The patterns of acid rain is best explained on the basis of it's ph observations.
Rain or any other form of precipitation that is unusually acidic, is referred to as acid rain (low pH). The Northeastern United States contains the regions with the highest levels of acidity (lowest pH values). The Northeast's concentration of industrial and power facilities, numerous cities, and dense population are to blame for this trend of high acidity.
Infrastructure, marine life, and plants can all be harmed by acid rain. Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide emissions cause acid rain by reacting with the water molecules in the atmosphere to create acids. It has been noted that acid rain also has negative effects on forests, freshwaters, and soils. It also kills insect and aquatic life-forms, damages structures, and has an effect on human health.
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What is chemical contamination?
List what hazards it may cause for foods
Give at least 4 examples
List at least 5 procedures for preventing this type of contamination
Answer:
There are three major hazards that may be introduced into the food supply any time during harvesting, processing, transporting, preparing, storing and serving food. These hazards may be microbiological, chemical or physical.
Explanation:
microbiological hazards
Microbiological hazard occurs when food becomes contaminated by microorganisms found in the air, food, water, soil, animals and the human body. Many microorganisms are helpful and necessary for life itself. However, given the right conditions, some microorganisms may cause a foodborne illness. Microorganisms commonly associated with foodborne illnesses include bacteria, viruses and parasites.chemical hazardsChemical hazards can occur at any point during harvesting, storage, preparation and service. When toxic chemicals used for pest control or for cleaning and sanitizing food contact surfaces and food preparation equipment come into contact with food, the food may be contaminated by those chemicals.Toxic metals such as copper, brass, cadmium, lead and zinc can be a source of chemical contamination. Zinc, used in galvanized containers (garbage cans) and in gray enamelware containers which may be plated with anatomy or cadmium, can make acidic foods such as orange juice or tomato sauce and pickles poisonous. Pottery dishes with lead glazes should not be used to prepare or serve food.Intentionally added chemicals help to maintain a food’s freshness or to enhance flavors in foods. Check the food ingredient label for more information about the additives. Excessive use of some additives has been linked (see Fact Sheets on Food Allergies and Food Additives) to cases of lethal allergic reactionsparticularly among sensitive individuals, in particular, asthmatics.Foodservice establishments are prohibited by law from using sulfites to maintain product freshness. However, they are still approved for use in some food processing operations, for example, processing shrimp and manufacturing wine. If they are used, the product must be clearly labeled.physical hazardsPhysical hazards usually result from accidental contamination and /or poor food handling practices. Examples include, slivers of glass, human hair, nails, false nails, nail polish, pieces of jewelry, metal fragments from worn or chipped utensils and containers, dirt, stones, frilled toothpicks.Pesticides may leave residues on fruits and vegetables. In general, these residues can be removed by scrubbing the surface and washing with water.Food irradiation is classified as a food additive and is regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Irradiation is a process which destroys pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms without compromising safety, nutrition or quality and significantly lengthens storage life. In general, spices are irradiated as a means of controlling bacterial growth and mold. According to Dr. Donald Thayer of the USDA Agricultural Research Service, irradiation looks promising as a treatment for controlling cylospora in fresh produce like raspberries . Contact your local Cooperative Extension office for the latest information on irradiation.
Which compound is a carbohydrate? (1 point)
O HCIO4
O Na₂C₂04
O C4H12N2
O C3H6O3
Answer:
it's the last one
Answer:
C3H6O3
Explanation:
It is one of the simplest molecules to compare against other molecules, such as sugars and amino acids.
Question 5
2 Points
The composition of a mixture of potassium chlorate and potassium chloride is to be determined. A 9.47 gram sample of the mixture
is heated until the creation of oxygen gas stops. If the sample mass after heating is 7.11 grams, what is the percent by mass of
potassium chlorate in the mixture? Report your answer with 3 significant figures.
Add your answer
The percent by mass of potassium chlorate in the mixture is 62.46 %
Potassium chlorate is a compound containing potassium, chlorine and oxygen, with the molecular formulation KClO₃. In its natural form, it is a white crystalline substance. After sodium chlorate, it's far the second one maximum not unusual chlorate in commercial use.
Potassium chloride, also referred to as potassium salt, is used as a medicine to treat and prevent low blood potassium. Low blood potassium may also occur due to vomiting, diarrhea, or certain medications.
A aggregate is a material made of two or more extraordinary chemical materials which are not chemically bonded. A combination is the bodily aggregate of two or greater substances wherein the identities are retained and are combined in the shape of answers, suspensions and colloids
KClO₃ + KCl = 9.47 gram --------- sample before heating
KClO₃ + KCl = 7.11 gram ---------- sample mass after heating
mass of oxygen = 9.47 - 7.11 = 2.36 gram
Therefore mass of KClO₃ in an mixture is = 7.11/2 + 2.36
= 5.915 gram
Therefore, the percent by mass of potassium chlorate in the mixture = 5.915/9.47 × 100
= 62.46 %
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2KClO₃(s) → 2KCl(s) + 3O₂(g) 15. How many liters of O₂ will be produced at a temperature of 37OC and 1520 torr if 2 moles of KClO₃ decompose according to the balanced equation given above:
The volume of 79.1 liters of oxygen (O₂) will be produced at a temperature of 370°C and 1520 torr if 2 moles of KClO₃ decompose.
What is the molar volume of the gas?The molar volume (Vm) is the volume occupied by 1 mole of a chemical element or a chemical compound at Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP). Molar gas volume is one mole at a specific temperature and pressure and has a fixed volume.
The Molar volume is inversely proportional to density and directly proportional to molar mass. One mole of any gas at STP occupies a volume of 22.4 liters.
Given, the 2moles of KClO₃ will produce O₂ gas = 3moles
The volume occupied by 3 moles of the oxygen gas at 370°C and 1520 torr is :
Given, n = 3, P = 1520 torr = 2atm and T = 370°C = 643 K
PV = n RT
(2atm) V = (3)(0.082 atm L /K) (643K)
V =79.1 L
Therefore, the volume of oxygen gas produced will be equal to 79.1 Litres.
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What is a nonrenewable resource?
Non-renewable resources are resources found by humans as a source of energy and such resources cannot be replenished. Therefore such resources should not be wasted.
The earth is rich in resources. Some are unlimited others are inherently limited. Renewable resources are unlimited and can be replenished. However non-renewable resources are finite and must be used carefully to ensure long-term use for future generations. Wood is a renewable resource. This means you can grow additional resources in place of felled wood.
Non-renewable energy comes from resources that are depleted or not replenished over and over again throughout our lifetime. Most non-renewable energy sources are fossil fuels such as coal oil and natural gas. Carbon is the main element of fossil fuels. Air and water are also renewable natural resources. They don't grow like trees or have babies like animals. But they are constantly updated. They move cyclically.
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water vapor with a total mass of 10.29g occupies
Water vapor with a total mass of 10.29 g occupies 6.07 x 10⁻5 mL of volume.
Density of substance is defined as the mass of the substance per unit of its volume.
We know that,
Density of water vapor at 100°C and standard pressure is 5.9 x 10⁻⁴ g/cm³. To calculate volume, we will use the formula of density, which is -
density = mass
volume
volume = mass x density
We know from the question that,
mass = 10.29 g
Substituting values in the equation,
volume = 10.29 x 5.9 x 10⁻⁴
volume = 6.07 x 10⁻⁵ mL
Hence, the volume occupied by the water vapor is 6.07 x 10⁻⁵ mL
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The substances that make it up keep their physical properties
Answer:
A mixture is a combination of two or more substances in any proportions. The substances in a mixture do not combine chemically, so they retain their physical properties. A homogeneous mixture has the same composition throughout.
state the criterion spontaneity of chemical reaction
Answer:
Criteria for spontaneity in terms of free energy change: (i) If ∆G is negative, the process is spontaneous. (ii) If ∆G is positive, the direct process is non-spontaneous. (iii) If ∆G is zero, the process is in equilibrium.
11. Which of the following is true at equilibrium?a.The reaction stopsb. The forward and reverse reactions occur at equal ratesC. The reactants have been used upd. The products have been used up
Explanation:
Equilibrium occurs in a reversible reaction. This occurs when in a reaction the products formed react to reproduce the reactants. So basically, the forward and reverse reaction occur at equal rates.
Answer:
The correct answer is B.
Balance the equation: __Rh + __O2 --> __Rh2O7
Answer:
[tex]4Rh+7O_2\text{ }\rightarrow2Rh_2O_7[/tex]Explanation:
Here, we want to balance the given chemical equation
We can start by balancing the oxygen atoms
We have 7 on the left and 2 on the right
To make a balance, we place 7 before the molecular oxygen on the left and 2 on the given oxide
That means we would be having 4 Rh on the left
To balance the Rh, we have to place 4 on the left side
Thus, we have the balanced equation as:
[tex]4Rh+7O_2\text{ }\rightarrow2Rh_2O_7[/tex]Nuclear energy is produced and converted at nuclear power plants.
Which kind of nuclear energy is used in homes?
light energy
electrical energy
solar energy
heat energy
Nuclear energy produces electricity or electrical energy that can be used to power homes, schools, businesses, and hospitals.
What is Nuclear energy ?A type of energy emitted by an atom's nucleus, which is composed of protons and neutrons, is known as nuclear energy. Fission, which occurs when atoms' nuclei split into numerous portions, and fusion, which occurs when nuclei fuse together, are the two methods in which this type of energy can be created.
Nuclear power plants turn water into steam in a controlled setting using heat produced by nuclear fission, which drives generators to generate electricity.Nuclear energy is recyclable even though it is not a renewable energy. 96% of the spent nuclear fuel in reactors is recyclable thanks to Orano's innovations, which are unparalleled in the world on an industrial scale.Learn more about Nuclear energy here:
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Fictitious element Az has two common isotopes. What is the average atomic mass (in amu) of Az given that seven-ninth of the isotopes have a mass of 325.2 amu, while the rest have a mass of 329.6 amu? Report the answer to 4 significant figures.
The average atomic mass of the fictitious element Az is 326.2 amu
The average atomic mass (on occasion referred to as atomic weight) of an element is the weighted average mass of the atoms in an obviously going-on sample of the element. average masses are typically expressed in unified atomic mass gadgets.
The atomic mass of detail is the common mass of the atoms of an element measured in the atomic mass units (AMU, also called daltons, D). The atomic mass is a weighted average of all of the isotopes of that element, in which the mass of every isotope is improved via the abundance of that specific isotope.
The atomic mass is a median of an element's atomic hundreds, weighted via the herbal abundance of each isotope of that detail. it is a weighted common because exclusive isotopes have one-of-a-kind hundreds. An atomic mass unit is 1/12th of the mass of a 12C atom.
Average atomic mass = Σ % abundance × mass
= 325.2 × 7/9 + 329.6 × 2/9
= 252.93 + 73.24
= 326.17 amu
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Electrons are transferred from atoms of
sodium
to atoms of
phosphorus
. This transfer makes the sodium atoms
and the phosphorus atoms
. As a result, the sodium and phosphorus atoms strongly
each other.
Answer:
Electrons are transferred from atoms of sodium to atoms of phosphorus. This transfer makes the sodium atoms positive and the phosphorus atoms negative. As a result, the sodium and phosphorus atoms strongly attract each other.
Explanation:
If the pH of an acid is 5.1, what is the concentration of the H+?
Answer
[H+] = 7.94x10^-6 M
Explanation
Given:
pH = 5.1
Required: The concentration of H+
Solution
pH = -log[H+]
5.1 = - log [H+]
[H+] = 10^-5.1
[H+] = 7.94x10^-6 M
Calculate the mass, in grams, of 532 atoms of iron, Fe (1 mol of Fe has a mass of 55.85 g).
One mole of a substance contains 6.02×10²³ atoms. This number is called Avogadro number. The mass of 532 atoms of Fe is only 4.93×10⁻²⁰ g.
What is one mole?Any substance which contain 6.02×10²³ atoms is called one mole of the substance. One mole of iron (Fe) is 55.85 g and it contains Avogadro number of atoms or 6.02×10²³ atoms.
Iron is a transition metal with electropositive character and is an essential metal in construction field and in electronic devices.
The atomic mass of iron = 55.85 g/mol.
If 55.85 g of Fe contains 6.02×10²³ atoms, the mass of iron which contain 532 atoms is then calculated as follows:
mass of iron = (532 × 55.85 g) / 6.02×10²³
= 4.93×10⁻²⁰ g.
Hence, The mass of 532 atoms of iron is only 4.93×10⁻²⁰ g.
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What is the volume of a 10% m/v aqueous solution that contains 37.8g of HN03?
378mL is the volume of a 10% m/v aqueous solution that contains 37.8g of HN03
What is an aqueous solution?
A solution in which the solvent is water is referred to as an aqueous solution. By adding (aq) to the appropriate chemical formula, it is typically shown in chemical equations. For instance, Na+(aq) + Cl would be used to represent a table salt solution (also known as sodium chloride, or NaCl) in water (aq).
The word aqueous, which derives from the Latin word aqua, means being or consisting of water. Water is a common solvent in chemistry because it works great as a solvent and is also readily available. In experiments, water is frequently used as the solvent; therefore, unless otherwise specified, the term "solution" refers to an aqueous solution.
The mass of HNO3 = 37.8g
The mass is 10% m/v of the solution which implies
10/100 = mass/ volume
Volume = 10mass
Volume = 10(37.8g)
Volume = 378mL
Thus, 378mL is the volume of a 10% m/v aqueous solution that contains 37.8g of HN03
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How many moles of KClO3 solid must be reacted according to the following balanced chemical reaction to transfer -34.2 kJ of heat? 2KClO₃(s) → 2KCl(s) + 3O₂(g) ∆H = -89.4kJ
If you've done stoichiometry already, it's easiest to do enthalpy problems like this in the same way where your ∆H is just part of the 'railroad tracks'.
-34.2 kJ (2 mol KClO3/-89.4 kJ) = 0.765 mol KClO3
Marine science table 20-2
The distance between two consecutive crests or troughs of a wave, particularly in the case of electromagnetic or sound waves, is known as its wavelength.
The wavelength (in nanometers) or frequency of light is used to quantify it (in Hertz). Like with radio waves, they can also be as long as centimetres or metres. It is represented by and inversely proportional to wave frequency.
What distinguishes frequency from wavelength?
Frequency and wavelength are intimately related, particularly in the context of light. Frequency is determined by the number of waves that pass through a single place over a particular period of time, whereas wavelength is the distance between two successive troughs or crests.
The crest of a wave is the part of transverse waves that are above the mean level. The wave's trough is the region of transverse waves that lies below the mean level. The distance between two succeeding crests or troughs is known as the wavelength.
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During a physics experiment, an electron is accelerated to 93 percent of the speed of light. What is the speed of the electron in miles per hour? (speed of light = 3.00 x 10^8 m/s, 1 km = 0.6214 mi)
speed of the electron = 0.93*speed of light
= 0.93*3.00 × [tex]10^{8}[/tex] m/s*(0.6214 mi/1 km)*(3600 s/hr)
= 6.24X [tex]10^8[/tex] mi/hr
What is speed?
Speed is defined as the rate at which the position of an object changes in any direction.
There are four types of speed and they are:
Constant Speed: An object is at a constant Speed when the object travels the same distance in equal intervals of time. Variable Speed: An object is said to have variable speed when the object travels varying distances at regular intervals. Average Speed: Average speed is defined as the constant speed obtained by dividing the total distance travelled by the object by the total time spent on the object. Instantaneous Speed : When an object moves with a variable speed, the speed of the object at any instant of time is called the instantaneous speed.To learn more about speed, visit;
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5.Which of the following statements is true of the particles found in gas?Select one:a. They are closely spaced and not very energetic.b. They are closely spaced and very energetic.c. They are far apart and not energetic.d. They are very far apart and very energetic.
Answer
d. They are very far apart and very energetic.
Explanation
The particles in the solid are touching with very little space between them. The particles in a liquid usually are still touching but there are some spaces between them. The gas particles have big distances between them.
Gas particles are in constant rapid motion in random directions. The fast motion of gas particles gives them a relatively large amount of kinetic energy.
Engineers must consider how removing or adding thermal energy changes the energy in materials on the molecular level. Describe how the different
weather conditions would affect the concrete in the roads and what the construction teams might need to consider when choosing materials for each
road.
The thermal energy will affect the temperature of road and increase the temperature which causes cracks on the roads after some times. Thus the construction team must use temperature resistant material.
What is thermal energy?Thermal energy is defined as internal energy present in a thermodynamically balanced system as a result of its temperature.
It can also be defined as the energy derived from matter's temperature.
There are three types of thermal energy transfer.
ConductionRadiationConvectionThus, the thermal energy will affect the temperature of road and increase the temperature which causes cracks on the roads after some times. Thus the construction team must use temperature resistant material.
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What triggers the development of a tornado?
A.
unstable Coriolis forces
B.
water vapor rising too quickly from the ocean
C.
the colliding of two cold fronts
D.
a cold air mass colliding with a hot air mass
A cold air mass colliding with a hot air mass triggers the development of a tornado and is denoted as option D.
What is Tornado?
This is referred to as a violently rotating column of air and it is caused as a result of different types of factors such as the humidity , temperature etc.
A tornado is usually very violent and it is formed when cold air mass collides with a hot air mass and is often characterized by a green color in most situations and is therefore the reason why option D was chosen as the most appropriate choice.
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What is the dose of a medicament for a child that weighs 66 lb if
the dose is stated as 2.5 mg/kg body weight?
The dose of the medicine per one kilogram of a body is 2.5 mg then , the dose of medicine required for 66 lb weight or 29.8 Kg is 74.5 mg.
What is dose of a medicine?Dose of a medicine is the amount of that medicine required to be taken for one time. It can be measured per Kg of body and the dose of medicine can be g or mg.
lb is a unit of weight. Generally we are using kilogram (Kg) unit of for kg. One lb weight = 0.453 kg.
Hence, 66 lb in kilogram weight is written as: 66 × 0.453 Kg = 29.8 Kg. The dose of medicine is 2.5 mg/kg which means, 2.5 mg is required for 1 Kg body.
The dose of the medicine required for 66 lb or 29.8 Kg is calculated by multiplying the dose required for 1 kg to the actual weight of the child as follows:
Dose = 29.8 × 2.5
= 74.5 mg.
Thus, the child that weighs 66 lb or 29.8 kg is required to take the medicine of 74.5 mg dose.
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Why are elements on the periodic table not arranged by mass
Periodic table give us a chart where we can see the elements in the increasing order of atomic number because of the repetition of the properties of the elements
What is Periodic table?Periodic table is a table in which we find elements with properties like metals, non metals, metalloids and radioactive element arranges in increasing atomic number.
Arrangements of element is done on the basis of atomic number not on the basis of mass number because on arranging on the basis of atomic number the properties of elements gets repeat due to the arrangement of electron around the nucleus.
Thus periodic table is arranged on the basis or atomic number not on the basis of mass number due to repetition of properties
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The forensic technician at a crime scene has just prepared a luminol stock solution by adding 10.0 g of luminol into a total volume of 75.0 mL of H2O .What is the molarity of the stock solution of luminol?Express your answer with the appropriate units.
1) List the known and unknown quantities.
Sample: luminol.
Mass: 10.0 g.
Volume: 75.0 mL.
Molarity: unknown.
2) Set the equation.
[tex]M=\frac{moles\text{ }of\text{ }solute}{liters\text{ }of\text{ }solution}[/tex]3) Conversion of units.
3.1-Convert mass to moles.
The molar mass of luminol (C8H7N3O2) is 177.1601 g/mol.
[tex]mol\text{ }C_8H_7N_3O_2=10.0\text{ }g\text{ }C_8H_7N_3O_2*\frac{1\text{ }mol\text{ }C_8H_7N_3O_2}{177.1601\text{ }g\text{ }C_8H_7N_3O_2}[/tex][tex]mol\text{ }C_8H_7N_3O_2=0.05645\text{ }mol\text{ }C_8H_7N_3O_2[/tex]3.2-Convert mL to L.
1 L = 1000 mL
[tex]L=75.0\text{ }mL*\frac{1\text{ }L}{1000\text{ }mL}=0.075\text{ }L[/tex]4) Plug in the known quantities.
[tex]M=\frac{0.05645\text{ }mol\text{ }C_8H_7N_3O_2}{0.075\text{ }L}[/tex][tex]M=0.7527\text{ }M\text{ }C_8H_7N_3O_2[/tex]The molarity of the stock solution is 0.75 M C8H7N3O2.
.
What is the pH of a 0.59 M solution of potassium nitrite (KNO2)?
Report your answer to 2 decimal places.
From the calculation that is based on the ICE table shown, the pH of the solution is 1.8.
What is the pH?Let us recall that the KNO2 is a salt of the nitrous acid. Our concern now would be on the nitrous ion and we are going to make up the ICE table from the following;
NO2^-(aq) + H2O(l) ⇄ HNO2(aq) + OH^-(aq)
HNO2 (aq) ⇄ H^+(aq) + NO2^-(aq)
I 0.59 0 0
C -x +x +x
E 0.59 -x x x
Now we know that the Ka of HNO2 is 4.0x10^-4.
Ka = [H^+] [NO2^-]/[ HNO2]
4.0x10^-4 = x^2/0.59 -x
4.0x10^-4(0.59 -x) = x^2
2.36 x10^-4 - 4.0x10^-4x = x^2
x^2 + 4.0x10^-4x - 2.36 x10^-4 = 0
x=0.015
pH = -log(0.015)
pH = 1.8
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What is the pH of an aqueous solution if the [H3O+] = 0.055 M?
Answer
pH = 1.26
Explanation
If the [H3O+] of an aqueous solution is 0.055 M, then its pH can be calculated using the pH formula below.
[tex]\begin{gathered} pH=-log[H_3O^+] \\ \\ pH=-log(0.055) \\ \\ pH=-(-1.26) \\ \\ pH=1.26 \end{gathered}[/tex]The pH of an aqueous solution of 0.055 M is 1.26
What is a nonrenewable resource?
Non-renewable resources are resources found by humans as a source of energy and such resources cannot be replenished. Therefore, such resources should not be wasted.
Nature is the epitome of beauty and grace but as humans grow up they forget the shining and uplifting virtues. People should use resources responsibly. Non-renewable resources come from the earth. The supply is finite and could take billions of years to replenish.
In the past, many non-renewable energies were relatively cheap to generate. However, as supplies continue to dwindle the cost of this extraction is likely to increase, prompting customers to turn to alternative power sources such as solar and wind. The most common examples of natural resources include crude oil coal uranium and mineral resources such as gold. A subset of non-renewable resources includes crude oil and natural gas. Both substances are made of organic carbon materials and change shape over time after being heated and compressed.
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It reacts with oxygen according to the following equation:
B2H6(g)+3O2(g)→B2O3(s)+3H2O(l)
How many grams of diborane will react with 7.1 mol of O2 ?
Taking into account the reaction stoichiometry, 65.32 grams of B₂H₆ will react with 7.1 mol of O₂.
Reaction stoichiometryIn first place, the balanced reaction is:
B₂H₆ + 3 O₂ → B₂O₃ + 3 H₂O
By reaction stoichiometry (that is, the relationship between the amount of reagents and products in a chemical reaction), the following amounts of moles of each compound participate in the reaction:
B₂H₆: 1 moleO₂: 3 molesB₂O₃: 1 moleH₂O: 3 molesThe molar mass of the compounds is:
B₂H₆: 27.6 g/moleO₂: 32 g/moleB₂O₃: 69.6 g/moleH₂O: 18 g/moleThen, by reaction stoichiometry, the following mass quantities of each compound participate in the reaction:
B₂H₆: 1 mole ×27.6 g/mole= 27.6 gramsO₂: 3 moles ×32 g/mole= 96 gramsB₂O₃: 1 mole ×69.6 g/mole= 69.6 gramsH₂O: 3 moles ×18 g/mole= 54 gramsMass of B₂H₆ requiredThe following rule of three can be applied: If by reaction stoichiometry 3 moles of O₂ react with 27.6 grams of B₂H₆, 7.1 moles of O₂ react with how much mass of B₂H₆?
mass of B₂H₆= (7.1 moles of O₂× 27.6 grams of B₂H₆)÷ 3 moles of O₂
mass of B₂H₆= 65.32 grams
Finally, 65.32 grams of B₂H₆ is required.
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Why is an indicator used in a titration?To help reactants react successfully.To bind to the acid to form products.To show when the reaction has reached or past the equivalence point.To provide a surface for the reaction to occur.
Explanation:
The use of pH indicators in the titration process is useful to determine the end point of the titration, indicating that the entire sample is reacted.
Answer: To show when the reaction has reached or past the equivalence point.