The developing chamber needs to be prepared before adding the tlc plate in order to ensure that the plate is placed in the correct position and to prevent contamination.
What is TLC?
Non-volatile mixtures can be separated using the chromatography technique known as thin-layer chromatography (TLC). A sheet of an inert substrate, such as glass, plastic, as well as aluminium foil, is used for thin-layer chromatography. This substrate is coated with a thin layer of an adsorbent material, typically silica gel, aluminium oxide (alumina), as well as cellulose. The stationary phase refers to this adsorbent layer. A solvent as well as solvent mixture (referred to as the mobile phase) has been drawn up the plate by capillary action after the sample has been placed on the plate. Separation is accomplished because various analytes ascend this same TLC plate at various rates.
The developing chamber should be ready before the TLC plates are added, allowing the chamber time to become saturated with the developing solvent and producing quicker, more consistent results.
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Krypton atoms in the ground state tend not to bond with other atoms because their?.
Krypton atoms in the ground state tend not to bond with other atoms because they have a total of 8 electrons in their valence shell.
Krypton is a rare noble gas thus it does not react at ground state because its shell is complete. The atomic number of krypton is 36. It is three times heavier than air. It is not totally unreactive as it can form some compounds. krypton is colorless, odorless, and tasteless.
According to the octet rule, the last shell of krypton is completely filled so it will not form a bond with another atom.
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A total of eight valence electrons makes krypton atoms to not bnd with other atoms.
Moreover, An atom changes from its ground state to an excited state by taking in energy from its surroundings in a process called absorption. An electron absorbs energy and jumps to a higher energy level. In the opposite process, emission, the electron returns to its ground state by releasing the extra energy it absorbed.
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What is the frequency of a 4,600 cm wave?
The frequency of a 4,600 cm wave is 652 Hz
Frequency is the number of waves that pass a fixed point in unit time
Here given data is
Wave = 4,600 cm = 4.6 × 10⁸ nm
We have to calculated frequency = ?
Frequency =v = c/λ
Frequency = 3×10⁸m / 4.6 × 10⁸ nm
Frequency = 652 Hz
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Which section most clearly supports the generalization that everyone uses the amazing substance known as glass?.
Option B. section seven most clearly supports the generalization that everyone uses the amazing substance known as glass.
In section 7 It turned via these natural occasions that human beings observed the superb substance called glass. After its discovery, human beings began manufacturing glass and its use of it for plenty of sensible and creative functions. today, glass is a crucial part of our everyday lives.
Glass is a non-crystalline, frequently transparent, amorphous solid that has huge practical, technological, and ornamental use in, for instance, window panes, tableware, and optics. Glass is most often formed by means of rapid cooling of the molten shape; some glasses consisting of volcanic glass are obviously taking place.
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Disclaimer:- your question is incomplete, please see below for the complete question.
Which section most clearly supports the generalization that everyone uses the amazing substance known as glass?
A) section three
B) section four
C) section five
D) section seven
a solution containing agno 3 is mixed with a solution of nacl to form a solution that is 0.10 m in agno 3 and 0.075 m in nacl. what will happen once these solutions are mixed? ksp (agcl)
When a solution containing AGNO3 is mixed with a solution of NACl AgCl will precipitate because Q > Ksp. Silver chloride will precipitate out of solution, leaving an unsaturated solution of AgCl.
Explain molarity?
A chemical species' concentration in a solution, specifically the amount of a solute per unit volume of solution, is measured by its molar concentration. The moles per litre, is expressed by the unit symbol mol/L or mol/dm3 in SI units.Information provided according to:
As a result, AgNO3's molarity is 0.10 M.
Following that, NaCl's molarity is equal to 0.075 M.
Thus, Ksp AgCl is equal to 1.77 * 10^-10.
Then the variables in the equation are as follows:
AgNO3 + NaCl AgCl(s) + NaNO3 (aq)
Next, we have 0.10 moles of Ag+ for every 0.10 moles of AgNO3 (molarity is equal to 0.10 M).
Following that, we have 0.075 moles of Cl- (molarity is 0.075 M) for 0.075 moles of NaCl.
Now, we compute Q, which is:
So Q is = [Ag+][Cl-]
In the following, Q is equal to (0.10 M)(0.075 M) = 0.0075.
Currently, Ksp is 1.77 x 10-10.
Q >>> Ksp.
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Create an energy transformation for using a flashlight to see in the dark. EX: SOUND TO THERMAL
Answer:
chemical energy then electrical energy
Explanation:
chemical energy in the batteries is converted to electrical energy
a common polymorphism in the us population is a variant o n5,n10-methylene-fh4 reductase, which has a reduced activity as compared to the normal enzyme. a person expressing this variant enzyme would have difficulty producing which one of the following
The thymine nucleotide is required for DNA synthesis.
The only pyrimidine that requires folate for its synthesis is thymine. Folate is required for the incorporation of carbons 2 and 8 into all purine molecules. The synthesis of creatine phosphate and of phosphatidylcholine does not require folate. Folate deficiencies during pregnancy can lead to neural tube defects in the fetus.
Deoxyribonucleotide synthesis requires ribonucleotide reductase which uses thioredoxin and does not require a folate derivative. Genetic variability of drug-metabolizing enzymes and drug transporters has been related to interindividual variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Such differences might also result in variants in drug efficacy safety and remedy effects in some of the often prescribed drugs3.
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Benzene, a cancer-causing chemical, was recently detected in several batches of what product?.
Benzene , a cancer causing chemical was recently detected in several batches of dry shampoo products.
Cancer Causing materials are carcinogens and genetics. This can increase risk of developing cancer.Cancer is caused by changes of genes that changes the way of cell function.Some occur naturally when DNA is replicated during cell function.But some occur by the environmental exposure that damages DNA.
All substances that cause cancer are called carcinogens.According to the report of the national toxicology programme (NTP), benzene is a carcinogen,cancer causing chemical. High levels of benzene can cause cancer.High levels of benzene have been detected in several batches of dry shampoo products.Carcinogene which can cause cancer by acting with another chemical.
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if 250 ml of methane, ch4, effuses through a small hole in 28 s, the time required for the same volume of helium to pass through the hole under the same conditions will be
To find the volume, known grahams law of diffusion.
What is grahams law of diffusion?
The rate of diffusion or effusion of a gas is inversely related to its square root of molar mass, according to Graham's Law. The majority of the time, particles in a material that are in a low-concentration area will move to a high-concentration area. When we spray scented air freshener or perfume in one area of the room and then we can smell it throughout the entire space, this process is easily illustrated. The SI unit for the diffusion coefficient is square meters per second (m2/s).
What is Volume ?
The amount of cubic space a three-dimensional object takes up (measured in inches, quarts, or centimeters): square footage.
Therefore, the same volume of helium to pass through the hole under the same conditions will be same.
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Naturally occurring iron has four isotopes. A-53.9396 amu 5.82%, B-55.9349 amu 91.66%, C-56.9354 amu 2.19%, and D-57.9333 amu 0.33%. Calculate the atomic mass of iron from these data.
Considering the definition of isotopes and atomic mass of an element, the atomic mass of iron is 55.9012 amu.
Definition of isotopeAn isotope is a form of a chemical element in which the atoms have the same number of protons, but a different number of neutrons.
Definition of atomic massThe atomic mass of an element is the weighted average mass of its natural isotopes, considering the relative abundance of each of them.
Atomic mass of ironIn this case, you know iron has four isotopes:
A- An isotope with a mass of 53.9396 amu and an abundance of 5.82%.B- An isotope with a mass of 55.9349 amu and an abundance of 91.66%.C- An isotope with a mass of 56.9354 amu and an abundance of 2.19%.D- An isotope with a mass of 57.9333 amu and an abundance of 0.33%.Then, the atomic mass of iron can be calculated as:
atomic mass of iron= 53.9396 amu×0.0582 + 55.9349 amu×0.9166 + 56.9354 amu×0.0219 + 57.9333 amu×0.0033
atomic mass of iron= 55.9012 amu
Finally, the atomic mass in this case is 55.9012 amu.
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PLEASE HELP FAST 30 POINTS!!! YOU WILL SAVE MY LIFE TY TY TY!!!!!!
In the Lewis structure of acetic acid, there are 7 sigma bonds and 1 pi bond. Sigma bonds are the strongest covalent bond while pi bonds are covalent bonds where orbitals overlap laterally.
What are Lewis structures?Lewis structures are also called as electron dot structures and can be drawn if the molecular formula of a compound is known. It provides information regarding the nature of bond and the position of atoms .
They are also capable of exhibiting the lone pair if any present in a molecule or compound.Lewis defined a base to be an electron pair donor and an acid to be an electron pair acceptor.
They are capable of reflecting electronic structure of elements and even the pairing of electrons . In the diagram, each dot represents an electron while a pair of dots represent a bond between the atoms.
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7. The local police department just bought a Reflected Ultraviolet Imaging System (RUVIS) device. What is MOST likely the purpose of this purchase?
to test DNA from blood in their lab
to individualize hair samples
to determine if blood is human or animal
to find and process more fingerprints
The most likely purpose of the purchase of a Reflected Ultraviolet Imaging System (RUVIS) device by the local police department is: to find and process more fingerprints.
What is Digital forensics?Digital forensics can be defined as a type of technology which is designed and developed to gather, access, and monitor the activities of a particular user or users on a computer system, networks, and other devices over the Internet such as a Reflected Ultraviolet Imaging System (RUVIS).
Generally speaking Reflected Ultraviolet Imaging System (RUVIS) simply refers to an optical touchless instrument that is designed and developed to be used by crime scene search investigators and the police for the detection of latent fingerprints without making use of any of the following chemical substances:
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A solution was found to have a 15. 6 % transmittance at 500 nm, its wavelength of maximum absorption, using a cell with a path length of 5. 00 cm. Calculate the absorbance of the solution in a 1. 00 cm cell at 500 nm.
The correct answer is 0.16138
Solution:
Percentage transmission (%T) of the sample = 15.6
Therefore, Absorbance (A) 2 – log (%T) = 2 – log (15.6) = 0.8069
Use Beer’s law:
A = ε*c*l where ε = molar absorptivity of the solution, c = concentration of the solution, and l = path length of the solution.
Given A = 0.8069 and l = 5.00 cm, we must have
0.8069 = ε*c*(5.00 cm)
ε*c = 0.16138 cm-1
For the next part, assume that ε*c remains constant and we have
A’ = ε*c*l’ where l = 1.00 cm.
Plug in values and write
A’ = (0.16138 cm-1)*(1.00 cm) = 0.16138
The ratio of the light intensity entering the sample to the light intensity exiting the sample at a particular wavelength is defined as the transmittance. Absorption and transmission are two related and different quantities used in spectroscopy. The main difference between absorption and transmission is that absorption measures how much incident light is absorbed as it travels through the material, while transmission measures how much light is transmitted.
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What makes an atom radioactive? (2 points)
Its electrons are easily pulled away.
Its protons and electrons repel each other.
Its nucleus can easily break apart over time.
Its neutrons are held more strongly than its protons.
How many moles of Al are necessary to form 35.2 g of AlBr₃ from this reaction: 2 Al(s) + 3 Br₂(l) → 2 AlBr₃(s) ?
Based on the mole ratio, the number of moles of Al required to produce 35.2 g of AlBr₃ is 0.13 moles.
What is the mole ratio of the reaction?The mole ratio of the reaction is the ratio in which moles of reactants combine to form moles of product.
The mole ratio is obtained from the equation of the reaction.
Considering the given reaction equation below:
Al(s) + 3 Br₂(l) → 2 AlBr₃(s)
1 mole of Al produces 2 moles of AlBr₃ when reacted with 3 moles of Br₂
Molar mass of AlBr₃ = 267 g
Molar mass of Al = 27 g
Moles of Al required to produce 35.2 g of AlBr₃ = 35.2 * 27/267 * 1 mole/27
Moles of Al required to produce 35.2 g of AlBr₃ = 0.13 moles of Al
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A chemist is trying to determine the molar mass of an unknown substance. What is the molar mass of this substance if she finds that 30.8 g contains 7.180x10^23 molecules?
I know the answer is 25.8, but I need to know the work needed to be done to get there.
Answer:
Explanation:
n=m/M=N/Na
where m represents mass
M represents molar mass
N represents Number of molecules
Na is avogadros constant which is denoted as 6.02*10^23
30.8/M=7.180*10^23/6.02*10^23
30.8/M=1.1927
M=30.8/1.1927=25.1g/mol
What happens to form the brown spots on a tlc plate when you place the developed tlc plate in an iodine chamber?.
When a developed TLC plate is placed in the chamber and capped, the iodine sublimes and reacts with the compounds on the plate.
While a evolved TLC plate is placed in the chamber and capped, the iodine sublimes and reacts with the compounds at the plate, forming yellow-brown spots. The shade occurs due to the fact iodine bureaucracy colored complexes with many natural compounds.
The silica gel at the TLC plate is impregnated with a fluorescent material that glows underneath ultraviolet light. A niche will intervene with the fluorescence and seem as a darkish spot on a sparkling background. At the same time as beneath the UV light, the spots may be outlined with a pencil to mark their places.
The staining of a TLC plate with iodine vapor is some of the oldest strategies for the visualization of organic compounds. it's far based totally upon the remark that iodine has a high affinity for each unsaturated and aromatic compounds.
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What is the first element to have a different number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus?.
Hydrogen is the first element to have a different number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.
Hydrogen (H), a gaseous material that is colorless, odorless, tasteless, and flammable, is the most basic chemical element. A proton with one unit of positive electrical charge and an electron with one unit of negative electrical charge make up the hydrogen atom's nucleus.
Hydrogen makes up just around 0.14 percent of the weight of the Earth's crust, despite being the most common element in the universe and three times as abundant as helium, the next most frequent element. The water in oceans, ice caps, rivers, lakes, and the atmosphere all contain significant amounts of it.
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Chlorine gas (Cl2) reacts with solid calcium (Ca) to form solid calcium chloride (CaCl2). Write a balanced chemical equation for this reaction
A balanced chemical equation for this reaction would be 1 mole of Ca reacting with 1 mole of Cl2 to produce one mole of CaCl2.
A balanced equation is an equation for a chemical reaction in which the number of atoms for each element in the reactant and product side of the reaction and the total charge are the same for both the reactants and the products. In other words, the mass and the charge are balanced on both sides of the reaction.
In the formation of calcium chloride reaction we can see that Calcium is reacting with chlorine molecule to form a calcium chloride molecule. From the balanced chemical reaction we can see that one mole of calcium reacts with one mole of Cl2 to form one mole of calcium chloride molecule. The reaction is given below
Ca + Cl2 ⇄ CaCl2
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A mountaineer is planning an expedition. He wants to follow the easiest possible path, which means he needs to find the most gentle slope up the mountain. Which route should the mountaineer choose?
The route that the mountaineer should choose from the graph is route A.
Who is a mountaineer?The term mountaineer has to do with a person who is a specialist in the process of climbing mountains. Such a person does know the various routes around a mountain and how to get to the peak of the mountain very easily.
In this case, we have to consider the steepness of each of the paths as we can see from the graph. The steeper the mountain path that is chosen the broader it is and the easier it is for the mountaineer to climb the mountsin successfully.
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Missing parts;
A mountaineer is planning an expedition. He wants to follow the easiest possible path, which means he needs to find the most gentle slope up the mountain. Which route should the mountaineer choose?
A.Route A
B.Route B
C.Route C
D.Route D
A rapid temperature increase about 55 mya created tropical conditions around the world. What did these conditions cause?.
To learn the temperature, rapid temperature increase and adaptive radiation of euphemisms.
What is temperature?
A substance's temperature is defined as its average kinetic energy across all of its atoms or molecules. A substance's constituent particles do not all possess the same kinetic energy. The distribution of the particles' kinetic energy at any particular moment can be used to describe it.
What is adaptive radiation?
Rapid increases in the number of species sharing a common ancestor are known as "adaptive radiation," which is marked by significant ecological and morphological variety. The adaptation of organisms to novel ecological environments is the driving force behind it.
Around 55 million years ago, there was a sharp rise in global temperature, resulting in tropical conditions worldwide and the adaptive radiation of euphemisms.
Therefore, these conditions cause adaptive radiation of euphemisms.
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why does the alkane not change color? choose all that apply. it is non reactive to bromine. it is reactive to bromine. there is no electron density for it to serve as an electrophile. there is no electron density for it to serve as a nucleophile.
Alkane hydrocarbons will not cause dissolution of bromine because alkanes do not have double bonds so they will not undergo addition reactions. Since alkanes do not have double bonds the red color of bromine does not change. The reaction that may occur in alkanes with bromine is a substitution reaction.
Addition ReactionAddition reactions are reactions that break a double bond. It can be used to distinguish alkenes from alkynes. This recognition reaction is carried out by adding bromine which is red brown. The addition reaction was indicated by the disappearance of the red-brown color from the bromine. The addition reaction was indicated by the disappearance of the red-brown color from the bromine.
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the reduction of iron(iii) oxide () to pure iron during the first step of steelmaking, is driven by the high-temperature combustion of coke, a purified form of coal: suppose at the temperature of a blast furnace the gibbs free energies of formation of and are and , respectively. calculate the maximum mass of pure iron that can be produced by the combustion of of coke. (one metric ton, symbol , equals .) round your answer to significant digits.
The maximum mass of pure iron that can be produced by the combustion of coke is 3.9 × 10⁶ kg.
Combustion, or burning, is a high-temperature exothermic redox chemical reaction between gasoline and an oxidant, generally atmospheric oxygen, that produces oxidized, regularly gaseous products, in a combination termed as smoke. combustion, a chemical reaction between materials, typically consisting of oxygen and normally observed by way of the era of warmth and mild inside the shape of a flame.
A combustion reaction is a sort of chemical reaction wherein a response between any flammable substance and an oxidizer takes area as a way to shape an oxidized product. Combustion reactions are regularly followed via fires and the discharge of power in the form of warmth.
Calculation:-
2Fe₂O₃ ------> 4Fe(s) + 3O₂
C(s) + O₂ -------> CO₂ ₓ 3
________________________
2Fe₂O₃ + 3C(s) ------------> 4Fe + 3CO₂(g)
mass of coke = 630 . t
= 630 × 1000
= 6.3 × 10⁵
So, 3 × 12g og Coke = (4 × 56)/3×12 kgFe
= 39.2 × 10⁵ kg Fe
= 3.9 × 10⁶ kg
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Which stress would most likely cause an ecosystem to respond by succession?
Responses
water pollution
water pollution
air pollution
air pollution
volcanic eruption
volcanic eruption
urbanization
The stress that would lead to response by succession is volcanic eruption.
What is environmental stress?We define the term environmental stress as anything that tends to change the way the environment is. We know that there are several events that could change the way that the ecosystem operates as well as the kind of species that are in the ecosystem.
When there is a volcanic eruption, there is likely to be an ecological succession in which the new kinds of organisms would appear in the ecosystem as it begins to recover from the impact of the volcanic eruption.
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if the concentration of nacl is 7.61 m, when it begins to crystallize out of solution, then what is the ksp? ksp
If the concentration of NaCl is 7.61 m, when it begins to crystallize out of solution, then the Ksp is 57.91.
The dissociation reaction of NaCl is given as:
NaCl → Na⁺ + Cl⁻
7.61 7.61
The Ksp for the following is given as :
ksp = [Na⁺] [Cl⁻]
⇒ksp = 7.61 × 7.61
⇒ksp = 57.91
When a solid substance dissolves into an aqueous solution, it posses a equilibrium constant which is known as solubility product constant, Ksp. The solubility product constant Ksp increases with increase in temperature and with increase in the solubility.
Thus, If the concentration of NaCl is 7.61 m, when it begins to crystallize out of solution, then the ksp is 57.91 .
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What is the formal charge on the central nitrogen atom in the most favorable lewis structure for the fulminate ion, cno–, based on minimizing formal charge overall?.
The formal charge of the central nitrogen atom of dinitrogen sulfide is +1.
Formal charge refers to the presence of electrons on an atom when absent and present in the molecule.
Lewis structure is The structural representation of a compound in which the electrons existing around the atom are represented by points is called the Lewis point structure.
Three possible Lewis structures of dinitrogen sulfide are shown below.
But the best Lewis structure of these is the first. The central nitrogen atom has a positive charge and the sulfur atom has a negative charge. The charges on these atoms are the most stable and make compounds stable.
Therefore, the central nitrogen atom has a formal charge of +1.
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What are some practical uses for metallic changes?
Some practical uses of metallic change are : electrolysis, heating of silver coin and melting.
What are some practical uses of metallic changes?Practical application of metallic change is electrolysis. Charge is conducted through metals. In electrolysis, input of energy is needed to force a nonspontaneous redox reaction.
When the silver-colored penny is heated, zinc atoms outside and copper atoms inside move around because of the heat. This results in the outer layer of zinc mix with the copper which becomes an alloy called yellow brass.
Melting is an example of a physical change. A physical change is a change to a sample of matter where some properties of the material change but the identity of the matter does not.
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Calculate the mass of AgBr produced from 22.5 L of AgNO3.
The mass of AgBr produced from 22.5 L of AgNO₃ is 50.01 gram
Mass is a measure of the amount of matter in a substance or an object.
Here given reaction is stoichiometric
From the balanced equation for the reaction si
2AgNO₃ + MgBr₂ → 2AgBr + Mg(NO₃)₂
The mole ratio of AgNO₃ and AgBr is 2 : 1
Mole of 22.5 g AgNO₃ = 22.5/169.87
Mole of 22.5 g AgNO₃ = 0.1325 mole
Equivalent mole of AgBr = 0.265 mole
Mass of 0.265 mole AgBr = 0.265×188.77
Mass of 0.265 mole AgBr = 50.01 gram
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An orange solid cannot be broken down into simpler components by any physical methods. When it is heated, a chemical reaction takes place and a colorless gas and a silvery liquid form. Further tests on the resulting substances shows that they cannot be broken down further by physical or chemical methods. What type of substance is the original orange solid?.
Type of substance is the original orange solid is element .
What is chemical reaction ?
Chemical reaction, the process by which one or more substances (reactants) are transformed into one or more other substances (products). Substances are either chemical elements or compounds. Chemical reactions rearrange the constituent atoms of reactants to produce different substances as products.
Chemical reactions are an integral part of technology, culture, and even life itself. Fuel combustion, iron smelting, glass and pottery making, beer brewing, and wine and cheese making are just a few examples. Activities involving chemical reactions that have been around for thousands of years. Chemical reactions are abundant in a variety of complex processes that occur in Earth's geology, atmosphere and oceans, and in all biological systems.
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If sodium (na) has 4 neutrons, 3 protons, and 2 electrons, which would be the correct ion symbol?.
According to electronic configuration, the correct symbol for sodium with 4 neutrons, 3 protons, and 2 electrons is Na-2.
What is electronic configuration?
The distribution of electrons in atomic or molecular orbitals within an atom or molecule is referred to as its electronic configuration. It explains how every electron in an orbital move on its own.
For understanding the period table, one needs to know about electronic configuration. It aids in comprehending the chemistry of various elements.
For an element to become stable, chemical reactions must take place. The transition elements adhere to the 18-electron rule, whereas the main group elements follow the octet rule in their electrical arrangement. Noble elements are thought to be stable because their valence shells are finished in the ground state.
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select the options that correctly identify the concentrations of the individual ions present in a solution that is 0.14 m in zncl2. multiple select question. [zn2 ]
The concentration terms are molality, normality and mole fraction. Molarity can be used to find out the ionic strength of any solution. The Concentration of Cl⁻ and Zn²⁺ is 0.28M and 0.14M respectively.
What is molarity?Molarity can be calculated by dividing number of moles of solute by volume of solution in liter. Molarity is affected by temperature. Its unit is mole/liter. It measure the concentration of any solute in a solution.
Molarity of ZnCl[tex]_2[/tex]=0.14 M
ZnCl[tex]_2[/tex] dissociates as
ZnCl[tex]_2[/tex][tex]\rightarrow[/tex] Zn²⁺+ 2Cl⁻
Concentration of Zn²⁺=0.14 M
Concentration of Cl⁻= 2×0.14 M=0.28M
Therefore, concentration of Cl⁻ and Zn²⁺ is 0.28M and 0.14M respectively.
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