The phosphorylated RNA Pol II is then recruited by the capping enzymes RNGTT, RNMT-RAM, CMTR1, and CAPAM. There is a cap structure produced by each capping enzyme next to it.
The cap's formation. The capping enzymes can add the cap on the mRNA while RNA polymerase II is producing it once this complex of RNA polymerase II and the enzymes is formed. phosphorylated is used to cure capping enzyme.
The capping enzyme belongs to the superfamily of covalent nucleotide transferases, which also contains DNA and RNA ligases.
An enzyme known as a capping enzyme (CE) is responsible for catalyzing the attachment of the 5' cap to messenger RNA molecules that are initially being produced in the cell nucleus. phosphorylated is used to cure capping enzyme.
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How is heartworm transmitted, diagnosed, treated and prevented?
In the United States and many other countries across the world, heartworm illness in pets is a serious and potentially fatal condition.
What is heartworm disease?Pets are susceptible to heartworm illness, which is caused by foot-long worms (heartworms) that live locally in the heart, lungs, and blood vessels. These worms injure other bodily organs as well as causing heart failure and serious lung illness.
Other mammal species, like wolves, coyotes, foxes, sea lions, and, in very rare circumstances, humans, can also be home to heartworms. Dogs, cats, and ferrets are all effected by heartworm illness.
Due to their frequent proximity to cities, wild animals like foxes and coyotes are important disease vectors.
Therefore, In the United States and many other countries across the world, heartworm illness in pets is a serious and potentially fatal condition.
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Please match these to their corresponding organelle
1. nucleolus
2. ribosomes
3. mitochondria
4. lysosome
5. cell membrane
6. vesicle
7. cytoplasm
8. smooth ER
9. Golgi apparatus
10. cytoskeleton
11. nucleus
12. rough ER
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what is associated with secreting chemicals that kill invading organisms and infected cells? humoral immunity b-lymphocytes cell-mediated immunity both a and b
The correct answer is option B: b-lymphocytes
b-lymphocytes are associated with secreting chemicals that kill invading organisms and infected cells.
B-lymphocytes are also called effectors as they kick out the invaders from the body. These are also known as protective cells, plasma cells, and effector B-cells.
In general, B-lymphocyte cells release chemicals called antibodies which are used as protective shields against harmful invading bacteria.
Their defensive mechanism is based on attachment or binding to the invaders i.e. bacteria and viruses and killing them and eliminating them instantly from the body before they cause any harm.
Moreover, these cells also prevent the proliferation of harmful microbes inside the body.
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We observe that an emission feature in a star is shifted by 2 nm from its actual emission at 450 nm. How fast is this star moving with respect to us? Put answer in units of km/sec but don't enter units. Round to the nearest hundredths place
We see a star's emission feature is 2 nm off from its actual emission at 450 nm. This star is traveling at a speed of 0.675×[tex]10^{8}[/tex] km/s relative to us.
As we define velocity as, v= Δh/h×C
Here c is the speed of light and the value of C is 3×[tex]10^{8}[/tex] m/sec.
(450× 3×[tex]10^{8}[/tex])/2
0.675 ×[tex]10^{8}[/tex]
Hence the rate of moving stare is 0.675 ×[tex]10^{8}[/tex] Km/s. and effect is known as the Doppler effect.
What is Doppler effect?It is the result of a moving wave source that causes its upward shift in frequency for viewers as the source moves toward them and a drop shift in frequencies as the source moves away from them. used to determine if an object in space is traveling away from or toward us.
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a water molecule is added to an atp molecule to break down atp into adp and a phosphate group. write the chemical equation that represents this reaction.
The chemical equation for the reaction when a water molecule is added to an atp molecule to break down atp into adp and a phosphate group is H2O + ATP -> ADP + Pi
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a molecule that can store chemical energy in high-energy phosphoanhydride bonds. These bonds can be split to release chemical energy, for example in muscles. This process is known as ATP hydrolysis. The end result is an inorganic phosphate and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) (Pi). Another inorganic phosphate, energy, and adenosine monophosphate (AMP) can all be produced from ADP by additional hydrolysis (Pi). The final step in converting food- or sun-derived energy into useful activities like muscle contraction, creating electrochemical gradients across membranes, and biosynthetic processes required for maintaining life, is ATP hydrolysis.
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Fill in the blanks
Describe and explain why a root hair cell is diffrent to a cell found in a leaf.
A root hair cell has a.................
Theese features maximise................. Into the root from the soil.........
The leaf cell has.................. Because of theese are the parts of the cell that.............
Answer:
Here is answer
Explanation:
A root hair cell has a large surface area.
These features maximise absorption of water into the root from the soil.
The leaf cell has chloroplast because of these features the parts of cell can photosynthesis.
Answer:
I think we it has a hair I don't know
vernalization you are studying a winter-annual arabidopsis plants. you identify a strain with a mutation in the flc gene that renders it inactive. when do you expect this plant to flower?
The plant will never be able to flower.
What are annual Arabidopsis plants?
A plant is said to be annual if it completes all stages of its life cycle, from germination to the production of seeds, during a single growing season and then perishes when that season is over.
During the process of flower growth, from the vegetative to the reproductive phase, a number of genes, including SOC1, LFY, FLC, and others, play highly important roles. Which FLC gene is the repressor gene of SOC1 that result in the flowering of the plant, but after the cold treatment an additional gene called COLDAIR RNA in the process of vernalization represses FLC and causes flowering to occur. However, if COLDAIR RNA is unstable, it would be nonfunctional and the plant would never be able to flower because of this.
Hence, the plant will never be able to flower.
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scharf, s. r., and gerhart, j. c. (1983). axis determination in eggs of xenopus laevist a critical period before first cleavage, identified by the common effects of cold, pressure, and ultraviolet irradiation. dev. biol. 99, 75-87.
Embryos show a reduction and loss of body axis structures when Xenopus laevis eggs are exposed to 1.0 degrees C for 4 minutes or 8000 psi for 5 minutes during a crucial phase before initial cleavage. The deficits develop in a dose-dependent craniocaudal progression.
In the extreme, radial symmetric, completely axis-deficient embryos are produced. The time between pronuclear contact and mitosis, which is roughly when the gray crescent forms, is when the maximum sensitivity to cold and pressure occurs. This time spans from around 0.4 to 0.8. These findings are interpreted as follows: The Xenopus laevis egg contents are reorganized during the 0.4–0.8 phase in a way that is crucial for the development of the embryonic body axis later on.
Cytoskeletal components are involved in the reorganization process; some of these components are D2O-protected and susceptible to UV, pressure, and cold. It is possible to understand rescue by oblique orientation as the outcome of a gravity-driven rearrangement of the egg's contents, replacing the impaired normal mechanochemical reaction in treated Xenopus laevis eggs.
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2. Which describes the alveoli?
O They have very thick walls to contain the air that enters the lungs.
They work with the villi to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide.
They provide a large amount of surface area for gas exchange.
They are structures responsible for the production of our voice.
Alveoli work with the villi to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide .
Alveoli are the smallest structure in the respiratory system. They are organized in bunches all through the lungs at the finishes of the parts of your respiratory tree, which is the tree-like design of paths that carries air into the lungs.
The walls of the alveoli are extremely slender. This lets oxygen and CO2 pass effectively between the alveoli and vessels, which are tiny veins.
Oxygen can pass from the alveoli to the vessels on the grounds that the centralization of oxygen is lower in the vessels than in alveoli. Essentially, CO2 moves the alternate way in light of the fact that the centralization of carbon dioxide is lower in the alveoli than in the vessels.
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What are the similarities between DNA and RNA molecules?
A. A double stranded helix, a phosphate group, and a hexose sugar
B. A nitrogenous base, a phosphate group, and a pentose sugar
C. A nitrogenous base, an amino acid, and a pentose sugar
D. A single stranded helix, a phosphate group, and a pentose sugar
Answer:
B. A nitrogenous base, a phosphate group, and a pentose sugar
The posterior axial muscle that crosses the glenohumeral joint is the __________.
The answer to this fill in blanks is latissimus dorsi. The latissimus dorsi is the posterior axial muscle that crosses the glenohumeral joint.
The latissimus dorsi muscle is a broad, flat muscle that dominates the lower posterior thorax. The primary function of the muscle is in the upper extremity, but it is also considered a respiratory accessory muscle.
The latissimus dorsi is most activated during pulling and throwing movements. The most common causes of shoulder blade pain are overuse, poor technique, or failing to warm up before exercising.
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Answer:
Explanation:The posterior axial muscle that crosses the glenohumeral joint is the Latissimus Dorsi
The latissimus dorsi muscle may be a broad, flat muscle that occupies the bulk of the lower posterior thorax. The muscle's primary function is within the upper extremity but is also considered to be a respiratory accessory muscle. Due to this muscle's broad attachment on the spinous processes, ongoing research is watching what, if any, role the muscle plays in trunk movement.
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hydrogen is what gumdrop color
Answer:
red
Explanation:
what are menisci (articular discs)? what are menisci (articular discs)? cavities lined with cartilage wedges of fibrocartilage that partially or completely divide the synovial cavity tendon sheaths small sacs containing synovial fluid
Menisci (articular discs) are the: (1) cavities lined with cartilage wedges of fibrocartilage that partially or completely divide the synovial cavity.
Cartilage is the connective tissue. It acts as a shock absorber therefore protects the bones and muscles. It is a very strong yet soft and flexible tissue. The cells that make up the cartilage are called chondrocytes. There are three types of cartilage. These are: hyaline, fibro and elastic.
Synovial cavity is the space between two bones. It is filled with a fluid called synovial fluid. Almost all the joints contain synovial cavity. The function of the cavity and fluid is to lubricate the ends of the bone and therefore protect them any wear or tear.
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For Genes to become protein DNA must first be ... ?
Answer: transciped
Explanation: In order for a cell to manufacture these proteins, specific genes within its DNA must first be transcribed into molecules of mRNA; then, these transcripts must be translated into chains of amino acids, which later folded into fully functional proteins.
Answer:
Answer down below!
Explanation:
They need to be transcribed before they can become proteins!
Hope this helps!
3. The pH of stomach acid is 2, why is this both good, but possibly destructive to our bodies?
GIVING BRAINIEST FOR CORRECT ANSWER
In which two ways do plant cells use the sugar made in photosynthesis ?
• to produce phosphate groups
• to store inorganic matter
• to supply the plant with energy for life
• to make other types of organic molecules
The two ways in which plant cells use the sugar made in photosynthesis are to supply the plant with energy for life and to make other types of organic molecules. The correct options are c and d.
What is photosynthesis?Photosynthesis is a method that plants and other lifeforms use to transform light energy into chemical energy that can then be released to fuel the organism's activities via cellular respiration.
Plants use their leaves to trap light energy during photosynthesis. Plants use the sun's energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into glucose, a sugar.
Plants use glucose for energy and to make other substances such as cellulose and starch. Cellulose is used to construct cell walls.
Thus, c and d are the correct options.
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if all humans have the same genes, then what makes each person unique?
Answer: The combination of all of your variants make up the 0.1% difference in your DNA—the part of your DNA that makes you unique from everyone else—and helps give you a unique sequence.
Explanation: The gene copies are different when the nucleotide sequence differs in at least one site. For instance, a gene copy contains the A nucleotide in a specific location, while the other copy has the G nucleotide in the same place. We say that this person has two different alleles in the same location.
People differ in so many ways; in their genetic make-up, sociocultural backgrounds, attitudes, the way they speak, listen, learn, behave, act and react.
If this helped please mark me as the brainliest answer <3
Which option is an example of something that can promote sustainable development?
Responses
(A.) having a leaky septic tank
(B.) clearing acres of land to build a home
(C.) using solar panels for heat
(D.) having a large yard
Answer:
(C.) using solar panels for heat
Explanation:
k 12 quiz
Having a large yard is an example of something that can promote sustainable development. Thus, the correct option is D.
What is Sustainable development?Sustainable development is an organizing principle for the meeting of the human development goals while it is also sustaining the ability of the natural systems to provide the natural resources and ecosystem services on which the human economies and society depends as a whole.
A yard is an open place which has fencing around it, with the grasses and small shrubs around as well. Having a large yard will not only meet the requirements of the human beings however it also be in favor of the environment as there will be no construction over that area due to the yard.
Therefore, the correct option is D.
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ater is considered hypoxic (lacking oxygen) if it contains 2 mg/l or less dissolved oxygen. think of the food chain that exists in the gulf of mexico: what are the types of organisms that likely live at the bottom of the gulf, where the water is most hypoxic? how can a lack of oxygen affect them? which cellular processes are affected by a lack of oxygen?
When cells are not given glucose and oxygen, necrosis, or cell death, takes place. The fact that cells can endure hypoxia is noteworthy. The intrinsic apoptotic pathway is activated by acute oxygen deprivation, and this results in a lowering of the mitochondrial membrane's potential, according to early study.
How is cellular respiration impacted by a lack of oxygen?When oxygenated blood is not given to cells, cellular membranes break down, causing anaerobic metabolism and a loss of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
Since oxygen is needed for algae to break down, fish and other aquatic species have much less DO available to them, which has an adverse effect on their health and frequently results in fish death. Low DO in water is also brought on by the decomposition of aquatic plants and phytoplankton that are submerged.
Low oxygen levels in your bodily tissues are known as hypoxia.You may be at risk for hypoxia if you have one of several chronic heart and lung diseases. Hypoxia poses a serious risk to life.
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9.What is Acceleration?
a) How long it takes me to win at fortnight.
b) The direction of an object.
c) A change in Motion.
d) How fast something is moving.
c is the correct answer
hope it helps
which of these steps in the retrovirus life cycle are correct? i. viral mrna is transcribed from the integrated proviral dna. ii. single-stranded viral dna is integrated into the dna of the host chromosome. iii. reverse transcriptase synthesizes a second strand from the dna copy. iv. capsid breaks down; resolvase synthesizes a dna copy of the viral rna.
Retrovirus has capability to synthesize sized single DNA from RNA template by the help of reverse transcriptase enzyme, that's why it is called retrovirus.
First, Capsid is broken down and released. Second, released viral RNA and ready to work as a temple for single strand DNA synthesis, these DNA enter within the host. Third, single strand DNA is integrated into the host chromosome. Fourth, viral m-RNA is transcribed from the Retrovirus DNA by using host machinery, along with this third step, reverse transcriptase enzymes synthesize second strand from DNA copy and virus store these genetic material as a viral genome.
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Which part of your bone has the important function of storing minerals?
Answer:
Spongy bone
Its the soft, inner layer of your bones. It's full of holes where bone marrow can fit.
Can a flower be both perfect and incomplete?
Answer:
It is possible for a perfect flower to be incomplete, but it is not possible for an imperfect flower to be complete.
Explanation:
A flower with male and female parts is called a perfect flower. A flower that is missing male or female parts is an imperfect flower. Plants may have flowers that are complete or incomplete.
I need help with this please
A group of related parts with specific roles that work together converts the message to a signal and send it to a receiver.
The correct option is D.
What is the communication system ?The communication system describes an information conversation between different sites. Data is sent and received in communication. The three major parts of communication are the data transmitter, the channel or medium of communication, and the data receiver.
What is an example of a communication system?The telephone, the telegraph, the cell phone, the Edison telegraph, the computer, and the TV cable are the key examples of communication systems. This system's sources can be classified as either electric or non-electric. These are the places where a message or input signal comes from.
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The complete question is -
A system is a group of related parts with specific roles that work together to achieve an observed result. The flow chart below shows a communication system. In this communication system, what does the transmitter do?
How does a substance cross the cell membrane in diffusion?
In diffusion substance move from a region of high concentration to a region in low concentration.
Diffusion is an essential process in cells. They need glucose and oxygen for respiration, which move into them by diffusion. Respiration produces carbon dioxide and water which leave cells by diffusion.
Diffusion is the process of movement of molecules under a concentration gradient. Diffusion helps in the movement of substances in and out of the cells.
Osmosis is a type of simple diffusion in which water molecules diffuse through a selectively permeable membrane from areas of high water concentration to areas of lower water concentration.
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Are white blood cells larger than red blood cells
Monocytes(white blood cells) are the largest cells of the blood (averaging 15–18 μm in diameter), and they make up about 7 percent of the leukocytes.
the average lifespan of a species is just 1-10 million years. why do you think there are such high rates of speciation and extinction constantly occurring throughout the history of life on earth?
There are such high levels of speciation and extinction because conditions on the Earth keep on changing.
For a species to survive on the Earth, the conditions provided shall be suitable for it to exist. However, most of the times in an ecosystem, the conditions change when there is more competition for food and survival. Also, a rapid change in the ecosystem can cause a species to become extinct due to unfavorable conditions.
A species might have to move to another area if the conditions become unfavorable to survive. There might already be competing in the new area and hence the new species might not be able to survive.
Hence, the changing conditions of an ecosystem are the main reason for the high rates of speciation and extinction that constantly occur in the history of life on earth.
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What do you think is the same characteristic/attitude of a person and your chosen pets?
Chosen pet: Bird
Answer:
Eagle: Loves authority & power.
Peacock: Is the crowd-pleaser.
Owl: The 'numbers' guy (or girl)
Dove: The nurturer & helper.
Explanation:
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During cellular respiration, four total atp are produced when pyruvic acid is created. What else is produced as a result of this reaction?.
Heat is also produced as a result of this reaction.
The process by which glucose is broken down to provide energy is known as glycolysis. It generates two pyruvate molecules, ATP, NADH, and water. There is no need for oxygen throughout the process, which occurs in the cytoplasm of a cell. Both aerobic and anaerobic creatures experience it.
Four ATP molecules (net = 2) are produced during glycolysis in addition to the pyruvic acid that is created.
However, glycolysis releases energy in the form of heat, much like all other catabolic reactions that involve the breakdown of big molecules.
Therefore, heat is also produced as a result of glycolytic reaction (cellular respiration).
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evaluate this statement: crossing over is the only mechanism that creates genetic variation by creating hybrid chromosomes with new combinations of alleles.
The statement "crossing over is the only mechanism that creates genetic variation by creating hybrid chromosomes with new combinations of alleles" is definitely true.
What is Crossing over?Crossing over may be defined as a type of process through which the exchange of genetic material occurs between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes. This process mostly occurs in the Pachytene stage of meiosis I.
According to the question, independent assortment and random fertilization significantly construct genetic variations with the help of chromosome shuffling. There must be an exchange of genetic segments.
Therefore, the statement "crossing over is the only mechanism that creates genetic variation by creating hybrid chromosomes with new combinations of alleles" is definitely true.
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