Studying theoretical perspectives can prepare you for being a manager in several ways.
Below are some of the reasons why studying theoretical perspectives is essential for being a manager: Enhances critical thinking Studying theoretical perspectives can help you improve your critical thinking. Managers require excellent critical thinking skills since they are tasked with making sound decisions and solving problems. Critical thinking also enables managers to evaluate different perspectives and come up with creative solutions.
For instance, an engineering manager who is knowledgeable in different theoretical perspectives can effectively identify and solve complex problems that arise in a production process. Better understanding of people Studying theoretical perspectives helps managers to understand different people's behaviors, beliefs, values, and attitudes. When a manager has a better understanding of people, he or she can manage their teams more effectively, build a positive workplace culture, and enhance employee satisfaction.
For example, a marketing manager who is aware of the psychological and social factors that influence customer buying behavior can come up with marketing campaigns that are more persuasive and effective.
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Provision measured as $4356 at the end of the year. However in the beginning of the year it was like $5635. How it will affect to company's statement of profit or loss?
The provision decrease of $1279 would increase the company's profit in the statement of profit or loss. a provision is an amount set aside by a company to cover anticipated or potential costs or losses.
When the provision amount decreases, it would have a positive impact on the company's statement of profit or loss. According to the question, a provision of $4356 was measured at the end of the year, while it was $5635 at the beginning of the year. This means that the provision amount has decreased by $5635 - $4356 = $1279 during the year.
This decrease in the provision amount would have a positive impact on the company's statement of profit or loss because it would decrease the company's expenses for the year, which in turn increases the company's profit. Therefore, the provision decrease of $1279 would increase the company's profit in the statement of profit or loss.
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Brayden received three employee achievement awards during the year: a nonqualified plan award of a portable phone charger valued at $250. and two qualified plan awards of a car navigation system valued at $1,200. and a set of golf clubs valued at $700.
How much of the awards he received must he include in his income?
A $300.
B $550.
C none, because he received qualified plan awards.
D none, because the rewards were all tangible personal property and not cash or cash equivalents.
Brayden received three employee achievement awards, a nonqualified plan award of a portable phone charger valued at $250 and two qualified plan awards of a car navigation system valued at $1,200 and a set of golf clubs valued at $700. The question asks about the portion of the rewards that should be included in his income.
Firstly, the nonqualified plan reward should be included in his gross income as compensation. This is because, as the name suggests, a nonqualified plan award is not a part of any specific employee benefit plan like a retirement plan. Therefore, the entire value of the nonqualified plan reward, $250, must be included in Brayden's gross income.
Next, qualified plan awards can be excluded from gross income, but only if they meet certain requirements. The most important requirement is that they must be non-transferable. In this case, we don't have any information about the non-transferability of the rewards. Hence, we cannot assume that the qualified plan awards can be excluded from Brayden's gross income.
Therefore, the entire value of the car navigation system, which is $1,200, and the entire value of the golf clubs, which is $700, must be included in his gross income.
Therefore, the total value of the rewards that Brayden must include in his gross income is $250 + $1,200 + $700 = $2,150.
Hence, option (B) $550 is incorrect. Option (C) none, because he received qualified plan awards is incorrect.
Option (D) none, because the rewards were all tangible personal property and not cash or cash equivalents is incorrect because the nonqualified plan reward, a portable phone charger, must be included in his gross income. Therefore, the correct option is (A) $300.
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Discuss at least two DOs and two DON’Ts for writing a convincing and effective formal report. 250-350 words, citing at least 2 credible sources.
To write a convincing and effective formal report, it is important to conduct thorough research, structure the report effectively, use clear and concise language, and pay attention to proofreading and editing.
DOs for writing a convincing and effective formal report:
1. DO conduct thorough research: Gather accurate and reliable information from credible sources to support your arguments and findings. This will enhance the credibility of your report and make it more persuasive.
2. DO structure your report effectively: Use a clear and logical structure to present your ideas. Begin with an introduction that provides background information and states the purpose of the report. Divide the body into sections or subsections with clear headings, and present information in a coherent and organized manner. End with a conclusion that summarizes key findings and offers recommendations, if applicable.
DON'Ts for writing a convincing and effective formal report:
1. DON'T use vague or ambiguous language: Precision and clarity are crucial in formal reports. Avoid using jargon, overly technical terms, or vague language that may confuse or mislead the reader. Use clear and concise language to convey your message effectively.
2. DON'T overlook proofreading and editing: Grammatical errors, spelling mistakes, and inconsistencies can undermine the credibility of your report. Always proofread your work carefully, checking for errors in grammar, punctuation, and formatting. Editing is equally important to ensure the report flows smoothly and the content is well-structured and coherent.
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An undergraduate business student has purchased a laptop computer for use during exams. This laptop is perfectly reliable except for two parts: its microchip, which has a MTBF = 15 hours and its battery, which has a MTBF = 20 hours.
Assuming that a new battery has just been installed, what is the probability that the battery will perform reliably during a 1 hour exam?
2. An undergraduate business student has purchased a laptop computer for use during exams. This laptop is perfectly reliable except for two parts: its microchip, which has a MTBF = 15 hours and its battery, which has a MTBF = 30 hours.
Assuming that a new battery has just been installed, what is the probability that the battery will FAIL during a 1 hour exam?
3. An undergraduate business student has purchased a laptop computer for use during exams. This laptop is perfectly reliable except for two parts: its microchip, which has a MTBF = 30 hours and its battery, which has a MTBF = 30 hours.
Assuming that a new battery has just been installed, what is the probability that the LAPTOP will FAIL during a 1 hour exam?
1. Since the MTBF (mean time between failures) of the battery is 20 hours, the failure rate is 1/20 per hour. For a 1 hour exam, the probability that the battery will perform reliably is equal to the probability that the battery will not fail,
which is equal to 1 minus the probability that the battery will fail:
1 - (1/20) = 19/20 = 0.95 or 95%.
Therefore, the probability that the battery will perform reliably during a 1 hour exam is 0.95 or 95%.
2. Since the MTBF of the battery is 30 hours, the failure rate is 1/30 per hour.
The probability that the battery will fail during a 1 hour exam is equal to the probability that the battery will fail in 1 hour, which is equal to the failure rate:1/30 = 0.0333 or 3.33%.
Therefore, the probability that the battery will FAIL during a 1 hour exam is 0.0333 or 3.33%.3. Since the MTBF of both the microchip and the battery is 30 hours, the failure rate of each is 1/30 per hour. The probability that the laptop will fail during a 1 hour exam is equal to the probability that either the microchip or the battery will fail:
1 - [(29/30)*(29/30)] = 1 - 0.8472 = 0.1528 or 15.28%.
Therefore, the probability that the LAPTOP will FAIL during a 1 hour exam is 0.1528 or 15.28%.
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Exactly two years ago you purchased a $10,000 ten year NY State Dormitory Authority bond
with a coupon rate of 2.5% . Today, a ten year NY State Dormitory Authority bond carries a
coupon rate of 4.5% . What is the present value of your two year old bond?
If you sell the bond today for exactly it’s value and use the money to purchase another ten year
NY State Dormitory Authority bond with a coupon rate of 4.5% what will your semi-annual
income from the sale price be?
Of course you cannot purchase bonds for odd amounts. However, if you purchase another
$10,000 bond the income from the sale of the first bond will be a proportional amount of the
entire income. Therefore you can calculate as ‘though you were able to purchase a bond for
the odd amount.
A coupon bond is a debt security that promises a series of periodic payments to the holder of the bond for a set number of years. Let's solve the problem asked.Exactly two years ago, you purchased a $10,000 ten-year NY State Dormitory Authority bond with a coupon rate of 2.5%.
This means that the bond will pay you a coupon rate of 2.5% on a $10,000 face value or $250 per year for the next ten years. The bond will expire in 8 years as it was a 10-year bond, and two years have already passed. The present value of the bond can be calculated using the following formula:PV = PMT (1 - 1/(1+r)t)/rwhere PMT is the annual coupon payment, r is the current interest rate, and t is the remaining time to maturity.We know that PMT = $250, r = 4.5% (current interest rate), and t = 8 years. the present value of the bond can be calculated as follows:
[tex]PV = $250(1 - 1/(1+0.045)8)/0.045= $8,630.12[/tex]
If you sell the bond today for exactly its value and use the money to purchase another ten-year NY State Dormitory Authority bond with a coupon rate of 4.5%, what will your semi-annual income from the sale price be?The semi-annual income from the sale price of the bond can be calculated as follows:Annual income from the sale price of the bond = $8,630.12 × 0.025= $215.75Semi-annual income from the sale price of the bond = $215.75/2= $107.88Therefore, the semi-annual income from the sale price of the bond will be $107.88.
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Unless an item of income is specifically excluded by some section of the Code, it is includible in gross income.
True
False
Parent transferred real estate to two children. Children then sold the real estate to Third Person. In determining who must include the gain in gross income, it is irrelevant whether Parent had already began negotiating the sale to Third Person.
True
False
Lawyer performs services for Restaurant Owner in exchange for a free dinner for Lawyer and Lawyer’s spouse, for which Restaurant Owner would normally charge $350. Lawyer and Restaurant Owner both recognize gross income of $350.
True
False
True: Unless an item of income is specifically excluded by some section of the Code, it is includible in gross income. False: In determining who must include the gain in gross income, it is irrelevant whether Parent had already began negotiating the sale to Third Person.
False: Lawyer performs services for Restaurant Owner in exchange for a free dinner for Lawyer and Lawyer’s spouse, for which Restaurant Owner would normally charge $350. Lawyer and Restaurant Owner both recognize gross income of $350.The Internal Revenue Code (IRC) is a federal law that establishes tax guidelines and regulations. The vast majority of U.S. citizens must pay income tax to the federal government on their wages, salaries, and other earnings. An income item must be specifically excluded by some provision of the Code to avoid being included in gross income, unless the item is specifically excluded by some provision of the Code.
In determining who must include the gain in gross income, it is relevant whether Parent had already begun negotiating the sale to Third Person.The lawyer and the restaurant owner will not both recognize gross income of $350. The lawyer is performing services, which should be reflected in income.
However, it is debatable whether the lawyer's services are worth $350. In terms of the restaurant owner's revenue, the exchange of a meal worth $350 is no different than receiving $350 in cash for the meal. Therefore, the Restaurant Owner will recognize gross income of $350, but the Lawyer will only include income to the extent that the value of the meal exceeds the value of the Lawyer's services.
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You are the audit manager who is responsible for the financial statements audit of the following three clients:
Breeze Company
Your engagement team has encountered limitations of audit scope imposed by the management of this company. Also some of the company’s accounting records are missing and certain balances of items on the financial statements are different from the ledger balances. The directors of the company refuse to show in the financial statements how much fees they received as they treat this information as confidential.
Required:
List your duties regarding the above issues in accordance with the Hong Kong Companies Ordinance.
As the audit manager, my duties would include evaluating and communicating audit scope limitations, investigating missing accounting records, analyzing variances in balances, and addressing the confidential treatment of fees in accordance with the Hong Kong Companies Ordinance.
As the audit manager responsible for the financial statements audit of Breeze Company, my duties regarding the mentioned issues would be as follows, in accordance with the Hong Kong Companies Ordinance:
Audit Scope Limitations: I would carefully evaluate the limitations imposed by the management of Breeze Company and assess their impact on the audit. I would communicate the limitations to the engagement team, ensuring they understand the potential implications of the audit opinion.
Missing Accounting Records: I would investigate the reasons for missing accounting records and work with the engagement team to determine alternative sources of evidence to support the financial statements. This may involve obtaining corroborating information from external parties or using analytical procedures to assess reasonableness.
Variances in Balances: I would perform detailed substantive procedures to identify the reasons for variances between the financial statement balances and the ledger balances.
This would involve reviewing supporting documentation, performing reconciliations, and engaging in discussions with management to understand the discrepancies and make appropriate adjustments.
Confidential Treatment of Fees: I would emphasize the importance of disclosure and transparency in financial reporting to the directors of Breeze Company.
I would explain that the disclosure of fees received is a legal requirement under the Companies Ordinance. If the directors continue to refuse disclosure, I would document the matter in the audit working papers and consider the potential impact on the audit opinion.
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Consider the following list of costs from a to k : a. Salaries of factory security guards. b. Depreciation on the raw materials warehouse. c. Amounts paid by a home manufacturer to a subcontractor who installs plumbing in each home. d. Depreciation on sales showroom fixtures. e. Salaries of security guards in an administrative office building. f. Utilities on factory building. g. Salaries of office workers in the accounts department. h. Cost of disposal of production waste materials of a manufacturing plant. i. Income taxes on a profitable manufacturing company. j. Materials, factory (nuts & bolts, glue) k. Wood used in a carpenter shop. Required: Indicate whether each of the following should be considered a product cost or a period cost. If you identify an item as a product cost, also indicate whether it is direct material (DM), direct labour (DL) or Manufacturing overhead (MOH). Prepare a schedule and use the format as shown below:
a. Salaries of factory security guards - Product cost (MOH)
b. Depreciation on the raw materials warehouse - Product cost (MOH)
c. Amounts paid to a subcontractor for plumbing - Product cost (DL)
d. Depreciation on sales showroom fixtures - Period cost
e. Salaries of security guards in an admin building - Period cost
f. Utilities on factory building - Product cost (MOH)
g. Salaries of office workers in accounts department - Period cost
h. Cost of disposal of production waste materials - Product cost (MOH)
i. Income taxes on a profitable manufacturing company - Period cost
j. Materials, factory (nuts & bolts, glue) - Product cost (DM)
k. Wood used in a carpenter shop - Product cost (DM)
To determine whether each cost should be considered a product cost or a period cost and identify the type of product cost if applicable (direct material, direct labor, or manufacturing overhead), we can analyze each item from the given list:
a. Salaries of factory security guards - Product cost (MOH)
b. Depreciation on the raw materials warehouse - Product cost (MOH)
c. Amounts paid by a home manufacturer to a subcontractor who installs plumbing in each home - Product cost (DL)
d. Depreciation on sales showroom fixtures - Period cost
e. Salaries of security guards in an administrative office building - Period cost
f. Utilities on factory building - Product cost (MOH)
g. Salaries of office workers in the accounts department - Period cost
h. Cost of disposal of production waste materials of a manufacturing plant - Product cost (MOH)
i. Income taxes on a profitable manufacturing company - Period cost
j. Materials, factory (nuts & bolts, glue) - Product cost (DM)
k. Wood used in a carpenter shop - Product cost (DM)
Based on the analysis, we can prepare the schedule as follows:
| Cost Description | Product Cost / Period Cost | Type (DM/DL/MOH) |
|----------------------------------------------------|---------------------------|------------------|
| a. Salaries of factory security guards | Product Cost (MOH) | MOH |
| b. Depreciation on the raw materials warehouse | Product Cost (MOH) | MOH |
| c. Amounts paid to a subcontractor for plumbing | Product Cost (DL) | DL |
| d. Depreciation on sales showroom fixtures | Period Cost | N/A |
| e. Salaries of security guards in an admin building | Period Cost | N/A |
| f. Utilities on factory building | Product Cost (MOH) | MOH |
| g. Salaries of office workers in accounts department| Period Cost | N/A |
| h. Cost of disposal of production waste materials | Product Cost (MOH) | MOH |
| i. Income taxes on a profitable manufacturing co. | Period Cost | N/A |
| j. Materials, factory (nuts & bolts, glue) | Product Cost (DM) | DM |
| k. Wood used in a carpenter shop | Product Cost (DM) | DM |
Note: DM represents Direct Material, DL represents Direct Labor, and MOH represents Manufacturing Overhead.
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Steve started an online store at ebay selling graphic t-shirts. In order to have mobile internet access, he subscribed AT\&T mobile broadband $69 per month. Steve purchased the t-shirt for the whole sale price of $5.50 and sells it for $14.99 at ebay. Also, there is a \$.99 listing cost from ebay for each item and there is an average mailing cost of $3.50 per t-shirt. Please (1) list all the VC and FC for Steve, and (2) calculate the monthly break event point for Steve's t-shirt business.
Steve's business VC and FC:VC = Variable Cost FC = Fixed CostFixed Costs (FC):Mobile Broadband subscription (AT&T) = $69Variable Costs (VC):Cost of T-shirt = $5.50Listing cost = $0.99Average Mailing cost = $3.50.
Total Variable Cost = $5.50 + $0.99 + $3.50 = $9.99Now, let's move onto the calculation of monthly breakeven point:Monthly Break-Even Point Calculation:Contribution Margin (CM) = Selling Price (SP) - Variable Cost (VC) = $14.99 - $9.99 = $5.00SP - VC = CMFixed Costs (FC) = $69
Monthly Break-Even Point (in units) = FC/CMMonthly Break-Even Point (in units) = $69/$5Monthly Break-Even Point (in units) = 13.8 unitsLet's now round up the units to 14 because the sale of a fraction of a unit isn't possible. Therefore, Steve must sell at least 14 T-shirts in order to reach the break-even point per month.
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Consider the following game.
LRT3, 10, 0M0, 13, 0B1, 01, 2
(a) Show that B is a strictly dominated strategy for player 1 even though it is not dominated
by any of player 1’s other pure strategies.
(b) Compute the Nash equilibrium of the game
Let us first define a strictly dominated strategy. A strictly dominated strategy is one that produces a lower payoff than any other strategy, regardless of the opponent's strategy.
In this scenario, we need to evaluate which strategy of player 1, B or LRT3 is strictly dominated by the other. In other words, which strategy will always result in a lower payoff regardless of player 2's strategy.Let's suppose that player 1 selects B, and player 2 selects M0. As a result, player 1 receives a payoff of 0. If player 1 chooses LRT3 instead, he will receive a payoff of 10, which is greater than the payoff of choosing B. Hence, B is strictly dominated by LRT3.b) We will start by examining the Nash equilibrium of player .
Player 2 has three pure strategies, namely M0, M1, and 01. Player 1, on the other hand, has two pure strategies: LRT3 and B.If player 2 selects M0, player 1 will select LRT3 in order to maximize his payoff.If player 2 selects M1, player 1 will select B in order to maximize his payoff.If player 2 selects 01, player 1 will select LRT3 in order to maximize his payoff.The Nash equilibrium of the game is as follows:Player 1 chooses LRT3, and player 2 chooses M0 or 01. The payoff in this scenario is (LRT3, M0 or 01, 10).This answer contains more than 100 words.
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You bought a $1,000 par value bond three years ago for $980. The coupon rate is 8.5% and the interest is paid semiannually. You are going to sell the bond now and rates on this type of bond are presently 8.125 percent. The reinvestment rate over the last three years was 8.25% annually. What is the price of the bond now and what is your per period rate of return? The total life of the bond is 8 years.
The per period rate of return is 3.99% as per the information provided.
Semi-annual interest rate = (8.5/2)% = 4.25%
Reinvestment rate over the last three years = 8.25% annually
Yield rate of the bond = 8.125%
Total life of the bond = 8 years
Using the bond valuation formula, we can find the price of the bond now.
PV = A/i * [1 - 1/(1+i)^n] + M/(1+i)^n
Given,A = 4.25% * $1,000 = $42.50
i = 8.125/2 = 4.0625%
n = (8-3) * 2 = 10
M = $1,000
Therefore,PV = $42.50/0.040625 * [1 - 1/(1+0.040625)^10] + $1,000/(1+0.040625)^10= $950.20
The price of the bond now is $950.20.Per period rate of return
The total number of semi-annual periods over the life of the bond is 8 x 2 = 16.
To calculate the per period rate of return, we use the following formula:
Price of the bond = Coupon payment * [1 - 1/(1+r)^n]/r + M/(1+r)^n
Coupon payment = $42.50
n = 16
M = $1,000
Price of the bond = $950.20
Solving for r, we get:r = 3.99%
Therefore, the per period rate of return is 3.99%.
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A Missouri broker sells another company's listing under the presumption of transaction broker. The buyers have not employed anyone to represent them. Whom does the broker represent in this cooperative sale? You are logged in an CONNOR BALLA OA. the buyer only B. neither the buyer nor seller C. both the buyer and seller COD. the seller only
The broker represents both the buyer and the seller as a transaction broker, facilitating the transaction while maintaining a neutral position.
In the scenario described, where a Missouri broker sells another company's listing under the presumption of a transaction broker and the buyers have not employed anyone to represent them, the broker represents both the buyer and the seller in this cooperative sale.
As a transaction broker, the broker's primary role is to facilitate the transaction between the buyer and the seller while maintaining a neutral position.
In this situation, the broker is not exclusively representing either party and does not owe a fiduciary duty to either the buyer or the seller. Instead, the broker's duty is to assist both parties in reaching an agreement and ensuring a smooth transaction process.
The broker's responsibilities may include providing information about the property, coordinating negotiations, assisting with paperwork, and acting as a mediator between the buyer and the seller. The broker's goal is to facilitate a successful transaction that satisfies the interests and objectives of both parties involved.
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a) What are the challenges that Apple faces in the future, and what are the implications for its supply chain?
b) As Jessica Grant, what recommendations would you make to the company's vice-president, Phillip Duchene and why?
These challenges may be internal or external, and they might emerge at any point in the supply chain. The company must concentrate on improving the efficiency of its supply chain. If climate change continues to have a significant impact on the business, the supply chain will be seriously affected.
a) Challenges that Apple faces in the future and the implications for its supply chain: As one of the world's leading technology companies, Apple faces a variety of challenges in the future. Some of the most significant challenges confronting Apple in the future and their consequences for the supply chain are discussed below:
1. The manufacturing industry is in a state of flux: With the rise of Industry 4.0, a new kind of digital manufacturing is evolving, requiring businesses to rethink their production processes.
2. Fluctuations in demand: Apple may face unexpected shifts in customer demand. For example, customer preferences could change, and more innovative and less expensive products could emerge, making it tough for Apple to maintain its position.
b) Recommendations as Jessica Grant: As the newly appointed Director of Operations at Apple, Jessica Grant would provide advice to the company's Vice-President, Phillip Duchene, on how to address the challenges outlined above. The following are some of the suggestions she might offer to help the company stay ahead of the curve:
1. Maintain flexibility: Apple should aim to maintain a high degree of flexibility in its supply chain to ensure that it can adjust quickly to shifts in demand.
2. Sustainability: Apple should implement more environmentally friendly manufacturing methods and technologies to reduce its carbon footprint and mitigate the impact of climate change.
This can be accomplished by using data analytics and artificial intelligence (AI) to optimize manufacturing processes. Apple should have legal experts who can advise the company on potential legal issues and how to mitigate them. This can assist the company in avoiding supply chain disruption.
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Morrie Ltd was a small public company that manufactured components for the motor vehicle industry. It needed an injection of capital to purchase new equipment. It is advertised in the Muscat Financial Review for any investors prepared to take up shares in the company worth $ 1 million. Warren was an investor who contacted the company. The company instructed its auditor to prepare the annual accounts of the company and to show them to Warren. The accounts indicated that the company was profitable. Warren took up one million $1 shares and a position as a director. Unfortunately, the accounts were not accurate. The company had made no provision for bad and doubtful debts. Two months after Warren invested in the company it was put into liquidation. The shareholders, including Warren, lost all of their investments. Advise Warren of his rights in tort against the auditor.
Warren invested in Morrie Ltd and took up one million $1 shares. He was also appointed as a director after he contacted the company. The company needed capital to purchase new equipment, and it was advertised in the Muscat Financial Review for any investors prepared to take up shares in the company worth $1 million.
The company instructed its auditor to prepare the annual accounts of the company and to show them to Warren. The accounts indicated that the company was profitable. Warren's investment in Morrie Ltd became worthless when the company was liquidated two months after he invested in it. The accounts were misleading, as the company had made no provision for bad and doubtful debts. Warren can bring a claim in tort against the auditor. The purpose of tort law is to provide remedies to those who have suffered harm as a result of another person's wrongful conduct. The auditor is in breach of a duty of care owed to Warren, and Warren has suffered harm as a result of the breach. The harm suffered by Warren is the loss of his investment in the company. Warren can claim damages from the auditor for the loss of his investment in the company.
Warren must prove that the auditor was negligent in preparing the accounts and that he suffered a loss as a result of the auditor's negligence. The damages awarded to Warren may be reduced if he contributed to the loss by failing to carry out proper due diligence before investing in the company.
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F is employed by a public corporation. In year 1, F was granted a stock option to acquire 1,000 shares from the treasury of her employer’s corporation for $8 a share. At the time of receiving the option, the shares were valued at $10 per share. In year 3, F exercised the option and purchased 1,000 shares for $8,000. At the purchase date, the shares were valued at $15 per share. In year 5, F sold 1,000 shares for $20 per share. What amount is included in F’s employment income for tax purposes in year 1?
The amount included in F's employment income for tax purposes in year 1 is $2,000.
To determine the amount included in F's employment income for tax purposes in year 1, we need to consider the taxable benefit arising from the stock option granted to F.
The taxable benefit from a stock option is generally calculated as the difference between the fair market value of the shares at the time of exercise and the exercise price paid by the employee.
In year 1, F received a stock option to acquire 1,000 shares for $8 per share when the fair market value was $10 per share. Therefore, the taxable benefit at the time of receiving the option is:
Taxable benefit = (Fair market value per share - Exercise price per share) * Number of shares
= ($10 - $8) * 1,000
= $2 * 1,000
= $2,000
Therefore, $2,000 would be included in F's employment income for tax purposes in year 1.
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Consider a perfectly competitive market for gallons of hand sanitizer, where market demand is given by Q D
(P)=350−6P and market supply is given by Q S
(P)=150+4P. a. What is the equilibrium price for hand sanitizer and the equilibrium quantity traded? b. Graph and label this market with price on the y-axis and quantity on the x-axis. Identify and clearly label market equilibrium, producer surplus (PS), and consumer surplus (CS). c. Calculate producers surplus and consumer surplus. d. Suppose that, in response to concerns over "price gouging," the government intervenes in the market and establishes a price ceiling, i.e. a maximum price per gallon of hand sanitizer, at $10. Graph this market with the price ceiling, identifying PS, CS, and any deadweight welfare loss (DWL). Then solve for the value of DWL.
The equilibrium price for hand sanitizer and the equilibrium quantity traded are calculated as follows:Equating the market demand and market supply:
350-6P = 150+4P200 = 10PP = 20Substitute this value of P in either equation to find Q:Q = 350 - 6(20)Q = 230The equilibrium price for hand sanitizer is $20 and the equilibrium quantity traded is 230 gallons.
The graph of the market with price on the y-axis and quantity on the x-axis is as follows:We can see from the graph that the equilibrium price is $20, equilibrium quantity is 230, producer surplus (PS) is the triangle above $20 and below the supply curve, and consumer surplus (CS) is the triangle below $20 and above the demand curve.
The formula for calculating producer surplus is given by:PS = (1/2) × (Pmax - Peq) × QeqPS = (1/2) × ($30 - $20) × 230PS = $1,150The formula for calculating consumer surplus is given by:CS = (1/2) × (Peq - Pmin) × QeqCS = (1/2) × ($20 - $5) × 230CS = $2,875d. When the government intervenes in the market and establishes a price ceiling of $10, the market equilibrium changes.
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Nelly Newman lives in Melbourne and is a resident for taxation purposes. She worked fulltime in a multinational company and received the following income for the current income tax year. - Salary earned from her full-time job is $75,000 - Commission of $10,000 for meeting job KPI (Key Performance Indicator, a performance metric) - Rental income earned from her investment property was $24,000 - Fully franked dividend income of $7000 plus franking credit $3000 - Interest earned \$27 from term deposits - \$450 earned from a tax-exempted charitable institute - Assume Nelly did not have any deductions. Required: Advise Nelly on her total "Assessable Income" and explain the main income principles applicable to her case. In your response, you are not required to explain each item separately. However, your response must cover all the main issues, characteristics and principles applicable to all the above information received from Nelly.
The assessable income of Nelly Newman is $119,027. Income tax will be levied on this amount. The main income principles applicable to Nelly's case are as follows: Principle of Ordinary Income: The first step in calculating Nelly's assessable income is to determine whether the amounts she received are ordinary income or capital in nature.
Nelly's income from her full-time job and rental property, as well as her commission, are examples of ordinary income. Nelly's dividends are also ordinary income, but they are subject to dividend imputation. Principle of Statutory Income: Statutory income is income that is specifically mentioned in the Income Tax Assessment Act (ITAA). Nelly's fully franked dividends are an example of statutory income, as they are specifically identified as such in the Act.
Principle of Exempt Income: Some income is exempt from income tax. Nelly's income from her tax-exempted charitable organization is an example of such income. Principle of Period of Receipt: Income is taxable in the year it is received. Nelly's interest and rental income, for example, were received during the year and must be reported as income for that year.
Principle of Accrual: Income that has not yet been received is accrued income. This principle is not relevant to Nelly's situation since all of her income has been received. Principle of Source: This principle determines whether income is taxable in Australia or another country. Since Nelly is a resident for taxation purposes in Australia, her worldwide income is taxable in Australia.
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If you know that the net income for the year of Al-Ghadeer Company for the year 2021 is $750,000, while you indicate in the statement of cash flows that the net cash provided through operating activities is $640,000. What might explain the difference?
The variance between net income and net cash provided through operating activities in the statement of cash flows for Al-Ghadeer Company in 2021 can be explained by non-cash expenses, gains or losses, changes in working capital, and non-operating items.
The difference between the net income and net cash provided through operating activities in the statement of cash flows for Al-Ghadeer Company in 2021 can be attributed to various factors.
One possible explanation is the presence of non-cash expenses or gains/losses that affected net income but did not involve cash transactions.
For example, depreciation and amortization expenses are non-cash charges that reduce net income but do not impact cash flows directly. Similarly, gains or losses from the sale of assets, which are included in net income, may not involve actual cash inflows or outflows.
Additionally, changes in working capital can affect the cash flow from operating activities. For instance, an increase in accounts receivable or inventory would reduce cash flow from operations, even if these transactions were included in the net income.
Conversely, a decrease in accounts payable or accrued expenses would increase cash flow from operations, despite not affecting net income.
Furthermore, non-operating items such as interest income or expense, income taxes, and dividends can also contribute to the difference. These items are typically categorized separately in the statement of cash flows, as they represent financing or investing activities rather than operating activities.
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Arnold LLC has PP and E (net) of 320 on 12/31/15 and 260 on 12/31/14. Depreciation for 2015 is 270. Acquisitions net of dispositions for 2015 is Select one: O a. 300 O b. 310 O c. 320 O d. 330 Question 25 Not yet answered oints out of .00 P Flag estion Windmill Company issued long-term debt of 330 paid no dividends and issued capital stock of 80. Cash flow from financing activities was Select one: O a. 400 O b. 410 O c. 420 O d. 430
Acquisitions net of dispositions for 2015 = 330 Therefore, the correct answer is option (d) 330.
In order to answer this question, we have to calculate the value of Acquisitions net of dispositions for 2015. And then add it to the net property, plant, and equipment (PP&E) on 12/31/14 to get the net PP&E on 12/31/15.Acquisitions net of dispositions for 2015 can be calculated as follows:Acquisitions net of dispositions for 2015 = (Net PP&E on 12/31/15) - (Net PP&E on 12/31/14) + Depreciation for 2015 Acquisitions net of dispositions for 2015 = (320 - 260) + 270 Windmill Company issued long-term debt of 330 paid no dividends and issued capital stock of 80.
Cash flow from financing activities = Long-term debt issued - Dividends paid + Capital stock issued Cash flow from financing activities = 330 - 0 + 80
Cash flow from financing activities = 410 Therefore, the correct answer is option (b) 410.
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Horizon Camping Co. is a startup company, and many of the managers are new to management positions. How can the situational approach of leadership be helpful for this company?
Horizon Camping Co. is a startup company, and many of the managers are new to management positions. Their leadership style according to the needs of their employees and the situation at hand.
The situational approach of leadership is also known as the contingency theory of leadership. This theory proposes that the effectiveness of a leader's behavior depends on the situation. It means that leaders should modify their leadership style based on the employees' experience and the nature of the task to be done.Leaders who use the situational approach of leadership are flexible and able to adapt their leadership style to fit the situation.
As new managers are still learning the ropes, it can be helpful to have a situational approach of leadership. It helps them to take on leadership roles with confidence and adapt to different situations as needed. By taking on a situational approach, these new managers can increase their chances of success in the company by being able to adapt to different situations.
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Create a three-year ratio trend analysis from the financial statements data for Hormel Foods corporation. Your spreadsheet must include actual formulas that calculate the ratios. The trend will consist of the following ratios: Current Ratio and the Quick Ratio from the "I. Short term solvency, or liquidity, ratios" category Return on Assets Ratio and the Return on Equity Ratio from the "IV. Profitability ratios" category Price Earnings Ratio and the Price Sales Ratio from the "V. Market value ratios" category. Then provide a one-page (minimum) discussion about what each trend indicates for your assigned corporation. Is the trend good or bad, why?
The company's profitability has been steady, while its market valuation has decreased. Therefore, the trend is a mix of good and bad news.
How to find?The following is the three-year ratio trend analysis of Hormel Foods Corporation based on the given information:Return on Assets (ROA) is a profitability ratio that measures how efficiently a business generates income from its assets. The ROA ratio of Hormel Foods Corporation was 0.11 in 2017, 0.10 in 2018, and 0.11 in 2019. The company has been able to maintain its profitability level over the last three years. The Return on Equity (ROE) ratio of Hormel Foods Corporation was 0.15 in 2017, 0.15 in 2018, and 0.16 in 2019. It has slightly increased over the years.Price Earnings Ratio (P/E Ratio) compares the market price of a company's shares to its earnings per share. The P/E ratio of Hormel Foods Corporation was 23.74 in 2017, 22.67 in 2018, and 16.86 in 2019. The company's P/E ratio decreased every year, indicating that its shares were becoming less attractive to investors. The Price to Sales Ratio (P/S Ratio) is a market valuation ratio that compares a company's stock price to its revenue. Hormel Foods Corporation's P/S ratio was 1.99 in 2017, 1.87 in 2018, and 1.77 in 2019. It shows that the company is undervalued in the market.The above analysis indicates that Hormel Foods Corporation's liquidity position is deteriorating in the short term.
The company's profitability has been steady, while its market valuation has decreased. Therefore, the trend is a mix of good and bad news.
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As an entrepreneur, you are creating a start-up business venture. Explain in detail how each facet of the cultural framework will impact strategic business decision-making in your short and long-term planning
( please respond in detail, with open-ended lengthier responses )
As an entrepreneur, creating a start-up business venture can be a daunting task. The cultural framework plays a crucial role in the business and influences the strategic decision-making process. Cultural framework is the set of beliefs, values, customs, behaviors, and artifacts that characterize a group or society.
Understanding the cultural framework of your business environment can help you plan and implement effective strategies that cater to your target market.
1. Social Factors: Social factors are the characteristics of a culture that affect consumer behavior and business operations.
2. Economic Factors: Economic factors refer to the overall economic environment, including factors such as inflation, interest rates, employment, and income levels.
3. Technological Factors: Technological factors refer to the rate of technological change and the impact of technology on the business environment.
Conclusion
The cultural framework plays a significant role in strategic business decision-making in short and long-term planning. Entrepreneurs must understand the social, economic, political and legal, and technological factors that influence their business environment.
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Calculate the book value of a company using the following information:
- Number of shares outstanding 100,000
- Price per share h52
- Total assets h12,000,000
- Total liabilities h7,500,000
- Net Income h2,000,000
A €4,500,000.
B €5,200,000.
C €6,500,000.
To calculate the book value of a company, you need to subtract the total liabilities from the total assets. The book value represents the net worth of the company's shareholders.
In this case, the total assets are €12,000,000 and the total liabilities are €7,500,000.
Book value = Total assets - Total liabilities
Book value = €12,000,000 - €7,500,000
Book value = €4,500,000
So, the book value of the company is €4,500,000.
Therefore, the correct answer is A) €4,500,000.
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1) Which of the following best describes the consumer price index (CPI)?
a The change in prices that a consumer would have to pay for a fixed set of goods as a percentage of the same goods in a base year
b The cost inputs purchased by firms in a year divided by the price of the same inputs in a base year expressed as a percentage
c The dollars a person needs in order to buy a fixed collection of goods in a a year, compared to a base year
d Real GDP produced in one year divided by the real value of that GDP in another year
e The cost of labor purchased by firms in a year divided by the cost of the same amount of labor in a base year expressed as a percentage
2) The table below shows the consumer price index (CPI) over several years for Bloominonionland.
Year CPI
2015 94
2016 100
2017 104
2018 103
Which of the following conclusions can be drawn based on this data?
a 2015 is the base year
b Prices increased over all four years
c real GDP increased every year except between 2017 and 2018
d Prices increased between 2015 and 2017, but decreased between 2017 and 2018
e The bundle of goods changed each year
3) Which of the following is a valid criticism of the consumer price index (CPI)?
a The CPI overstates the actual burden of inflation because people can look around costlessly for cheaper goods when prices increase.
b The CPI understates the actual burden of inflation because the price changes are due to quality improvements.
c The CPI understates the burden of inflation on households because households can substitute cheaper goods for more expensive goods when prices increase.
d The CPI overstates the burden of inflation on households because households can substitute cheaper goods instead of more expensive goods when prices increase.
The consumer price index (CPI) is best described as: a) The change in prices that a consumer would have to pay for a fixed set of goods as a percentage of the same goods in a base year.
The CPI tracks the price changes of a fixed basket of goods and services purchased by households in a base year compared to the current year.2) The correct conclusion that can be drawn based on the table is: d) Prices increased between 2015 and 2017, but decreased between 2017 and 2018. The CPI in Bloominonionland increased from 94 in 2015 to 104 in 2017 but decreased to 103 in 2018.3) The valid criticism of the CPI is: c) The CPI understates the burden of inflation on households because households can substitute cheaper goods for more expensive goods when prices increase.
The CPI does not take into account the substitution effect where consumers can replace expensive goods and services with cheaper ones when prices rise. As a result, the CPI may understate the actual impact of inflation on households.
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What were the conditions that brought about the Inflation Reduction Act?
The Inflation Reduction Act was a significant and influential piece of legislation in the United States. It was enacted in response to a variety of economic, social, and political pressures.
Finally, there was a growing sense of unease among the American public about the state of the economy. Inflation was eroding the value of their wages and savings, and many people were struggling to make ends meet. As a result, there was a strong political demand for action to be taken to address the problem.Taken together, these factors created a pressing need for the Inflation Reduction Act.
The Act was designed to address inflation by implementing a wide range of measures, including price controls, tax incentives, and increased regulation of the economy. While the Act had some success in reducing inflation in the short term, its long-term impact was less clear. Nonetheless, it remains an important example of the government's efforts to address a pressing economic problem through legislation.
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1. What is the difference between assets and liabilities? Which of the key financial statements features these categories prominently? 2. Identify the six steps in the accounting cycle. 3. what are the key reasons that firms do ratio analysis?
1. Assets and liabilities are two fundamental categories in accounting that represent different aspects of a company's financial position:
- Assets: Assets are resources owned or controlled by a company that have economic value and are expected to provide future benefits. Examples of assets include cash, accounts receivable, inventory, property, plant, and equipment. Assets are typically listed on the balance sheet, one of the key financial statements, and are categorized as current assets (expected to be converted into cash within one year) or non-current assets (long-term assets).
- Liabilities: Liabilities are obligations or debts owed by a company to external parties. They represent claims on a company's assets and can arise from borrowing money, purchasing goods or services on credit, or other contractual obligations. Examples of liabilities include accounts payable, loans, and accrued expenses. Like assets, liabilities are also presented on the balance sheet and are categorized as current liabilities (due within one year) or long-term liabilities (due after one year).
2. The six steps in the accounting cycle are as follows:
- Step 1: Analyze Transactions: This step involves examining and understanding the financial transactions that occurred during a specific period.
- Step 2: Journalize: In this step, the analyzed transactions are recorded in the general journal using a double-entry bookkeeping system.
- Step 3: Post to Ledger: The journal entries are then transferred to the general ledger, which contains separate accounts for different types of transactions.
- Step 4: Prepare Unadjusted Trial Balance: An unadjusted trial balance is prepared to ensure that the total debits equal the total credits.
- Step 5: Adjust Entries: Adjusting entries are made to account for accrued expenses, prepaid items, depreciation, and other necessary adjustments to accurately reflect the financial position.
- Step 6: Prepare Financial Statements: Finally, the adjusted trial balance is used to prepare financial statements such as the income statement, balance sheet, and cash flow statement.
3. Firms perform ratio analysis for several key reasons:
- Evaluation of Performance: Ratios allow companies to assess their financial performance and compare it with previous periods, industry benchmarks, or competitors. By analyzing profitability ratios, liquidity ratios, and efficiency ratios, companies can identify strengths, weaknesses, and areas for improvement.
- Financial Health Assessment: Ratio analysis helps determine a company's financial health by evaluating its ability to meet short-term obligations (liquidity ratios) and long-term debt repayment (solvency ratios). It provides insights into the company's financial stability and risk exposure.
- Decision Making: Ratios aid in decision-making processes such as investment decisions, lending decisions, and pricing strategies. They provide valuable information to stakeholders, including investors, creditors, and managers, assisting them in making informed choices.
- Benchmarking: Ratios enable companies to benchmark their performance against industry standards or competitors. This helps identify areas where a company may be underperforming or outperforming its peers.
- Trend Analysis: Ratio analysis over multiple periods helps identify trends and patterns in a company's financial performance. It helps track progress, spot potential issues, and make strategic adjustments.
In conclusion, ratio analysis is performed by firms to evaluate performance, assess financial health, support decision-making, benchmark against industry standards, and analyze trends. It provides a comprehensive understanding of a company's financial position and aids in effective decision-making for future growth and success.
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While designing business model, what are the key considerations an entrepreneur must take? Explain and Give EXAMPLES of each of the 'Business Models" option mentioned in the Disciplined Entrepreneurship book.
While designing a business model, an entrepreneur must take into account some of the key considerations to help in their efforts. Some of these considerations include but are not limited to; value proposition, customer segment, channels, revenue streams, cost structure, and key partnerships.
An entrepreneur must identify what customers need, what they value, and what problems they face. For example, a business that provides cleaning services for households has a value proposition of saving time for their customers. Business Models; direct sales, subscription-based models, and razor-razorblade model.Customer SegmentIt is essential to identify a particular customer segment. An entrepreneur must identify the needs of the customer, their demographic, behavior, and psychographic characteristics.
An entrepreneur must identify the resources needed and how to allocate them efficiently. For example, an entrepreneur can operate a software company with a cloud-based computing system, reducing the costs of maintenance and upgrading.
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Victor’s birthday party is tomorrow. He wants to play country music during his party because it is his favorite genre. However, he is worried that his friends will think of him negatively and may even make fun of him if he plays country music. As a result, for his party he plays a pop playlist and pretends to enjoy the music. What concept best explains Victor’s thought process?
Group of answer choices
(Symbolic interactionism’s) Looking glass self
(Media multiplexity theory’s) The weakness of strong ties
(Privacy management theory’s) Boundary turbulence
(Social information processing theory’s) Limited cues environment
The concept that best explains Victor’s thought process is the "Looking glass self" of Symbolic interactionism.
Symbolic interactionism is a theory that deals with how people are influenced by symbols and the interactions they have with one another.
The "Looking glass self" concept is a central concept of this theory that explains how individuals develop their sense of self based on the reactions of others to their actions.
The Looking Glass Self theory describes that a person's self-concept and self-esteem depend on the feedback they receive from others, either positive or negative. Victor is worried about his friends' negative reactions to his love for country music.
As a result, he chose to play pop music, which his friends would appreciate and not judge him. His actions show that he is concerned about how his friends view him, and his actions are an attempt to maintain his self-concept as positive. Although Victor may be a country music lover, his need for approval from others is strong.
This is what is known as the "Looking Glass Self" concept, where people's perceptions of themselves are constructed from feedback they receive from others and how they believe others perceive them.
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What is the ratio of LTV to CAC for the sale of software sold by a company with the following information?
The total cost of obtaining 40 leads that will result in one sale is $2500
The total cost of negotiting and finalizing a sale is $2000
The annual subcription fee is $4000 paid at beginning of each year.
The customer attrition rate is 10% from year 1 to year 2 and 10% from year 2 to year 3
Only consider subscription fee for three years.
The margin on the subscription is 100%.
The discount rate is 20%.
Express your answer to two decimal places e.g. 4.26
The ratio of LTV to CAC for the sale of software sold by a company is 3.28.Subscription fee for the first three years = $4000 * 3= $12000Customer attrition rate from year 1 to year 2 is 10% implying that: 90% of the customer will still be present by the end of the first year.
The number of customers retained for the second year will be 0.9 * 40 = 36The customer attrition rate from year 2 to year 3 is 10% implying that 90% of the customers will still be present by the end of the second year.
The number of customers retained for the third year will be 0.9 * 36 = 32.4The total LTV can be determined as follows:LTV = (Margin * Subscription Fee) / (Discount rate – Customer attrition rate) * (1 – Customer attrition rate)Where;
[tex]Margin = 100%Subscription fee = $4000Discount rate = 20%Year 1 LTV = (100% * $4000) / (20% + 10%) * (1 – 10%) = $24,000Year 2 LTV = (100% * $4000) / (20% + 10%) * (1 – 10%) * (1 – 10%) = $21,600Year 3 LTV = (100% * $4000) / (20% + 10%) * (1 – 10%) * (1 – 10%) * (1 – 10%) = $19,440Total LTV = $24,000 + $21,600 + $19,440 = $65,040[/tex]
The total cost of acquiring one customer can be calculated as follows;Total CAC = Cost of obtaining a lead + Cost of closing a sale / Number of leads that results in a sale = $2500 + $2000 / 40 = $125The ratio of LTV to CAC will be:[tex]Ratio of LTV to CAC = LTV / CAC = $65,040 / $125 = 3.28[/tex]
The ratio of LTV to CAC is 3.28.
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A customer support job requires workers to complete a particular online form in 150 seconds. Les can finish the form in 180 seconds. What is his efficiency? Part 2 Les's efficiency is enter your response here%. (Enter your response rounded to one decimal place.)
Les's efficiency is 83.33%. This means that Les completes the form with an efficiency of 83.33%, taking 180 seconds to complete the form, which is 83.33% of the required time of 150 seconds.
To calculate Les's efficiency, we need to determine the percentage of time he takes compared to the required time. Let's go through the steps:
Calculate Les's time efficiency:
Efficiency = (Required time / Les's time) * 100
Efficiency = (150 / 180) * 100
Efficiency = 0.8333 * 100
Efficiency = 83.33
Therefore, Les's efficiency is 83.33%.
Les's efficiency indicates how well he performs in completing the online form compared to the required time. In this case, Les takes 180 seconds to complete the form, which is 83.33% of the required time of 150 seconds. This means that Les completes the form with an efficiency of 83.33%.
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