discusses how repeated exposure to violent media content can desensitize individuals and weaken inhibitions against aggression.
Moreover, the essay emphasizes the power of modeling in shaping behavior, citing the famous Bobo doll experiment. This experiment demonstrated how children imitated aggressive behavior they witnessed in a film, thereby supporting the argument that exposure to violent media can increase aggression in youth. The essay provides a comprehensive analysis of the experiment and its implications, highlighting the significance of modeling as a mechanism through which media influences behavior.
In addition to the content, the essay adheres to the guidelines of good academic writing, including the use of Harvard referencing and incorporating at least five sources to support the arguments presented. By addressing the topic within the specified page limit, the essay ensures a concise yet thorough exploration of the relationship between violent media images and youth aggression.
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Affirmative action is unjust. Not everyone agrees, of course. But when it comes down to it, affirmative action involves taking into account a characteristic like race or gender when hiring. And those are morally irrelevant characteristics, and it’s unjust to treat people differently based on morally irrelevant characteristics.
Affirmative action is a controversial issue that is highly debated. There are a few reasons why affirmative action is believed to be unjust.one of which is that it involves taking into account a characteristic like race or gender when hiring or in education.
According to those who view affirmative action as unjust, such characteristics are morally irrelevant, and it is unfair to treat people differently based on them. They argue that individuals should be selected based solely on their qualifications, abilities, and merit, rather than their race or gender.
This argument is based on the belief that everyone should be treated equally, regardless of their background or physical traits. In addition, some argue that affirmative action can lead to reverse discrimination, where individuals who are less qualified or capable than others are selected because of their race or gender.
This, in turn, can create a hostile work environment where individuals feel as though they have been passed over for positions because of their race or gender.
Overall, affirmative action is a highly contested issue with valid arguments on both sides.
However, those who view it as unjust argue that people should be treated based on their qualifications, abilities, and merit, rather than their race or gender.
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Rosa Parks, MLK, and the Civil Rights movement based in the southern black churches were successful in terms of moving the courts to act and were instrumental in helping LBJ succeed in passing the Civil Rights and Voting Rights Acts. Malcom X and others in the mid-to-late 1960s had a different approach. Compare/Contrast and discuss.
The civil rights movement in America sought to guarantee that black people were granted equal rights as white people.
Leaders such as Rosa Parks and MLK, and the civil rights movement that was based in southern black churches were successful in moving the courts to act and were instrumental in helping LBJ succeed in passing the Civil Rights and Voting Rights Acts.
However, Malcom X and other leaders in the mid-to-late 1960s had a different approach to achieving civil rights. In terms of approach to achieving civil rights, Martin Luther King, Jr. employed non-violent methods of protest while Malcolm X and others employed a more militant approach.
While King believed that nonviolent civil disobedience was the best way to achieve their rights, Malcolm X was more inclined towards achieving rights through any means necessary.The approach of Rosa Parks and MLK centered around nonviolent protests such as boycotts and sit-ins.
These peaceful protests were successful in bringing national attention to the issue of civil rights and put pressure on lawmakers to pass legislation. On the other hand, Malcolm X was known for his more militant approach which included the use of force to achieve civil rights. He was more interested in protecting black people from white supremacy than in integrating them into American society.
Overall, both approaches achieved some successes. The peaceful approach of Rosa Parks and MLK helped change the hearts and minds of many Americans and forced the government to act. However, the militant approach of Malcolm X and others brought attention to the issue of civil rights and put pressure on the government to act. Ultimately, the approach that was most successful was a combination of both peaceful and militant methods of protest.
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write the findings of the summary on the effects of
online lecturing on students academic performance
Online lectures can improve accessibility and flexibility, but can also lead to negative outcomes.
Research on the effects of online lecturing on students' academic performance has yielded varying results. On one hand, online lectures offer several advantages. They provide students with greater accessibility, allowing them to participate in classes from anywhere with an internet connection. Additionally, the flexibility of online learning can accommodate students' diverse schedules and commitments. These factors contribute to improved convenience and convenience, which can positively impact students' overall academic performance.
However, online lecturing also presents challenges that can hinder academic performance. Distractions inherent in the online environment, such as social media, notifications, or other digital temptations, can divert students' attention and impede their ability to concentrate on the lecture material. Moreover, the lack of face-to-face interaction with instructors and peers can lead to reduced engagement and motivation, potentially affecting students' comprehension and retention of the subject matter.
In conclusion, while online lecturing offers benefits in terms of accessibility and flexibility, it also poses challenges that can impact students' academic performance. Mitigating distractions and enhancing student engagement through interactive learning tools and strategies is crucial to optimize the positive effects of online lectures and promoting effective learning outcomes. Additionally, providing support and resources to help students adapt to the online learning environment can contribute to their overall success.
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How much suffering a Break-up brings to a family?
(argument essay about facing problem and not facing
problem)
300 words must
Break-ups can bring a significant amount of suffering to a family, but whether to face the problem or not is a choice that can determine the outcome of the situation.
Break-ups are hard to deal with, especially when there are children involved. A family is a unit that is built on trust, love, and understanding. Therefore, a break-up can result in mistrust, lack of love, and misunderstanding.
The effect on the family depends on how they deal with the situation.When people do not face the problem, they tend to ignore the situation, which can cause more problems. Ignoring the problem will not make it go away; instead, it will worsen it.
Not facing the problem will only cause more harm to the family as a whole. For instance, the children can feel neglected and might not understand what is happening. They might think it’s their fault, which can lead to emotional trauma.
Furthermore, not facing the problem can cause financial problems, especially if there is a child support dispute, which will affect the whole family, including the children.However, facing the problem can also be difficult, but it can have a positive outcome.
Facing the problem can result in solving it and restoring the family to its original state. For instance, if there is a communication breakdown between the partners, it can be resolved through counseling.
This will not only solve the problem but will also strengthen the family’s bond. Moreover, facing the problem can help the children to understand what is happening and why, which will reduce the emotional trauma that they might experience.
In conclusion, break-ups can bring a significant amount of suffering to a family, but how they deal with the problem is what determines the outcome. Ignoring the problem will only make it worse, while facing the problem can result in solving it and restoring the family.
Therefore, it is important to face the problem head-on and work towards resolving it, even if it is difficult.
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Early and Late Adolescent Development and Learning: A Cross
Cultural Perspective
Teens' moral reasoning can be characterized as a) contrary. b) autonomous. c) immoral. d) heteronomous.
Teens' moral reasoning can be characterized as autonomous, not heteronomous.
During early and late adolescence, individuals undergo significant cognitive and socioemotional changes, which also impact their moral reasoning. Moral reasoning refers to the process by which individuals make judgments about right and wrong, and how they justify their moral decisions.
Autonomous moral reasoning is a key feature of adolescent development, particularly during late adolescence. It involves the ability to think independently, consider multiple perspectives, and make moral judgments based on personal values and principles. Autonomous moral reasoning goes beyond following external rules and authorities and involves the development of one's own moral code.
On the other hand, heteronomous moral reasoning is more characteristic of younger children. It is based on the belief that moral rules are fixed and determined by authorities or external forces. Heteronomous moral reasoning relies on obedience to rules without questioning or considering personal values.
Teens' moral reasoning is not characterized as contrary or immoral. While individual teens may exhibit different moral reasoning patterns, the shift towards autonomous moral reasoning during adolescence is a normal part of cognitive development.
Understanding the development of moral reasoning in adolescence is crucial for educators, parents, and society to support the growth of ethical decision-making and moral development during this critical period of life.
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D a blending learning rather than traditional on campus courses Question 77 As compared to earlier times, physical development during middle childhood is best described as O a time when children are much more susceptible to disease and illness a time when bodies are physically weaker and immune systems are stressed an exceptionally healthy time of life O a time in which children are at decreased risk of obesity Question 78 1 pts 1 pts
Compared to earlier times, physical development during middle childhood is characterized by being an exceptionally healthy period of life.
Middle Childhood: It refers to the developmental stage that spans from 6 to 12 years of age. This stage is marked by significant physical, cognitive, and emotional changes. In middle childhood, physical growth slows down, and children become more coordinated and less clumsy. However, it's important to note that physical development during this stage can vary based on age and gender.
Advantages of Blended Learning over Traditional On-Campus Courses:
Blended learning offers several advantages over traditional on-campus courses, including:
Increased Flexibility:
Blended learning provides learners with the flexibility to learn at their own pace and according to their own schedule. This is particularly beneficial for individuals with busy schedules or those who need to balance work and study commitments.
Enhanced Engagement:
Blended learning fosters interaction and collaboration among learners. Through digital platforms, learners can participate in collaborative exercises, discussions, and group projects, promoting engagement and active participation in the learning process.
Personalized Learning:
Blended learning allows for personalized learning experiences. Learners' progress can be monitored, and data can be collected to provide tailored feedback and support. This personalized approach helps learners gain a deeper understanding of their own learning processes.
Blended learning presents a compelling option for students seeking flexibility, increased engagement, and personalized learning experiences. Research suggests that blended learning can lead to improved academic performance and the development of valuable digital literacy skills. By leveraging the advantages of both online and traditional learning approaches, blended learning offers a comprehensive and effective educational experience.
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A
person can be described in many ways, who for you is a human being?
Think of a material (tangible or intangible) that best describes
human being.
A human being can be described in many ways. They can be described as emotional, social, cultural, and spiritual beings. In my opinion, a human being is a complex organism capable of a wide range of cognitive and emotional functions. A human being is a creature that has the capacity for self-awareness and free will.
A human being is a social animal that thrives in community and has a deep-seated need for connection and companionship. The most appropriate material that can best describe human beings is the "brain". It is one of the most complex and powerful organs of the human body. It controls all of our thoughts, movements, and emotions, as well as all of our bodily functions.
The brain is responsible for our ability to learn, reason, and make decisions. It enables us to feel, perceive, and experience the world around us. The brain is what makes us uniquely human, and without it, we would not be able to function as we do.
Thus, the brain is the best material that can best describe human beings.
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Explain the difference between Broadbent filter model and Triesman's leaky filter models of attention. What is the process. Which model explains the cocktail party effect and why? All parts of the answer must be correct. The Broadbent model is an late selection model meaning that information selected for processing to memory occurs late in the system, and therefore explains the cocktail party effect because stimuli make it past the filter even if people are not paying attention. Triesman model works the same but the filer is leaky so a lot of information gets through to memory. The Broadbent model is an early selection model meaning that information selected for processing to memory occurs early in the system, only basic physical characteristics of stimuli make it past the filter if people are not paying attention. This model explains the cocktail party effect because you still hear your name even if the filter is narrow. Triesman's model has a more strict filter information has a hard time getting to memory if you do not pay attention. The Broadbent model is an early selection model meaning that information selected for processing to memory occurs early in the system, only basic physical characteristics of stimuli make it past the filter if people are not paying attention. Triesman model works the same but the filer is leaky so more information gets through to memory, this explains the cocktail party effect because information gets to memory when you do not pay attention. The Broadbent model is an early selection model meaning that information selected for processing to memory occurs early in the system, only basic physical characteristics of stimuli make it past the filter if people are not paying attention. Triesman's model works the same but is a late selection model because all unattended information gets through to memory, this explains the cocktail party effect because information gets to memory when you do not pay attention.
The Broadbent filter model is a late selection model where information selected for processing to memory occurs late, while Triesman's leaky filter model is an early selection model with a more permissive filter. The Broadbent model explains the cocktail party effect.
The Broadbent model explains the cocktail party effect as stimuli can bypass the filter even when not actively attending. Triesman's model allows more information through due to a leaky filter.
The Broadbent model is an early selection model where basic physical characteristics pass the filter when attention is not focused, while Triesman's model is a late selection model where unattended information can still reach memory.
The Broadbent filter model posits that attention acts as a selective filter that occurs early in the information processing system. It is an early selection model because it suggests that only stimuli with basic physical characteristics, such as pitch or volume, pass through the filter and are processed to memory.
Other stimuli are filtered out and do not reach conscious awareness unless attention is directed towards them. However, the Broadbent model explains the cocktail party effect, where individuals can perceive meaningful information, such as their name, even when not actively attending to it. This implies that stimuli can bypass the filter and reach conscious awareness.
On the other hand, Triesman's leaky filter model is a modified version of the Broadbent model. It proposes that the selective filter is leaky, allowing some unattended information to pass through to a lower level of analysis.
While some information is filtered out, a significant amount still reaches memory, albeit with reduced processing. This model acknowledges that unattended information can have some influence on perception and memory, although it may be weaker compared to attended information.
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Robert is an art teacher. When teaching his students how to draw trees, he finds himself praising more rudimentary attempts at first, and gradually only praising drawings that look more and more like a realistic tree. What operant conditioning technique is this an example of A Shaping B. Promoting creativity through reinforcement C Extinction D. Fixed ratio schedule of reinforcement .
The operant conditioning technique that Robert, an art teacher, is using when teaching his students how to draw trees, where he finds himself praising more rudimentary attempts at first, and gradually only praising drawings that look more and more like a realistic tree, is an example of A. Shaping.
Shaping is an operant conditioning technique that involves reinforcing successive approximations of a desired behavior. In the given scenario, Robert, the art teacher, is using shaping when teaching his students how to draw trees.
Initially, Robert praises more rudimentary attempts at drawing trees. This means that he is reinforcing and positively acknowledging the early stages of tree drawings, even if they are not yet realistic or fully developed. As the students continue to practice and improve their drawing skills, Robert gradually raises his standards and only praises drawings that look more and more like a realistic trees. In other words, he increases the criteria for receiving reinforcement as the students' drawing abilities progress.
By employing shaping, Robert is guiding the students toward the desired behavior of drawing realistic trees by reinforcing small steps or approximations toward that goal. It allows for a gradual refinement of the skill and encourages the students to improve their drawings over time.
Therefore, the correct option is A.
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People consume news to know about what is happening in the world they live in. Although the media doesn't present everything, however, psychologically, news reporting affects the way people perceive the world around them. b. List any five (5) effects of consuming news coverage. Support these effects with relevant and logical example.
Consuming news coverage can shape public opinion, influence cognitive biases, evoke emotional responses, enhance knowledge and awareness, and have social and cultural influences.
Consuming news coverage has several effects on individuals and their perception of the world. Five such effects include:
Shaping Public Opinion: News coverage can influence public opinion by presenting certain narratives, framing issues in specific ways, or highlighting certain aspects of events. For example, extensive news coverage of protests can shape public perceptions of the underlying causes and impact people's support or opposition towards the movement.
Cognitive Bias: News consumption can lead to cognitive biases such as confirmation bias, where individuals seek out information that aligns with their pre-existing beliefs. For instance, someone who regularly watches news channels with a particular political bias may develop a skewed perspective on political issues.
Emotional Impact: News stories can evoke emotional responses in viewers, affecting their mood, empathy, and emotional well-being. Graphic images or stories of human suffering may elicit feelings of sadness or empathy, while sensationalized coverage of crime or violence can induce fear or anxiety.
Knowledge and Awareness: Consuming news coverage helps individuals stay informed about current events, social issues, and global affairs. It enhances their knowledge and awareness of the world, enabling them to engage in informed discussions and make well-rounded decisions.
Social and Cultural Influence: News coverage can shape societal norms, values, and cultural perspectives. Media portrayal of certain groups or events can reinforce stereotypes or influence public discourse. For example, biased reporting on immigration issues can shape public attitudes towards immigrants and impact policy debates.
It is important to note that the effects of news consumption can vary among individuals and depend on factors such as media literacy, critical thinking skills, and exposure to diverse sources of information.
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Watch the video "Open Range-The People’s Warrant".
1. What makes this clip from the 2003 film Open Range an example of the western genre? What narrative elements, visual style, and emotional effects are used here to categorize this film as a western? Be descriptive in your answer.
2. What does this very short scene do to give you a sense of the overall narrative of the movie? What can you expect happens later on? Be descriptive in your answer.
The clip from the film "Open Range" exemplifies the western genre through its narrative elements, visual style, and emotional effects. It sets the stage for a classic western tale with its depiction of cowboys, a small town, and themes of conflict and justice. The scene creates a sense of anticipation and hints at the larger narrative of the movie.
1) This clip from the 2003 film "Open Range" embodies the western genre in several ways. Firstly, it features cowboys as central characters, representing the iconic figures of the American West. The setting of a small town surrounded by vast landscapes further establishes the western aesthetic.
The presence of horses, guns, and a saloon also contributes to the genre's visual style and atmosphere. Additionally, the theme of conflict and justice, which is often prevalent in western narratives, is introduced through the tension between the cowboys and the townspeople.
The scene's use of wide shots, showcasing the expansive scenery, and close-ups on the characters' faces help immerse the audience in the visual style of the western genre.
The emotional effects of the scene are conveyed through the intense dialogue, the sense of impending confrontation, and the underlying themes of honor and survival commonly associated with western stories.
2) In this short scene, viewers are given a glimpse of the overall narrative of the movie and are provided with some clues about what to expect later on. The clip introduces the main characters, Charlie Waite and Boss Spearman, who are portrayed as independent and skilled cowboys.
It hints at their uneasy relationship with the townspeople, particularly the ruthless rancher Denton Baxter. The tension and conflict between the cowboys and the townspeople suggest that further confrontations and struggles will arise as the narrative unfolds.
The scene also establishes a sense of moral ambiguity, as the cowboys are seen as outsiders challenging the established order. This sets up the expectation of a larger story that delves into themes of justice, survival, and the clash between traditional values and progress.
Overall, this short scene sets the stage for a classic western narrative, building anticipation for the conflicts, character development, and dramatic events that will unfold throughout the film.
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Focus on the characters of the protagonists of the stories assigned for this week:
The narrator of "Cathedral"
Delia in "Sweat"
How would describe each character as a person? What are his or her main character traits? What appears to motivate his or her actions and behavior? And most importantly, do you think either character changes or grows (develops) at all as the story progresses?
Delia in "Sweat" undergoes a transformation from a submissive victim to a strong, independent woman, while the narrator in "Cathedral" evolves from a cynical and judgmental character to someone more open-minded and empathetic.
The characters of the protagonists of the stories assigned for this week are Delia in "Sweat" and the narrator in "Cathedral." Let's analyze each character in detail.
Delia in "Sweat": - Delia is a hard-working woman who works day and night to make ends meet. She is a washerwoman who is constantly washing white folks' clothes. She is the breadwinner of the family, and her husband, Sykes, is a lazy, abusive man who does nothing to support her.
Her main character traits include resilience, persistence, and hardworking. She is a strong woman who can do anything to survive and make a living for herself and her family. Delia is a religious woman, and her faith gives her strength to deal with the adversities of life.
The main motivators of Delia's actions and behavior are survival and independence. She is motivated to work hard to provide for her family and be independent, so she does not have to depend on anyone.
Yes, Delia changes and develops as the story progresses. She starts off as a meek, submissive woman who allows her abusive husband to walk all over her. However, as the story progresses, she realizes that she does not have to put up with her husband's abuse and leaves him. In the end, she becomes a strong, independent woman who is no longer afraid of Sykes.
The narrator of "Cathedral": The narrator of "Cathedral" is an unnamed man who is not happy with his life. He is cynical, judgmental, and isolated. He does not have any friends and is always angry and frustrated.
His main character traits include anger, frustration, and cynicism. He is unhappy with his life and his marriage and is always judging people. The main motivator of the narrator's actions and behavior is his fear of change and his narrow-mindedness. He is afraid of the unknown and is unable to see beyond his prejudices.
Yes, the narrator changes and develops as the story progresses. Initially, he is judgmental and hostile towards Robert, the blind man. However, as the story progresses, he becomes more open-minded and empathetic towards Robert. By the end of the story, he has developed a deeper understanding and appreciation of blindness and of Robert as a person.
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