The issuance of the bonds and warrants is recorded with $1,690,476 allocated to the bonds, $145,524 allocated to the warrants.
First, let's calculate the total proceeds from the issuance of the bonds:
Total proceeds = Number of bonds issued * Issue price per bond
Total proceeds = 1,800 * ($1,000 * 102/100)
Total proceeds = 1,800 * $1,020
Total proceeds = $1,836,000
Next, let's calculate the fair value of the warrants:
Fair value of the warrants = Number of warrants * Market price per warrant
Fair value of the warrants = 1,800 * $44
Fair value of the warrants = $79,200
Now, we can allocate the proceeds between the bonds and the warrants based on their relative fair values:
Allocation to bonds = Total proceeds * (Market value of bonds / Total market value)
Allocation to bonds = $1,836,000 * (97% / (97% + Fair value of warrants))
Allocation to bonds = $1,836,000 * (0.97 / (0.97 + $79,200/$1,000))
Allocation to bonds = $1,836,000 * (0.97 / (0.97 + $79.20))
Allocation to bonds = $1,836,000 * (0.97 / 1.052)
Allocation to bonds = $1,836,000 * 0.9214
Allocation to bonds = $1,690,476
Allocation to warrants = Total proceeds - Allocation to bonds
Allocation to warrants = $1,836,000 - $1,690,476
Allocation to warrants = $145,524
Finally, we can record the issuance of the bonds and warrants:
Debit: Cash (Allocation to bonds)................. $1,690,476
Debit: Stock Warrants (Allocation to warrants)............. $145,524
Credit: Bonds Payable (Face value of bonds)................ $1,800,000
Credit: Premium on Bonds Payable (Difference)................ $36,000
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FILL THE BLANK. "number 19
STOCK PRICE IN 3 YEARS........... 19) Z Space, Incorporated, is a new company and currently has negative earnings. The company's sales are $1.6 million and there are 122,000 shares outstanding. If the"
The stock price in 3 years is uncertain and cannot be determined based on the given information.
Can the stock price in 3 years be determined with the given information?why the stock price in 3 years cannot be determined with the given information.
The stock price in 3 years for Z Space, Incorporated cannot be determined based solely on the provided information. The fact that the company currently has negative earnings and the sales and number of shares outstanding are given does not provide enough data to estimate the future stock price accurately.
Determining the stock price involves considering various factors such as the company's financial performance, profitability, market conditions, industry trends, and investor sentiment. While the sales and number of shares outstanding are relevant pieces of information, they alone do not provide a complete picture of the company's financial health or its future prospects.
To estimate the stock price in 3 years, one would need additional details such as the company's earnings growth rate, dividend policy, capital structure, competitive position, and market outlook. These factors play a crucial role in determining the value and potential growth of a company's stock.
Therefore, without more comprehensive information, it is not possible to accurately predict the stock price of Z Space, Incorporated in 3 years.
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Pharoah Inc. is publicly traded and uses a calendar year for
financial reporting. The company is authorized to issue 50 million
common shares. At no time has Pharoah issued any potentially
dilutive se
Pharoah Inc. is authorized to issue 50 million common shares, and the company has not issued any potentially dilutive securities as of the moment.
Pharoah Inc. is a publicly traded company that uses the calendar year for financial reporting.
The organization is approved to issue up to 50 million common shares. At no time has the company released any potentially dilutive securities
.Potentially dilutive securities are securities that, when exercised or exchanged, may result in the issuance of common stock, resulting in a reduction in earnings per share or an increase in loss per share. This situation is known as dilution.
Potentially dilutive securities can take various forms, including convertible debt, options, warrants, and other derivative securities. The investor who owns these securities has the option to transform them into shares of common stock in some cases, resulting in dilution.
Potentially dilutive securities are utilized to assess a company's earnings per share fully diluted. Fully diluted earnings per share include all common stock and potentially dilutive securities in circulation.
In summary, Pharoah Inc. is authorized to issue 50 million common shares, and the company has not issued any potentially dilutive securities as of the moment.
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What is meant by the following statement? You are stuck with a
bond discount, but you can never hope to receive the benefits of a
bond premium.
A bond discount occurs when a bond is purchased for less than its face value. This can happen when interest rates have risen since the bond was issued. A bond premium occurs when a bond is purchased for more than its face value. This can happen when interest rates have fallen since the bond was issued.
The statement "You are stuck with a bond discount, but you can never hope to receive the benefits of a bond premium" means that an investor who buys a bond at a discount will never be able to sell it for more than they paid for it.
This is because the bond will always be worth less than its face value due to the discount. However, an investor who buys a bond at a premium may be able to sell it for more than they paid for it.
This is because the bond will always be worth more than its face value due to the premium.
For example, let's say you buy a bond with a face value of $1,000 and a coupon rate of 5%. The bond is currently trading at a discount of $50. This means that you paid $950 for the bond.
When the bond matures, you will receive $1,000 from the issuer. However, you will never be able to sell the bond for more than $950. This is because the bond is always worth less than its face value due to the discount.
Now, let's say you buy a bond with a face value of $1,000 and a coupon rate of 5%. The bond is currently trading at a premium of $50. This means that you paid $1,050 for the bond.
When the bond matures, you will receive $1,000 from the issuer. However, you may be able to sell the bond for more than $1,050. This is because the bond is always worth more than its face value due to the premium.
In general, investors prefer to buy bonds at a premium because they can sell them for a profit. However, investors may also be willing to buy bonds at a discount if they believe that interest rates will fall in the future. This is because the bond will then be worth more than its face value.
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a firm suffering economic losses decides whether or not to produce in the short run on the basis of whether a. revenues from operating are sufficient to cover fixed plus variable costs. b. revenues cover variable costs. c. revenues from operating are sufficient to cover fixed costs. d. firms suffering economic losses will always shut down.
In the short run, a firm suffering economic losses decides whether or not to produce based on whether revenues from operating are sufficient to cover fixed plus variable costs. Option A is the correct answer.
The firm's decision to produce in the short run depends on its ability to cover both fixed and variable costs with its operating revenues. Option A is the correct answer because it considers both fixed and variable costs. If the firm's revenues are enough to cover both fixed costs (such as rent, insurance, and salaries) and variable costs (such as raw materials and labor), then it may choose to continue production despite incurring economic losses.
However, if the firm's revenues only cover variable costs (Option B) or just fixed costs (Option C), it may not be enough to sustain the business and cover all expenses, leading to a decision to shut down operations (Option D). Therefore, Option A is the most comprehensive and accurate choice.
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Which of the following is NOT considered a software threat to security?
worms
spyware
trojan virus
file corruption
Viruses and trojans are common external security threats to organizations and often come in e-mail attachments.
File corruption s NOT considered a software threat to security. Debugging is the process of identifying and fixing defects in computer programmes, software, or systems. It is a crucial step in computer programming and software development.
Software threats are harmful programmes and bits of code that can harm your computer and steal your personal or financial data. Because of this, these harmful programmes are frequently referred to as malware (short for "malicious software").
Malware, social engineering, web application exploits, supply chain assaults, denial of service attacks, and man-in-the-middle attacks are the primary categories of cybersecurity threats that businesses today must deal with. An expression of intent to cause damage or loss to another person is known as a threat.
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Financial institutions in the U.S. economy Suppose Dmitri would like to use $8,000 of his savings to make a financial investment. One way of making a financial investment is to purchase stock or bonds from a private company. Suppose TouchTech, a hand-held computing firm, is selling stocks to raise money for a new lab-a practice known as share of TouchTech stock would give Dmitri ____the firm. In the event that TouchTech runs into financial difficulty, ____will be paid first. Suppose Dmitri decides to buy 100 shares of TouchTech stock. Which of the following statements are correct? Check all that apply. a. The Dow Jones Industrial Average is an example of a stock exchange where he can purchase TouchTech stock. b. Expectations of a recession that will reduce economywide corporate profits will likely cause the value of Dmitri's shares to decline. c. An increase in the perceived profitability of TouchTech will likely cause the value of Dmitri's shares to rise. Alternatively, Dmitri could make a financial investment by purchasing bonds issued by the government of Japan. interest rate Assuming that everything else is equal, a bond issued by a government that is engaged in a civil war most likely pays a than a bond issued by the government of Japan.
a. The Dow Jones Industrial Average is an example of a stock exchange where he can purchase TouchTech stock. (This statement is not correct. The Dow Jones Industrial Average is an index that tracks the performance of 30 large publicly traded companies in the United States, but it is not a stock exchange where individual stocks can be purchased.)
b. Expectations of a recession that will reduce economywide corporate profits will likely cause the value of Dmitri's shares to decline. (This statement is correct. During a recession, corporate profits tend to decline, which can negatively impact the value of stocks, including TouchTech stock.)
c. An increase in the perceived profitability of TouchTech will likely cause the value of Dmitri's shares to rise. (This statement is correct. If TouchTech's profitability increases, it can have a positive impact on the value of its stock, potentially causing the value of Dmitri's shares to rise.)
Regarding the second part of the question:
A bond issued by a government that is engaged in a civil war most likely pays a higher interest rate than a bond issued by the government of Japan. (This statement is generally correct. Governments in countries experiencing civil unrest or instability are considered to have higher default risk, so they need to offer higher interest rates to attract investors to their bonds. On the other hand, the government of Japan, which is considered to have a stable economy and low default risk, can offer lower interest rates on its bonds.)About IndustryIndustry is a field or economic activity related to the processing/manufacturing of raw materials or the manufacture of finished goods in factories using skills and labor and the use of tools in the field of processing agricultural products, and their distribution as the main activity.
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sometimes, advertising tactics can be used to promote public awareness of social issues. in class we viewed some canadian public service announcements that were not accepted to be aired by mainstream television. what was the topic of these psas?
It is also possible that the PSAs addressed lesser-known or niche issues that are often overlooked by mainstream media.
While they may not have been accepted for mainstream television, they can still serve a valuable purpose by being shared online or in alternative media channels to reach a specific target audience and stimulate dialogue around the topics they address.The topic of the Canadian public service announcements (PSAs) that were not accepted to be aired by mainstream television was likely a controversial or sensitive social issue. PSAs are typically created to raise public awareness about various topics, ranging from health and safety issues to environmental concerns or social injustices. However, due to their potential to provoke controversy or discomfort, some PSAs may face resistance from mainstream television networks.The specific topic of the PSAs you viewed in class could vary, as there are numerous social issues that can generate controversy or discomfort. Some common themes explored in PSAs include anti-discrimination campaigns, mental health awareness, substance abuse prevention, sexual assault prevention, climate change, and human rights.
These rejected PSAs often seek to challenge the status quo, provoke critical thinking, and spark conversations about important social issues.
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You were tasked to evaluate an expansion project and you collected the following information: Initial investment is $1.2m. Your annual EBIT is going to be $500,000, which is net of depreciation of $150,000 and before tax, whereby your corporate tax rate is 21%. At the project start, you need to build up net working capital to a level $100,000, and at project end, in 3 years, you will release that net working capital again and you are expected to recover the full $100,000. There are no other salvage value considerations for this project. Assuming a risk-adjusted discount rate of 10%, the net present value of this project equals…
Select one:
a.1,155,669
b.-144,331
c.130,466
d.-44,331
The project should be rejected. Therefore, the correct option is letter b. -144,331.
Evaluation of the expansion project using net present value (NPV) method The net present value (NPV) method of evaluating an expansion project compares the present value of future cash flows generated by the project to the initial investment cost. To arrive at a net present value, the initial investment cost is subtracted from the present value of future cash flows.
A positive net present value indicates that the project is expected to generate sufficient returns to cover the cost of the initial investment and meet the company's required rate of return. While a negative net present value indicates that the project is not expected to be profitable and should be rejected.
Therefore, to calculate the net present value, the following steps are carried out; Calculate the present value of cash inflows from the project Calculate the present value of cash outflows associated with the project Subtract the present value of cash outflows from the present value of cash inflows to determine the net present value (NPV) of the project Now let's apply the steps to the scenario given in the question above.
Present value of cash inflows from the project The annual earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) for the project is $500,000, which is net of depreciation of $150,000 and before tax. Since depreciation is a non-cash expense, it is added back to the EBIT in order to arrive at the cash inflow. This can be calculated as follows: EBITDA = EBIT + Depreciation = $500,000 + $150,000 = $650,000To calculate the cash inflow, we need to subtract the tax rate from the EBITDA and then discount it to the present value using the risk-adjusted discount rate of 10%.Cash inflow = (EBITDA - Tax) / (1 + r)ⁿwhere r is the risk-adjusted discount rate and n is the number of years into the future. The tax rate is 21%, and n is 3 years.
Cash inflow = ($650,000 - 0.21*$650,000) / (1 + 0.1)³= $444,881.24 Present value of cash outflows from the project The initial investment cost for the project is $1.2m. At the project start, net working capital needs to be built up to a level of $100,000, which is part of the initial investment cost. At project end, in 3 years, the net working capital will be released, and the company is expected to recover the full $100,000. Therefore, the only cash outflow from the project is the initial investment cost.
This can be discounted to the present value using the risk-adjusted discount rate of 10%.Present value of cash outflows = Initial investment cost / (1 + r)ⁿ= $1.2m / (1 + 0.1)³= $828,620.69Net present value of the project The net present value of the project is calculated as follows: NPV = Present value of cash inflows - Present value of cash outflows= $444,881.24 - $828,620.69= -$383,739.45 Since the net present value is negative, it indicates that the project is not expected to generate sufficient returns to cover the cost of the initial investment and meet the company's required rate of return. Therefore, the project should be rejected. Therefore, the correct option is letter b. -144,331.
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Scenario and General Fund budgetary journal entries
The scenario: Croton City maintains four governmental-type funds: a General Fund, a Library Special Revenue Fund, a Capital Projects Fund, and a Debt Service Fund.
Croton City started its calendar year 2019 with the following General Fund balances (all numbers are in thousands of dollars).
Debits Credits
Cash $1,800
Property taxes receivable 800
Salaries payable $700
Deferred property tax revenues 300
Unassigned fund balance -
1,600
Totals
$2,600
$2,600
Croton has adopted the following budgetary and accounting policies:
Encumbrance accounting is used only for the acquisition of supplies and for the award of contracts for construction and construction-related activities. Open encumbrances lapse at the end of the year, but are considered in developing the next year's budget.
Because final income tax returns are not required to be filed until April 15 of the year following the end of a calendar year, "available" for income taxes is defined as taxes expected to be collected within 120 days after the end of the calendar year.
Croton allows its employees to accumulate unused vacation days and to receive cash for up to 30 days of unused vacation leave at retirement. Such payments are charged to the department’s appropriation for salaries.
All revenues received by the library from fines, donations, and fundraising events are credited to Revenues—miscellaneous.
General Fund budgetary journal entries: Prepare journal entries to record the following budgetary transactions applicable to the General Fund. Also, prepare an appropriations ledger for the Public safety supplies appropriation. (Because you will need to prepare trial balances for each of the funds for Part D of this problem, it is suggested that you post the opening trial balance and the journal entries to general ledger T accounts.)
Revenues—property taxes $9,000
Revenues—personal income taxes 5,000
Revenues—intergovernmental 1,000
Revenues—recreation fees 600
Appropriations:
Public safety salaries 7,000
Public safety supplies 500
Public works salaries 5,000
Parks salaries 2,300
Transfer to Library Fund 100
Transfer to Debt Service Fund 1,200
The Croton council adopted the following General Fund budget for 2019:
Croton's Public Safety Department placed two purchase orders against its supplies appropriation, one for $300 for firearms and one for $150 for uniforms.
The firearms were received, with an invoice for $330. The purchase order allowed shipment of 10 percent over the amount ordered, so the invoice was approved.
The invoice for firearms was paid.
The Croton Cats won the World Series. To provide more funds for crowd control at the parade, the council increased the Public safety salaries appropriation by $100.
NOTE: Not all of the journal entry rows are needed to record the budget in Ref. 1. Select "No entry" as your answer and leave the Debit and Credit answers blank (zero) for any rows that are not needed.
Budgetary journal entries: Record revenues and appropriations for the General Fund.
Prepare appropriations ledger for Public safety supplies and record transfers to other funds.
The provided scenario presents the budgetary transactions for Croton City's General Fund. Budgetary journal entries:
a) To record property tax revenue:
Debit: Revenues—property taxes $9,000
Credit: Estimated Revenues Control $9,000
b) To record personal income tax revenue:
Debit: Revenues—personal income taxes $5,000
Credit: Estimated Revenues Control $5,000
c) To record intergovernmental revenue:
Debit: Revenues—intergovernmental $1,000
Credit: Estimated Revenues Control $1,000
d) To record recreation fee revenue:
Debit: Revenues—recreation fees $600
Credit: Estimated Revenues Control $600
e) To record appropriations:
Debit: Public safety salaries $7,000
Debit: Public safety supplies $500
Debit: Public works salaries $5,000
Debit: Parks salaries $2,300
Credit: Appropriations Control $14,800
f) To record transfers:
Debit: Transfer Out—Library Fund $100
Debit: Transfer Out—Debt Service Fund $1,200
Credit: Other Financing Sources—Transfers In $1,300
These journal entries and ledger entries help maintain accurate records of budgeted revenues, appropriations, and expenditures, ensuring effective financial management for Croton City's General Fund.
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proper posting
The following information is for Oriole Company: 1 Cash balance per bank, July 31, $6,038, 2. July bank service charge not recorded by the depositor, $27. 3 The bank erroneously charged another compan
This is a summary of the bank reconciliation for Oriole Company as of July 31. The cash balance per bank statement was $6,038. However, there were some adjustments that needed to be made to reflect the true cash balance. First, the bank charged a service fee of $27 that was not recorded by Oriole Company. This reduced the cash balance by $27. Second, the bank made an error and deducted another company's check of $1,200 from Oriole Company's account. This decreased the cash balance by $1,200. Therefore, the adjusted cash balance per bank was $7,265.
About bankBank is an intermediary financial institution that is generally established with the authority to accept deposits, lend money, and issue promissory notes. The word bank comes from the Italian banca which means a place where money is exchanged.
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A firm in a perfectly competitive market has a cost function defined by C = 50+40q+0.5q^2. (Hint: Given this cost function, Marginal Cost = = 40 + q.) Part A: (4 marks) What must the market price be in order for this firm to break even? Part B: (4 marks) Consider a short-run situation where the current market price is $45. (i) What output should the firm produce and what profit/loss does it then make? (2 marks) (ii) Given your answer to Part (i), should this firm continue to produce in the short run? (2 marks)
Part A: To calculate the break-even price, we need to equate total revenue (TR) with total cost (TC), and solve for q where TR = TC. Let's derive the TR and solve it for q.Total Revenue: TR = pqwhere, p is the market price and q is the quantity sold.
Total Cost: TC = C = 50 + 40q + 0.5q^2Thus, Break-Even Quantity is obtained by equating TR = TCp(q) = 50 + 40q + 0.5q^2Substitute the given value of q in this equation. 40 + 0.5q = pHere, the Marginal cost (MC) = 40 + q. Marginal cost is the derivative of the total cost function with respect to the output quantity q.
Break-Even Point: TR = TC45q = 50 + 40q + 0.5q^2Solve for q as a quadratic equation. q = 20Break-even price p = MC = 40 + 20 = $60Part B:(i) To determine profit or loss, we need to compare total revenue with total cost.
At P = $45, we need to find the output level (q) that will yield maximum profit to the firm. Since MC = 40 + q, at P = $45, the optimal output level (q) that maximizes profit is 5. Total Cost is TC = C = 50 + 40(5) + 0.5(5^2) = $225Total Revenue is TR = P * q = 45*5 = $225Profit = TR - TC = $0.
Therefore, the firm breaks even.(ii) Yes, the firm should continue to produce in the short run since it covers all the variable costs, and it's better to produce than to shut down as it can cover some part of the fixed costs.
Since, in this scenario, the price equals the average variable cost, the firm can cover all variable costs but cannot cover any fixed cost. Thus, the decision to shut down the production can be taken if the market price falls below the average variable cost which is 45.
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Because of safety considerations, in May 2021 the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) changed its guide- lines for how small commuter airlines must estimate passenger weights. Under the old rule, airlines used 160 pounds as a typical passenger weight (including carry-on luggage) in warm months. A journal reported that an airline con- ducted a study to estimate average passenger plus carry-on weights. They found an average summer weight of 10aß pounds. Suppose that each of these estimates was based on a random sample of 100 passengers and that the sample standard deviations were 15 pounds for the summer weights. Construct a 95% confidence interval for the mean summer weight (including carry-on luggage) of this airline's pas- sengers. (Show the detailed steps, and round your answer to three decimal places.)
Therefore, the 95% confidence interval for the mean summer weight (including carry-on luggage) of this passengers is (10aß - 2.94, 10aß + 2.94). Hence, the required confidence interval is (10aß - 2.94, 10aß + 2.94).
According to the new rule, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) changed its guidelines for how small commuter airlines must estimate passenger weights, which is due to safety considerations. As per the old rule, airlines used 160 pounds as a typical passenger weight (including carry-on luggage) in warm months.
However, a journal reported that an airline conducted a study to estimate the average passenger plus carry-on weights. They found an average summer weight of 10aß pounds. The airline randomly selected 100 passengers, and the sample standard deviation was found to be 15 pounds for summer weights.
Now, the airline wants to find a 95% confidence interval for the mean summer weight of the airline's passengers (including carry-on luggage).Here, the sample size is 100, and we know the population standard deviation and mean. Therefore, we can use the Z-distribution.
The 95% confidence interval is given as,95% Confidence interval = (¯x - Z(α/2) * σ/√n, ¯x + Z(α/2) * σ/√n)
Where,¯ x = sample mean = 10aßσ = population standard deviation = 15n = sample size = 100Z(α/2) = Z-score for the α/2 level of significance.
The Z(α/2) value can be obtained from the Z-table or calculator.
Z(α/2) = Z(0.025) (from the Z-table)Z(α/2) = 1.96Substituting the given values,95% Confidence interval = (10aß - 1.96 * 15/√100, 10aß + 1.96 * 15/√100)95% Confidence interval = (10aß - 2.94, 10aß + 2.94)
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Which of the following is true of Islamic countries?
A. Their cultures are more homogeneous than that of Western countries.
B. A clear separation of religion and state exists in these countries.
C. Religion is the basis for many legal, as well as ethical, standards in these countries.
D. Trade and commerce with Western countries is usually prohibited in these countries.
Religion is the basis for many legal, as well as ethical, standards in these countries is true of Islamic countries. The correct option is C.
Islamic nations are frequently distinguished by Islam's influence on various facets of society, including the law and morality. These nations legal systems and social norms and practices are significantly influenced by Islamic teachings and principles. Many Islamic nations legal systems are based on Islamic law also known as Sharia which is derived from religious texts.
It is important to keep in mind that different Islamic nations may have different cultural and political traditions, so generalizations may not always hold true. While some Islamic nations might have a more uniform culture others might have a more varied culture. The degree of separation between state and religion can also vary from those with a definite separation to those where religion plays a more significant role in governance. The correct option is C.
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Project A and B are mutually exclusive. Project A has a 5 year life and project B has a 7 year life. The cost of capital for both projects is 10%. The NPV of project A is $13.72 million while the NPV of Project B is $20 million. What is the Equivalent Annual Annuity for Project B?
Main answer:The equivalent annual annuity (EAA) is the uniform annual cash flow that would produce the same net present value (NPV) as the existing investment. The calculation of EAA is quite easy, since it entails dividing the NPV by the present value factor of an annuity. NPV (Net present value) is the total sum of cash flows in the future and present reduced by the opportunity cost (cost of capital).
The cost of capital is used as the discount rate. The EAA of Project B is $3.07 million.Explanation:Given: NPV of Project A is $13.72 million and NPV of Project B is $20 million. The cost of capital for both projects is 10%. The life of project A is 5 years, and that of project B is 7 years.NPV = present value of cash inflows - present value of cash outflowsThe NPV of project A is given as:NPVA = $13.72 millionThe NPV of project B is given as:NPVB = $20 millionTo calculate the EAA of project B,
we can use the following formula:EAA = NPV / Present value factor of annuityEAA = NPV / [(1 - (1 + r)^-n) / r]where r = cost of capital, and n = life of the project.The present value factor of annuity can be calculated as:(1 - (1 + r)^-n) / rwhere r = 10%, and n = 7 yearsPresent value factor of annuity = (1 - (1 + 0.1)^-7) / 0.1 = 4.8689Using this, we can calculate the EAA of project B:EAA = $20 million / 4.8689 = $3.07 millionTherefore, the equivalent annual annuity for Project B is $3.07 million.
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A group of Japanese investors is visiting your office. During a
meeting there is a long period of silence. What should you do?
Answer:
Stay quiet until the silence breaks
Explanation:
Bentz Corporation bought and sold several securities during 2021. Listed below is a summary of the transactions: February 17 Purchased $102,000 of U.S. Treasury 6% bonds at par plus accrued interest of $1,000. The security is to be held for short-term profits. April 10 Purchased 500 shares of Gauges Inc. common stock at $140 per share. This security will be held for an unspecified period of time. Sold 100 shares of Gauges Inc. for $150 per share. August October 5 Sold half of the U.S. Treasury bonds for $51,500 plus accrued interest of $300. Required: Prepare the journal entries for the above transactions.
Here are the journal entries for Bentz Corporation’s transactions during 2021:February 17: Purchased $102,000 of U.S. Treasury 6% bonds at par plus accrued interest of $1,000.
The security is to be held for short-term profits.
Dr. U.S. Treasury Bonds$103,000
Cr. Cash$103,000
April 10: Purchased 500 shares of Gauges Inc. common stock at $140 per share.
This security will be held for an unspecified period of time.Dr. Gauges Inc. common stock$70,000
Cr. Cash$70,000
Sold 100 shares of Gauges Inc. for $150 per share.Dr. Cash$15,000
Cr. Gauges Inc. common stock$14,000
Cr. Gain on sale of stock$1,000
August 5: Sold half of the U.S. Treasury bonds for $51,500 plus accrued interest of $300.
Dr. Cash$51,800
Dr. Loss on sale of securities $200
Cr. U.S. Treasury Bonds $51,500
Gain on sale of stock is calculated as follows:
Purchase price of 100 shares = 100 shares × $140
= $14,000
Sale price of 100 shares = 100 shares × $150
= $15,000
Gain on sale of 100 shares = $15,000 – $14,000
= $1,000
Loss on sale of securities = Proceeds – Cost
= ($51,500 + $300) – (($102,000 + $1,000)/2)
= $52,000 – $51,000
= $200.
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explain two ways that multinational companies (mnc) can do to
minimize the impact of exchange rate swings on their froeign
projects
Multinational companies (MNC) can take various measures to minimize the impact of exchange rate swings on their foreign projects. Here are two ways that they can do so:
1. Currency hedging: Multinational companies can use currency hedging to protect themselves against adverse exchange rate fluctuations. This involves entering into financial contracts that are designed to offset the impact of currency movements.
For instance, if a US-based MNC is worried about the exchange rate of the euro declining and impacting its project in France, it could enter into a currency forward contract that will allow it to purchase euros at a fixed exchange rate in the future. This will protect the company from unfavorable movements in the exchange rate, allowing it to better plan and execute its project.
2. Local Financing: Multinational companies can reduce their exposure to exchange rate risk by borrowing funds locally in the foreign country. This means that they would finance their foreign projects in the currency of the host country rather than in their home currency.
This strategy reduces the risk of exchange rate fluctuations since the company will be repaying its loans in the same currency it borrowed in.
If the exchange rate of the foreign currency increases, the MNC can use the profits generated by the project to pay back the loans in the local currency without incurring foreign exchange losses. This reduces the risk of exchange rate fluctuations and lowers the company's overall exposure to foreign exchange risk.
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Which of the following best describes the concept of materiality in respect to auditing?
Select one:
a. A matter or issue is material if its omission or misstatement would reasonably influence the decision(s) of any addressee of the auditors' report.
b. A matter or issue is material if the auditor and directors both decide further work needs to be completed in the area under examination.
c. A matter or issue is only matter if it changes the audit report.
d. A matter or issue is material only if it affects the directors emoluments (i.e., salary, benefits
The concept of materiality in respect to auditing is best described as a matter or issue being material if its omission or misstatement would reasonably influence the decision(s) of any addressee of the auditor's report. The correct answer is a.
This means that auditors must ensure that the information in the financial statements is accurate and complete so that the users of those financial statements can make informed decisions. In order to do this, auditors use the concept of materiality to help them determine which items are important enough to be included in their audit work.
Materiality is an important concept in auditing because it helps auditors determine which items are important enough to be included in their audit work. It also helps auditors determine the appropriate level of detail to include in their audit work.
Auditors use materiality to help them focus their audit work on the most important items and to help them determine the appropriate level of detail to include in their audit work. If an item is considered material, the auditor will likely perform more detailed audit work on that item than on items that are not considered material.
In general, the concept of materiality helps auditors ensure that they are providing users of the financial statements with accurate and complete information that is relevant to their decision-making. Therefore, The correct answer is a.
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The following data are adapted from the financial statements of
Jim Jim's
Shops, Inc.:
Total Current Assets
$1,050,000
Accumulated Depreciation
2,100,000
Total Liabilities
1,820,000
Preferred Stock
0
Debt Ratio
70%
Current Ratio
1.50
Prepare
Jim'sJim's
condensed balance sheet as of December 31,
20182018.
(Round your answers to the nearest whole dollar.)
Jim's Shops, Inc.
Balance Sheet
December 31, 2018
Assets
Total Current Assets
Plant Assets
Less: Accumulated Depreciation
Total Assets
Liabilities
Total Current Liabilities
Long-term Liabilities
Total Liabilities
Stockholders' Equity
Stockholders' Equity
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
Jim's Shops, Inc. Balance Sheet
December 31, 2018 AssetsTotal Current Assets: $1,050,000
Liabilities Total Current Liabilities: $700,000 Long-term Liabilities: $1,120,000 Total Liabilities: $1,820,000
Jim's Shops, Inc.
Balance Sheet
December 31, 2018
Assets
Total Current Assets: $1,050,000
Plant Assets: (To be calculated)
Less: Accumulated Depreciation: $2,100,000
Total Assets: (To be calculated)
Liabilities
Total Current Liabilities: (To be calculated)
Long-term Liabilities: (To be calculated)
Total Liabilities: $1,820,000
Stockholders' Equity
Stockholders' Equity: (To be calculated)
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity: (To be calculated)
To complete the balance sheet, we need to calculate the following values:
Plant Assets:
Plant Assets = Total Assets - Total Current Assets - Accumulated Depreciation
Since the information provided doesn't include the total assets, we cannot calculate the plant assets.
Total Assets:
Total Assets = Total Current Assets + Plant Assets
As we cannot determine the plant assets, we cannot calculate the total assets.
Total Current Liabilities:
Total Current Liabilities = Total Current Assets / Current Ratio
Total Current Liabilities = $1,050,000 / 1.50
Total Current Liabilities = $700,000
Long-term Liabilities:
Long-term Liabilities = Total Liabilities - Total Current Liabilities
Long-term Liabilities = $1,820,000 - $700,000
Long-term Liabilities = $1,120,000
Stockholders' Equity:
Stockholders' Equity = Total Assets - Total Liabilities
Since we cannot determine the total assets, we cannot calculate the stockholders' equity.
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity:
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity = Total Liabilities + Stockholders' Equity
As we cannot determine the stockholders' equity, we cannot calculate the total liabilities and stockholders' equity.
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An individual reports $200,000 of gross receipts on his personal income tax return. The individual is audited by NYS for income tax purposes. The audit concludes with an assessment alleging that the taxpayer failed to report an additional $55,000 of income. The statute of limitations to assess the taxpayer is:
a. Ten Years
b. Three Years
c. Six Years
d. There is no time limit if a return is not filed
The statute of limitations to assess the taxpayer is Six Years. Thus the correct option is C.
The statute of limitations establishes the time frame in which the taxing authorities may charge a taxpayer with extra taxes. The person allegedly omitted to disclose an extra $55,000 in income despite having declared gross earnings of $200,000 in this case.
The statute of limitations for levying extra taxes in New York State is typically three years from the date the tax return is submitted. The statute of limitations is increased to six years, nevertheless, if a significant amount of revenue is omitted.
Therefore, the appropriate option is C.
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Use the following information for the question(s) below. Market Value Balance Sheet and Cost of Capital for the firm Econtainer Inc. Assets Liabilities Cost of Capital Cash 650 Debt 1050 Debt 3% Other Assets 1200 Equity 800 Equity 15% Corporate Tax: TC 50% The firm has a new project available. New project Free Cash Flows: Year 0 1 Free Cash Flows($445) $552.5 Assume that the new project is of average risk for the firm and that the firm wants to hold constant its D/E ratio. (a) What is the unlevered cost of capital? What is the (post-tax) weighted average cost of capital? [10 marks] [SHOW YOUR WORKING] (b) Should the firm do the project? (Yes/No). How much firm increases in value thanks to the new project? [10 marks] [SHOW YOUR WORKING] (c) What is the debt capacity for the new project in year 0? [10 marks] [SHOW YOUR WORKING]
The debt capacity for the new project in year 0 is $1050 , WACC is 8.01% and Increase in value is $53.5
Unlevered cost of capital is a financial metric that shows the required rate of return of a company without taking into account its financial structure.
Unlevered cost of capital is used to evaluate an investment or a new project.
To calculate the unlevered cost of capital (UCC), we can use the following formula:
UCC = (Cost of equity x Equity / (Equity + Debt)) + (Cost of debt x (1 - TC) x Debt / (Equity + Debt))
Where, Cost of equity = Earnings per share / Current market value per share
Cost of debt = Interest expense / Debt
Equity = Market value of equity
Debt = Market value of debt
TC = Corporate tax rate
Given, Cost of equity = 15%
Equity = 800
Debt = 1050
Cost of debt = 3%
Corporate Tax (TC) = 50%
UCC = (0.15 x 800 / (800 + 1050)) + (0.03 x (1 - 0.5) x 1050 / (800 + 1050))
UCC = 9.74%
Post-tax weighted average cost of capital is a financial metric that takes into account a company's debt and equity to determine the average cost of capital after taxes.
To calculate the post-tax weighted average cost of capital (WACC), we can use the following formula:
WACC = (E / (E + D)) × Re + (D / (E + D)) × Rd × (1 - TC)
Where,E = Equity
D = Debt
Re = Cost of equity
Rd = Cost of debt
TC = Corporate tax rate
Given,E = 800D = 1050
Re = 15%
Rd = 3%
TC = 50%
WACC = (800 / (800 + 1050)) × 15% + (1050 / (800 + 1050)) × 3% × (1 - 0.5)
WACC = 8.01%
The value of a project can be determined by using the present value of the expected future cash flows from the project.
The formula to calculate the present value of cash flows is as follows:
Present value of cash flows = Cash flow / (1 + r)t
Where, r = Discount rate (in decimal)
Cash flow = Cash inflow - Cash outflow
Given,Year 0
Free Cash Flow = ($445) + $552.5
= $107.5
Discount Rate (r) = 8.01%
Year 1 Free Cash Flow = $552.5
PV of cash flows = -107.5 / (1 + 0.0801)0 + 552.5 / (1 + 0.0801)1
PV of cash flows = $498.5
The present value of cash inflows is greater than the present value of cash outflows. Hence the firm should do the project. The increase in value can be calculated as follows:
Increase in value = Present value of cash inflows - Present value of cash outflows
Increase in value = $498.5 - $445
Increase in value = $53.5
To calculate the debt capacity for the new project in year 0, we can use the following formula:
Debt Capacity = Total assets - Equity
Given,Total Assets = $650 + $1200
= $1850
Equity = $800
Debt capacity = $1850 - $800
Debt capacity = $1050
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An electronics company uses the activity-based costing system to ascertain the cost per unit of its tablets. The cost accountant has identified the following three (3) activities and related cost drivers for manufacturing overhead costs. Activity Cost Driver Materials and Handling Number of Materials moves Engineering Engineering change notices Power Kilowatt hours Three (3) types of tablets produced: Tab A35, Gen X20 and Zen G50. The following information concerns each product for the month of June 2019: Tab A35 Gen X20 Zen G50 Direct materials cost $750,000.00 $1,000,000.00 $1,750,000.00 Direct labour cost $390,000.00 $ 310,000.00 $ 280,000.00 Materials moves 1,250.00 1,000.00 750.00 Direct labour hours 1,250.00 250.00 1,000.00 Kilowatt hours 25,000.00 15,000.00 10,000.00 Engineering change notices 275.00 200.00 150.00 Units produced and sold 2,500.00 2,000.00 1,000.00 Overhead manufacturing costs for the month were: Materials Handing $ 900,000.00 Engineering $ 500,000.00 Power $ 920,000.00 Total overhead costs $ 2,320,000.00 Required: a. Calculate the total cost allocated to each product and the cost per unit using the activity-based costing system. (12 marks) b. Assuming that the company used the traditional system and uses a labour hour rate; determine the total cost and the cost per unit allocated to each product. (5 marks) c. In which of the two systems above do you have more confidence? Explain your answer. (3 marks)
a) The total cost allocated to each product and the cost per unit using the activity-based costing system are given in the table below: Products Tab A 35 Gen X 20 Zen G 50 Direct materials cost $750,000.00 $1,000,000.00 $1,750,000.00 Direct labor cost $390,000.00 $310,000.00 $280,000.00 Material moves $187,500.00 $100,000.00 $75,000.00 (Materials moves per unit x cost driver rate)
Direct labor hours $292,500.00 $58,500.00 $234,000.00 (DLH per unit x cost driver rate) Power $460,000.00 $276,000.00 $184,000.00 (Power per unit x cost driver rate) Engineering $137,500.00 $100,000.00 $75,000.00 (ECN per unit x cost driver rate)
Total cost allocated $2,217,500.00 $1,844,500.00 $2,518,000.00 Cost per unit $887.00 $922.25 $2,518.00
Calculation of the cost driver rate for the Material and handling is as follows;
Material and Handling = Total material handling cost / Total Material moves = $900,000/3000 = $300
Materials moves cost per unit for Tab A 35 = 1250 * 300 = $375,000
Materials moves cost per unit for Gen X 20 = 1000 * 300 = $300,000
Materials moves cost per unit for Zen G 50 = 750 * 300 = $225,000
Calculation of the cost driver rate for the Engineering cost is as follows;
Engineering cost = Total Engineering cost / Total Engineering change notices (ECN)
Engineering cost per unit for Tab A 35 = 275 * 1,500 = $412,500
Engineering cost per unit for Gen X 20 = 200 * 1,500 = $300,000
Engineering cost per unit for Zen G 50 = 150 * 1,500 = $225,000
Calculation of the cost driver rate for the Power cost is as follows;
Power cost = Total Power cost / Total Kilowatt hours
Power cost per unit for Tab A 35 = 25,000 * 23.2 = $580,000
Power cost per unit for Gen X 20 = 15,000 * 23.2 = $348,000
Power cost per unit for Zen G 50 = 10,000 * 23.2 = $232,000
b) The cost allocated to each product and the cost per unit using the traditional system are given in the table below:
Product Tab A 35 Gen X 20 Zen G 50 Direct materials cost $750,000.00 $1,000,000.00 $1,750,000.00
Direct labor cost $390,000.00 $310,000.00 $280,000.00
Direct labor hours $292,500.00 $58,500.00 $234,000.00 (DLH per unit x labor rate)
Overhead costs $780,000.00 $624,000.00 $546,000.00 (Overhead rate per DLH x DLH per unit)
Total cost allocated $2,212,500.00 $1,992,500.00 $2,810,000.00 Cost per unit $885.00 $996.25 $2,810.00
c) In the activity-based costing system, more cost pools are created than the traditional system. The cost is allocated based on activities and not on one cost driver. Thus, the activity-based costing system is more reliable than the traditional system.
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Suppose the Chinese subsidiary of an MNC uses capital structure that differs substantially from the MNC's optimal capital structure. Provide justification for the Chinese subsidiary to be financed using local debt. Would the differing capital structure decisions prevent the MNC from enhancing its shareholders' wealth?
The Chinese subsidiary of an MNC may choose to finance itself with local debt if its optimal capital structure differs significantly from that of the MNC. This could be due to a variety of reasons, including differences in regulations, currency exchange rates, and local market conditions.
Local debt financing may help the subsidiary reduce its cost of capital and optimize its capital structure, resulting in better returns for its shareholders. However, the use of differing capital structure decisions does not necessarily prevent the MNC from enhancing its shareholders' wealth. The MNC can still benefit from the subsidiary's operations by receiving dividends and capital gains from its investment.
In conclusion, the Chinese subsidiary of an MNC may use local debt to finance itself if it differs significantly from the MNC's optimal capital structure. This can be justified by local market conditions and regulations.
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Question Seth and Sara Moore are married taxpayers with a 35% marginal income tax rate. During the current year, they earned $10,000 interest on a bond investment. Seth and Sara have five minor children. Seth and Sara transfer the bond investment into a trust so that each child is taxed on $2,000 interest income as a beneficiary.
1. What was the yearly tax on the interest prior to the transfer?
If Seth and Sara Moore are married taxpayers with a 35% marginal income tax rate, the yearly tax on the interest prior to the transfer was $3,500.
Prior to the transfer of the bond investment into the trust, Seth and Sara Moore earned $10,000 in interest income. Since they are married taxpayers with a marginal income tax rate of 35%, their tax liability on this interest income can be calculated by multiplying the interest income by the tax rate:
Tax on Interest = Interest Income * Tax Rate
Tax on Interest = $10,000 * 0.35
Tax on Interest = $3,500
The tax liability is determined based on the interest income and the applicable tax rate. In this case, Seth and Sara's marginal tax rate is 35%, so they would owe 35% of their interest income as taxes.
Transferring the bond investment into the trust and allocating $2,000 interest income to each child is a separate tax planning strategy, and the tax implications of the trust and the children's tax liabilities would need to be considered separately.
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Gamma Petroleum made the following transactions, all relating to one lease: a. On March 10, 2017, Gamma Petroleum paid delinquent property taxes of $4,000 on an undeveloped lease. Assume that these taxes are recoverable out of future delay rental or royalty payments. Give the entry to record payment. b. On February 15, 2018, a delay rental payment of $1,000 is due. Determine the amount of cash actually paid and give the entry to record payment. c. On July 21, 2018, Gamma Petroleum decided to surrender the lease. Give the entry to record abandonment with respect to the delinquent property taxes. Ignore acquisition costs of the property. d. Assume instead that the $4,000 payment of delinquent taxes was not recoverable and was made at the time Gamma Petroleum was acquiring the lease. Give the entry to record the payment. e. Assume instead that the $4,000 payment was not recoverable and was made by Gamma Petroleum six months after acquiring the lease in order to protect Gamma's investment.
REQUIRED: Give the entry to record the payments.
On March 10, 2017, the payment made by Gamma Petroleum to pay the delinquent property taxes of $4,000 on an undeveloped lease can be recorded with the following journal entry
Dr. Property tax expense - $4,000
Cr. Cash - $4,000b.
On February 15, 2018, Gamma Petroleum owes a delay rental payment of $1,000.
The entry to record payment is:
Dr. Lease expense - $1,000
Cr. Cash - $1,000c.
On July 21, 2018, Gamma Petroleum has decided to abandon the lease and abandon the delinquent property taxes.
To record the abandonment with respect to the delinquent property taxes, the following entry will be made:
Dr. Property tax expense - $4,000
Cr. Lease liability - $4,000
In this case, the $4,000 payment of delinquent taxes is not recoverable and was made at the time Gamma Petroleum acquired the lease. To record the payment, the following entry will be made:
Dr. Property tax expense - $4,000
Cr. Cash - $4,000e.
If the $4,000 payment was not recoverable and was made by Gamma Petroleum six months after acquiring the lease to protect the company's investment, the following entry will be made:
Dr. Property tax expense - $4,000
Cr. Cash - $4,000
Note: In all entries above, I have assumed that no acquisition costs have been incurred by Gamma Petroleum for acquiring the lease.
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Velocity Automobiles Inc. has recently launched a sedan with a biometric vehicle access lock. This feature provides better anti-theft protection than the current locks being offered by other sedans in its class. As a result, the demand for this model is higher than the others. In the context of a promotional strategy, the unique feature of the sedan exemplifies _____.
a.
a touch point
b.
brand harmonization
c.
a competitive advantage
d.
product parity
In the context of a promotional strategy, the unique feature of the sedan exemplifies product parity.Product parity is when there is little or no difference between two or more products, services, or brands.
It refers to a state where competing goods or services have no significant advantage over each other. There are different reasons why there may be product parity, including quality, price, and features.A unique feature of the sedan can be seen as an example of product parity because it differentiates the car from other brands in the same class. It means that it sets it apart from its competitors, even if just for the one unique feature. The car offers something extra or different to potential customers that other brands do not have, and it is expected to influence their purchasing decision positively. The unique feature makes it the preferred choice, leading to an increase in demand compared to others in its class. Hence, the sedan with the biometric vehicle access lock has a competitive advantage over its competitors due to its unique feature, and this feature can be considered as a selling point in the promotional strategy.For such more question on biometric
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Voucher system and control of cash payments LO P1 Determine whether each cash payment procedure is an internal control strength or weakness. Cash payments strength or weakness. 1. In the voucher system, the company's accounting department requests purchases of inventory and records the transaction 2. The owner of a small business has authority to write and sign checks 3. Requesting and receiving merchandise is handled by the same department. 4. Only authorized departments and individuals can incur liabilities 5. A voucher system is used for all payments of liabilities 6. To save time, all departments are allowed to incur liabilities.
Strengths of internal control include the use of a voucher system, authorization of liabilities, and limiting access to authorized departments and individuals. Weaknesses include lack of segregation of duties and potential lack of control over expenditures.
Here is an assessment of each cash payment procedure in terms of internal control strength or weakness:
In the voucher system, the company's accounting department requests purchases of inventory and records the transaction.
Strength: This is a strength of internal control as it establishes a proper process where the accounting department initiates and records inventory purchases. It helps ensure that all purchases are authorized and recorded accurately.
The owner of a small business has authority to write and sign checks.
Weakness: This is a weakness of internal control as it lacks segregation of duties. Ideally, the owner should not have complete control over check writing and signing to prevent potential misuse or fraud. It is recommended to have a separate individual involved in the authorization and signing of checks.
Requesting and receiving merchandise is handled by the same department.
Weakness: This is a weakness of internal control as it lacks segregation of duties. Separating the responsibilities of requesting and receiving merchandise helps prevent potential fraud or errors by ensuring that multiple individuals are involved in the process.
Only authorized departments and individuals can incur liabilities.
Strength: This is a strength of internal control as it ensures that liabilities can only be incurred by authorized departments and individuals. It helps prevent unauthorized spending and ensures accountability.
A voucher system is used for all payments of liabilities.
Strength: This is a strength of internal control as a voucher system provides a documented approval process for payments, ensuring that all liabilities are properly authorized before payment is made.
To save time, all departments are allowed to incur liabilities.
Weakness: This is a weakness of internal control as it lacks proper authorization and control. Allowing all departments to incur liabilities without a centralized approval process increases the risk of unauthorized or unnecessary spending.
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Question 1:
Take the case of Morocco and discuss its comparative advantage in producing some specific products.
Use all the concepts discussed in chapter 2 to support your answers; (you can use graphs as well)
Morocco possesses several comparative advantages that contribute to its ability to produce specific products. Comparative advantage refers to a country's ability to produce a particular good or service at a lower opportunity cost compared to other countries. In the case of Morocco, some specific products and sectors where it demonstrates comparative advantage are as follows:
Agricultural Products:
Morocco has a favorable climate and suitable agricultural land for producing various agricultural products. It has a comparative advantage in the production of citrus fruits, such as oranges and clementines, due to its Mediterranean climate. The country is one of the largest exporters of citrus fruits globally. Additionally, Morocco is known for its production of other agricultural goods like olives, dates, and vegetables.
Textiles and Apparel:
Morocco has developed a strong textile and apparel industry, which benefits from its comparative advantages in terms of labor and proximity to major markets. The country offers competitive labor costs compared to European counterparts, making it an attractive destination for outsourcing textile and apparel manufacturing. Furthermore, Morocco benefits from preferential trade agreements, such as the Euro-Mediterranean Agreement with the European Union, which provides tariff preferences, facilitating access to the European market.
Phosphates and Chemicals:
Morocco possesses significant reserves of phosphates, a crucial raw material for fertilizer production. It is one of the world's largest exporters of phosphates and derivatives. The country's comparative advantage lies in its abundant phosphate reserves, which provide a low-cost input for the production of fertilizers, contributing to its competitiveness in the global market.
Tourism:
Morocco's geographical location, diverse landscapes, and rich cultural heritage make it an attractive tourist destination. The country offers a unique blend of historical sites, such as the ancient city of Marrakech and the coastal city of Essaouira, as well as natural attractions like the Atlas Mountains and the Sahara Desert. Morocco's comparative advantage in tourism stems from its natural and cultural resources, which enable it to offer a distinct experience to visitors.
Graphically representing comparative advantage:
To demonstrate comparative advantage, we can use production possibility frontiers (PPFs) and opportunity cost analysis. Let's consider a hypothetical scenario where Morocco and another country, Country X, can produce two goods: agricultural products (A) and textiles (T).
Assuming both countries have the same amount of resources, the slope of each country's PPF represents the opportunity cost of producing one good in terms of the other. The country with a flatter slope (lower opportunity cost) has a comparative advantage in the production of that good.
If Morocco has a flatter slope for agricultural products (A) compared to Country X, it implies that Morocco can produce agricultural products at a lower opportunity cost relative to textiles. This indicates Morocco's comparative advantage in agricultural products. Conversely, if Country X has a flatter slope for textiles (T) compared to Morocco, it suggests Country X's comparative advantage in textiles.
By leveraging its comparative advantages, Morocco can specialize in the production of these specific goods and allocate its resources more efficiently. This specialization can lead to increased productivity, export competitiveness, and economic growth.
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Explanation:
Sheridan Ltd. incurs these expenditures in purchasing a truck: invoice price $44,560; installation of a trailer hitch $1,100; one-year accident insurance policy $827; motor vehicle licence $155; painting and lettering $820. What is the cost of the truck?
If invoice price $44,560, installation of a trailer hitch $1,100, one-year accident insurance policy $827, the cost of the truck for Sheridan Ltd. is $47,462.
The cost of the truck can be determined by adding up all the expenditures incurred in its purchase. In this case, Sheridan Ltd. has several expenditures related to the truck purchase:
Invoice price: $44,560
Installation of a trailer hitch: $1,100
One-year accident insurance policy: $827
Motor vehicle license: $155
Painting and lettering: $820
To calculate the cost of the truck, we simply add up all these expenditures:
Cost of the truck = Invoice price + Trailer hitch installation + Accident insurance + Motor vehicle license + Painting and lettering
Cost of the truck = $44,560 + $1,100 + $827 + $155 + $820
Cost of the truck = $47,462
By summing up all the expenses associated with purchasing the truck, we can determine the total cost incurred by Sheridan Ltd. This includes the initial invoice price of the truck, as well as additional expenses such as installation, insurance, license, and any other costs involved in preparing the truck for use.
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Lewis Mumford, one of the prominent historians of technology, once wrote that from late the Neolithic Era (roughly 2000 BCE), "right down to our own day, two technologies have recurrently existed side by side: one authoritarian, the other democratic, the first system-centered, immensely powerful, but inherently unstable, the other man-centered, relatively weak, but resourceful and durable." Langdon Winner uses this as his starting point to discuss the politics of technology and argues that technologies affect the "relative distribution of power, authority, and privilege." In your post for this discussion, please respond to the following questions:
Do you agree or disagree and why? Please give specifics to backup your assertions.
Do you think that artifacts, or technologies, have politics and are some these necessarily democratic or totalitarian?
Can you give any specific examples similar to the ones used by Winner; i.e., the tomato harvester and the bridges built by Robert Moses.
The relationship between technology and politics is complex and multifaceted. While technologies themselves may not possess inherent political qualities, their design, implementation, and use can have significant political implications. The extent to which technologies are democratic or totalitarian depends on how they are deployed and the social contexts in which they operate.
1. Agreement or disagreement with Lewis Mumford and Langdon Winner:
The statement made by Lewis Mumford and further discussed by Langdon Winner suggests that technologies can have political implications and impact the distribution of power, authority, and privilege. This viewpoint emphasizes the relationship between technology and social structures. Whether one agrees or disagrees with this perspective depends on their interpretation of the role and influence of technology in society.
Those who agree may argue that technologies are not neutral but embedded within social, cultural, and economic contexts. They can shape and be shaped by power structures and can reinforce or challenge existing systems of authority and control. They may point to examples like the internet, which has the potential to democratize access to information and communication, but also raises concerns about surveillance and control.
Those who disagree may argue that technologies themselves are neutral tools, and it is the way they are developed, implemented, and regulated that determines their impact on power dynamics. They may emphasize that the political implications of technology arise from human choices and actions, rather than inherent qualities of the technologies themselves.
2. The politics of artifacts/technologies:
The concept that artifacts or technologies have politics suggests that they can embody certain values, ideologies, or power relations. The design, use, and distribution of technologies can influence social relations and the allocation of resources and benefits. Some technologies may facilitate democratic participation, empower individuals, or challenge existing hierarchies, while others may enable surveillance, control, or concentration of power.
It is important to note that the political nature of technologies is not inherent or fixed but emerges from their interaction with social contexts and human agency. Technologies can be appropriated, repurposed, or contested in different ways, leading to diverse outcomes and interpretations.
3. Specific examples:
Langdon Winner's examples of the tomato harvester and the bridges built by Robert Moses are often cited to illustrate the political dimensions of technology.
The tomato harvester exemplifies how the adoption of labor-saving technologies in agriculture can have both positive and negative consequences. While the technology increased productivity and reduced labor requirements, it also led to job displacement and socioeconomic changes in farming communities. The political implications of this technology relate to the distribution of power and resources among different stakeholders.
The bridges built by Robert Moses in New York City are often seen as symbolic of the power dynamics associated with urban planning and infrastructure development. Moses' approach favored the automobile-centric model, resulting in the displacement of communities, segregation, and unequal access to resources. This example highlights how the design and implementation of technological systems can shape social and political realities.
These examples demonstrate that the impact of technologies is shaped by political decisions, social contexts, and power dynamics. They illustrate how technologies can reinforce or challenge existing structures of authority and privilege.
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