Explanation:
Every regulated organization understands the need to implement a quality system. In fact, it’s a “shall” clause for all life sciences companies to ensure they are in compliance with industry regulations. The focus of any effective quality system is, and rightly so, all about ensuring patient safety. From there, as the organization matures, its people, processes and technology evolve from a compliance, to a correction, to a prevention mindset, eventually resulting in increased quality brand recognition and shareholder value.
In the real world, companies need to engage quality system processes, such corrective and preventive action (CAPA), as the lifeline to feed improvements through the change management processes into the product lifecycle, from design inputs to manufacturer and supplier outputs.
Defining the cost of quality
As we look at process and product improvements, quantifying the “quality” costs to the organization is defined as the Cost of Quality (COQ). Why quantify the quality data? The COQ categorizes these costs so the organization can see how moving from a quality assurance (control and correction) focus to a focus on prevention helps to reduce the cost of nonconformances.
The American Society of Quality (ASQ) uses the following formula to calculate the COQ:
Cost of Quality (COQ) = Cost or Poor Quality (COPQ) + Cost of Good Quality (COGQ)
The COPQ contains all the costs of nonconformances that are both internal and external to the organization; whereas, the COGQ contains the cost of quality conformance, including any costs associated with both appraisal and prevention.
Some examples would be:
COPQ – Internal Costs (defects occurring and managed within the organization)
Scrap, Rework, Re-inspection
COPQ – External Costs (defects that reach the consumer)
Adverse Event Reporting, Warranty, Corrections and Removals, Product Liability, loss of brand reputation
COGQ – Appraisal Costs (controls put in place by the organization)
Inspection (purchased, manufactured), Testing (acceptance, field), Quality Audits, Calibration
COGQ – Prevention Costs (activities to eliminate defects from ever occurring)
SPC (statistical process control), Quality Planning, Quality Training, investment in quality-related information systems
What is the cost to your organization?
In the life sciences industry, analysts have stated that less than 50 percent of companies really know what the COQ is for their organization. However, ASQ, Crosby, and FDA Case for Quality show that the COQ for an organization can range from 3 – 25% of a company’s revenue. The good news is that there are known strategies that can be put in place to drive down the COQ which will have a direct positive impact on the profitability of your organization, and it’s all within your control.
Strategies for cost improvements
Every company is at a different point in the evolution of its people, processes and technology implementations, and even its understanding of its key metrics/performance indicators or COQ. Management could consider leveraging the following strategies to reduce their company’s COPQ and positively impact its quality and profitability performance.
Improve supplier relationships for both product and process improvements
Collaborate during design process, engage suppliers in the corrective action process (from incoming, manufacturing or customer-reported problems), develop supplier scorecards, audit suppliers based on their product/process risk levels
Describe how the IRR is calculated, and describe the information this measure provides about a sequence of cash fl ows. What is the IRR criterion decision rule?
Answer:
The Internal Rate of Return is the discount rate that discounts a series of cashflows such that the Net Present Value becomes zero.
It is calculated in the same way the NPV is calculated which is to subtract the discounted cash outflows from the discounted cash inflows but this time it will be the subject of the equation which will be equated to zero.
Formula therefore is;
[tex]\frac{Cf_{1} }{(1 + IRR_{1} )} + \frac{Cf_{2}}{(1 + IRR_{2} )^{2} } + \frac{Cf_{n} }{(1 + IRR_{n} )^{n} } - Cf_{0} = 0[/tex]
Excel worksheets, financial calculators and solving the equation can all be used to find IRR.
The higher the IRR, the better for a project because it means that the project has high cash inflows that would take a higher rate to discount to zero.
The decision rule is the pick a project that has a higher IRR than the firm's Required rate of return because it means that the NPV will be more than zero.
Using the following year-end information for Bauman, LLC, calculate the current ratio and acid-test ratio:_______. Cash $70,200 Short-term investments 12,800 Accounts receivable 49,500 Inventory 242,000 Prepaid expenses 18,000 Accounts payable 100,500 Other current payables 28,000a. 3.05 and 1.03. b. 2.91 and .97. c. 1.17 and 3.91. d. .97 and 3.05.
Answer:
a. 3.05 and 1.03
Explanation:
The formula for current ratio is
= Current assets/Current liabilities
= (Cash + Short term investment + Accounts receivable + Inventory + Prepaid expenses) / (Accounts payable + Other current payables)
= (70,200 + 12,800 + 49,500 + 242,000 + 18,000) / (100,500 + 28,000)
= 392,500 / 128,500
= 3.05
The formula for Acid test ratio is
= Quick Assets / Current liabilities
= (Cash + Short term investment + Accounts receivable) / (Accounts payable + Other current payables)
= (70,200 + 12,800 + 49,500) / (100,500 + 28,000)
= 132,500 / 128,500
= 1.03
Sean and Jenny are married, file a joint return and have two dependent children, Blake, age 9 and Jake, age 5. Sean has earned income of $72,000. Jenny was a full-time student (for nine months) with no income. They paid a qualified day care center $7,000. What amount of child and dependent care credit can Sean and Jenny receive?
a. $600.
b. $900.
c. $1,000.
d. $1,200.
Answer:
$900
Explanation:
Calculation for What amount of child and dependent care credit can both Sean and Jenny receive
Child and dependent care credit=($500 * 9 months *20 %
Child and dependent care credit=$900
Note that $500 is the standard amount while the 20% is the tax credit
Therefore the amount of child and dependent care credit can both Sean and Jenny receive will be $900
When an increase in government purchases causes firms to purchase additional plant and equipment, we have seen a demonstration of a. the multiplier effect. b. the investment accelerator. c. the crowding-out effect. d. supply-side economics. e. none of the above.
Answer:
b. the investment accelerator
Explanation:
An investment accelerator can be defined as a positive effect that an increase in income or demand has on investment expenditures. Thus, an increase in the level of gross domestic product will cause a significant increase in the level of an investment.
Hence, when an increase in government purchases causes firms to purchase additional plant and equipment, we have seen a demonstration of the investment accelerator.
If the family will not budget their family resources or their efficiently what will happen?
Answer:
They will go broke
Explanation:
because if they spend over budget thats not enough money so they will be broke
One year ago, you purchased 162 shares of Best Wings stock at a price of $39.44 per share. The company pays an annual dividend of $0.79 per share. Today, you sold for the shares for $38.03 a share. What is your total percentage return on this investment?
Answer:
the total percentage return on this investment is -1.57%
Explanation:
The computation of the total percentage return on this investment is shown below:
The total return Per Share is
= [(Price at End - Price at Beginning) + Dividend ]
= [($38.03 - $39.44) + $0.79]
= -0.62
Now the total percentage return on this investment is
= Total return per share ÷ initial investment × 100
= -$0.62 / $39.44 × 100
=-1.57%
Hence, the total percentage return on this investment is -1.57%
which fiscal policy would most likely result in the largest budget deficit
Answer:
If the question asks for the largest SURPLUS the answer will be
High Taxation and Low Spending
Explanation:
There are two different questions make sure you read it correctly!!!!
The fiscal policy that would most likely result in the largest budget deficit is expansionary fiscal policy.
What is fiscal policy?Fiscal policy refers to the use of the government budget to affect the economy. This includes government spending and levied taxes. The policy is said to be expansionary when the government spends more on budget items such as infrastructure or when taxes are lowered.
Such policies are typically used to boost productivity and the economy. Conversely, the policy is contractionary when government spending decreases or taxes rise. Contractionary policies might be used to combat rising inflation. Generally, expansionary policy leads to higher budget deficits, and contractionary policy reduces deficits. Expansionary Policy is when governments can spend beyond their tax-based budgetary constraints by borrowing money from the private sector. The U.S. government issues Treasury Bonds to raise funds, for example.
To meet its future obligations as a debtor, the government must eventually increase tax receipts, cut spending, borrow additional funds or print more dollars.
Learn more about fiscal policy, here:
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Green and yellow are adjacent on the color wheel; what does this mean?
They are complementary.
They are analogous.
O They are contrasting.
O They are contradictory.
Answer:
analogous
Explanation:
both green and yellow are a part of analogous
Explain the usefulness of the theory of constraints in the determination of the most profitable product mix for this furniture manufacturer.
Answer: More workers would need to be employed to improve productivity time
Explanation:
The theory of constraint looks at identifying vital factors that limit or stands as an obstruction in achieving a goal and soughting out ways of improving the situation till there is no limiting factor. This theory means that for the furniture manufacturer, for him to have more productivity, he would need to get more hands on deck, to quicken operations, reduce production time and improve productivity.
should i be the manager of burger king or subway?
Answer:
you should be the manager of subway, theres way more options and you can eat fresh ;)
Consider a capacity constrained process producing a high profit margin product. What will the impacts on revenue and profits be if processing time for the bottleneck resource is reduced by 10% while everything else remains the same?
A) No impact on revenue or profits
B) Higher revenue and profits
C) Lower revenue and profits
D) Higher profits with no change in revenue
Answer:
The answer is "Option B"
Explanation:
In this question, Higher incomes and profits are correct because it minimizes the congestion operating frequency by 10%. It takes a long time and decreasing the processing, which would have had an impact on revenue and profit directly. Performance would grow, generating additional sales, that's why choice b is correct.
This firm is currently operating at 84 percent of capacity. All costs and net working capital vary directly with sales. The tax rate, the profit margin, and the dividend payout ratio will remain constant. How much additional debt is required if no new equity is raised and sales are projected to increase by 12 percent?
Answer:
Most of the numbers are missing, so I looked for a similar question:
The Steel Mill is currently operating at 84 percent of capacity. Annual sales are $28,400 and net income is $2,250. The firm has current liabilities of $2,700, long-term debt of $9,800, net fixed assets of $16,900, net working capital of $5,000, and owners' equity of $12,100. All costs and net working capital vary directly with sales. The tax rate and profit margin will remain constant. The dividend payout ratio is constant at 40 percent. How much additional debt is required if no new equity is raised and sales are projected to increase by 12 percent?
if the firm is operating at full capacity, then it will need to raise new debt:
EFN = (A/S) x (Δ Sales) - (L/S) x (Δ Sales) - (PM x FS x (1-d))
A/S = $24,600 / $28,400 = 0.866
ΔSales = $28,400 x 12% = $3,408
L/S = $2,700 / $28,400 = 0.095
PM = $2,250 / $28,400 = 0.079
FS = $28,400 x 1.12 = $31,808
(1 - d) = 1 - 40% = 0.6
EFN = (0.866 x $3,408) - (0.095 x $3,408) - (0.079 x $31,808 x 0.6) = $2,951.33 - $323.76 - $1,507.70 = $1,119.87
but if the firm is operating only at 84% (16% spare capacity), then it will not need to raise new debt:
EFN = (A/S) x (Δ Sales) - (L/S) x (Δ Sales) - (PM x FS x (1-d))
A/S = $7,700 / $28,400 = 0.271
since there is 16% of spare capacity, no new fixed assets will be required
ΔSales = $28,400 x 12% = $3,408
L/S = $2,700 / $28,400 = 0.095
PM = $2,250 / $28,400 = 0.079
FS = $28,400 x 1.12 = $31,808
(1 - d) = 1 - 40% = 0.6
EFN = (0.271 x $3,408) - (0.095 x $3,408) - (0.079 x $31,808 x 0.6) = $923.57 - $323.76 - $1,507.70 = -$907.89
Christine and Doug are married. In 2014, Christine earns a salary of $250,000 and Doug earns a salary of $50,000. They have no other income and work for the same employers for all of 2014. How much Medicare surtax for high-income taxpayers will Christine and Doug have to pay with their 2014 income tax return?
A. $450 B. $900 C. $2,700 D. None
Answer:
A. $450
Explanation:
In 2014, the Medicare surtax for high-income taxpayers started when married couples filing jointly earned over $250,000. in this case, Christine and Doug made $300,000, so the surtax = ($300,000 - $250,000) x 0.9% = $450
The Medicare surtax income threshold has not been adjusted to inflation and remains at the same level for 2020.
Total medicare contributions for high income taxpayers = 1.45% + 0.9% = 2.35%
Issued common stock to owners in exchange for $26,000 cash. Purchased $6,500 of equipment, paying $1,950 cash and signing a promissory note for $4,550. Received $11,700 in cash for consulting services performed in January. Purchased $1,950 of supplies on account; all of the supplies were used in January. Provided consulting services on account in the amount of $20,800. Paid $975 on account. Paid $3,900 to employees for work performed during January. Received a bill for utilities for January of $4,400; the bill remains unpaid. What is the amount of total revenue to be reported on the income statement for the month of January
Answer:
Explanation:
2333
If the sales volume decreases by 25%, the variable cost per unit increases by 15%, and all other factors remain the same, net operating income will: (Do not round intermediate calculations.)
decrease by $3,125.
increase by $20,625.
decrease by $15,000.
decrease by $31,875.
Sales 3,000 Units
Sales Price $70
Variable Cost $50
Fixed Cost $25,000
Answer: decrease by $31,875
Explanation:
Net Operating income;
= Sales - variable cost - fixed cost
= (70 * 3,000) - ( 50 * 3,000) - 25,000
= $35,000
Sales volume decreases by 25%;
= 3,000 * ( 1 - 25%)
= 2,250 units
Variable cost per unit increases by 15%;
= 50 * ( 1 + 15%)
= $57.50
New Net Operating income;
= (70 * 2,250) - (57.50 * 2,250) - 25,000
= $3,125
Net Operating income change;
= 3,125 - 35,000
= -$31,875
Decrease by $31,875
A report that lists accounts and their balances, in which the total debit balances should equal the total credit balances, is called a(n):____________. a. Account balance. b. Trial balance. c. Ledger. d. Chart of accounts. e. General Journal.
Answer:
b. Trial balance.
Explanation:
In the trial balance the total of debit amount and the total of credit amount would be equivalent to each other. Here the debit involves assets, expenses, dividend while on the other hand the credit involves stockholder equity, liabilities, revenues
hence, the correct option is b.
And, the rest of the options are wrong
(TCO B) WordPerfect Corporation noticed that the more of its word processing software packages it sold, the more customers complained or suggested improvements. In such a situation, WordPerfect Corporation has the opportunity to:_________.
a. steadily improve its word processor software.
b. be acquired by a larger company that can take over the development of the product.
c. develop a completely new program.
d. discontinue production.
Answer:
a. steadily improve its word processor software.
Explanation:
Remember, although we are told WordPerfect Corporation customers complained they also suggested improvements. Meaning, the product isn't entirely bad but needs some improvements.
Instead of developing a completely new program or discontinue production, It makes logical sense for them to improve the word processor software to fit the needs of the customers.
imagine a trader buys a put option on a stock with a strike price of 500 and pays a premium of 25. what is the traders break-even point g
Answer: $475
Explanation:
Break even point is simply a point whereby the total revenue and the total cost are equal.
Based on the scenario given in the question, the traders break-even point will be 500 - 25 = 475
The answer is $475
Please Help me, with this question for one of my class discussions.
Think of a product and describe the stages of production the product goes through.
Answer:
Well, it depends on the product. But, I'd say, first, an idea for the product. Creating/designing and refining the product is next. Then, when finally satisfied, begin mass production
Explanation:
John Smith, a U.S. based businessman, paid the equivalent of $20 to an official of the country of Murundi to expedite the overnight delivery of critical documents. When questioned, John Smith claimed this was not a bribe. The $20 is an example of_______
a. a bribe.
b. an under-the-table payment.
c. a violation of the Foreign corrupt practices act.
d. a grease payment.
e. an inappropriate payment.
Production possibilities frontiers usually curve out and away from the origin. The implication of this curvature is that:_________
a. the opportunity cost of producing a good stays the same regardless of how much of that good is produced.
b. the opportunity cost of producing a good goes down as more of that good is produced.
c. some resources are better at producing one good while other resources are better at producing alternative goods.
d. technological change is present.
e. as resources are used to produce one good, fewer resources are available to produce another good.
Answer:
The right response is Option C (Some resources..............goods).
Explanation:
It should be remembered whether PPF seems to be concave to something like the root, representing growing opportunity costs, in other words whenever one starts going down upon this PPF, the inventory cost between one item which requires to be substituted improves throughout addition maximize enhance the production of both of these commodities. The program is given when continuous and along output prospect boundary.Some other options offered are not relevant to the case described. So the solution here was the right one.
List what you are thankful for! (((It's Thanksgiving (here)! Answer if you bake! Or if you like cakes pies cookies and treats!!!! )
Answer:
Family
Explanation:
HEY PLS DON'T JOIN THE ZOOM CALL OF A PERSON WHO'S ID IS 825 338 1513 (I'M NOT SAYING THE PASSWORD) HE IS A CHILD PREDATOR AND A PERV. HE HAS LOTS OF ACCOUNTS ON BRAINLY BUT HIS ZOOM NAME IS MYSTERIOUS MEN.. HE ASKS FOR GIRLS TO SHOW THEIR BODIES AND -------- PLEASE REPORT HIM IF YOU SEE A QUESTION LIKE THAT. WE NEED TO TAKE HIM DOWN!!! PLS COPY AND PASTE THIS TO OTHER COMMENT SECTIONS!!
Assume the bondâs quoted ("clean") price is $1,044.56, the bond has the coupon rate of 8.1% and that the coupons are paid semiannually. Further assume that the bond has the face value of $1,000. What is the bondâs invoice ("dirty") price if the last coupon payment took place four months ago?
Answer:
$1,071.56
Explanation:
Calculation for the
Clean price is the bond's invoice ("dirty") price
Using this formula
Dirty price= Clean price + ( Face value × Coupon rate × No. of months ÷ Total number of months in a year)
Let plug in the formula
Dirty price=$1,044.56 +($1,000 × 8.1% × 4 ÷ 12)
Dirty price= $1,044.56 + $27
Dirty price= $1,071.56
Therefore the bond's invoice ("dirty") price will be $1,071.56
Manuel and Poornima White live in Swarthmore, PA. Poornima's father, Shen, lives in Sweden. For each of the following transactions, identify whether it is included in the calculation of U.S. GDP as part of consumption (C), investment spending (I), government purchases (G), exports (X), or imports (IM).
a. A product’s inclusion in one category does not necessarily imply that it is excluded from other categories.
b. The Federal Aviation Administration expands the runways at Philadelphia International Airport, which is just a few miles from Manuel and Poornima's house.
c. Poornima buys a new BMW, which was assembled in Germany.
d. Shen in Sweden orders a bottle of Vermont maple syrup from the producer's website.
e. Manuel's employer upgrades all of its computer systems using U.S.-made parts.
f. Poornima gets a new video camera that was made in the United States.
Answer:
a. The Federal Aviation Administration expands the runways at Philadelphia International Airport, which is just a few miles from Manuel and Poornima's house.
Identification: Government spending. This is the spending done by government in buying goods and services
b. Poornima buys a new BMW, which was assembled in Germany.
Identification: Imports. These are purchases by domestic consumers from foreign countries
c. Shen in Sweden orders a bottle of Vermont maple syrup from the producer's website.
Identification: Exports. These are purchases by foreign consumers from home countries
d. Manuel's employer upgrades all of its computer systems using U.S.-made parts.
Identification: Investment. It is a part of GDP if made in accumulation of capital and inventory
e. Poornima gets a new video camera that was made in the United States.
Identification: Consumption. This includes consumer's spending on durables and non-durable produced domestically.
Match each balance sheet item to its correct category.
Categories: Assets, Liabilities, Equity
Balance sheet items: Cash, Rent, Loan, wages payable, retained earnings, computers, furniture, owners personal investment
Answer:
See below
Explanation:
Assets, Liabilities, and Equity form the basis for preparing the balance sheet. They make the accounting equation of Assets= Liabilities + Equity.
Assets are the valuables a business owns. They can be in the form of cash, money in the banks, financial instruments, properties, machines, or motor vehicles.
Assets will be
Cashcomputers,furnitureLiabilities are what the business owes to third parties and supplies. Liabilities are usually in the monetary form, such as loans, rent, and accounts payable.
Liabilities
Rent, Loanwages payable,Equity is the owner's contribution to the business. They include capital and retained earnings.
Equity
retained owners personal investment earnings,Applying ExcelData Unit sales 10,000 unitsSelling price per unit $70 per unitVariable expenses per unit $42 per unitFixed expenses $140,000Enter a formula into each of the questions below. If your formulas are correct, you should get the correct answers to the following questions. Show your work and formulas.(a) What is the break-even in dollar sales?Break-even in dollar _____(b) What is the margin of safety percentage?Margin of safety percentage _____(c) What is the degree of operating leverage? (Round your answer to 2 decimal places.)Degree of operating leverage _____3. Using the degree of operating leverage and without changing anything in your worksheet, calculate the percentage change in net operating income if unit sales increase by 20%Percentage increase in the operating income _____4. Confirm your calculations in Requirement 3 above by increasing the unit sales in your worksheet by 20% so that the Data area looks like thisData Unit sales 12,000 unitsSelling price per unit $70 per unitVarable expenses per unit $42 per unitFixed expenses $140,000(a) What is the net operating income? (Negative amount should be indicated by a minus sign.)Net operating income (loss) _____(b) By what percentage did the net operating income increase?Percentage increase in net operating income _____%
Answer:
Please see solution below
Explanation:
a. Break even in dollar sales
= [ Fixed cost / Contribution margin ] × Selling price per unit
Fixed cost = $140,000
Selling price per unit = $70
Variable expenses per unit = $42
BEP in dollars = [$140,000 / $70 - $42] × $70
= $350,000
b. Margin of safety percentage
= [ Current sales level - Break even point / Current sales level ] × 100
Current sales level = 10,000 units
Break even point = Fixed cost / Contribution margin
= $140,000 / $70 - $42
= 5,000 units
Margin of safety = [10,000 - 5,0000/10,000 ] × 100
= 50%
C. Degree of operating leverage.
= Contribution margin / Net operating income
Contribution margin = $70 - $42 = $28
Net operating income
Sales ($70 × 10,000)
$700,000
Less Variable cost ($42 × 10,000)
$420,000
Contribution margin
$280,000
Less Fixed cost
$140,000
Net operating income
$140,000
Degree of operating leverage = $280,000 / $140,000
= 20%
D. Percentage in net income
Sales ($70 × 12,000)
$840,000
Less variable cost
$420,000
Contribution margin
$420,000
Less fixed cost
$140,000
Net operating income
$280,000
Percentage change in net income
= [$140,000 / $280,000] × 100
= 50%
These items are taken from the financial statements of Cullumber Company at December 31, 2022.
Buildings $88,872
Accounts receivable 10,584
Prepaid insurance 2,688
Cash 9,946
Equipment 69,216
Land 51,408
Insurance expense 655
Depreciation expense 4,452
Interest expense 2,184
Common stock 50,400
Retained earnings (January 1, 2022) 33,600
Accumulated depreciation—buildings 38,304
Accounts payable
Answer:
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The Pierce Co. just issued a dividend of $2.35 per share on its common stock. The company is expected to maintain a constant 5 percent growth rate in its dividends indefinitely. If the stock sells for $44 a share, what is the company's cost of equity? (Do not round intermediate calculations and enter your answer as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.) Cost of equity__________ %
Answer:
r = 0.106079 or 10.6079% rounded off to 10.61%
Explanation:
Using the constant growth model of dividend discount model, we can calculate the price of the stock today. The DDM values a stock based on the present value of the expected future dividends from the stock. The formula for price today under this model is,
P0 = D0 * (1+g) / (r - g)
Where,
D0 is the dividend paid recently
D0 * (1+g) is dividend expected for the next period /year
g is the growth rate
r is the required rate of return or cost of equity
To calculate the cost of equity (r), we will plug in the values for P0, D0 and g in the formula,
44 = 2.35 * (1+0.05) / (r - 0.05)
44 * (r - 0.05) = 2.4675
44r - 2.2 = 2.4675
44r = 2.4675 + 2.2
r = 4.6675 / 44
r = 0.106079 or 10.6079% rounded off to 10.61%
The company's cost of equity is 10.61%.
The formula that can be used to determine the cost of equity is:
r = [tex]\frac{D_{1} }{P}[/tex] - g
Where:
[tex]D_{1}[/tex] = dividend next year = $2.35 x (1.05) = $2.47g = growth rate P = value of the stock = $44r = [tex]\frac{2.47}{44} + 0.05[/tex] = 10.61%
A similar question was answered here: https://brainly.com/question/13745120
If there is a net loss there will be a ___________ balance in the Income Summary account after all closing entries have been posted.
a. Debit
b. zero
c. Credit
d. not determinable
Explanation:
zero isthe right answer but i'm not 100%sure
Explain the importance of feedback in the communication process.(3marks)