12) a. Calculate the mass defect in Fe-56 if the mass of
an Fe-56 nucleus is 55.921 amu. The mass of a
proton is 1.00728 amu and the mass of a neutron
is 1.008665 amu.

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b. Determine the binding energy of an O-16
nucleus. The O-16 nucleus has a mass of 15.9905
amu. A proton has a mass of 1.00728 amu, a neutron has a mass of 1.008665 amu, and 1 amu is equivalent to 931 MeV of energy.

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c. What percentage of a radioactive substance
remains after 7.00 half-lives have elapsed?

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d. Carbon-11 is used in medical imaging. The half-
life of this radioisotope is 20.4 min. What
percentage of a sample remains after 60.0 min?

show work

A balloon contains 0.76 mol n2, 0.18 mol o2, 0.031 mol he and 0.026 mol h2 at 749 mm hg is 140mmH.Each gas that makes up a mixture of gases has a partial pressure.

According to Dalton's Law, a perfect gas mixture's total pressure equals the sum of its constituent gases' individual partial pressures. The thermodynamic activity of a gas's molecules is gauged by its partial pressure. Gases react, disperse, and dissolve based on their partial pressures rather than the concentrations they have in liquids or other gas combinations. This characteristic of gases generally holds true for biological gas chemical processes.

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B. 2-bromo-4-ethyl benzene carboxylic acid. The term "industrial chemical" is short form for "International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry(iupac).

The IUPAC nomenclature is based on naming the longest continuous or ring-shaped chain of carbon atoms linked by a single bond within a given molecule. Prefixes or suffixes are used in accordance with a predetermined order to identify all deviations, including those involving multiple bonds or atoms other than carbon and hydrogen.

The base name is written first, then the name of the compound is spelt out in alphabetical order (derived from the number of carbons in the parent chain). The name has no spaces in it.

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The mass of NaF that will be produced when 7.6 g of [tex]F_2[/tex]  completely reacts with 23.2 g NaCl to produce 14.0 g of [tex]Cl_2[/tex] gas would be 16.80 grams.

From the balanced equation of the reaction between [tex]F_2[/tex] and NaCl below:

[tex]F_2 + 2NaCl -- > 2NaF + Cl_2 (g)[/tex]

The mole ratio of the 2 reactants is 1:2. We need to find the limiting reactant.

Recall that: mole = mass/molar mass

Molar mass of [tex]F_2[/tex] = 38 g/mol

Molar mass of NaCl = 58.44 g/mol

Mole of 7.6 g [tex]F_2[/tex] = 7.6/38 = 0.2 mol

Mole of 23.2 g NaCl = 23.2/58.44 = 0.40 mol

From the calculated moles, there is no excess reactant.

The mole ratio of NaCl to NaF is 1:1. Hence, the equivalent mole of NaF produced will also be 0.40 mol.

The molar mass of NaF is 41.99 g/mol.

Mass of 0.40 g NaF = 0.40 x 41.99

                                 = 16.80 grams

In other words, the amount of NaF that will be produced when 7.6 g of [tex]F_2[/tex]  completely reacts with 23.2 g NaCl to produce 14.0 g of [tex]Cl_2[/tex] gas would be 16.80 grams.

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Atoms of hydrogen are then balanced. Watch the following video to learn more about oxygen atoms. C12H22O11 with 12O2 equals 12CO2 plus 11H2O.

Balance C12H22O11 + O2 CO2 + H2O

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The total heat that is required to produce the solid  is obtained as 34.8 kJ.

We know that the energy of the substance can be defined as the ability to do work. In this case, energy has been supplied to the system as the heat that is supplied to the substances.

There are stages that the objects would have to go through and in all these stages we have heat that is evolved or absorbed.

As the object cools from  120.9 °C to  87.9 °C

H = mcdT

m = mass of the object

c = specific heat capacity

dT = temperature change

H = 221.6 g *  1.5 J/g·°C * (87.9 °C - 120.9 °C)

H = -10,969 J or 10.969 kJ

As it is converted from gas to liquid;

H = 221.6 g/75 g/mol * 34.6 kJ/mol

H = 2.95 mol *  34.6 kJ/mol

H = 102.1 kJ

As the liquid cools from 87.9 °C to  -30.9 °C

H = 221.6 g * 2.4 J/g·°C * ( -30.9 °C - 87.9 °C)

H = -63.2 kJ

As the liquid changes to solid;

H =  221.6 g/75 g/mol * 6.3 kJ/mol

H = 2.95 mol * 6.3 kJ/mol

H = 18.6 kJ

As the solid cools further to  -61.9°C

H = 221.6 g * 4.9 J/g·°C * (-61.9°C - (-30.9 °C))

H = -33.7 kJ

Total heat involved;

10.969 kJ + 102.1 kJ - 63.2 kJ + 18.6 kJ - 33.7 kJ

= 34.8 kJ

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93.75 % of the Tc sample is remaining after 24 hours. The half life of the Tc is thus, 266 hours or 11 days.

Half life of a radioactive material is the time taken to decay its half amount. The decay constant k is related to the half life by the expression:

k = 0.693/ t1/2.

Radioactive decay is a first order reaction. Let N0 be the initial amount and Nt be the final amount and t be the time for decay, then,

k = 1/t ln (N0/Nt)

Given Nt = 93.75 %

N0 = 100%.

t = 24 hr.

K = ln (93.75 / 24 hr)/ 24 hr.

   = 0.0026 hr⁻¹.

Now the half life t1/2 = 0.693 / 0.0026 hr⁻¹

                                  = 266 hr = 11 days.

Therefore, the half life of the technetium sample is 11 days.

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It takes 410.228 g of ethanol to dissolve in water to get 1.30l of vodka.

Soluble refers to things that dissolve in water. Examples of soluble materials are salt and sugar. The term "insoluble" refers to substances that do not dissolve in water. Examples of insoluble substances are wheat and sand.

An organic substance is ethanol. It is an alcohol with the molecular structure C2H6O. You may alternatively write its formula as C2H5OH or CH3CH2OH. A volatile, flammable, colorless liquid known as ethanol has a distinctive flavor and smell that is similar to wine.

When making 1.30 liters of vodha, how many grams of ethanol should be dissolved in water.

Formula of ethanol is C2H5OH.

2(C) = 2(12) = 24

5(H) = 5(1) = 5

1(O) =1(16) = 16

1(H) =1(1)= 1

adding them all to get molar mass

The molar mass of ethanol is 46g/mol

The concentration is expressed in molarity or moles solute per liters solution.

The molar mass of ethanol is 46 g/mol.

To obtain a 1.3 L of vodka,

the following stoichiometric calculation is done:

6.86 mol/L * 1.3 L * (46g/mol) = 410.228 g of ethanol is needed

410.228 g of ethanol is needed to be dissolved in water.

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Chlorine has the highest first ionization energy.

The ionization power is a degree of the capability of detail to enter into chemical reactions requiring ion formation or donation of electrons. it is also typically associated with the character of the chemical bonding inside the compounds fashioned by using the factors. See additionally binding power; electron affinity.

In physics and chemistry, ionization electricity, ionization power is the minimum strength required to remove the most loosely certain electron of an isolated gaseous atom, wonderful ion, or molecule.

On the periodic desk, first ionization strength commonly will increase as you circulate left to right throughout a length. that is because of increasing nuclear charge, which results in the outermost electron being greater strongly certain to the nucleus.

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The molar concentrations of the two acids is Hcl = 0.4 M, NaOH = 0.3 M.

What is Molarity?

The ratio of the solute molecular weight to the length of the solution is known as molarity. By dividing the number of moles of HCl by the volume (L) of the solution in which it was dissolved, we may determine the molarity of the acid solution.

What is moles?

Chemists utilise a mole, a very significant unit of measurement. Similar to how having a dozen eggs indicates you have twelve eggs, having a mole of anything means you have 602,214,076,000,000,000,000,000 of that thing. When measuring extremely small objects like atoms, molecules, or other particles, chemists must use moles.

Let a be moles of Hcl

Let b be moles of H₂SO₄

and we are given total moles of acid to be 0.07

SO a+b= 0.07 ⇒ 1

acid to titration, if

NaOH reacts with Hcl = a moles of NaOH is required

If NaOH reacts with H₂SO₄ = 2b moles of NaOH are required

so and we are given

NaOH = 50 ml and 2 Hsol

no.of moles

nNaOH = 10/100 = 0.1 moles

so a+2b = 0.1 moles ⇒2

solving 1 and 2

b= 0.03 moles

b= 0.03

a= 0.04

molar acids of two concentrations are given

n Hcl = 0.04 moles

n NaOH = 0.03 moles

molar concentration of Hcl = 0.04* 100/100*100 = 0.4

Molarity of Hcl = 0.4 M

Molar concentration of NaOH = 0.03*100/100*100 = 0.3

Molarity of NaOH = 0.3 M

Therefore,  the molar concentrations of the two acids is Hcl = 0.4 M, NaOH = 0.3 M.

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Inherited traits are defined as a trait  or a variant which is encoded by  DNA and passed from one generation to another.

DNA  is a hereditary material  which is present in human beings as well as all other living organisms.  Every cell which is present in an organism's body has DNA  which is the same. Most of the DNA is situated in the cell's nucleus and small amount of it can be found in the cell's mitochondria as well.

Information which is stored in DNA is stored as codes made up of four chemical bases namely, adenine, thymine , cytosine and guanine.Human DNA consists of 3 billion bases .The order of the bases determines information which is required for building and maintaining an organism.

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Lipids are more of a fatty, oily, and waxy substance that serve as long-term energy for whenever the body may need it. You can find lipids in oily foods such as salad dressing, olives, avocados, peanut butter, nuts, seeds, and some fish.

Proteins are enzymes that are used to strengthen and keep the body functioning. Proteins make up our bones, hair, skin, nails, and muscle, and without them our bodies wouldn't be strong enough to function or carry out even the simplest of tasks. Proteins are found in more animal-based foods such as meat, vegetables, grains, and seeds.

Carbohydrates are more of the sugary molecules that provide short-term or immediate energy for the body. They can be found in foods like bread, beans, milk, popcorn, potatoes, cookies, spaghetti, and soft drinks.

95 marks in 100 means you scored 95 % in homework.  Similarly 83% in labs and 77% in exams. Thus the weighted average will be 85 %.

Average of a set of values is their sum divided by their number. The average of a set with even number of values, will be their sum divided by number where the average comes in a range of the set of values.

Average of odd number of values will be the exact middle value of the set.

Given that marks in homework out of 100 = 95

labs = 83

exams = 77.

Thus, average of your marks percentage = (77 + 83 + 95)/3

                                                                     = 85%.

Therefore, the average percentage of the marks is 85%.

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The interactions between the solvent and the solute are either equal to or greater than the interactions between the solvent and the solute.

A solute can dissolve in a solvent to create a solution whether it is in a solid, liquid, or gaseous phase. A solute's solubility is the highest concentration that can dissolve in a solvent at a specific temperature.

Solvation is the scientific term for the interactions between solute particle and solvent molecule. Ions or molecules that are solvated are encircled by solvent. Photo from Wikimedia Commons of a sodium ion dissolved in water.

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The heat of combustion for TNT( 3406 kJ/mole) is smaller than that of sugar (5639 kJ/mole) because TNT is an explosive material.

As sugar is a non electrolyte, it is comparatively more stable. That is why, more energy is required to decompose the sugar. Therefore, heat of combustion value is 5639kJ/mol which is high.

The heat of combustion of TNT is about 3406 kJ/mol and this value is a good indicator of the energy available from the detonation of TNT.

TNT is sometimes used as a reagent in chemical synthesis, but is best known as an explosive material with convenient handling properties.

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Drip irrigation is the ideal irrigation system for use with vegetable gardens, flowers, trees, and other watering needs. A drip irrigation system for gardens helps you save time, money, and water.

In those pots lacking drainage holes, a layer of stones is used as a form of drainage layer. By using this method, surplus water might go from the soil and, consequently, the roots of your plant, into the area with the pebbles.

A drip system that has been set up correctly will operate automatically at a certain time of day for a specific duration.

Therefore, a) use the water to wash the car. b) Often used for transpiration to create a suction force, creating a transpiration pull. c) Ayan values water, conserving it and giving the most efficient and optimum function.

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A silver precipitate is created when silver nitrate, AgNO3, and magnesium bromide, MgBr2, are combined in aqueous solutions.Create the net ionic equation as well as the balanced formula equation for this reaction.

The end products of the reaction between aqueous systems of magnesium chloride (MgCl2) and silver nitrate (AgNO3) are solid silver chloride and aqueous magnesium nitrate.

The right response is (CH3)3C-Cl.The most reliable 3° carbocation is formed by tert-butyl chloride, or (CH3)3C - Cl.As a result, it will immediately produce the white precipitate of AgCl in AgNO3 solution.

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The specific heat of the gas is 0.453 J/gº.

What is Specific Heat?

The following method can be used to calculate specific heat values: Heat always transfers from the warmer to the cooler material until both materials reach the same temperature when two materials, each at an initial different temperature, are placed in contact with one another. The heat obtained by the initially colder substance must equal the heat lost by the initially warmer material, according to the law of conservation of energy.

We are aware that when a substance absorbs heat energy, its temperature rises. It is noted that the temperature rise for each substance varies when the same amount of heat is applied to equal masses of various substances.

When we solve for q, we have... q = ∆E - w ∆E = +6905 J w = -346 J (negative value since work was done BY the system, and not on it) (negative value because work was done BY the system, and not on it) q = 6905 - (-346) = 7251 J.

This can now be used to q = mCT.

q = mC∆T

q = 7251 J

80 g of mass is m.

Does C equal specific heat?

T = temperature change equals 225° - 25° = 200°

C=q/(m)T=7251 J/(80.0 g)(200o)

C = 0.453 J/gº

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Answer:

Explanation:

14. radiation

15. thermal conductivity

16. conduction

17. convection

Consequently, v=hE=6. 61010 is the frequency of the light emitted.

The Rydberg Formula The Rydberg's Formula, 1=RZ2(1n2i1n2f), determines the wavelength of a photon absorbed by an electron transition. 1 = R Z 2 (1 n I 2 1 n f 2), where is the photon's wavelength, ni is the energy level's starting principal quantum number, and nf is the last principal quantum.

fλ = c

The equation f = c, where c is the speed of light, connects frequency (f) with wavelength (). Since the speed of light is constant, this equation must be maintained whether the frequency is increased or decreased because the wavelength must decrease.

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According to the law of conservation of mass and stoichiometry, number of moles of KCl produced along with 0.45 moles of oxygen is 2 moles of KCl.

According to law of conservation of mass, it is evident that mass is neither created nor destroyed rather it is restored at the end of a chemical reaction .

Law of conservation of mass and energy are related as mass and energy are directly proportional which is indicated by the equation E=mc².Concept of conservation of mass is widely used in field of chemistry, fluid dynamics.

As according to the equation, 245.1 g of potassium chlorate produces 149.1 g of KCl and 48 g of oxygen

∴245.1 g of potassium chlorate produces 244.65 g of KCl  along with 7.2 g of oxygen .

In terms of moles, 2 moles of potassium chlorate produces 2 moles of KCl as number of moles=mass/molar mass that is, 149.1/74.55=2

Thus, the number of moles of KCl produced is 2 moles.

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The amount of the sodium-25 that will remain after half an hour, given that it has a half life of 1.0 minutes is 5.0×10⁻³¹ Kg

To obtain the amount that will remain after half hour, we'll begin by obtaining the number of half lives that has passed. Details below:  

n = t / t½

n = 30 / 1

n = 30

Now, we shall determine the amount that will remain after half hour. This is shown below:

N = N₀ / 2ⁿ

N = 1 / 2³⁰

N = 5.0×10⁻³¹ Kg

Thus, from the above calculation, we can conclude that the amount that would remain is 5.0×10⁻³¹ Kg

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Answer:

Part A: One survival advantage for red squirrels to breed earlier in the spring is that they may be able to take advantage of an earlier availability of food resources. As the climate warms and average temperatures increase, plants may begin to grow and produce food earlier in the year. By breeding earlier in the spring, red squirrels may be able to access these food resources before they become scarce, which could improve the survival and reproductive success of their offspring.

Part B: The mechanism by which the gene for breeding earlier in the spring can increase in the red squirrel population over time is natural selection. Natural selection is the process by which certain traits become more or less common in a population based on their impact on an individual's ability to survive and reproduce. If red squirrels that breed earlier in the spring are more successful at surviving and reproducing than those that breed later, then the genes for early breeding will become more common in the population over time. This process can occur over many generations, leading to a shift in the distribution of the time of year breeding genes in the population.

The volume of a bar of soap that has a density of 2.5 g/cm3 and a mass of 100 g is 40 cm ³. Therefore, option D is correct.

The mass of a substance per unit of volume is its density. A mechanically accepted measure is density. Density is most frequently represented by the symbol, however the Latin letter D may also be used.

The mass of a solid substance's unit volume. d = M/V, where d is density, M is mass, and V is volume, is the formula for density. Grams per cubic centimeter are a typical unit of measurement for density.

Density = m / V

volume = mass / density

= 100 / 2.5

= 40 cm³

Thus, option D is correct.

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The conditions for alkene as a major product is attaching EWG with a aromatic compounds.

In the event that hydrogen is added to the tertiary carbon of an alkene, secondary carbocation is also a scenario that may arise; however, tertiary cation is more stable than secondary. Alkene is the end product following the release of H. A significant product is more substituted alkene.

We frequently overlook the ion concentration in water for the same reason that we frequently ignore the electron mass (we just add the protons and neutrons) due to their tiny size. The -log(conc) cannot be taken in this case.

The substituted alkane must have a low leaving group for E1cB to take place. The E1cB reaction is favored by strong EWG at the carbon and a weak leaving group. One of its beta carbons must also have a hydrogen on it. Fluorine, a poor leaving group, is present in reactant.

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The equilibrium constant for the reaction at 25 °C is 1.3602 . The  reaction at body temperature (37.0 °C) if the concentration of A is 1.6 M and the concentration of B is 0.50 M is - 87.287 kJ / mole.

Equilibrium constant is defined as a number that illustrates the relationship between the quantities of reactants and products in an equilibrium chemical reaction at a specific temperature.

ΔG° = - 9.660 kJ / mole = 9.660 x 10 ³ J / mole

T = 25 + 273.15 = 298.15 K

ΔG° = - RT ln K

ln K = -ΔG° / RT

ln K = - ( - 9.660 x 10 ³ J / mole ) / 8.314 J / k . mole X 298.15 K

ln K = 3.8970

K = 1.3602

T = 37 + 298.15 = 310.15 K

ΔG = ΔG° + RT ln Q

Where Q = 0.55 / 1.6 = 0.34375

ΔG = -9.660 X 10³ + [ 8.314 x 310.15 x ln ( 0.34375 )]

ΔG = - 87287.34 J / mole

ΔG = - 87.287 kJ / mole

Thus, the equilibrium constant for the reaction at 25 °C is 1.3602 . The  reaction at body temperature (37.0 °C) if the concentration of A is 1.6 M and the concentration of B is 0.50 M is - 87.287 kJ / mole.

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Molar mass of teflon polymer is 1,20,00,000. if on an average a teflon polymer has 100,000 monomer units and each monomer of teflon has the formula c2f4 =120.0g/mol.

no of monomer in teflon polymer is  100,000 monomer units ,

and  the formula of teflon is c2f4,

now the molar mass of monomer c2f4 is 100.02 g/mol then,

for  100,000 monomer units = 120.0*100,000 = 1,20,00,000 g/mol

Molar mass of teflon polymer is 1,20,00,000 g/mol.

The two that have received the attention are PFOA (also known as C8), which has been used for many years to manufacture Teflon non-stick, and PFOS, which is used to make Scotchgard water repellent. They don't degrade. PFAS are persistent and build up over time in both people and animals as well as in the environment.

The joining of hundreds of ethylene molecules to produce polyethylene is an illustration of the first type of reaction. Other addition polymers include polypropylene, which is created by polymerizing H2C=CHCH3, polystyrene, which is created from H2C=CH C6H5, and polyvinyl chloride, which is created from H2C=CHCl.

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Answer: The higher the amplitude, the higher the energy.

Explanation: The higher the amplitude, the higher the energy. To summarise, waves carry energy. The amount of energy they carry is related to their frequency and their amplitude. The higher the frequency, the more energy, and the higher the amplitude, the more energy.

A student dissolves 2.45 g of sugar in 200.0 g water. the mass percent of sugar in the solution is 1.22 %.

given that :

the mass of the solute =  2.45 g

the mass of the solution = 200 g

The mass percent formula is given as follows :

The mass % = ( mass of solute / mass of the solution ) × 100 %

The mass %  = ( 2.45 / 200 ) × 100 %

The mass % = 1.22 %.

Thus the mass percent of the 2.45 g of sugar dissolves in 200 g of the water is 1.22 %.

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Red color element symbols indicate elements that are gases at a specific temperature in periodic scavenger hunts.

An element is a basic substance that is hard to break down into smaller pieces. In chemistry and physics, an element is anything that cannot be further separated by non-nuclear processes. In computers and mathematics, an element is a discrete part of a larger structure or collection.

Any compound that cannot be broken down into simpler chemicals by regular chemical processes is referred to as a chemical element or element. The building blocks from which every matter is made are called elements.

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