Hadean Eon (Precambrian Time):
4.6 bya-3.8 bya460 cm -380 cm0.8 billion yearsArchaean Eon (Precambrian Time):
3.8 bya-2.5 bya380 cm-250 cm1.3 billion yearsProterozoic Eon (Precambrian Time):
2500 mya-543 mya250 cm - 54.3 cm1957 million yearsCambrian Period:
543 mya-490 mya54.0 cm-49.0 cm53 million yearsOrdovician Period:
490 mya-443 mya49.0 cm-44.3 cm47 million yearsSilurian Period:
443 mya-417 mya44.3 cm-41.7 cm26 million yearsDevonian Period:
417 mya-354 mya41.7 cm-35.4 cm63 million yearsCarboniferous Period:
354 mya-290 mya35.4 cm - 29.0 cm64 million yearsPermian Period:
290 mya-245 mya29.0 cm-24.5 cm45 million yearsTriassic Period:
245 mya-206 mya24.5 cm-20.6 cm39 million yearsJurassic Period:
206 mya-144 mya20.6 cm-14.4 cm62 million yearsCretaceous Period:
144 mya-65 mya14.4 cm-6.5 cm79 million yearsLearn more about the geological time scale here:
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How do humoral and cell mediated immunity help each other
Please help me thanks
Humoral immunity protects the body against extracellular pathogens and Cell mediated immunity protects the body from intracellular pathogens .
Humoral immunity: It is the process adaptive immunity manifested by the production of antibodies by B lymphocytes. It develops the bone marrow. B cells may be trigged to proliferate into plasma cells.
Cell mediated immunity: Cell mediated immunity is an immune response that does not involve antibodies but rather involves the activation of macrophages and NK cells.
Humoral immunity and cell mediated immunity works together with assistance from helper T cells, B cells.
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When minute samples of DNA need to be genetically analyzed for identification purposes, which test can be effectively used to make more of the DNA
Answer:
When minute samples of DNA need to be genetically analyzed for identification purposes, which test can be effectively used? Fluorescent dye can be used as a label to trace antibody-antigen reactions in an ELISA assay
DNA is the genetic material that is the unit of inheritance. Small DNA samples can be increased in amount by the technique called PCR. Thus, option D is correct.
What is PCR?Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is the technique used in biotechnology to quantitatively increase the amount of genetic material. It has been known to create billions and millions of copies of the sample.
The small DNA sample can be amplified by the process of PCR which involves the production of the DNA sample by the polymerase and primers to add the bases to the strand.
The DNA undergoes thermal cycling where the temperature of the system first increases in denaturation followed by a drop in temperature in annealing and lastly again a rise of temperature in extension.
Therefore, the PCR technique can increase the amount of small DNA samples.
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Your question is incomplete, but most probably your full question was, When minute samples of DNA need to be genetically analyzed for identification purposes, which test can be effectively used?
A. direct fluorescence antibody
B. Widal
C. Weil-Felix reaction
D. PCR
E. direct antigen reaction
write 7 differences between cell and virus.
Hey there! Here are 7 differences between a cell and a virus:
A cell is a significant structural and functional unit of all living organisms. Instead, a virus is an infectious agent that is considered non-living. The cell is a living component, unlike a virus that is a parasite. Cells are present in a living form, on the other hand, the virus is present in both living and non-livingA virus doesn’t contain any kind of cytoplasm, cell wall, cell membrane, ribosome or mitochondrion, whereas a cell contains all of these (depending on what kind of cell it is). Many viruses do not even have a membrane, often formed of only a protein capsid containing the DNA or RNA based genome. Cells can exist independently like bacteria or can be as a part of larger organisms like our own cells in the body. Viruses on the other hand are non-living infectious particles that are dependant on a living host to reproduce.Cells reproduce through binary fission and mitosis or meiosis. When a virus replicates, it uses lytic fission to do itVirus particles are slightly smaller than a cell.Hope this helped. Explanations and examples are included within the points.
- profparis
During lunch each day, Alex and Hailey have been noticing the trashcans around the lunchroom are filling rather quickly with cans and bottles. They decide a recycling program would be beneficial for their school and the environment, so they brainstorm ways to get the program started. Before discussing their idea with the principal, they need to decide which of their plans would best solve the problem. Which of their ideas would best solve the problem with the least amount of inconvenience (disturbance) for everyone involved?
options:
A. Place plastic and metal recycling bins next to each lunchroom trash can.
B. Remove all vending machines that sell plastic bottles or aluminum cans.
C. Get a petition started to build a recycling center close to the school.
D. Ask volunteers to separate recyclable materials from the trash.
Plants must have nitrates to help them grow. what must happen to nitrogen for it to be usable by plants?
Answer:
Nitrogen Fixation
Explanation:
Nitrogen is converted from atmospheric nitrogen (N2) into usable forms, such as NO2-, in a process known as fixation.
Plants must use nitrates in a form of nitrogen, which is needed to make proteins for healthy growth.
What impact on plants due to depletion of nitrates or nitrogen?Nitrate plays a very important role in our ecosystem such that due to presence of nitrogen plants grow fastly and produce fruits of bigger size flowers too.
Plants absorb nitrates from water through their roots without nitrates, the amount of chlorophyll in leaves reduces.
Nitrate is a common inorganic ion found in plants which is required for proper growth and development of the plant and growers include the percentage of nitrates in their nutrient requirement to starts plant growth. Plants acquire nitrate through root intake from the soil and water around them.
Hence due to decreasing percentage of nitrogen plants are getting yellowed it means it produces smaller fruit.
In modern era farmers add nitrogen containing fertilizers which produce large amount of grains, foods and fruits which is also diseases free.
Therefore,Plants must use nitrates in a form of nitrogen, which is needed to make proteins for healthy growth.
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Models are important in science. Some models are verbal models, which are full elaborate descriptions that can help someone visualize the concept. You have seen various visuals of Earths layers. Create a verbal model of
Earth
s interior. In your model, describe the following:
1. The main layers of Earths interior and the indirect evidence that helped us determine the layers.
2. The flow of matter in the mantle and in the core and the effects of that flow.
3. The source of thermal energy and how energy flows throughout the layers. (Hint: think of the cause of the convection currents)
The main layers of Earths interior are the inner core, the outer core, the mantle and the crust.
What is the indirect evidence that helped us determine the layers?Use of seismic waves is the indirect evidence that helped us determine the layers. When earthquakes occur they produce seismic waves.
The flow of matter occurs by convection. The dense crust subducts back into the mantle exert forces on crustal plates that then move, producing tectonic activity.
So we can conclude that The main layers of Earths interior are the inner core, the outer core, the mantle and the crust.
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Learning Task No. 3: Performance Task Sanitizer/Disinfectant 1. Chlorine 2. lodine 3. Vinegar Advantages 4TH QUARTER LEAP Disadvantages
Answer:
iodine
Explanation:
it has the maximum potential for the Chemical to leak down.
Match each term to its description.
Match Term Definition
Mixed farming A) Using the symbiotic relationship between growing crops and raising livestock
Crop rotation B) Growing different types of crops in the same area or in different seasons
Windbreaks C) Planting usually made up of one or more rows of trees or shrubs
Green crop D) Using crop waste or low-lying plants to cover the soil and supply nutrients
Agriculture is the cultivation of soil, through its own procedures, methods and techniques, which seek to produce food for human consumption.
Match each term to its description.Crop rotation A) Using the symbiotic relationship between growing crops and raising livestockMixed farming B) Growing different types of crops in the same area or in different seasonsWindbreaks C) Planting usually consisting of one or more rows of trees or shrubsGreen crop D) Using crop residues or low plants to cover soil and provide nutrientsWith this information, we can conclude that agriculture is the cultivation of soil, through its own procedures, methods and techniques, which seek to produce food for human consumption.
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1. (c) explain why the ecosystem has not been able to recover quickly after the change:
Explanation:
The ecosystem was not able to recover quickly because seed banks were also destroyed during the fire that burnt almost everything.
How do products and reactants of photosynthesis and cellular respiration relate?
Answer:
Photosynthesis converts carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and glucose. Glucose is used as food by the plant and oxygen is a by-product. Cellular respiration converts oxygen and glucose into water and carbon dioxide. Water and carbon dioxide are by- products and ATP is energy that is transformed from the process.
What is global wind and how do winds help humans travel?
Global winds are winds that appear in belts that go all around the world. Like local winds, global winds are driven by unequal heating of the atmosphere. Since global winds blow west to east, it helps humans travel west to east.
How global winds influence climate?
Global wind belts and calm regions have an effect on, is that the berg winds blow from the east and die out as they are available close to the equator.
The westerlies blow from the west and move storms across u. s. The easterlies blow from the east and they cause stormy weather to occur once cold air forms this belt meets heat air of the westerlies.
Thus, this could be the answer.
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In the 1970s, the U.S. government passed laws to protect the water supply.
Which of the following best describes something these laws were intended to
do?
A. Reduce the amount of pollutants that enter wetlands
о B. Change the types of pollutants that enter wetlands
C. Increase the rate of groundwater flow to flush out pollutants
D. Increase the number of wetlands that can remove pollutants
Reduce the amount of pollutants that enter wetlands best describes something these laws were intended to do. Thus, the correct option is A.
What was the purpose of the Clean Water Act of 1970?The CWA made it illegal to dump any pollutant into navigable waters from a point source unless a permit was obtained:
The National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit program of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulates discharges.Discrete conveyances such as pipes or man-made ditches are examples of point sources.The Clean Water Act establishes the basic structure for regulating pollutant discharges into US waters as well as regulating surface water quality standards. The Federal Water Pollution Control Act, which served as the foundation for the CWA, was enacted in 1948, but it was significantly reorganized and expanded in 1972. With modifications in 1972, the Act's common name became "Clean Water Act."
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Which of the following statements is true about cellular respiration?
It converts energy into food.
it breaks down good to realse energy.
it turns carbon dioxide into water
it turns water into carbon dioxide
Urbanization can result in negative impacts on the environment. How can transportation methods be improved to reduce the impact of urbanization on the environment? (4 points)
Increase the number of travel lanes on roadways to allow for more vehicles
Limit the number and location of vehicle charging stations
Plan housing and business developments that are within walking distance to businesses and parks
Provide additional bus stops for people to save time instead of walking to work
The right thing to do would be to plan housing and business developments that are within walking distance of businesses and parks.
Effects of urbanizationUrbanization often requires the removal of forests for construction. Urban areas are usually also characterized by a copious number of vehicles on the road
These impact the environment negatively through pollution.
When housings are planned such that they are at trekkable distances to businesses, there would be fewer vehicles on the road and the impact on the environment will reduce accordingly.
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which statement concerning the evolution of species A,B,C,D and E is supported by the diagram below
1) Species B and C can be found in today's
environments.
2)
Species A and D evolved from E.
3) Species A and C can still interbreed.
4)
Species A, B, and E all evolved from a common
ancestor and all are successful today.
How does sea level change when Earth's global temperature is lower?
A. Glaciers grow bigger, causing sea level to fall.
B. Glaciers grow smaller, causing sea level to fall.
C. Glaciers grow smaller, causing sea level to rise.
D. Glaciers grow bigger, causing sea level to rise.
Glaciers grow smaller, causing sea level to rise when Earth's global temperature is lower. Thus, the correct option is C.
Sea level lowers during cold climate periods, known as glacial epochs or ice ages, due to a shift in the global hydrologic cycle, in which water evaporates from the oceans and is stored on the continents as massive ice sheets, extended ice caps, ice fields, and mountain glaciers. At the last glacial maximum, some 20,000 years ago, global sea level was about 125 meters lower than it is today.
What is interglacial epochs?Because the melting North American, Eurasian, South American, Greenland, and Antarctic ice sheets returned their stored water to the world's oceans as the climate warmed, sea level rose. Sea level is at its highest during the warmest eras, known as interglacial epochs.
We are currently living in the most recent interglacial, which began around 10,000 years ago and is referred to by geologists as the Holocene Epoch. Sea levels were about 3 to 20 meters higher than they are now during several previous interglacials.
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1. A hypothesis is a guess - like flipping a coin.
A. False
B. True
2. Identify all the constants needed for this experiment.
A 10 mL of fertilizer
B how often plans are watered
C amount of light
D height of plants
E 200 mL of water
3. What is the variable called that you are changing?
A. Control
B. Dependent
C. Independent
4. In a controlled experiment,
A
a control group is compared to an experimental group.
B
a variable is not needed
C
all factors should be the same.
D
there are only 2 variables.
Answer:
1. false as a hypothesis is an educated guess so
2. share the experiment please
3.independent
4.A
What best describes the association between the carbon cycle plants and animals
Answer:
Plants fix carbon and release oxygen, and animals release carbon and use oxygen.
Explanation:
what is climate change and how does it affect us
Answer:
hotter temperatures, increases storms, increases drought
Answer:
As greenhouse gas they trap the sun’s heat. This leads to global warming as called climate change if effects us by getting the earth hotter and hotter slowly getting more and more every year making ice that was there before for years now is gone
Hope This Helped
Explain how the human immune system responds to a viral infection.
Which is the genotype of the sweet pea? heterozygous dominant heterozygous recessive homozygous dominant homozygous recessive
Heterozygous dominant is the genotype of the sweet pea. thus option A is correct.
What do you mean by genotype?The genetic foundation of a certain trait is called an organism's genotype. While an organism's phenotype refers to its outward appearance.
When an organism has two copies of the same dominant allele, it is said to be homozygous dominant.
The identical recessive allele is present in two copies in a homozygous recessive organism.
An organism is said to be heterozygous if it possesses both the dominant and recessive alleles of a gene.
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Which is the genotype of the sweet pea ?
A. heterozygous dominant
B. heterozygous recessive
C. homozygous dominant
D. homozygous recessive
Answer: C. Homozygous dominant
I just took the test
4. Which of the following is a parasite?
(a) Mushroom
(b) Fungi
(c) stem
(c) Cuscuta
(d) haustoria
(d) Rhizobium
Answer:
C: Cuscuta is a parasite .
Explanation:
Mushrooms are a part of the fungi domain meaning that it is a decomposer. I'm not too sure whether it means stem body cells or a stem in a plant. Either way both are not parasites. Cuscuta is a plant that does not have chlorophyll (they can't carry out photosynthesis) and since this plant cannot make its own food, it feeds off a host plant that can make food. An organism that needs a host to survive is called a parasite. Haustoria is a part of some parasites however it itself is not one. And finally Rhizobium is a bacteria that converts Nitrogen into ammonia which helps plants.
Sorry about the bad english. Hopefully this kinda helps
36. What are the two smaller tubes that branch off of the trachea?
O epiglottis
O diaphragm
Obronchi
O tongue
Answer:
The answer is Bronchi
Explanation:
The Trachea is divided into two smaller tubes called the bronchi, one for each lung.
what process adds carbon dioxide to the air
Answer:
respiration
Explanation:
Plants need oxygen to release the energy in the food that they make.
A. True
B. False
Explanation:
plants doesn't need oxygen to release the energy in the food that they make.
it's the same oxygen we breath.
the answer is false
Shelter, food and water are:
A:Limiting Factors.
B:Food Chains
C:Biotic Factors
D:Carrying Capacity
Answer:
A
Explanation:
These are all limited in an ecosystem, and if there isn't enough, it limits the growth of a population. All of these are abiotic factors, not biotic. Shelter has nothing to do with food chains.
Hope this helps!
What effect do rising sea levels have on coastal communities? (4 points)
Increased exporting
Loss of coastal land
Shortage of fish
Decreased storms
Answer:
3
Explanation:
because loss of costal land in sea area
Which best describes the Big Bang Theory?
A. Stars burn off their fuel, expand, and shed their shells.
B. Matter was compressed into a single point and then exploded
outward to form the universe.
C. A black hole exploded, creating stars.
Answer:
B
Explanation:
before the big bang there was a lot of nothing packed into nothing.matter and time. space and stars did not exist till then scientists haven't found a way yet to know what was there before the big bang, so we cannot say stars exploded or a black hole died. but what we can say is that very dense pinprick very very very very very dense pinprick of nothing-ness expanded and created matter as it heated up
Answer:
B
Explanation:
Our universe began with an explosion of space itself - the Big Bang. Starting from extremely high density and temperature, space expanded, the universe cooled, and the simplest elements formed. Gravity gradually drew matter together to form the first stars and the first galaxies.
when dust and ash parties from volcanic eruption
Answer:
This is called a volcanic winter.
Explanation:
The reason why it is called a volcanic winter, is because in winter, it is colder than the other seasons, but, here's the difference. A volcanic winter is because sunlight is blocked, and a regular winter is when the earth is tilted in a place where the area is not being shined on by the sun.
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what is not a main crop that has been genetically modified?