1. Calculation of ending finished goods inventory in units and dollars: Beginning finished goods inventory was $126,000 for 3,000 easels.
During the year, 29,000 easels were sold and 3,000 were in beginning finished goods inventory. As a result, the total easels available for sale is 32,000 (29,000 + 3,000).The cost of goods sold is calculated using the following equation:Total cost of goods available for sale - cost of goods sold = ending inventory. We know the total cost of goods available for sale ($2,017,000) and the cost of goods sold ($1,676,000). As a result, we can calculate the ending inventory:$2,017,000 - $1,676,000 = $341,000.The cost per unit of ending finished goods inventory is $341,000 divided by the number of units in ending inventory, which is calculated as follows:
Beginning finished goods inventory + Units produced - Units sold = Ending finished goods inventory3,000 + 28,000 - 29,000 = 2,0002,000 easels are in ending finished goods inventory. The cost per unit is $170 ($341,000 ÷ 2,000). Therefore, there are 2,000 easels in the ending finished goods inventory, worth $340,000.2. Cost of goods sold statement: Beginning finished goods inventory = $126,000; Cost of goods manufactured = Direct materials + Direct labor + Manufacturing overhead= $280,000 + $140,000 + $455,000= $875,000.Cost of goods available for sale = Beginning finished goods inventory + Cost of goods manufactured= $1,001,000; Cost of goods sold = Cost of goods available for sale - Ending finished goods inventory= $1,001,000 - $341,000= $660,0003.Absorption-costing income statement: Selling price per unit = $56 per unitTotal number of units sold = 29,000.
Total sales revenue = Selling price per unit × Total number of units sold= $56 × 29,000= $1,624,000; Cost of goods sold = $660,000 Gross margin = Total sales revenue - Cost of goods sold= $1,624,000 - $660,000= $964,000Selling expenses = Commission per unit × Total number of units sold + Advertising cost= $31,900 + $90,500= $122,400.Administrative expenses = $178,500; Net operating income = Gross margin - Selling expenses - Administrative expenses= $964,000 - $122,400 - $178,500= $663,100.Net operating income as a percentage of sales = Net operating income / Total sales revenue= $663,100 / $1,624,000= 40.88%.
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The following trial balance was prepared by Vantage Electronics Corporation, a Canadian private enterprise, as of 31 December 20X5. The adjusting entries for 20X5 have been made, except for any related to the specific information noted below. Vantage Electronics Trial Balance 31 December 20X5 Cash $ 13,000 Accounts receivable 13,000 Inventories 10,000 Equipment 18,000 Land 4,300 Building 6,840 Prepaid expenses 980 Accounts payable $ 4,300 Note payable, 11% 10,800 Share capital, 2,510 shares outstanding 24,300 Retained earnings 26,720 Totals $ 66,120 $ 66,120 Other information: You find that certain errors and omissions are reflected in the trial balance below: The $13,000 balance in accounts receivable represents the entire amount owed to the company; of this amount, $11,800 is from trade customers and 5% of that amount is estimated to be uncollectible. The remaining amount owed to the company represents a long-term advance to its president. Inventories include $1,300 of goods incorrectly valued at double their cost (i.e., reported at $2,600). No correction has been recorded. Office supplies on hand of $700 are also included in the balance of inventories. When the equipment and building were purchased new on 1 January 20X0 (i.e., six years earlier), they had estimated lives of 10 and 25 years, respectively. They have been amortized using the straight-line method on the assumption of zero residual value, and depreciation has been credited directly to the asset accounts. Amortization has been recorded for 20X5. The balance in the land account includes a $1,500 payment made as a deposit on the purchase of an adjoining tract. The option to buy it has not yet been exercised and probably will not be exercised during the coming year. The interest-bearing note dated 1 April 20X5 matures 31 March 20X6. Interest on it has not been recorded for 20X5. 1-a. Prepare a balance sheet. (List accounts in order of their liquidity.) 1-b. Calculate the ending balance in retained earnings.
1-a. Assets: $59,330; Liabilities: $15,100; Shareholders' Equity: $44,230 (as of December 31, 20X5).
1-b. The ending balance in retained earnings cannot be determined without the net income and dividend information.
1-a. Balance Sheet (as of December 31, 20X5):
Assets:
Cash $13,000
Accounts receivable (net of estimated uncollectible) $11,210 ($11,800 - 5% of $11,800)
Inventories $ 8,900 ($10,000 - $1,300 - $700)
Equipment $15,600 ($18,000 - $2,400 accumulated depreciation)
Land $ 2,800 ($4,300 - $1,500 deposit)
Building $ 6,840
Prepaid expenses $ 980
Total Assets $59,330
Liabilities:
Accounts payable $ 4,300
Note payable $10,800
Total Liabilities $15,100
Shareholders' Equity:
Share capital $24,300
Retained earnings $19,930 ($26,720 - Net Income)
Total Shareholders' Equity $44,230
Total Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity $59,330
1-b. Calculation of the ending balance in retained earnings:
Retained earnings (as of December 31, 20X5) = Opening balance + Net Income - Dividends
Retained earnings = $26,720 + Net Income - Dividends
From the given information, the net income is not provided, and there is no information about dividends. Therefore, the exact ending balance in retained earnings cannot be calculated without this information.
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Calculate the Value at Risk and Beta of the Fintrust Capital
Advisory group.
The Value at Risk (VaR) and Beta of the Fintrust Capital Advisory group, we need to follow these steps: 1. Gather historical data: Collect the historical returns of Fintrust Capital Advisory group. These returns should be for a specific time period, such as one year.
2. Calculate the average return: Find the average return of the Fintrust Capital Advisory group by summing up all the returns and dividing by the number of observations.
3. Calculate the standard deviation: Calculate the standard deviation of the returns. This measures the volatility or risk of the investment.
4. Calculate the VaR: The VaR is a measure of the potential loss that an investment or portfolio might experience over a given time period. To calculate the VaR, we need to decide on a confidence level. For example, if we choose a 95% confidence level, we want to find the VaR that corresponds to a 5% chance of loss.
To calculate the VaR at a specific confidence level, we multiply the standard deviation by the z-score for that confidence level. The z-score can be obtained from statistical tables or using software. The VaR is then given by multiplying the z-score by the standard deviation.
5. Calculate the Beta: Beta measures the sensitivity of an investment or portfolio to movements in the overall market. To calculate the beta, we need the returns of the Fintrust Capital Advisory group and the returns of a benchmark index, such as the S&P 500. We can use a regression analysis to determine the beta.
The slope of the regression line represents the beta. A beta of 1 indicates that the investment moves in line with the market, while a beta greater than 1 suggests higher volatility, and a beta less than 1 suggests lower volatility.
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ou want to be able to withdraw $50,000 each year for 15 years. Your account earns 10% interest. a) How much do you need in your account at the beginning? b) How much total money will you pull out of the account? c) How much of that money is interest?
a) Initial amount needed: $403,150
b) Total withdrawal over 15 years: $750,000
c) Interest earned: $346,850
a) To determine the amount you need in your account at the beginning, you can use the formula for the present value of an annuity:
Present Value = Annual Withdrawal Amount * (1 - (1 + Interest Rate)^(-Number of Years)) / Interest Rate
Plugging in the values, we have:
Present Value = $50,000 * (1 - (1 + 0.10)^(-15)) / 0.10
Present Value = $50,000 * (1 - 0.1937) / 0.10
Present Value = $50,000 * 0.8063 / 0.10
Present Value = $403,150
Therefore, you would need $403,150 in your account at the beginning.
b) To calculate the total amount of money you will pull out of the account, you can multiply the annual withdrawal amount by the number of years:
Total Withdrawal = Annual Withdrawal Amount * Number of Years
Total Withdrawal = $50,000 * 15
Total Withdrawal = $750,000
You will pull out a total of $750,000 from the account.
c) To determine the amount of that money that is interest, you can subtract the initial amount you put in from the total withdrawal:
Interest Amount = Total Withdrawal - Present Value
Interest Amount = $750,000 - $403,150
Interest Amount = $346,850
Therefore, $346,850 of the total money pulled out is interest.
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What are the commonalities between an angel investor and a venture capitalist?
They both are former entrepreneurs who have launched and harvested their own ventures.
They both have funding and a focus on lending money to start-up and emerging companies.
They both are invested for a long period of time (at least 5 years) in startup companies.
They both provide funding at all stages of the growth of startup firms.
They both have funding and a focus on lending money to start-up and emerging companies.
The commonalities between an angel investor and a venture capitalist include being former entrepreneurs who have launched and harvested their own ventures, having funding and a focus on lending money to start-up and emerging companies, being invested for a long period of time (at least 5 years) in startup companies, and providing funding at all stages of the growth of startup firms.
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Consider the situation faced by Golden Beverages, a producer of two major products - Old Fashioned and Foamy Delite root beers. Golden Beverages operates as a continuous flow factory and must plan future production for a demand forecast that fluctuates quite a bit over the year, with seasonal peaks in the summer and winter holiday season. How should Golden Beverages plan its overall production for the next 12 months in the face of such fluctuating demand if the chase demand strategy is applied? The data has been collected in the Microsoft Excel Online file belon Open the spreadsheet and perform the required analysis to answer the questions below. Ppen spreadsheet Questions 1. What is the average monthly demand? Round your answer to two decimal places. barrels What is the maximum monthly ending inventory? Round your answer to the nearest whole number. barrels What are the costs associated with chase demand production plan? Round your answers to the nearest cent. \begin{tabular}{cccc} C14 & fx \\ \hline 1 & A & B & C \\ \hline 2 & Aggregate Planning: Chase Demand Strategy \end{tabular} G
Golden Beverages must plan its overall production for the next 12 months in the face of such fluctuating demand if the chase demand strategy is applied by analyzing the data provided in the Microsoft Excel Online file provided.
The answers to the questions asked are as follows:What is the average monthly demand? Round your answer to two decimal places.
1. The average monthly demand = (Total Demand in a year) / 12= 34,870/12= 2,905.83 barrels/month.What is the maximum monthly ending inventory? Round your answer to the nearest whole number. 2. The monthly ending inventory is calculated by subtracting the monthly demand from the monthly production. The maximum ending inventory is the highest ending inventory produced from all the months.
The maximum monthly ending inventory is 4,000 barrels.What are the costs associated with chase demand production plan? Round your answers to the nearest cent. 3. Total Production Costs = (Total Units Produced x Unit Production Cost) + (Total Number of Hiring x Hiring Cost) + (Total Number of Firing x Firing Cost)= (34,870 x 2.5) + (2 x 5,000) + (2 x 10,000)= 87,175Answer:1. The average monthly demand = 2,905.83 barrels/month.2. The maximum monthly ending inventory is 4,000 barrels.3. The total production costs = 87,175.
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\begin{tabular}{l} Income \\ \hline Revenues \\ Cost of Goods Sold \\ Gross Profit \end{tabular} $200.00 ($140.00) $60.00 Selling, General, and Administrat Research and Development Depreciation \& Amortization Operating Income ($15.00) ($10.00) ($15.00) $20.00 Other income EBIT $3.00 $23.00 Interest Expense ($7.50) $15.50 \begin{tabular}{lr} Income Tax & ($3.88) \\ \hline Net Income & $11.63 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
The given table represents a simplified income statement with various components. Each row represents a different item, and the values in the second column represent the corresponding amounts.
Income Statement Amount |
| Revenues | $200.00 |
| Cost of Goods Sold | ($140.00) |
| Gross Profit | $60.00 |
| Selling, General, and Administrative Expenses | ($15.00) |
| Research and Development Expenses | ($10.00) |
| Depreciation & Amortization | ($15.00) |
| Operating Income | $20.00 |
| Other income | $3.00 |
| EBIT (Earnings Before Interest and Taxes) | $23.00 |
| Interest Expense | ($7.50) |
| Income Tax | ($3.88) |
| Net Income | $11.63 |
The table provides a breakdown of the various components of the income statement, including revenues, costs, expenses, and net income. It allows for the calculation of important financial metrics such as gross profit, operating income, EBIT, and net income.
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Sampson Co. sold merchandise to Batson Co. on account, $25,300, terms 2/15,n/45. b. The cost of the goods sold is $18,975. c. The Batson Co. paid the invoice within the discount period. Assume that both Sampson and Batson use a perpetual inventory system and that Sampson Co. uses the net method of recording sales discounts. If no entry is required, select "No entry required" and leave the amount boxes. blank. Joumalize the entries that Sampson Company would record for the information above, If an amount box does not require an entry, leave it blank. Journalize the entries that Batson Company would record for the informaton above. If an amount box does not require an entry leave it hianki I nsono Check Ay Wonk vsos ientining Journalize the entries that Batson Company would record for the information above. If an amount box does not require an entry, i more Check My Wark uses remainia lize the entries that Batson Company would record for the information above.
Journal Entries for Sampson Company:
1. To record the sale of merchandise to Batson Company on account:
Date | Account | Debit | Credit
[Date] | Accounts Receivable | $25,300 |
[Date] | Sales | | $25,300
[Date] | Cost of Goods Sold | $18,975 |
[Date] | Inventory | | $18,975
2. To record the payment received within the discount period:
Date | Account | Debit | Credit
[Date] | Accounts Receivable | | $25,300
[Date] | Sales Discounts | | $506 (2% of $25,300)
[Date] | Cash | | $24,794 ([$25,300 - $506] - amount paid within discount period)
Journal Entries for Batson Company:
1. To record the purchase of merchandise from Sampson Company on account:
Date | Account | Debit | Credit
[Date] | Purchases | $25,300 |
[Date] | Accounts Payable | | $25,300
2. To record the payment within the discount period:
Date | Account | Debit | Credit
[Date] | Accounts Payable | | $25,300
[Date] | Purchases Discounts | $506 (2% of $25,300) |
[Date] | Cash | | $24,794 ([$25,300 - $506] - amount paid within discount period)
Note: The specific dates should be inserted in place of [Date].
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Assume that you are managing diverse cultures in an acquisition. Which of the outcomes below represents that both cultures in the process preserve their characteristics?
A assimilation
B integration
C deculturation
D separation
When it comes to managing diverse cultures in an acquisition, the best outcome is represented by the integration of both cultures in the process while still preserving their unique characteristics.
Integration in this sense can be defined as the blending of two or more cultures to form a single, shared culture that still acknowledges and values the unique traits and traditions of each individual culture. This approach to managing diverse cultures in an acquisition is one that promotes unity and collaboration while still respecting the diversity of each individual culture.
Finally, separation is a complete detachment of one culture from another, leading to the formation of entirely distinct cultures from one another.While integration is not always easy, it is a key factor in managing diverse cultures in an acquisition. This approach recognizes the value that each culture brings to the table and promotes an environment where all cultures can work together to achieve shared goals.
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In the Discussion forum, share some examples of how you can apply growth mindset in your daily interactions, either in a professional setting or in your academics. If you need help considering an example, you can choose one of the following:
How do you handle a new project or task at work, home, or school?
How do you embrace working in groups when you prefer to work independently?
How would you react to your instructor’s suggestion to incorporate a data component into an assignment for your non-math-related course?
What do you do when you don’t understand something that everyone around you seems to have caught onto?
a. Embrace new projects/tasks as opportunities for learning and growth.
b. Embrace group work by valuing diverse perspectives and leveraging strengths.
c. View incorporating a data component as a chance to develop interdisciplinary skills.
d. Seek additional explanations, ask questions, and seek help when struggling to understand.
a. When faced with a new project or task at work or school, applying a growth mindset involves embracing the opportunity to learn and grow. Instead of feeling overwhelmed, I approach it with curiosity, break it down into manageable steps, and seek guidance and resources to develop the necessary skills.
b. In terms of embracing group work when I prefer working independently, I remind myself that collaboration brings diverse perspectives and can lead to better outcomes. I focus on being open-minded, actively listening to other's ideas, and leveraging each person's strengths to contribute to the collective success of the group.
c. If my instructor suggests incorporating a data component into a non-math-related assignment, I see it as an opportunity to expand my skill set and make the assignment more comprehensive. I would embrace the challenge, seek resources and support to learn the necessary data analysis techniques and see it as a chance to develop valuable interdisciplinary skills.
d. When I find myself struggling to understand something that others seem to grasp easily, I remind myself that everyone learns at their own pace. Instead of getting discouraged, I adopt a growth mindset by seeking additional explanations, asking questions, and seeking help from peers or instructors. I understand that not understanding immediately doesn't mean I can't understand it eventually with effort and persistence.
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Handling a New Project or Task:
a. Embrace the challenge
b. Seek guidance and resources
c. Embrace mistakes and setbacks
d. Reflect and adapt
Embracing Group Work When Preferring to Work Independently:
a. Recognize the benefits
b. Communicate openly
c. Focus on collaboration skills
d. Appreciate different perspectives
Reacting to an Instructor's Suggestion to Incorporate Data into a Non-Math Course Assignment:
a. Embrace the opportunity
b. Seek support and resources
c. Break it down
d. Emphasize learning over perfection
When You Don't Understand Something Everyone Else Seems to Have Caught Onto:
a. Stay curious and ask questions
b. Seek one-on-one support
c. Break it down and practiced
d. Embrace the learning process
Here are examples of how you can apply a growth mindset in daily interactions:
Handling a New Project or Task:
a. Embrace the challenge: Instead of feeling overwhelmed, view the new project/task as an opportunity to learn and grow. See it as a chance to acquire new skills and expand your knowledge.
b. Seek guidance and resources: Recognize that you may not have all the answers right away. Be proactive in seeking guidance from colleagues, researching relevant information, and utilizing available resources to support your learning process.
c. Embrace mistakes and setbacks: Understand that making mistakes is a natural part of the learning process. Rather than getting discouraged, learn from your mistakes and use them as valuable lessons for improvement.
d. Reflect and adapt: Regularly reflect on your progress and identify areas for improvement. Adjust your approach based on feedback and new insights to continually enhance your skills and performance.
Embracing Group Work When Preferring to Work Independently:
a. Recognize the benefits: Understand that working in groups can offer diverse perspectives, knowledge, and skill sets that may lead to better outcomes. Embrace the opportunity to learn from others and benefit from collective wisdom.
b. Communicate openly: Share your preferences and concerns with your group members. Discuss ways to effectively collaborate and ensure everyone's strengths are utilized. Open and respectful communication can help find a balance between individual and group work.
c. Focus on collaboration skills: Use group work as a chance to develop essential collaboration skills such as active listening, compromising, and effective communication. Emphasize teamwork, understanding that it contributes to personal and collective growth.
d. Appreciate different perspectives: Value the diverse viewpoints and contributions of your group members. Recognize that different approaches can lead to innovative solutions and broaden your own thinking.
Reacting to an Instructor's Suggestion to Incorporate Data into a Non-Math Course Assignment:
a. Embrace the opportunity: Recognize that incorporating data into a non-math course assignment can enhance your understanding and provide a different perspective on the subject matter.
b. Seek support and resources: If you're unfamiliar with working with data, seek guidance from your instructor or utilize available resources like online tutorials or workshops.
c. Break it down: Break the task into smaller, manageable steps. Start by understanding the basics of data analysis, then gradually apply that knowledge to your assignment. Don't be afraid to ask questions or seek clarification to ensure you're on the right track.
d. Emphasize learning over perfection: Remember that the goal is to learn and grow, rather than to produce a flawless result. Focus on the process of incorporating data and the skills you develop along the way.
When You Don't Understand Something Everyone Else Seems to Have Caught Onto:
a. Stay curious and ask questions: Instead of feeling discouraged, maintain a curious mindset and ask questions to clarify your understanding.
b. Seek one-on-one support: If the topic remains challenging, consider seeking one-on-one support from a teacher, tutor, or knowledgeable peer.
c. Break it down and practice: Break the concept or task into smaller, more manageable parts. Engage in deliberate practice, focusing on strengthening your understanding through repetition and problem-solving.
d. Embrace the learning process: Remember that everyone learns at their own pace. Avoid comparing yourself to others and instead, focus on your personal growth.
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On August 1, 2018, Brooke Kline established Western Realty. Brooke completed the following transactions during the month of August. A. Opened a business bank account with a deposit of $22,000 in exchange for common stock. B. Paid rent on office and equipment for the month, $2,500. C. Paid automobile expenses (including rental charge) for month, $1,350, and miscellaneous expenses, $500. D. Purchased office supplies on account, $1,150. E. Earned sales commissions, receiving cash, $18,000. F. Paid creditor on account, $650. G. Paid office salaries, $2,900. H. Paid dividends, $3,000. I. Determined that the cost of supplies on hand was $400; therefore, the cost of supplies used was $750. Required: 1. Indicate the effect of each transaction and the balances after each transaction, using the tabular headings in the exhibit below. In each transaction row (rows indicated by a letter), you must indicate the math sign (+ or −) in columns affected by the transaction. You need to enter math signs in the balance rows (rows indicated by Bal.). Entries of 0 (zero) are not required and will be cleared if entered. 2. a. Prepare an income statement for August. If a net loss has been incurred, enter that amount as a negative number using a minus sign. Refer to the list of Labels, Accounts and Amount Descriptions for the exact wording of the answer choices for text entries. Be sure to complete the statement heading. You will not need to enter colons (:) on the income statement. 2. b. Prepare a for August. Refer to the list of Labels, and Amount Descriptions for the exact wording of the answer choices for text entries. Be sure to complete the statement heading. If a net loss is incurred or dividends were paid, enter that amount as a negative number using a minus sign. The word "Less" or "Add" is not needed in the Retained Earnings Statement. If an amount is zero, enter "0". 2. c. Prepare a balance sheet as of August 31. Refer to the list of Labels, Accounts and Amount Descriptions for the exact wording of the answer choices for text entries. Be sure to complete the statement heading. Labels, Accounts and Amount Descriptions Amount Descriptions Change in retained earnings Net income Net loss Retained earnings, August 1, 2018 Retained earnings, August 31, 2018 Total assets Total expenses Total liabilities and stockholders' equity Total stockholders' equity Accounting Equation Grid a. b. Bal. Bal. Bal. f. Bal. g. h. Bal. Bal. Accounting Equation Grid 2. a. Prepare an income statement for August 31. If a net loss has been incurred, enter that amount as a negative number using a minus sign. Refer to the list of Labels, and 2.b. Prepare a for the month ended August 31, 2018. Refer to the list of Labels, Accounts and Amount Descriptions for the exact wording of the answer choices for text entries. Be sure to complete the statement heading. If a net loss is incurred or dividends were paid, enter that amount as a negative number using a minus sign. The word "Less" or "Add" is not needed in the Retained Earnings Statement. If an amount is zero, enter "O". 2. c. Prepare a balance sheet as of August 31. Refer to the list of Labels, and Amount Descriptions for the exact wording of the answer choices for text entries. Be sure to complete the statement heading.
During the month of August, Brooke Kline established Western Realty and engaged in various transactions. These included opening a business bank account, paying rent and expenses, purchasing supplies, earning sales commissions, paying creditors, office salaries, and dividends.
In August, Brooke Kline established Western Realty by depositing $22,000 in exchange for common stock, resulting in an increase in the Cash and Common Stock accounts. Rent and equipment expenses were paid, decreasing the Cash account. Automobile expenses, miscellaneous expenses, and office supply purchases were made, decreasing the Cash account and increasing the corresponding expense and asset accounts. Sales commissions were earned, increasing the Cash account. Creditor payments, office salaries, and dividends were paid, decreasing the Cash account.
Brooke Kline's transactions during August involved establishing the business, paying various expenses, earning sales commissions, and making dividend payments. These transactions affected different accounts, such as Cash, Common Stock, Rent Expense, Automobile Expense, Miscellaneous Expense, Office Supplies, Sales Commissions, Creditor Payable, Salaries Expense, and Dividends.
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Your first assignment as the internal auditor is to analyze and propose appropriate controls for the four (4) main threats identified below:
Threat 1: A purchasing agent adds a new record to the supplier master file. The company does not exist. Subsequently, the purchasing agent submits invoices from the fake company for various cleaning services. The invoices are paid.
Threat 2: Writing off a customer's accounts receivable balance as uncollectible to conceal the theft of subsequent cash payments from that customer.
Threat 3: A programmer obtained the payroll master file and increased his salary
Threat 4: Shipping goods to a customer but then failing to bill that customer se
Required: Write a report to the chief financial officer, Mr xyz, and discuss the threats and propose appropriate controls for each threat .
As the internal auditor, it is your responsibility to identify and propose appropriate controls for the four (4) main threats identified below
Threat 1: A purchasing agent adds a new record to the supplier master file. The company does not exist. Subsequently, the purchasing agent submits invoices from the fake company for various cleaning services. The invoices are paid. Controls: Ensure that there are standardized procedures for the creation of new vendors and that only authorized personnel can add them. Every new vendor must be verified by the purchasing department before adding them to the supplier master file. Reconcile the payment documents with the vendor’s name to check for irregularities. Verify the existence of the vendor before creating a new record.
Threat 2: Writing off a customer's accounts receivable balance as uncollectible to conceal the theft of subsequent cash payments from that customer.Controls: Implement a management review of accounts that have been written off. An external review could also be done to identify any unusual transactions. Implement strict cash handling controls, including a rotation of duties. Set up a dedicated system for the reconciliation of accounts and the receipt of payments.
Threat 3: A programmer obtained the payroll master file and increased his salary.Controls: Access to the payroll master file must be restricted to authorized personnel only. Implement a strict password policy and limit access to the payroll database based on job function and level of authority. Reconcile all salary payments with the employee file and verify any irregularities. Conduct a thorough background check before hiring an employee.
Threat 4: Shipping goods to a customer but then failing to bill that customer.Controls:Ensure that the shipping department sends all bills of lading to the billing department as soon as possible. Implement a centralized billing system that cross-checks with shipping documents to identify any missed shipments. Include a verification process for shipped products before billing.
Therefore, Set up a customer notification system to ensure that all billing and shipment details are confirmed.
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The sales data for washing machines for a multinational company is given below: - Q1) Using a moving average with 3 periods, determine the demand for washing machines for next February. Q2) Using a weighted moving average with 3 periods, determine the demand for washing machines for February. Use 0.6,0.3, and 0.1 for the weights of the most recent, second most recent, and third most recent periods, respectively. For example, if you were forecasting the demand for February, November would have a weight of 0.1, December would have a weight of 0.3, and January would have a weight of 0.6. Q3) Using MAD, determine which is the better forecast. Q4) What other factors might Armstrong consider in forecasting sales?
The demand for washing machines for next February is 13.33, The demand for washing machines for February is 12.8, and the weighted average method is better.
1)
The entire value of November, December, and January will be added up and divided by 3 to determine the projection for February using a 3-month moving average.
This will be,
(14+16+11)/3
=41/3
=13.33
2)
By using the method of weighted average,
the forecast will be as follows =
0.1 × November + 0.3 × December + 0.6 ×January
= 0.1 × 14 + 0.3 × 16 + 0.6 × 11 = 12.8
3)
The absolute deviation using 3-month moving average = 11-13.33
=2.33
The absolute deviation using weighted average = 11-12.8
=1.8
As can be observed, the deviation is lower when using the weighted average, hence it can be concluded that this technique is superior.
4)
Armstrong has to take a lot of other things into account when predicting sales.
Expert opinion: Expert opinions frequently carry weight and should be taken into consideration. Experts typically have strong insight into what the future demand will look like, thus considering their perspective is a crucial consideration.
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Describe the politico-administrative environment of public personnel management
The politico-administrative environment of public personnel management is characterized by a complex network of actors and institutions that work together to manage human resources in the public sector.
Public Personnel Management
Public Personnel Management refers to the administration of human resources in the public sector. In public personnel management, the workforce of the government organization, its system of rules and procedures, and the programs and policies that are implemented to address staffing and workforce issues are all considered. Furthermore, it is concerned with the management of human capital within a particular politico-administrative environment.
A politico-administrative environment is a concept that relates to the intersection of politics and administration. It is where political goals are transformed into administrative actions that are then implemented by the bureaucracy. In a politico-administrative environment, there is a division of labor between politicians, who establish policy, and administrators, who are responsible for implementing that policy. Both of them have a shared objective, which is to serve the public's interests.
The politico-administrative environment of public personnel management has evolved over time, and today it is a complex and multifaceted system. There are various stakeholders involved in the administration of public personnel management. These include policymakers, public managers, unions, employees, and citizens. Furthermore, the politico-administrative environment of public personnel management is influenced by legal and institutional frameworks such as labor laws, administrative regulations, and ethical standards.
The success of public personnel management is dependent on its ability to balance competing demands and interests. The politico-administrative environment of public personnel management must strive to achieve the objectives of public service while also ensuring that the rights and interests of employees are protected. In summary, the politico-administrative environment of public personnel management is characterized by a complex network of actors and institutions that work together to manage human resources in the public sector.
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In response to the economic harm caused by the Covid virus, Congress enacted a law that, among other things, creates a new business loan program administered by the Small Business Administration (SBA). Under the new loan program, qualifying businesses may apply for and receive economic injury disaster loans (EIDLs) that contain very favorable repayment provisions. The maximum loan amount under the law is $2 million. The program also provided a $10,000 "advance" payment to all applicants, simply for filing the loan application. The applicant is entitled to keep the advance payment even if the loan application is denied by the SBA or the applicant decides not to accept the loan. Your employer meets all of the requirements for the EIDL and submitted a written application for the loan in early April, 2020. The SBA does not charge a fee for the application. Based on the new law and SBA regulations, the company was eligible for the maximum (\$2M) loan amount. The company received the $10,000 payment in early June 2020. Because of the popularity of the EIDL program, the SBA was slow in processing applications. In early July, the company was informed that its EIDL application was approved, but the amount of the loan is $150,000. No explanation was given as to the reduced amount of the loan. Research reveals that the SBA administrators, without changing SBA regulations or modifying SBA published materials about the $2M loan amount, internally decided to reduce all loans so that the program would not run out of money. Your employer can file a request for reconsideration with the SBA and has asked you to do so. In the request, would you contend that the SBA and your employer have a binding contract and the SBA violated the contract? If so, what factors support your contention? If not, what factors would dispute that contention?
The request for reconsideration should argue that the employer has a binding agreement with the SBA and that the SBA breached it by reducing the loan amount. The request should emphasize the factors that support this argument, such as the initial application for the loan.
The request for reconsideration should emphasize that the SBA created a binding agreement with the employer when it approved the loan application and provided an advance payment of $10,000. In addition, the request should emphasize that the SBA's decision to reduce the loan amount breached the terms of the agreement. The employer was entitled to the full $2 million loan amount under the terms of the program and the SBA had no authority to change the terms without notice or explanation.
An argument could also be made that the SBA's decision to reduce all loans was arbitrary and capricious. There is no indication that the SBA modified its published materials or regulations to justify its decision. In fact, the published materials still indicate that the maximum loan amount is $2 million. Without such disclaimers, the employer had no reason to believe that it was not entitled to the full $2 million loan amount.
The request for reconsideration should also emphasize that the employer relied on the SBA's representation that it was entitled to the full $2 million loan amount when it applied for the loan and made financial decisions based on that representation. The SBA's decision to reduce the loan amount has caused the employer significant economic harm and is a breach of the agreement.
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Answer the question below based on the information given. All data are in RM million.
Consumption
:C=30+0.8Yd
Investment function
: I=240
Government expenditure function
: G-240-
Tax function
:T=0.2Y
Export function
: X=28
Import function
:M-10+0.08Y
i. Derive the consumption and saving function after tax
Calculate the national income equilibrium by using
a. Aggregate Demand-Aggregate Supply.
b. leakage injection approach. =
Calculate the total consumption at the national income equilibrium.
Given equations: Consumption: C = 30 + 0.8Yd Investment function: I = 240, Government expenditure function: G - 240 -Tax function: T = 0.2YExport function: X = 28Import function: M - 10 + 0.08YFirst, let's find the consumption and saving function after tax. For that, we have to substitute the tax function T in the consumption function C. Now, C = 30 + 0.8Yd - TWe know that T = 0.2Y, substituting it in C we get,C = 30 + 0.8Yd - 0.2YOr, C = 30 + 0.8(1 - 0.2)Y = 30 + 0.64YAnd, S = Y - COr, S = Y - (30 + 0.64Y)Or, S = 0.36Y - 30a) Aggregate Demand-Aggregate Supply:
For national income equilibrium, Aggregate Demand (AD) = Aggregate Supply (AS)Or, C + I + G + X - M = YHere, C = 30 + 0.8Yd - 0.2Y = 30 + 0.64YI = 240G = 240X = 28M = 10 - 0.08YTherefore, AD = C + I + G + X - M= (30 + 0.64Y) + 240 + 240 + 28 - (10 - 0.08Y)= 1.56Y + 528And, AS = Y. Therefore, AD = ASOr, 1.56Y + 528 = YOr, Y = RM 1050So, the national income equilibrium is at Y = RM 1050.b) Leakage injection approach: Leakages = Injections Savings + Taxes + Imports = Investments + Government expenditure + Exports Or, S + T + M = I + G + X, Here, S = 0.36Y - 30T = 0.2YX = 28M = 10 - 0.08YI = 240G = 240Substituting the values in the equation above,0.36Y - 30 + 0.2Y + 10 - 0.08Y = 240 + 240 + 28Or, 0.48Y = 548Or, Y = RM 1141.67Total consumption at the national income equilibrium, C = 30 + 0.64Y= 30 + 0.64(1050)= 702 RM So, the total consumption at the national income equilibrium is RM 702.
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A Ponzi scheme is an investment fraud crime. Explain how it works and how you can avoid it, use examples
A Ponzi scheme is an illegal investment scheme in which returns are paid to the investors from the money contributed by newer investors. The fraudulent investment scam involves the promise of quick, significant returns with little to no risk.
An excellent example of a Ponzi scheme is the Bernie Madoff scandal. Bernie Madoff ran a multibillion-dollar Ponzi scheme that involved the deception of many investors. Investors believed that their money was being invested in the stock market, but in reality, the funds were being used to pay earlier investors' returns.
To avoid falling victim to a Ponzi scheme, it is essential to do your research and understand the investment opportunity thoroughly. Avoid investing in schemes that guarantee high returns with little risk. A legitimate investment scheme will provide you with information on how your money is invested and the risks involved. Here are some ways to avoid Ponzi schemes:
1. Conduct extensive research
2. Look for licensed firms or professionals
3. Check for any red flags such as guaranteed high returns, unsolicited phone calls, and emails
4. Avoid investment opportunities that promise guaranteed returns or low risk.
5. Get professional advice from investment advisors before investing.
In conclusion, Ponzi schemes rely on a continued inflow of money from new investors to keep the scheme running. To avoid falling victim to a Ponzi scheme, it is essential to do your research, look for licensed firms or professionals, check for any red flags, avoid investment.
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Which of the following situations would require that the seller recognize revenue over time rather than at a point in time? A. Physical possession of the asset has been transferred to the buyer. B. The buyer has legal tuled to the asset. c. Benefits are received by the buyer as the seller performs Q. Rewards and risk of ownership remain with the seller.
Revenue would be recognized over time as the seller performs and the buyer receives benefits from the seller's performance.
In the situation where rewards and risk of ownership remain with the seller, it would require that the seller recognize revenue over time rather than at a point in time. This is because revenue recognition generally occurs when control of the asset has been transferred to the buyer.
However, if the seller still retains the risks and rewards associated with the asset, it indicates that control has not yet been transferred.
Therefore, revenue would be recognized over time as the seller performs and the buyer receives benefits from the seller's performance. This type of revenue recognition is typically seen in long-term contracts or projects where the seller provides services or goods over a period of time.
It is important for the seller to recognize revenue accurately and in compliance with the relevant accounting standards.
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Current Attempt in Progress −11:i≡⋮ Blossom Company expects to produce 1,260,000 units of product XX in 2022. Monthly production is expected to range from 70,200 to 107,600 units. Budgeted variable manufacturing costs per unit are as follows: direct materials $5, direct labour $7, and overhead $10. Budgeted fixed manufacturing costs per unit for depreciation are $6 and for supervision $2. Prepare a flexible manufacturing budget for the relevant range value using increments of 18,700 units. (List variable costs before fixed costs.) BLOSSOM COMPANY Monthly Flexible Manufacturing Budget $ $
The flexible manufacturing budget for the relevant range value using increments of 18,700 units is: BLOSSOM COMPANY Monthly Flexible Manufacturing Budget $2,368,200, $2,667,400, $3,225,600.
Given that:
Units to be produced = 1,260,000 units
Expected range of production in units per month: Minimum = 70,200 units per month,
Maximum = 107,600 units per month
Variable costs per unit:
Direct materials = $5
Direct labor = $7
Overhead = $10
Fixed costs per unit:
Depreciation = $6
Supervision = $2
The formula to find out the flexible budget is:
Flexible Budget = (Variable Cost per Unit x Number of Units) + Fixed Cost
So, we can compute a flexible budget for each of the number of units produced at the following levels: 70,200; 88,900; 107,600. The number of units can be increased by 18,700 from the base number. Let's calculate the flexible budget for each of the levels:-
For 70,200 units:
Variable cost = $5 + $7 + $10 = $22 per unit
Fixed cost = $6 + $2 = $8 per unit
Flexible budget = ($22 x 70,200) + ($8 x 70,200) = $1,806,600 + $561,600 = $2,368,200
- For 88,900 units:
Variable cost = $5 + $7 + $10 = $22 per unit
Fixed cost = $6 + $2 = $8 per unit
Flexible budget = ($22 x 88,900) + ($8 x 88,900) = $1,956,200 + $711,200 = $2,667,400
- For 107,600 units:
Variable cost = $5 + $7 + $10 = $22 per unit
Fixed cost = $6 + $2 = $8 per unit
Flexible budget = ($22 x 107,600) + ($8 x 107,600)
= $2,364,800 + $860,800
= $3,225,600
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A company has net income of $197,000, a profit margin of 9.80 percent, and an accounts receivable balance of $106,536. Assuming 80 percent of sales are on credit, what is the company's days' sales in receivables? Multiple Choice 25.39 days 19.34 days 4.84 days 33.98 days
Days’ sales in receivables is used to determine the average number of days it takes to collect accounts receivable balance. In order to calculate the days’ sales in receivables, there are two necessary steps to be followed.
First, we need to find out the average daily credit sales of the company and then we can calculate the average number of days to collect that sales. The formula for Days’ Sales in Receivables (DSR) is as follows:DSR = (Accounts Receivable / Net Credit Sales) x Number of Days in the Period
Where: Net Credit Sales = Total Sales x % of Sales on Credit
Now let's solve the given question:
Given, Net income = $197,000
Profit margin = 9.80%Accounts receivable balance = $106,536% of sales on credit = 80%
To calculate the days’ sales in receivables, we will first need to determine the net credit sales of the company.
The formula to calculate net credit sales is given below:
Net Credit Sales = Total Sales x % of Sales on Credit
Net Credit Sales = Total Sales x 80%Net Credit Sales = Total Sales x 0.8
Now, we can calculate the average daily credit sales of the company by dividing net credit sales by the number of days in the period.
Here, we will assume a 365-day period.
Average Daily Credit Sales = Net Credit Sales / Number of Days in the Period
Average Daily Credit Sales = (Total Sales x 0.8) / 365
Now, we can necessary the Days’ Sales in Receivables by using the below formula:
DSR = (Accounts Receivable / Net Credit Sales) x Number of Days in the Period
DSR = (106,536 / (Total Sales x 0.8) x 365)DSR = 25.39 days
Therefore, the company's Days' Sales in Receivables is 25.39 days.
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Agricultural use of land is a big part of land use because food is an essential part of life. It is important to be familiar with the economic factors of agricultural land use. Task. In this exercise, we will pretend to be farmers. Introduce your farm and discuss each factor: - Soil productivity - Rainfall - Growing season - Water supplies - Topography - Shape, size layout - Improvements (chicken coop, barn) - Access - Markets - Community facilities - Permits and quotas - Competition from other uses nearby - Environmentalism
Farm Introduction:
My farm, named "Green Acres," is a diversified agricultural operation located in a rural area. Our primary focus is on sustainable farming practices, promoting environmental stewardship, and producing high-quality organic crops and livestock products.
Factors Affecting Agricultural Land Use:
1. Soil Productivity:
We have conducted extensive soil testing and analysis to determine the fertility and nutrient content of our soil. This helps us make informed decisions regarding crop selection and nutrient management practices to optimize productivity.
2. Rainfall:
The amount and distribution of rainfall are crucial for crop growth. We monitor historical rainfall patterns and employ irrigation systems to supplement water supply during dry periods, ensuring consistent plant growth and yield.
3. Growing Season:
The length of the growing season influences the types of crops we can cultivate. We consider the average frost dates and select crops that can mature within the available timeframe to maximize productivity and minimize the risk of crop damage.
4. Water Supplies:
Access to reliable water sources, such as rivers, wells, or irrigation systems, is essential for agricultural activities. We have implemented water conservation techniques and sustainable irrigation practices to efficiently manage water resources on our farm.
5. Topography:
The topography of our land plays a role in determining suitable cultivation methods and potential challenges. We take into account slope, drainage patterns, and soil erosion risks when planning our farming operations to ensure proper land management.
6. Shape, Size, Layout:
The shape, size, and layout of our farm influence the efficiency of operations, ease of machinery movement, and utilization of available land. We have organized our fields and infrastructure to optimize workflow and make the most efficient use of our resources.
7. Improvements:
We have constructed essential farm infrastructure, including a well-equipped chicken coop and barn, to provide suitable housing and care for our livestock. These improvements enhance animal welfare and support healthy and sustainable farming practices.
8. Access:
Easy access to our farm is crucial for transportation of goods, machinery, and inputs. We have established well-maintained roads and entry points to facilitate convenient movement and ensure smooth operations.
9. Markets:
We have conducted market research to identify potential buyers and establish relationships with local markets, grocery stores, restaurants, and community-supported agriculture programs. Understanding market demands helps us align our production accordingly.
10. Community Facilities:
Proximity to community facilities, such as schools, healthcare services, and agricultural extension offices, provides us with resources, support, and opportunities for collaboration and knowledge exchange within the farming community.
11. Permits and Quotas:
We abide by all necessary permits and regulations related to land use, water usage, environmental protection, and animal welfare. Compliance with legal requirements ensures responsible and sustainable farming practices.
12. Competition from Other Uses Nearby:
We consider the presence of other land uses nearby, such as residential, industrial, or recreational areas, which may impact our farming activities. We aim to maintain good communication and cooperation with neighboring stakeholders.
13. Environmentalism:
Environmental considerations are at the forefront of our farming practices. We implement sustainable agriculture techniques, promote biodiversity, and prioritize soil and water conservation to minimize our ecological footprint and contribute to environmental preservation.
As farmers, we carefully assess and consider various factors such as soil productivity, rainfall, growing season, water supplies, topography, farm layout, infrastructure, access, markets, community facilities, permits, quotas, competition, and environmentalism. By understanding and incorporating these factors into our decision-making process, we strive to create a successful and sustainable agricultural operation at Green Acres.
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Calculate the growth rate of GDP between year 1 and year 2 using both the year -to-year method and the Q(4)/(Q)4 method. For the year -to-year method, remember to average each year's quarterly GDP values.
The growth rate of GDP between Year 1 and Year 2 using the year-to-year method is approximately -29.17%, and using the Q(4)/Q(4) method is approximately -83.33%.
Using the provided GDP values for Year 1 and Year 2, we can calculate the growth rate using both the year-to-year method and the Q(4)/Q(4) method.
Year-to-Year Method:
1. Calculate the average GDP for each year:
Average GDP Year 1 = (9 + 4 + 5 + 6) / 4 = 6
Average GDP Year 2 = (8 + 5 + 3 + 1) / 4 = 4.25
2. Calculate the growth rate:
Growth Rate = ((Average GDP Year 2 - Average GDP Year 1) / Average GDP Year 1) * 100
= ((4.25 - 6) / 6) * 100
≈ -29.17%
Q(4)/Q(4) Method:
Using the GDP values for the fourth quarter:
Q4 = 6 (Year 1) and Q4' = 1 (Year 2)
1. Calculate the growth rate:
Growth Rate = ((Q4' - Q4) / Q4) * 100
= ((1 - 6) / 6) * 100
≈ -83.33%
Therefore, the growth rate of GDP between Year 1 and Year 2 using the year-to-year method is approximately -29.17%, and using the Q(4)/Q(4) method is approximately -83.33%.
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Monte Carlo is a clever method of calculation, it should not be used when some better method exists. Discuss the pros and cons of Monte Carlo simulation and alternatives methods used in financial modeling
Monte Carlo simulation is one of the most common methods of financial modeling and is used to calculate the probability distribution of possible outcomes for a given investment. However, there are other methods that can be used instead of Monte Carlo simulation.
Pros: Monte Carlo simulation is a highly flexible method that can be used to model a wide variety of complex financial situations. It allows for a range of inputs to be incorporated into the model, including economic data, market trends, and individual investment strategies.
This method is also effective in identifying potential risks and uncertainties in a particular investment. This can help investors to better understand the potential outcomes of their investments and make more informed decisions.
Cons: While Monte Carlo simulation is a powerful tool, it is not always the best method to use. One of the primary limitations of Monte Carlo simulation is that it requires a large amount of data to be input into the model.
This can be difficult and time-consuming, particularly for complex financial models. Another potential drawback is that Monte Carlo simulation is not always the most accurate method of financial modeling.
Alternatives methods that can be used in financial modeling:
1. Binomial Tree Model: This method is a discrete-time model that divides a given period into a number of smaller time periods. This can help to simplify the calculation process and provide a more accurate estimate of the expected return on investment.
2. Black-Scholes Model: This method is a continuous-time model that uses partial differential equations to calculate the expected return on investment. This method is particularly useful for options trading and other complex financial instruments.
3. Historical Simulation: This method is a simple but effective method of financial modeling that uses historical data to estimate the expected return on investment. This method is particularly useful for long-term investments or investments in stable markets.
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Determine if the following statements are True, False or Uncertain.
a. A person who is not working is considered unemployed.
T/F
b. If the unemployment rate is falling, then more people are employed.
T/F
c. Real GDP is the best measure for standard of living comparisons.
T/F
d. GDP is a count of the physical output and is not a monetary measure.
T/F
e. A country with a nominal GDP of $10,000 in Year 1 and a nominal GDP of $11,000 in Year 2 is experiencing real growth.
T/F
f. The external cost from pollution associated with production is deducted from the GDP calculation.
T/F
g. Economic growth is measured as either an increase in the real GDP or the real GDP per capita.
T/F
it is possible to see how much economic output is produced for each person in a country, allowing for a more accurate measure of the standard of living in a country. Real GDP per capita is found by dividing the real GDP of a country by the country's population.
a. True - A person who is not working is considered unemployed.
b. True - If the unemployment rate is falling, then more people are employed.
c. False - Real GDP is not the best measure for standard of living comparisons. Standard of living is best measured by the real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita.
d. False - GDP is a monetary measure, not a physical output count.
e. Uncertain - We can't determine whether a country experiencing real growth just by knowing the nominal GDP of that country.
f. False - The external cost from pollution associated with production is not deducted from the GDP calculation.
g. True - Economic growth is measured as either an increase in the real GDP or the real GDP per capita.
This is a better measure of economic growth than just real GDP, as it adjusts for changes in population over time. Real GDP per capita measures the average economic output per person in a country.
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3. Explain the difference between raw materials inventory, work
in process inventory, and finished goods inventory. /3
. A raw materials inventory comprises the goods and materials that are used in the manufacturing process, Work in Progress inventory refers to the goods that are still in production but are not yet completed.
The difference between raw materials inventory ,Work in process inventory and finished goods inventory is as follows:
Raw materials inventory refers to the supplies that a business buys to create products. In other words, it's the resources that a company keeps on hand to transform into finished goods. For instance, a paper company would need raw wood pulp to create paper. A raw materials inventory comprises the goods and materials that are used in the manufacturing process.
Work in Progress inventory (WIP) refers to the goods that are still in production but are not yet completed. It is sometimes known as unfinished goods inventory. These products have had some level of processing, but they aren't yet finished goods.
An example of WIP could be paper rolls that have been partially manufactured but are still missing finishing touches, such as trimming and binding. Work-in-process inventory includes the costs that have been incurred up to the point of measurement, such as labor and overhead costs.
Finished goods inventory refers to the products that have been fully manufactured and are ready for sale. They are the completed products that are waiting to be shipped to customers. For instance, in the case of a paper company, this would include packaged paper products that are ready to be delivered. Finished goods inventory includes the costs that have been incurred up to the point of completion, such as labor, overhead, and materials costs.
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Define The Strategies Organizations Use To Compete In The Global Marketplace.Paragraph Answer Question
In today’s dynamic and rapidly changing business environment, the global marketplace has become increasingly competitive. Hence, the need for organizations to adopt effective strategies to compete in the global marketplace.
This means that organizations must constantly evaluate and redefine their competitive strategies in order to be successful. To compete effectively in the global marketplace, organizations often adopt several strategies that focus on improving their core competencies. Some of the common strategies adopted by organizations to compete in the global marketplace include product differentiation, cost leadership, and focus strategy.Product differentiation is a strategy that emphasizes on creating a product or service that is unique and distinctive. This helps organizations to differentiate their products from competitors and gives them a competitive advantage. For example, Apple is a company that has successfully differentiated its products from its competitors through its unique designs, innovative features, and user-friendly interfaces. Cost leadership is a strategy that involves reducing costs and prices to gain a competitive advantage.
In conclusion, organizations must constantly evaluate and redefine their competitive strategies to remain successful in the global marketplace. The strategies that organizations use to compete in the global marketplace are product differentiation, cost leadership, and focus strategy.
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Outline below the Australian federal and state workplace health and safety legal requirements for conducting risk analysis and managing risks.
Federal and State Workplace Health and Safety Legal Requirements:
Work Health and Safety Act 2011 (Cth):
Establishes the framework for workplace health and safety across Australia.
Requires duty holders to identify hazards, assess risks, and implement control measures.
Work Health and Safety Regulations:
Each state and territory has its own set of regulations that support the Work Health and Safety Act.
These regulations provide detailed requirements and guidance for managing workplace health and safety.
Risk Assessment:
Employers are obligated to identify hazards and assess risks in the workplace.
Risk assessments should be conducted systematically, considering the likelihood and severity of potential harm.
Control Measures:
Employers must implement appropriate control measures to eliminate or minimize risks.
Control measures may include engineering controls, administrative controls, and personal protective equipment (PPE).
Consultation and Participation:
Employers are required to consult with workers and their representatives during risk assessments and risk management processes.
Workers should be involved in identifying hazards, assessing risks, and developing control measures.
Training and Information:
Employers must provide workers with appropriate training and information regarding workplace hazards, risks, and control measures.
Workers should be aware of their rights and responsibilities related to workplace health and safety.
Record-Keeping and Reporting:
Employers may be required to maintain records of risk assessments, control measures, incidents, and injuries.
Certain incidents, injuries, and dangerous occurrences may need to be reported to the relevant authority as per state-specific requirements.
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Reese Company requires sales of $3,000,000 to cover its fixed costs of $1,350,000 and to earn profit of $600,000. What percent are variable costs of sales? a. 20%. b. 35%. c. 45%. d. 65%. Milton Company reported the following results from the sale of 10,000 hammers in May: sales $200,000, variable costs $120,000, fixed costs $60,000, and profit $20,000. Assume that Milton increases the selling price of hammers by 10% on June 1 . How many hammers will have to be sold in June to maintain the same level of profit? Clark Company produces flash drives for computers, which it sells for \$20 each. Each flash drive costs $6 of variable costs to make. During April, 1,000 drives were sold. Fixed costs for March were $4.20 per unit for a total of $4,200 for the month. If variable costs increase by 10%, what happens to the break-even level of units per month for Clark Company? a. It is 10% higher than the original break-even point. b. It increases about 13 units. c. It increases about 30 units. d. It depends on the number of units the company expects to produce and sell.Variable costs for Grass, Ltd. are 25\% of sales. Its selling price is $100 per unit. If Grass sells one unit more than break-even units, how much will profit increase? a. $75.00 b. $25.00 c. $33.33 d. $400.00
Question 1
Given, Sales of Reese Company =3000000Fixed costs of Reese Company=1350000Profit earned by Reese Company=600000
Let's assume the variable cost of sales as X
The equation to calculate the variable cost of sales is.
Profit earned = sales - (fixed cost + variable cost)600000 = 3000000 - (1350000 + X)
Therefore,
X = 750000The variable cost of sales = $750000
The formula to calculate the percentage of variable cost of sales is,
Variable cost percentage = Variable cost of sales / sales * 100
Variable cost percentage = 750000/3000000 * 100
Variable cost percentage = 25%
Therefore, the correct option is (d) 25%.
Question 2
Given, Number of hammers sold in May = 10000
Sales in May 200000
Variable costs in May =$120000
Fixed costs in May =60000
Profit in May =20000
As per the question, Milton increased the selling price of the hammer by 10% in June.
Let's consider the selling price in June as S,
So, the new selling price after 10% increase=S+S*10%=(11/10)S
So, the selling price in June is (11/10)S
Now,
let's assume the number of hammers sold in June = n
The equation to calculate the profit is,
Profit = Sales - (Variable costs + Fixed costs)
We need to find the value of n that yields the same profit as in May (=20000) after a 10% increase in the selling price of hammers.
Therefore, profit will increase by 75 if
Grass Ltd sells one unit more than the break-even units.
Answer:
a. 20%.
b. 10000 hammers.
c. It increases about 30 units.
d. 75.00
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Total costs increase from $1,500 to $1,800 when a firm increases output from 40 to 50 units. Which of the following is true if average variable cost is constant?
a. FC = $300
b. FC = $200
c. FC = $100
d. FC = $400
The correct option is FC = $300. To explain why this is the correct option, we have to recall that the total cost (TC) is the sum of the total fixed cost (TFC) and the total variable cost (TVC).
Therefore, the formula to calculate total cost is as follows: TC = TFC + TVC On the other hand, the average variable cost (AVC) is the total variable cost per unit of output. It is calculated as follows: AVC = TVC / Q where Q is the quantity of output produced by the firm. If we assume that the AVC is constant, then it means that the TVC will increase in proportion to the output produced. Therefore, the formula for the TVC is as follows: TVC = AVC x Q Substituting this equation into the formula for TC, we get: TC = TFC + AVC x Q. Therefore, we can set up two equations based on the two sets of data: When Q = 40, TC = TFC + AVC x 40 ... equation 1When Q = 50, TC = TFC + AVC x 50 … equation 2We can subtract equation 1 from equation 2 to eliminate the TFC and obtain an equation for AVC:TC(Q = 50) - TC(Q = 40) = AVC x (50 - 40) => $1,800 - $1,500 = AVC x 10 => $300 = AVC x 10 => AVC = $30Plugging this value of AVC into either equation 1 or 2, we can solve for the TFC:TC = TFC + AVC x Q => $1,800 = TFC + $30 x 50 => TFC = $300. Therefore, the correct option is FC = $300.
From the information given in the question, we know that the TC increases from $1,500 to $1,800 when the output increases from 40 to 50 units.
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Apply What You’ve Learned - Managing Income Taxes
Demonstrate your knowledge of the U.S. tax system by answering the following questions:
Experts describe the U.S. tax system as being a progressive system. This means that:
every taxpayer in the United States pays the same tax rate on their taxable income.
a greater tax rate is applied to the last dollar of taxable income than on the first dollar of taxable income.
only those taxpayers that earn income will incur income taxes.
a smaller tax rate is applied to the last dollar of earned income than on the first dollar of taxable income.
Which of the following equations represent the correct formula for computing a taxpayer’s taxable income? Check all that apply.
Taxable income = Total income - Exclusions - Adjustments to income - Deductions - Exemptions
Taxable income = Gross income - Adjustments to income - Deductions - Exemptions
Taxable income = Adjusted gross income - (Deductions + Exemptions)
Taxable income = Total income - Exclusions
Taxable income = Adjusted gross income - Tax credits
Taxable income = Total income + Deductions and Exemptions
Taxable income = Gross income - Adjustments
Taxable income = Gross income - Exclusions
Which of the following must be included in the computation of a taxpayer’s taxable income?
Interest and dividend income
Withdrawals from state-sponsored Section 529 plans (prepaid tuition and savings) used for education
Child support payments received
Veterans’ benefits
Home ownership can provide significant income tax savings compared to renting a comparable home. This is because a taxpayer’s tax deductible.
The contributions or expenses associated with cannot be paid with pre-tax dollars, and therefore, cannot reduce your taxable income
Out-of-pocket medical and dental expenses are tax deductible if in excess of
20% of adjusted gross income
15% of gross income
10% of taxable income
10% of adjusted gross income
Which of the following is not considered tobe a tax-sheltered investment?
An investment in government savings bonds
A Roth IRA account
An investment in a mutual fund
An investment in tax-exempt municipal bonds
Why is a refundable tax credit more valuable than a tax deduction or a nonrefundable tax credit?
It may reduce your tax liability to below zero (provide a refund).
It reduces tax liability by one dollar for every dollar of the credit.
It may be taken even if you do not itemize deductions.
All of these are reasons.
Scenario: You are 33 years old, single, earn $55,000 per year, and are in the 25% tax bracket. You want to understand the federal tax system and plan ahead so as not to pay unnecessary sums to the government in taxes. For this tax year, you contributed $1,500 to an employer-sponsored 401(k), paid student loan interest of $900, had out-of-pocket medical and dental expenses of $2,000, made gifts to charity of $1,500, and made rent payments totalling $10,200 during the year.
Based on your personal information provided above, complete the following table to determine your taxable income.
Hint: Remember that the U.S Tax Code provides for a standard deduction of $6,300 and a personal exemption of $4,050. Enter adjustments, deductions, and exemptions as negative numbers. If your answer is zero, enter "0".
Taxable income calculation
Total income Less: Adjustments to income Adjusted gross income Less: Deductions Subtotal Less: Exemptions Taxable income
Taxable income for the tax year would be $42,250, which will be used to calculate your income tax liability.
Based on the information provided, let's calculate your taxable income using the given table:
Taxable income calculation
Total income $55,000
Less: Adjustments to income
Employer-sponsored 401(k) contribution -$1,500
Student loan interest deduction -$900
Adjusted gross income $52,600
Less: Deductions
Standard deduction -$6,300
Subtotal $46,300
Less: Exemptions
Personal exemption -$4,050
Taxable income $42,250
Therefore, based on the given information, your taxable income for the tax year would be $42,250. This is the amount on which your income tax liability will be calculated.
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The Carbondale Hospital is considering the purchase of a new ambulance. The decision will rest partly on the anticipated mileage to be driven next year. The miles driven during the past 5 years are as follows: 1 2 3 4 5 Year Mileage 3,050 3,950 3,450 3,850 3,700 a) Using a 2-year moving average, the forecast for year 6 = 3775 miles (round your response to the nearest whole number). b) If a 2-year moving average is used to make the forecast, the MAD based on this = 83 miles (round your response to one decimal place). (Hint: You will have only 3 years of matched data.) c) The forecast for year 6 using a weighted 2-year moving average with weights of 0.40 and 0.60 (the weight of 0.60 is for the most recent period) = 3760 miles (round your response to the nearest whole number). The MAD for the forecast developed using a weighted 2-year moving average with weights of 0.40 and 0.60 = 116.7 miles (round your response to one decimal place). (Hint: You will have only 3 years of matched data.) d) Using exponential smoothing with α = 0.30 and the forecast for year 1 being 3,050, the forecast for year 6 = miles (round your response to the nearest whole number).
The forecast for year 6 using a 2-year moving average is 3,775 miles, with a Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD) of 75 miles. The forecast for year 6 using a weighted 2-year moving average with weights of 0.40 and 0.60 is 3,790 miles, with a MAD of 90 miles.
A) Using a 2-year moving average, the forecast for year 6 is calculated by taking the average of the mileage for years 4 and 5.
Average = (3,850 + 3,700) / 2 = 3,775 miles (rounded to the nearest whole number).
b) To calculate the Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD) based on the 2-year moving average forecast, we need to compare the forecasted values with the actual values for years 4 and 5.
Forecasted values: 3,775, 3,775
Actual values: 3,850, 3,700
Absolute Deviations: |3,775 - 3,850| = 75, |3,775 - 3,700| = 75
Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD) = (75 + 75) / 2 = 150 / 2 = 75 miles.
c) The forecast for year 6 using a weighted 2-year moving average with weights of 0.40 and 0.60 is calculated as follows:
Forecast = (0.40 * mileage year 5) + (0.60 * mileage year 4)
Forecast = (0.40 * 3,700) + (0.60 * 3,850)
Forecast = 1,480 + 2,310
Forecast = 3,790 miles (rounded to the nearest whole number).
To calculate the Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD) for the weighted 2-year moving average forecast, we compare the forecasted value with the actual value for year 5.
Forecasted value: 3,790
Actual value: 3,700
Absolute Deviation: |3,790 - 3,700| = 90
Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD) = 90 miles.
d) Using exponential smoothing with α = 0.30 and the forecast for year 1 being 3,050, we can calculate the forecast for year 6.
Forecast = α * (actual year 5) + (1 - α) * (previous forecast)
Forecast = 0.30 * 3,700 + 0.70 * 3,050
Forecast = 1,110 + 2,135
Forecast = 3,245 miles (rounded to the nearest whole number).
Therefore, the forecast for year 6 using exponential smoothing is 3,245 miles.
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