Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a company's responsibility for the impact of its activities on society and the environment. The aim of CSR is to ensure that the impact is beneficial to the society and the environment, while still supporting business success.
Corporate social responsibility is a term that refers to a company's duty to operate ethically while remaining profitable. CSR has many advantages for businesses, including increased customer loyalty, increased employee engagement and retention, and a better reputation. However, CSR goes beyond simply achieving business goals and meeting legal requirements. It is an ethical obligation for businesses to have CSR.Corporate social responsibility is also important to the government. The government is responsible for the well-being of its citizens, and it is therefore important for it to promote business activities that have a positive impact on society and the environment. By ensuring that businesses operate ethically, governments can reduce negative impacts on society and the environment.The following reasons illustrate why corporate social responsibility is essential for every company and government interest:Promotes Business Sustainability :Corporate social responsibility enables a company to operate sustainably. CSR ensures that the company takes measures to minimize its environmental footprint, and by extension, the company can operate sustainably. Operating sustainably is essential for long-term business success. CSR provides companies with an opportunity to be good corporate citizens, which is essential for a company's long-term sustainability and profitability.Boosts Reputation: Corporate social responsibility is essential for a company's reputation. Consumers are more likely to do business with companies that have a reputation for ethical conduct. CSR provides companies with an opportunity to demonstrate their commitment to the well-being of society and the environment, which can boost their reputation and increase customer loyalty.Boosts Employee Engagement: Corporate social responsibility also boosts employee engagement. Employees want to work for companies that are committed to ethical conduct. CSR provides employees with an opportunity to participate in activities that promote social and environmental well-being, which can increase employee engagement.Engages Communities: Corporate social responsibility also provides companies with an opportunity to engage with communities. By engaging with communities, companies can better understand the needs and aspirations of the people they serve. CSR provides companies with an opportunity to work with communities to address social and environmental problems. This engagement helps to build trust between companies and communities. This trust is essential for a company's long-term sustainability.Engages Government: Corporate social responsibility is also essential for government engagement. Governments want businesses to be good corporate citizens. CSR provides companies with an opportunity to demonstrate their commitment to the well-being of society and the environment. This commitment can help to build trust between businesses and the government. This trust is essential for a business's long-term sustainability. To conclude, corporate social responsibility is essential for every company and government interest. It promotes business sustainability, boosts reputation, boosts employee engagement, engages communities, and engages government.Learn more about Corporate social responsibility (CSR) from the given link:
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When can a business pass on rising costs to the consumer? (Keep it short but clear, using economic terms such as elasticity).
A business can pass on rising costs to the consumer when the demand for the product or service offered is inelastic. Inelastic demand refers to the situation where the quantity demanded of a product or service is not very responsive to changes in its price.
What does it mean to be inelastic?Elasticity is a concept in economics that refers to the degree of responsiveness of the quantity demanded of a product or service to changes in its price.
When the quantity demanded of a product or service changes a lot in response to small changes in its price, then we say the demand is elastic.
On the other hand, when the quantity demanded of a product or service changes very little in response to changes in its price, then we say the demand is inelastic.
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Government officials decide that tech giants such as Apple and Samsung are making excessive profits. In order to reduce these profits, the government imposes a $100 per device tax on all high- end smartphones. As a result of this tax, the price paid by buyers of the Iphone X rises from $900 to $990. Sales barely change. a) What is the incidence of the tax? How much of the unit tax is paid by Apple and how much do they pass through to consumers? b) Is this tax good in terms of collecting revenue without causing much deadweight loss? c) Did this tax reduce the 'excessive profits' of the smartphone makers?
a) The incidence of the tax means how much of the tax is borne by the producers and how much is borne by the consumers. In the given case, the tax incidence of the $100 per device tax is split between Apple and the consumers. The amount of tax that the company would pay per device is the tax rate that is levied by the government and it is fixed.
However, the amount that is passed on to the consumers is dependent on the price elasticity of the product. If the product has a low price elasticity, then the burden of tax falls mainly on the consumer. Here, since the sales barely change, it can be assumed that the iPhone X has a low price elasticity of demand. Therefore, most of the tax would be borne by the consumers.
The amount that is paid by Apple and the amount that is passed through to consumers are as follows:
The price of the Iphone X before tax = $900The price of the Iphone X after tax = $990
Amount paid by Apple = $100 (per device)
Amount passed through to consumers = $90 (per device) b)
A tax is considered good if it can collect revenue without causing much deadweight loss.
Deadweight loss is a loss in economic surplus that occurs when the social cost of the tax exceeds its social benefit. A tax is considered good if it generates significant revenue and its deadweight loss is low.
In the given case, since the sales barely change, it can be assumed that the iPhone X has a low price elasticity of demand. This means that the deadweight loss caused by the tax would be low. Therefore, the tax would be good in terms of collecting revenue without causing much deadweight loss.
c) The imposition of the $100 per device tax on high-end smartphones was an attempt by the government to reduce the excessive profits of the smartphone makers. The amount of profits earned by Apple would depend on the demand for the iPhone X.
If the demand for the iPhone X remains the same even after the imposition of the tax, then the profits earned by Apple would not be affected. In this case, since the sales barely change, it can be assumed that the demand for the iPhone X is inelastic.
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Why is it that Central Bank Independence is of importance for
the valuation or riskiness of a country's currency?
The value or riskiness of a nation's currency depends on the independence of the central bank. The stability of an economy and the financial health of a nation depend on the independence of the central bank.
A country's central banks are in charge of managing its money supply. A stable economy contributes to the stability of the country's currency value, which is maintained in part by a steady central bank. Being independent of the government or any other external parties, the central bank is able to make monetary policy choices.
The importance of Central Bank Independence is that it provides the Central Bank with the authority to regulate the money supply, which results in a stable economy. When a Central Bank is independent, it can make its monetary policy decisions based on what is best for the economy, not what is best for the government. This independence from government control helps to create credibility and stability in the country's financial system and economy.
This stability is vital for a country's currency valuation and riskiness. If a country's currency is considered stable, its value will be high, and investors will be willing to invest in the country. When investors invest in a country, it can help to boost the economy, creating jobs and increasing wealth.
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The purpose of the trial balance is to Select one: O a. Make sure the entries are in the proper format O b. Make sure the T accounts are in balance O c. Correct an adjusting entry O d. None of the above on 15 t red out of ion Decreases in owners' equity accounts are on which side of the T account? Select one: O a. Left O b. Right O c. Neither A nor B
The purpose of the trial balance is to: Make sure the T accounts are in balance. On the other hand, decreases in owners' equity accounts are on the right side of the T account.
This means that the answer would be option B.Explanation:What is a trial balance?A trial balance is a report in bookkeeping that lists the balances in every ledger account on a specific date. The trial balance is useful for detecting accounting mistakes, and it can help to ensure that the debits and credits in the ledger are balanced. In addition, the trial balance is used to produce financial statements, which summarize an entity's financial operations. The trial balance is created at the conclusion of the accounting period before financial statements are created.
The main purpose of the trial balance is to ensure that the ledger accounts are in balance. The debit and credit entries in each ledger account should be equal and opposite, resulting in a balanced ledger. The trial balance is used to compare the total debits and credits of all ledger accounts to ensure that the debits and credits balance.The T-account is a visual representation of a ledger account that displays all of the account's debit and credit transactions. The left-hand side of a T-account is the debit side, and the right-hand side is the credit side. When a decrease occurs in an owner's equity account, it is recorded on the credit side of the T-account, while an increase is recorded on the debit side.
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Investment centres are solely evaluated on the rate of return earned on the funds investe are not often associated with product lines and subsidiary companies. generate a return on operating assets. rarely generate revenues by selling products.
Investment centres are responsible for managing the assets and resources within an organization. It is evaluated based on its performance, the rate of return earned on the funds invested, and how effectively it generates a return on operating assets. It is important to note that investment centres are not directly involved with product lines and subsidiary companies.
Investment centres have the autonomy to make decisions about how they allocate and invest their resources, which allows them to pursue profitable opportunities and maximize their return on investment. They may choose to invest in new equipment, expand their operations, or explore new markets in order to generate a higher return on investment.
It is also important to note that investment centres rarely generate revenues by selling products. Instead, they generate revenue by investing in assets that produce a return for the organization. This may include investments in stocks, bonds, real estate, or other financial instruments.
Overall, investment centres are a critical part of any organization's financial management strategy. By maximizing their return on investment, investment centres can help to ensure the long-term financial health and stability of the organization.
However, it is important to monitor investment centres carefully and to hold them accountable for their performance, in order to ensure that they are making sound financial decisions and maximizing the return on investment for the organization as a whole.
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Think about your companies financial planning cycles, when does it start and finish?
How often do you see the plan change after it’s finished?
Can you give an example of priorities shifting? i.e. regulatory commitments, audit findings and/or COVID-19
Financial planning cycles vary by company and industry, but typically they start at the beginning of the fiscal year and end at the end of the fiscal year. However, some companies may have quarterly or monthly financial planning cycles.
The financial planning cycle begins with setting goals and objectives for the year, creating a budget, and projecting revenue and expenses. The budget is then reviewed throughout the year to ensure it is on track. The financial planning cycle ends with an analysis of actual results compared to the budget. After the plan is finished, it may change depending on the performance of the business or external factors such as changes in the economy, government regulations, or customer demand.
Priorities may shift due to regulatory commitments, audit findings, and COVID-19. For example, if a regulatory agency finds an issue with the company’s product, the company may need to shift its resources to fix the issue to avoid penalties or legal action. Similarly, if an audit reveals weaknesses in the company’s financial controls, the company may need to shift its priorities to strengthen its financial reporting.
Finally, with the COVID-19 pandemic, many companies have had to shift their priorities to focus on employee safety and remote work, which has impacted their financial plans.
Overall, financial planning is an ongoing process that requires flexibility and adaptability to changes in the business environment.
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Historical data indicates that Chikhura Pty Ltd is very efficient in collecting cash from its sales. In preparing its cash budgets, the entity estimates that 50% of all credit sales will be collected in the month of sale. This suggests that Chikhura Pty Ltd's credit terms are: 30 days 15 days 60 days 45 days The entity's credit terms can't be determined from this information.
The average collection period (ACP) for Chikhura Pty Ltd is 15 days. Therefore, the credit terms for Chikhura Pty Ltd are 15 days.
Historical data indicates that Chikhura Pty Ltd is very efficient in collecting cash from its sales. In preparing its cash budgets, the entity estimates that 50% of all credit sales will be collected in the month of sale. This suggests that Chikhura Pty Ltd's credit terms are 15 days.
The reason for this is that the average collection period (ACP) for the company is less than the stated credit period. Credit terms refer to the terms under which a seller extends credit to a customer.
It includes the credit period, credit limit, and cash discount. In this case, we are to determine the credit terms of Chikhura Pty Ltd, given that 50% of all credit sales are collected in the month of the sale.
To solve this problem, we will calculate the average collection period (ACP) for Chikhura Pty Ltd as shown below:
ACP = Accounts Receivable / Average Daily Credit Sales
Where;Accounts Receivable = (50/100) x Total Credit Sales
Average Daily Credit Sales = Total Credit Sales / 30 days
Assuming that Total Credit Sales = $100,000
ACP = Accounts Receivable / Average Daily Credit Sale
sACP = [(50/100) x $100,000] / ($100,000 / 30)
ACP = 15 days
From the calculation above, the average collection period (ACP) for Chikhura Pty Ltd is 15 days.
The ACP is less than the stated credit period, which implies that the company is collecting its receivables earlier than the credit period.
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\langle\rangle Potential Mutual Funds )) Johnson Equity Sarofim Equity Income (JEQIX) (SRFMX) - 5-Year Return: 12.87% - 5-Year Return: 11.87% - Standard Deviation: - Standard Deviation: 18.13 n. . 19.48 - Minimum investment - Minimum Investment Requirement: $2000 1. Choose two mutual funds to purchase. Search for two mutual funds that your group is interested in investing in and use the Yahool Finance website to find the following information: - Performance. Identify the 5-Year Average Return of each fund. You will use this to estimate your return going forward. For this project, we will require that each fund has at least five years of data. - Risk. Identify the Standard Deviation statistic of each fund. This number represents the volatility of the fund's returns, and hence may be used to measure the risk of losing money on your investment. - Purchase info. Identify the Min Initial investment amount for each fund. For this project, we will require this amount to be non-zero. - IMPORTANT: Report your choice of mutual funds to your instructor as soon as you identify them. No repeats are allowed between groups, so lock yours in as soon as you decide. 2. Write the objective functions. For this project, we will construct two objective functions: one to maximize return and one to minimize risk. - Define the variables x and y as the amounts to be invested in each mutual fund. - Use the information you gathered on the funds' performance to construct an objective function for the total expected return on your investment. - Use the information you gathered on the funds' risk to construct an objective function for the total risk involved in purchasing both funds. We will use a calculation of Std. Dev. × Amount to measure the risk of purchasing shares of a fund. 3. Identify your constraint inequalities. Form constraint inequalities by considering the following limitations on your investment. - The minimum amount needed to start investing in each fund. - The maximum total amount that you have available to invest. To ensure a good range for your results, choose a reasonable number that is at least twice as much as the total minimum amount to purchase the two funds. - To maintain an appropriately diversified portfolio, suppose you intend that the difference between the amounts invested in each fund be no more than 25% of the maximum total amount.
Previous question
The Constraint Inequalities is ≥ 2000y ≥ 2000x + y ≤ (2 * 2000) = 4000x - y ≤ 1000 |x - y| ≤ 0.25(x + y)≥ 0
Based on the given information, two mutual funds that the group may be interested in investing in are:
Johnson Equity Sarofim Equity Income (JEQIX)5-Year Return: 12.87%
Standard Deviation: 18.13
Minimum Investment Requirement: $2000
Sarofim Equity Income (SRFMX)5-Year Return: 11.87%
Standard Deviation: 19.48
Minimum Investment Requirement: $2000
Objective Function to maximize return:
x = amount invested in JEQIX
y = amount invested in SRFMX
Objective Function: Z = 12.87x + 11.87y
Constraint Inequalities:x ≥ 2000y ≥ 2000x + y ≤ (2 * 2000) = 4000x - y ≤ 1000
Objective Function to minimize risk: x = amount invested in JEQI
Xy = amount invested in SRFMX
Objective Function: Z = 18.13x + 19.48y
Constraint Inequalities:
x ≥ 2000y ≥ 2000x + y ≤ (2 * 2000) = 4000x - y ≤ 1000 |x - y| ≤ 0.25(x + y)≥ 0
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Companies X and Z have the same beginning-of-the-year book value of equity and the same tax rate. The companies have identical transactions throughout the year and report all transactions similarly except for one. Both companies acquire a £300,000 printer with a three- year useful life and a salvage value of £0 on January 1 of the new year. Company X capitalizes the printer and depreciates it on a straight-line basis, and Company Z expenses the printer. The following year-end information is gathered for Company X. Company X As of December 31 £10,000,000 Ending shareholders' equity Tax rate Dividends 25% £0.00 Net income £750,000 Based on the information given, Company Z's return on equity using year-end equity will be closest to:
To calculate Company Z's return on equity (ROE) using year-end equity, we need to determine the net income and the equity at the end of the year for Company Z. Company Z's return on equity using year-end equity will be closest to 4.5%.
Given that Company X has an ending shareholders' equity of £10,000,000 and a net income of £750,000, we can assume that Company Z also has the same beginning-of-the-year book value of equity, the same tax rate, and identical transactions throughout the year, except for the treatment of the printer.
Since Company X capitalized and depreciated the printer over its useful life, it implies that the £300,000 cost of the printer was added to the asset value and depreciated over three years. This depreciation expense reduced the net income for Company X.
However, Company Z expensed the printer, meaning that the £300,000 cost of the printer was directly deducted from net income as an expense in the year of acquisition. As a result, Company Z's net income will be lower than that of Company X.
To calculate Company Z's net income, we need to subtract the £300,000 printer expense from Company X's net income:
Company Z's Net Income = Company X's Net Income - Printer Expense
= £750,000 - £300,000
= £450,000
Next, we can calculate Company Z's equity at the end of the year. Since we are given that both companies have the same beginning-of-the-year equity, we can assume that Company Z's equity at the end of the year will also be £10,000,000.
Finally, we can calculate Company Z's return on equity using the formula:
ROE = (Net Income / Equity) * 100
Company Z's ROE = (£450,000 / £10,000,000) * 100
= 4.5%
Therefore, Company Z's return on equity using year-end equity will be closest to 4.5%.
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1 marks for the correct increase / decrease in the demand or supply 1 mark for correct labels 1 mark for showing what will happen to the equilibrium price 1 mark for showing what will happen to the equilibrium quantity 4marks for a brief explanation (d) What will happen in the market for tomatoes if a new study is released that shows tomatoes contain antioxidants (may help prevent cancer)? (e) What will happen in the market for corn if a new crop rotation technique is discovered that allows corn to be grown more easily and the price of green beans, a substitute, decreases? (f) What will happen in the market for gasoline if the price of oil increases and there is a vast increase in the population (e.g., another baby boomer generation)? (g) A tax on gun buyers. (h) A binding price floor on guns.
(d) If a new study is released showing that tomatoes contain antioxidants, it will increase the demand for tomatoes. This is because the study highlights a potential health benefit of consuming tomatoes, which will attract more consumers to purchase them. The demand curve will shift to the right. As a result, the equilibrium price of tomatoes will increase, and the equilibrium quantity of tomatoes will also increase.
(e) If a new crop rotation technique is discovered that allows corn to be grown more easily and the price of green beans, a substitute for corn, decreases, it will decrease the demand for corn. This is because the easier availability of corn and the lower price of green beans will make consumers switch from corn to green beans. The demand curve for corn will shift to the left. As a result, the equilibrium price of corn will decrease, and the equilibrium quantity of corn will also decrease.
(f) If the price of oil increases and there is a vast increase in the population, there will be an increase in the demand for gasoline. The increase in the price of oil will lead to higher production costs for gasoline, causing the supply curve to shift to the left. Additionally, the increase in population will result in more consumers who need gasoline. Both factors combined will increase the demand for gasoline. The demand curve for gasoline will shift to the right. As a result, the equilibrium price of gasoline will increase, and the equilibrium quantity of gasoline will also increase.
(g) A tax on gun buyers will increase the price of guns for consumers. This is because the tax increases the cost of purchasing a gun, which leads to a decrease in the quantity demanded. As a result, the demand curve for guns will shift to the left. The equilibrium price of guns will increase, and the equilibrium quantity of guns will decrease.
(h) A binding price floor on guns will set a minimum price for guns that is above the equilibrium price. This will result in a surplus of guns, as the quantity supplied exceeds the quantity demanded at the higher price. The supply curve for guns will shift to the right, and the demand curve for guns will shift to the left. The equilibrium price of guns will be the price floor, and the equilibrium quantity of guns will be lower than before the price floor was implemented.
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Begin a formal project by formulating information pertaining to how the various transportation modes (aviation, rail, road, off-road, ship, pipelines, cable, space) compare and contrast with each other specifically relating to cost, capital, and cash considerations.
Transportation is a significant aspect of the global economy, and various modes are utilized depending on the nature of goods, distance, speed, and efficiency, among other considerations.
Cable transportation is utilized for urban transportation and tourism. It is cheap and reliable. Capital considerations include cable car purchase, maintenance, and safety measures. Cash considerations include ticket pricing, maintenance fees, and power expenses. Space transportation is a new frontier in transportation and is utilized for space exploration and satellite launches.
Capital considerations include spacecraft design, development, and launch vehicles. Cash considerations include government funding, research grants, and investment. In conclusion, each mode of transportation has unique characteristics that affect their cost, capital, and cash considerations. The choice of transportation mode depends on the nature of goods, distance, speed, efficiency, and environmental concerns, among other factors.
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Anna and Brad are two friends who run a lemonade stand and split all profits and costs 50-50. After years of running a successful business, Brad decides that he can make more money on his own and starts a competing stand next door to Anna's. Anna sues Brad for unfair competition and breach of contract. The first document that Anna would file in court is called a(n) _____________________, and Brad's response is called a(n) ______________________:
Group of answer choices
Complaint; Answer
Cause of Action; Pleading
Argument; Affirmative Defense
Lawsuit; Appeal
The first document that Anna would file in court is called a Complaint, and Brad's response is called an Answer.
A Complaint is a formal legal document that outlines the details of Anna's claim against Brad. It will include information such as the parties involved, the facts of the case, and the legal basis for Anna's claim.
In this case, Anna is suing Brad for unfair competition and breach of contract. The Complaint will explain how Brad's actions of starting a competing lemonade stand next door to Anna's have harmed her business and violated their 50-50 profit-sharing agreement.
On the other hand, Brad's response to Anna's Complaint is called an Answer. This is his opportunity to address and respond to the allegations made in Anna's Complaint.
In his Answer, Brad may admit or deny the specific claims made by Anna, and he may also raise any affirmative defenses he may have, such as arguing that he had a valid reason for starting his own lemonade stand or that Anna breached the contract first.
It is important to note that the terms "Cause of Action; Pleading," "Argument; Affirmative Defense," and "Lawsuit; Appeal" are not the appropriate terms to describe the first document filed by Anna and Brad's response in court. The correct terms are "Complaint" and "Answer."
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Mrs Judy, a South African resident who is 72 years old has the following investment income: South African dividends (exempt in terms of s 10(1)(k)) R50 000 South African interest R40 000 Foreign dividends (exempt in terms of s 10(1)(k)(ii)) R7 500 Foreign dividends (not specifically exempted) R750 Foreign interest R200
1 Calculate Mrs Judy’s gross and exempt income for the 2020 year of assessment. 2 List examples of Lump-sum benefits paid under paragraph (d) of special inclusions.
3 State the exemption applicable to uniform allowance.
1) Calculation of Mrs. Judy’s gross and exempt income for the 2020 year of assessment. Mrs. Judy’s gross income for the 2020 year of assessment is Rs 98,450. Let us calculate Mrs. Judy's exempt income: Exempt income = (South African dividends exempted under section 10(1)(k)) + (Foreign dividends exempted under section 10(1)(k)(ii)) Rs 50,000 + Rs 7500= Rs 57,500. Therefore, Mrs. Judy’s exempt income for the 2020 year of assessment is R57 500.
2) Examples of lump-sum benefits paid under paragraph (d) of special inclusions. The following are some examples of lump-sum benefits paid under paragraph (d) of special inclusions: Benefits received by or accrued to any person as a lump sum on or after retirement or death as a consequence of past employment, in respect of any pension, annuity, provident fund, retirement annuity fund or preservation fund.
3) The exemption applicable to uniform allowance. The exemption applicable to uniform allowance is as follows: An amount up to Rs 5000 per annum received by an employee as an allowance in respect of any uniform or wear and tear of any special clothing which is required by his employer to be worn while on duty is exempt from tax.
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knowledge management
2.1 Learning Outcomes:
Recognize the overall knowledge management processes, concepts,
goals and strategies within the context of organization.
2.2 Action Required:
Watch the shor
Knowledge management is the process of developing, acquiring, creating, information that an organization has. Knowledge management is an important part of any organization as it helps to manage knowledge to meet organizational goals, objectives, and strategies.
This process involves the use of various tools, processes, and technologies to create and manage knowledge within an organization. Knowledge management is important as it helps to reduce duplication of work and helps to leverage organizational knowledge to make better decisions, improve performance, and enhance organizational efficiency.
In order to achieve this, knowledge management involves a range of processes such as capturing, storing, sharing, and transferring knowledge within the organization. In addition, knowledge management also involves the creation of a knowledge management strategy that outlines the goals, objectives, and strategies for managing organizational knowledge.
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The most common grand strategy is product development. 1) True 2) False A reorganization bankruptcy gives the firm a conditional second chance. 1) True 2) False The selection of long-term objectives and grand strategies involves sequential decisions. 1) True 2) False "Stakeholder knowledge" is one of the four perspectives in the Balanced Scorecard. 1) True 2) False The appeal of a reorganization bankruptcy is that the company offers its creditors a carefully designed alternative to forcing an immediate, but fractional repayment of its financial obligations. 1) True 2) False
The most common grand strategy is product development. This statement is true. Product development is a type of grand strategy in which a company grows by offering new or improved products or services to its current markets. By introducing new products to existing customers, firms can increase sales and profits.
Product development may also involve improving existing products or creating new products entirely. A reorganization bankruptcy gives the firm a conditional second chance. This statement is true. A reorganization bankruptcy, also known as Chapter 11 bankruptcy, is a legal process that gives a company the opportunity to reorganize its operations while remaining in business. Under Chapter 11, the company is given a chance to renegotiate its debts, restructure its management, and develop a plan to repay its creditors over time.
The selection of long-term objectives and grand strategies involves sequential decisions. This statement is true. The selection of long-term objectives and grand strategies involves a series of decisions that are made in a specific order. The process typically starts with setting long-term objectives, which are then followed by the selection of appropriate grand strategies. The grand strategies that are selected will depend on the company's resources, capabilities, and external environment.
This can be a better alternative for creditors, who are more likely to receive a higher percentage of their debts over time than they would if the company was forced into liquidation.
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Define the following concepts: Rule of Law Separation of powers Public Law Private Trader General Partnership Company
The Rule of Law and Separation of Powers ensure fairness and equal treatment, while Public Law deals with the relationship between the government and citizens.
Private traders have full control, while general partnerships have equal control and responsibility, and companies have separate legal rights and obligations. Rule of Law: The principle that no one is above the law, not even those who create and enforce the law, and that all individuals, institutions, and government entities are held to the same legal standards. This means that laws must be clear, fair, and apply equally to everyone.
Separation of Powers: The division of governmental powers between the executive, legislative, and judicial branches, each with its own distinct responsibilities and limitations. This separation of powers ensures that no one branch has too much power and that each branch can act as a check on the others to prevent abuses of power.
Public Law: The area of law that deals with the relationship between the government and its citizens, including the interpretation and application of constitutional and administrative law.
Private Trader: A private trader is a sole trader or an individual who is self-employed and runs a business. The private trader has full control over the management and ownership of their business and is responsible for its success or failure.
Company: A legal entity that is separate from its owners and has its own legal rights and obligations. A company can be owned by individuals or other companies, and it can issue shares of stock to raise capital for growth and expansion.
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On 8/1/2023 We issue 60 million of 8%20 years bonds for 90 give first 5 Journal entries
Journal Entry 1:
Date: 8/1/2023
Account Debit: Cash (60,000,000)
Account Credit: Bonds Payable (60,000,000)
Description: Issued 60 million of 8% 20-year bonds at a face value of 90.
Journal Entry 2:
Date: 8/1/2023
Account Debit: Bonds Payable (12,000,000)
Account Credit: Discount on Bonds Payable (12,000,000)
Description: Recorded the discount on the issuance of bonds.
Journal Entry 3:
Date: 8/1/2023
Account Debit: Cash (108,000,000)
Account Credit: Premium on Bonds Payable (108,000,000)
Description: Recorded the premium on the issuance of bonds.
Journal Entry 4:
Date: 8/1/2023
Account Debit: Bonds Payable (3,600,000)
Account Credit: Discount on Bonds Payable (3,600,000)
Description: Amortized a portion of the bond discount.
Journal Entry 5:
Date: 8/1/2023
Account Debit: Interest Expense (4,500,000)
Account Credit: Discount on Bonds Payable (4,500,000)
Account Credit: Cash (4,500,000)
Description: Recorded semi-annual interest payment on the bonds and the amortization of the bond discount.
In the first journal entry, we debit the Cash account for the amount received from the issuance of bonds, which is $60 million, and credit the Bonds Payable account for the same amount.
In the second journal entry, we debit the Bonds Payable account for the discount on bonds payable, which is calculated by subtracting the face value of the bonds ($90) from the cash received ($60 million). The credit is made to the Discount on Bonds Payable account.
In the third journal entry, we debit the Cash account for the premium on bonds payable, which is calculated by subtracting the face value of the bonds ($90) from the cash received ($108 million). The credit is made to the Premium on Bonds Payable account.
In the fourth journal entry, we debit the Bonds Payable account for the amortization of a portion of the bond discount. The credit is made to the Discount on Bonds Payable account. This entry is made periodically to gradually reduce the bond discount over the bond's term.
In the fifth journal entry, we debit the Interest Expense account for the semi-annual interest payment, which is calculated by multiplying the face value of the bonds ($90) by the bond's interest rate (8%) and dividing by 2 (since it's a semi-annual payment). The credit is split between the Discount on Bonds Payable account and the Cash account. The credit to Discount on Bonds Payable represents the amortization of the bond discount, while the credit to Cash accounts for the actual interest payment.
These journal entries capture the issuance of $60 million worth of 8% 20-year bonds at a face value of $90. The first entry records the initial issuance, while the second and third entries account for any discount or premium on the bonds. The fourth entry represents the periodic amortization of the bond discount. Finally, the fifth entry records the semi-annual interest payment on the bonds, including the amortization of the bond discount. These entries ensure the appropriate recognition of the bonds' issuance, associated costs, and interest expenses over time, in accordance with accounting principles.
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How might telecommuting be implemented as an alternative work arrangement in The Bahamas?
The Bahamas can embrace telecommuting as a viable alternative work arrangement, offering increased flexibility, reduced commuting time, and improved work-life balance for employees, while potentially reducing office space costs and enhancing productivity for employers.
Implementing telecommuting as an alternative work arrangement in The Bahamas can bring numerous benefits to both employers and employees. To successfully implement telecommuting, the following steps can be taken:
1. Infrastructure Development: Invest in robust and reliable internet connectivity across the country to ensure employees can work remotely without connectivity issues. This may involve expanding broadband coverage and improving network reliability.
2. Policy and Legal Framework: Develop and enforce policies and regulations that support telecommuting, including guidelines on work hours, data security, and employee rights. This will provide clarity and protection for both employers and employees.
3. Technological Support: Provide necessary tools and technologies for remote work, such as laptops, VPN access, and collaboration platforms. Employers should ensure employees have the necessary resources to perform their tasks effectively from home.
4. Training and Skill Development: Offer training programs to enhance remote work skills, time management, and communication in a virtual environment. This will enable employees to adapt to the telecommuting setup and maximize productivity.
5. Performance Management: Establish clear performance metrics and expectations for telecommuting employees. Regular check-ins, virtual meetings, and project management tools can be utilized to monitor progress and ensure accountability.
6. Work-Life Balance: Encourage a healthy work-life balance by promoting boundaries between work and personal life. Employees should be encouraged to establish dedicated workspace at home and establish routines that separate work time from leisure time.
By implementing these steps, The Bahamas can embrace telecommuting as a viable alternative work arrangement, offering increased flexibility, reduced commuting time, and improved work-life balance for employees, while potentially reducing office space costs and enhancing productivity for employers.
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Which of the following statements about tax is true?
a. the effective tax rate is the tax expense divided by profit before tax
b. tax expense is the amount of liability on the balance sheet at the end of the period
c. tax expense is the amount paid during the period
d. the effective tax rate is the tax paid divided by profit before tax
The correct statement about tax is the effective tax rate is calculated by dividing the tax expense by the profit before tax. Here option A is the correct answer.
The effective tax rate is a measure that indicates the proportion of profit before tax that is paid in taxes. It is a useful metric for analyzing the impact of taxes on a company's profitability. The effective tax rate takes into account all taxes paid by the company, including income taxes, payroll taxes, and any other applicable taxes.
To calculate the effective tax rate, the tax expense is divided by the profit before tax. The tax expense represents the amount of tax liability incurred by the company during a specific period. It includes both current taxes payable and deferred taxes.
Current taxes payable are the taxes that are due and payable based on the taxable income earned in the current period. Deferred taxes, on the other hand, are taxes that are recognized for temporary differences between the accounting and tax treatment of certain items.
The profit before tax is the company's earnings before deducting taxes. It is a measure of the company's profitability and is calculated by subtracting all expenses, except for taxes, from the total revenue. Therefore option A is the correct answer.
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The market demand for artichokes is QD = 1000-2P and QS = 580 + 4P where P is in dollars.
a. Find the equilibrium price and equilibrium quantity.
b. A tax of one dollar per artichoke is enacted. Find the new equilibrium quantity and the price to consumers.
c. Find the deadweight loss of the tax in part c
a. To find the equilibrium price and quantity, we need to set the market demand equal to the market supply.
QD = QS
1000 - 2P = 580 + 4P
Combining like terms, we get:
6P = 420
Dividing both sides by 6, we find:
P = 70
Now, we can substitute this value back into either the demand or supply equation to find the equilibrium quantity.
QD = 1000 - 2P
QD = 1000 - 2(70)
QD = 1000 - 140
QD = 860
Therefore, the equilibrium price is $70 and the equilibrium quantity is 860 artichokes.
b. With a tax of one dollar per artichoke, the new supply equation becomes:
QS = 580 + 4(P - 1)
Substituting the equilibrium price found in part a:
QS = 580 + 4(70 - 1)
QS = 580 + 4(69)
QS = 580 + 276
QS = 856
The new equilibrium quantity is 856 artichokes. To find the price to consumers, we can use either the demand or supply equation:
QD = 1000 - 2P
856 = 1000 - 2P
2P = 1000 - 856
2P = 144
P = 72
Therefore, the price to consumers after the tax is $72.
c. The deadweight loss of the tax can be calculated by finding the difference between the equilibrium quantity before and after the tax:
Deadweight loss = Equilibrium quantity before tax - Equilibrium quantity after tax
Deadweight loss = 860 - 856
Deadweight loss = 4
Therefore, the deadweight loss of the tax is 4 artichokes.
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During the next 3 months Honeywell must meet the following demands for portable air conditioning units: month 1, 350; month 2, 410; month 3, 630. The air conditioners can be produced in either Charlotte or Gastonia. It takes 1.5 hours of skilled labor to produce an air conditioner in Charlotte, and 2 hours in Gastonia. It costs \$280 to produce an air conditioner in Charlotte and \$240 in Gastonia. During each month, each city has 425 hours of skilled labor available. It costs $60 to hold a portable ac unit in inventory for a month. At the beginning of month 1, Honeywell has 130 portable ac units in stock. Formulate an LP whose solution will tell Honeywell how to minimize the cost of meeting air conditioner demands on time for the next three months.
To formulate an LP (Linear Programming) problem, we need to define decision variables, objective function, and constraints.
Decision Variables:
Let x1 represent the number of air conditioners produced in Charlotte.
Let x2 represent the number of air conditioners produced in Gastonia.
Objective Function:
We want to minimize the cost of meeting air conditioner demands on time for the next three months. The cost consists of production cost and inventory holding cost.
The production cost for Charlotte is $280 per unit and $240 per unit for Gastonia. The inventory holding cost is $60 per unit per month.
Therefore, the objective function to minimize the cost can be formulated as:
Minimize Cost = 280x1 + 240x2 + 60(130 - x1 - x2)
Constraints:
1. Skilled labor constraint: In each city, there are 425 hours of skilled labor available. The production time for Charlotte is 1.5 hours per unit, and for Gastonia, it is 2 hours per unit.
This constraint can be written as:
1.5x1 + 2x2 <= 425
2. Demand constraint: The demand for air conditioners in each month must be met.
Month 1 demand: x1 >= 350
Month 2 demand: x1 + x2 >= 410
Month 3 demand: x1 + x2 >= 630
3. Non-negativity constraint: The number of air conditioners produced cannot be negative.
x1 >= 0
x2 >= 0
Combining all the constraints and the objective function, we can formulate the LP as follows:
Minimize Cost = 280x1 + 240x2 + 60(130 - x1 - x2)
Subject to:
1.5x1 + 2x2 <= 425
x1 >= 350
x1 + x2 >= 410
x1 + x2 >= 630
x1 >= 0
x2 >= 0
Solving this LP will provide the solution to Honeywell on how to minimize the cost of meeting air conditioner demands on time for the next three months.
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What must end users do to officially give their
approval that all their requirements are understood
To officially give their approval that all their requirements are understood, end users should clearly articulate their requirements, review and refine them, conduct meetings and discussions, seek demonstrations or prototypes, and provide formal sign-off.
Clearly articulate their requirements: End users should document their requirements in a clear and concise manner, avoiding ambiguity and vagueness. They should provide specific details, such as functional needs, performance expectations, and any constraints or preferences.
Review and refine requirements: End users should review their documented requirements and make necessary revisions or additions. They should validate that the requirements accurately reflect their needs and consider any feedback received from stakeholders.
Conduct meetings and discussions: End users should engage in regular meetings and discussions with the project team or stakeholders responsible for implementing the requirements. These interactions provide an opportunity to clarify doubts, answer questions, and address any misunderstandings.
Seek demonstrations or prototypes: End users can request demonstrations or prototypes of the proposed solution to evaluate whether it aligns with their requirements. This allows them to provide specific feedback and make informed decisions.
Provide formal sign-off: Once end users are satisfied that their requirements have been thoroughly understood and met, they should provide formal sign-off.
This can be in the form of a written approval or a documented statement acknowledging their satisfaction with the understanding and implementation of the requirements.
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Question 3 Not yet answered Marked out of 200 Flag question A building has two tenants, one with 700 sqm with 5.6 years to expiry and one with 300 sqm and 6.8 years to expiry. What is the Weighted Average Lease Term? (to two decimal places) O a. 5.96 O b. 5.88 O c. 6.44 O d. 5.36 O e. 5.76 Question 4
The Weighted Average Lease Term (WALT) is 5.96 years (option a).To calculate which, we need to multiply the lease term of each tenant by the size of their leased area, then sum up these values and divide by the total leased area.
Tenant 1: Lease term = 5.6 years, Leased area = 700 sqm
Tenant 2: Lease term = 6.8 years, Leased area = 300 sqm
WALT = ((Lease term of Tenant 1 * Leased area of Tenant 1) + (Lease term of Tenant 2 * Leased area of Tenant 2)) / (Total leased area)
WALT = ((5.6 * 700) + (6.8 * 300)) / (700 + 300)
WALT = (3920 + 2040) / 1000
WALT = 5960 / 1000
WALT = 5.96
Therefore, the Weighted Average Lease Term is 5.96 years (option a).
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Steps were taken to improve productivity by sysdoc:
Scenario: Sysdoc has implemented a hybrid approach because productivity is declining. so we need STEPS TO IMPROVE PRODUCTIVITY IN SYSDOC(ORGANIZATION)
In the present business environment, productivity is a significant factor that contributes to the success of any organization. Productivity determines the effectiveness of any organization, and it’s essential to look for ways to improve it.
Sysdoc has invested in training and development for their employees. Through training and development, employees acquire new skills that improve their productivity, increasing the organization's productivity. Sysdoc has implemented a performance management system to monitor employee performance. This system helps to identify areas where employees need improvement, which helps to improve overall productivity.
In light of the Covid-19 pandemic, Sysdoc has implemented work from home policies. This has been beneficial to employees, and it has improved their productivity levels. Sysdoc has involved employees in decision-making processes, which has boosted employee morale, leading to increased productivity. In conclusion, Sysdoc has implemented the above measures to improve productivity.
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Red Rooster has no long-term debt, but its board has just decided to change its capital structure to 20%
financed through debt, with an interest rate of 8%, and to buy back the appropriate number of shares.
The current stock price is $40 and there are 50,000 shares outstanding. EBIT is expected to be $118,000 next year. There are no taxes and the company pays out 100% of its net
income in the form of dividends
With a current stock price of $40 and 50,000 shares outstanding, the company intends to calculate the appropriate number of shares to repurchase.Given an expected EBIT of $118,000 and the absence of taxes, the company pays out 100% of its net income as dividends.
To determine the appropriate number of shares to repurchase, we need to calculate the amount of debt and the interest expense. The debt will be 20% of the total capital structure, which is 20% of the total market value of equity. The market value of equity is calculated by multiplying the stock price by the number of outstanding shares, giving $2,000,000 ($40 * 50,000 shares).
Therefore, the debt will be $400,000 (20% of $2,000,000). With an interest rate of 8%, the interest expense will be $32,000 ($400,000 * 8%).
Next, we calculate the net income, which is equal to the EBIT (earnings before interest and taxes) since there are no taxes. In this case, the net income is $118,000.
Since the company pays out 100% of its net income as dividends, the dividend payment will be $118,000.
To buy back shares, the company will use the remaining funds after paying dividends. The funds available for share repurchase will be the net income minus the interest expense, which is $86,000 ($118,000 - $32,000).
Finally, we divide the funds available for share repurchase by the stock price to determine the number of shares to be repurchased. In this case, it would be 2,150 shares ($86,000 / $40).
Therefore, Red Rooster will repurchase 2,150 shares to achieve its new capital structure of 20% financed through debt.
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The Fresh Connections makes a special run of Orange/Mango juice with extra Vitamin C each week of the summer for sports camps. They complete this run as a special weekend shift producing 6906 cases PET bottles of the special juice to meet their demand for the camps. They need workers to come in to load the filled PET bottles into the special cases used for the sports camps. They run a special shift of 6 hours. On average, a worker can package 119 cases per hour worked. Your policy is that all workers will work a full shift with the exception of one worker that will just make up the difference to get to the cases needed for the week, i.e., you can have a fractional person if they aren't needed to work a full shift. Your workers have indicated that they believe they should get paid for a full shift even if they aren't needed for the full shift. If you pay the workers $11.94 per hour, how much more will it cost for an average week if you agree to pay all of the workers for the full shift?
In the proposed scenario you will need to round up the number of workers to a full worker. Don't round anything else until you reach the end of the problem and then round to two (2) decimal places.
To calculate the cost difference of paying all workers for a full shift, we need to determine the number of workers required to meet the packaging demand for 6906 cases of PET bottles. it would cost approximately $11.94 more for an average week.
Number of cases produced per hour per worker = 119
Number of hours per shift = 6
Number of cases needed for the week = 6906
First, calculate the total number of worker-hours required to package the cases:
Total worker-hours = Number of cases needed / Number of cases produced per hour per worker
Total worker-hours = 6906 / 119 ≈ 58.06
Since you need to round up the number of workers to a full worker, round the total worker-hours up to the nearest whole number:
Total worker-hours rounded up = 59
To find the number of workers needed, divide the rounded total worker-hours by the number of hours per shift:
Number of workers needed = Total worker-hours rounded up / Number of hours per shift
Number of workers needed = 59 / 6 ≈ 9.83
Since you can't have fractional workers, round up the number of workers to a full worker:
Number of workers needed rounded up = 10
Now, let's calculate the cost difference between paying workers for a full shift and the actual number of worker-hours required:
Cost per worker per shift = $11.94
Number of workers paid for a full shift = 10
Number of hours per shift = 6
Total cost for paying workers for a full shift = Cost per worker per shift * Number of workers paid for a full shift * Number of hours per shift
Total cost for paying workers for a full shift = $11.94 * 10 * 6 = $716.40
The cost difference is the total cost for paying workers for a full shift minus the actual cost for the actual number of worker-hours required:
Cost difference = Total cost for paying workers for a full shift - (Cost per worker per shift * Total worker-hours rounded up)
Cost difference = $716.40 - ($11.94 * 59) ≈ $716.40 - $704.46 ≈ $11.94
Therefore, if you agree to pay all workers for a full shift, it would cost approximately $11.94 more for an average week.
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Sony is deciding on whether it should invest in a new. PlayStation gaming system. There is a 50% chance that the NPV of the new gaming system will be $1.5 billion and a 50% chance of it being −$1 billion. Alternatively, it could wait a year to start the investment so as to gather more information about the viability of this product. But, it can't wait more than a year to start this investment because it will otherwise lose too much ground to its competitors, Microsoft and Nintendo, which have both already decided to begin producing new gaming systems. I.e., by delaying for more than one year, Sony's expected cash flows, should it eventually do the investment, will be lower than what they would be if it were to instead make the investment now. Using your understanding of real options, which of the following statements are correct? (There might be more than one correct statement.) Sony would be more likely to delay if I had instead stated that that the possible losses of the bad scenario were $1.25 billion instead of $1 billion. If the expected loses that occur by delaying and giving its competitors a head start were to increase, Sony will be more likely to invest now. The ability to delay makes it more likely Sony ultimately invests. If Sony decides that delaying is not an option it can consider, it will invest now despite the uncertain prospects of the investment. The option to delay in this scenario is valuable.
All of the provided statements are correct based on the understanding of real options in Sony's decision-making process for the new PlayStation gaming system.
Based on the information provided, several statements about Sony's decision regarding the new PlayStation gaming system can be considered correct:
1. Sony would be more likely to delay if the possible losses of the bad scenario were $1.25 billion instead of $1 billion.
- This statement is correct because a higher potential loss in the bad scenario would increase the risk associated with investing now, making it more likely for Sony to delay the investment to gather more information.
2. If the expected losses that occur by delaying and giving competitors a head start were to increase, Sony will be more likely to invest now.
- This statement is correct because if the potential losses from delaying increase, it reduces the value of waiting to gather more information, making it more likely for Sony to invest now.
3. The ability to delay makes it more likely Sony ultimately invests.
- This statement is correct because having the option to delay provides Sony with flexibility and the opportunity to gather more information, which increases the likelihood of making an investment.
4. If Sony decides that delaying is not an option it can consider, it will invest now despite the uncertain prospects of the investment.
- This statement is correct because if Sony determines that delaying is not feasible, it will have to make a decision based on the available information and the uncertain prospects of the investment.
5. The option to delay in this scenario is valuable.
- This statement is correct because the ability to delay allows Sony to gather more information and make a more informed investment decision, which adds value to the overall decision-making process.
In summary, all of the provided statements are correct based on the understanding of real options in Sony's decision-making process for the new PlayStation gaming system.
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You sold Tesla stock short at $515 per share. Your losses could be limited by placing a
day-order.
limit-sell order.
limit-buy order.
None of the options are correct.
stop-buy order.
The correct answer is "limit-buy order." Placing a limit-buy order can help limit losses when short selling by specifying the maximum price at which you are willing to buy back the shares to cover your short position.
When selling a stock short, you are essentially borrowing and selling shares that you don't own with the hope of buying them back at a lower price in the future to cover your position. Short selling carries the risk of unlimited losses if the stock price rises significantly.
To limit potential losses, you can use a limit-buy order. This order allows you to set a specific price at which you are willing to buy back the shares to close your short position. By setting a limit-buy order, you ensure that you only buy back the shares at or below your specified price, thereby limiting your losses.
For example, if you sold Tesla stock short at $515 per share, you can place a limit-buy order at a price that you believe is acceptable for closing your position. If the stock price reaches or falls below your specified price, the order will be executed, allowing you to buy back the shares and limit your losses. However, if the stock price remains above your limit price, the order will not be filled, and you can reassess your strategy.
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Discuss the strengths of using the payback period as the method to evaluate an investment project. Explain whether this method would give a good indication of the project's risk or not.
The payback period is a method used to evaluate investment projects. It calculates the time it takes to recover the initial investment. One strength of using the payback period is its simplicity. It is easy to calculate and understand, making it accessible to a wide range of users.
Additionally, the payback period provides a quick assessment of how long it will take to recoup the investment, which can be useful for short-term projects or when liquidity is a concern.
However, the payback period does not take into account the time value of money or cash flows beyond the payback period. It does not consider the profitability of the project or the potential risks involved. Therefore, it is not a comprehensive measure of the project's risk.
To evaluate risk, other methods like net present value or internal rate of return should be considered, as they incorporate the time value of money and provide a better assessment of the project's profitability and risk.
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Consider the three stocks in the following table. Pt represents price at time t, and Qt represents shares outstanding at time t. Stock C splits two-for-one in the last period. Required: a. Calculate the rate of return on a price-weighted index of the three stocks for the first period ( t=0 to t=1). (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to 2 decimal places.) b. What will be the divisor for the price-weighted index in year 2? (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to 2 decimal places.) c. Calculate the rate of return of the price-weighted index for the second period ( t=1 to t=2 ).
Total 787 the average price of all the three stocks would be equal to the total price of all the three stocks divided by the total number of shares Valueable tool outstanding. The average price = Total price / Total number of shares outstanding= 787 / (10 + 24 + 43)= $787 / 77 = $10.22.
Now, the divisor in year 0 will be equal to the average price of the three stocks, which is $10.22.Since Stock A, Stock B and Stock C all experienced the same percentage increase in prices (0.1%), the percentage increase in the price-weighted index would be the same, which is 0.1%.
Therefore, Rate of return on a price-weighted index of the three stocks for the first period (t=0 to t=1) = 0.1%b) Calculation of Divisor for the price-weighted index in year 2Since Stock C split two-for-one in the last period, its shares outstanding will be doubled in the next period and as a result, the new total number of shares outstanding in year 2 would be 10 + 24 + (43 x 2) = 120.The Divisor for the price-weighted index in year 2 would be equal to the total price of all the three stocks in year 1 divided by the total number of shares outstanding in year 2.= $871 / 120= $7.26 Calculation of Rate of return of the price-weighted index for the second period.
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