The two managerial functions that utilize quantitative management the most are b. controlling and planning. For first-line managers, the most important skills are b. technical skills.
Quantitative management involves the use of data and numerical analysis to make decisions and monitor performance. Controlling requires managers to measure and compare actual performance against set goals using quantitative measures. Planning, on the other hand, involves setting objectives and determining the best course of action, often utilizing quantitative techniques like forecasting and budgeting.
Thus,the two managerial functions that utilize quantitative management the most are b. controlling and planning.
For first-line managers, the most important skills are b. technical skills. First-line managers are responsible for supervising employees and ensuring that tasks are performed effectively and efficiently. They need to have a good understanding of the technical aspects of their job and be able to guide and train their subordinates in these areas.
While conceptual, functional, operational, and diagnostic skills are also important for managers at different levels, technical skills are particularly critical for first-line managers to ensure smooth operations and achieve organizational goals.
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You go to a movie theater and want to order popcorn, but aren't sure about which size to get. The small popcorn is $5, the medium is $8 and the large is $9. If the movie theater wants you to buy the large popcom, then the medium is the decoy. a)False, there is no decoy size since all popcorn sizes will be purchased by different people. b)False, the small size is the decoy since it is the cheapest c)True, the medium is almost the same price, so the large seems like a better deal by comparison d)False, the medium popcom is the anchor price. 2)Consider the market for Cell Phones. If the cell phone factories are damaged in an earthquake and cannot produce as many phones, this will cause a , and prices will a)Movement along the supply curve; decrease b)Movement along the supply curve: increase c)Shift supply to the right; decrease d)Shift supply to the left increase
1) The correct answer is c) Shift supply
True, the medium is almost the same price, so the large seems like a better deal by comparison.
In this scenario, the movie theater wants customers to purchase the large popcorn. By offering a medium size that is priced very close to the large size, they create a decoy effect. The medium size serves as a reference point or anchor price, making the large size appear more appealing in comparison. The small size, being significantly cheaper, does not act as a decoy in this case.
When customers see the prices of the small, medium, and large popcorn, they are likely to compare the medium and large sizes. Since the price difference between the medium and large is relatively small, the large size appears to be a better value for just a slightly higher cost. This strategy can encourage customers to choose the large popcorn, even if they initially intended to buy the medium or small size.
2) If the cell phone factories are damaged in an earthquake and cannot produce as many phones, this will cause a shift in supply to the left and prices will increase.
The damage to the cell phone factories due to the earthquake disrupts the production capacity, leading to a decrease in the quantity of cell phones supplied in the market. As a result, the supply curve shifts to the left. With a reduced supply, the market experiences a shortage of cell phones, leading to an increase in prices.
As the supply curve shifts leftward, the equilibrium price and quantity change. The new equilibrium price will be higher than before the earthquake, reflecting the limited availability of cell phones. Additionally, the equilibrium quantity will decrease, as fewer phones can be produced and supplied to the market.
Overall, the earthquake-induced damage to cell phone factories reduces the supply of phones, causing prices to rise and creating a shortage in the market.
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Empire Catering completed the following transactions during January 20X1: - Jan 1: Prepaid rent for three months, $210 - Jan 5: Received and paid electricity bill, $15 - Jan 9: Served meals to customers and received cash, $200 - Jan 14: Paid for kitchen equipment, $205 - Jan 23: Served a banquet on account, $75 - Jan 31: Made the adjusting entry for rent (from Jan 1) - Jan 31: Recorded depreciation for January on kitchen equipment, \$25. How much net income should Empire report for January if the Company uses: (i) cash-based accounting and (ii) accrual accounting? (i) −$20; (ii) −$40 (i) −$20; (ii) $190. (i) −$230; (ii) $165. (i) −$230; (ii) $260. None of the above.
Under cash-based accounting, the net income is $20, whereas accrual-based accounting shows a loss of $180. As a result, (i) and None of the Above are respectively the proper choices.
Given
Jan 1: Prepaid rent for three months, $210 - Jan 5: Received and paid electricity bill, $15 - Jan 9: Served meals to customers and received cash, $200 - Jan 14: Paid for kitchen equipment, $205 - Jan 23: Served a banquet on account, $75 - Jan 31: Made the adjusting entry for rent (from Jan 1) - Jan 31: Recorded depreciation for January on kitchen equipment, \$25.
Required to calculate i) Cash-Based Accounting ii) Accrual Accounting
(i) Cash-Based Accounting:
In cash-based accounting, revenue and expenses are recognized only when cash is received or paid.
Revenues:
Jan 9: Served meals to customers and received cash, $200
Total Revenues: $200
Expenses:
Jan 5: Received and paid electricity bill, $15
Jan 14: Paid for kitchen equipment, $205
Total Expenses: $220
Net Income (Revenues - Expenses): $200 - $220 = -$20
(ii) Accrual Accounting:
In accrual accounting, revenues and expenses are recognized when they are earned or incurred, regardless of the actual cash flow.
Revenues:
Jan 9: Served meals to customers and received cash, $200
Jan 23: Served a banquet on account, $75
Total Revenues: $200 + $75 = $275
Expenses:
Jan 5: Received and paid electricity bill, $15
Jan 14: Paid for kitchen equipment, $205
Jan 31: Recorded depreciation for January on kitchen equipment, $25
Jan 31: Made the adjusting entry for rent (from Jan 1), $210 (Recognized as an expense in accrual accounting)
Total Expenses: $15 + $205 + $25 + $210 = $455
Net Income (Revenues - Expenses): $275 - $455 = -$180
Thus, the net income under cash-based accounting -is $20, and under accrual-based accounting is -$180.
Therefore, the correct option is (i) and none of the above respectively.
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IN activity−based costing systems, the system first accumulates indirect costs for ________, and then assigns these costs to ________.
A.
activities; cost objects
B.
cost objects; types of customers
C.
products; departments
D.
products; territories
In activity−based costing systems, the system first accumulates indirect costs for activities and then assigns these costs to cost objects. Here option A is the correct answer.
ABC recognizes that indirect costs are not incurred uniformly across all cost objects and that different activities consume different amounts of resources.
The first step in an ABC system involves accumulating indirect costs for various activities. These activities are the specific tasks or processes that consume resources within an organization.
Examples of activities may include machine setup, quality inspections, or product design. Indirect costs, also known as overhead costs, are those costs that cannot be easily traced to a specific cost object.
Once the indirect costs are accumulated for each activity, the next step is to assign these costs to the appropriate cost objects. Cost objects can include products, services, customers, or any other unit of analysis for which cost information is desired.
By linking activities to cost objects, ABC provides a more accurate and detailed understanding of the costs associated with producing specific products or serving particular customers. Therefore costing systems
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Yesterday, you entered into a futures contract to buy €62,500 at $1. 60/€. Your initial margin was $4000. Your maintenance margin is $2,500. At what settle price do you get a margin call?
You will receive a margin call if the settle price drops below $1.5625/€. To determine the settle price at which you receive a margin call, we need to calculate the minimum value of the contract that triggers the margin call.
The minimum value that triggers a margin call is when your equity (the value of the contract) is equal to the maintenance margin. The equity is calculated as the difference between the contract value and the initial margin.
Initial contract value = €62,500 * $1.60/€ = $100,000
Equity = Initial contract value - Initial margin = $100,000 - $4,000 = $96,000
The minimum value triggering a margin call is when the equity reaches the maintenance margin of $2,500.
Equity = Minimum value triggering margin call - Initial margin
$96,000 = Minimum value triggering margin call - $4,000
Minimum value triggering margin call = $96,000 + $4,000 = $100,000
To find the settle price, we divide the minimum value triggering the margin call by the contract amount in euros:
Settle price = Minimum value triggering margin call / €62,500
Settle price = $100,000 / €62,500 = $1.60/€
Therefore, if the settle price drops below $1.5625/€, you will receive a margin call.
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You may consider franchising your business at some point. Discuss with justification, the type and model of franchise that your business will enter into. (Online Pharmacy)
- Discuss some of the ethical dilemmas that your business might be faced with in a pharmaceutical market. Look at your specific industry (pharmaceutical market) and review some news articles in the near past
A possible franchising model for an online pharmacy could be the "Master Franchise" or "Regional Franchise" approach, allowing for expansion and localized control.
In this model, the franchisor would grant exclusive rights to a franchisee to operate and expand the business within a specific region.
The franchisee would then be responsible for establishing and managing multiple individual online pharmacy outlets within that region. This model allows for rapid expansion and localized control over operations.
In terms of ethical dilemmas, the pharmaceutical market faces several challenges. One of the primary concerns is the issue of counterfeit or substandard medications being sold online.
Online pharmacies need to ensure strict quality control measures to safeguard the health and safety of their customers. Privacy and data security are also significant ethical considerations, as online pharmacies collect sensitive personal information that needs to be protected.
Additionally, there are concerns regarding the responsible sale and distribution of prescription medications. Online pharmacies must comply with regulations and ensure that prescriptions are valid and dispensed only to individuals who have a legitimate need for the medication.
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Which of the following is an effective response to children's art? present one model intervene when children seem stalled or frustrated emphasize technical ability recognize that the child tried hard and accept slapdash work
An effective response to children's art includes all of the following except, emphasize technical ability.
What is Art?Art is a physical and visual expression of our emotions, ideas, and thoughts. We make Art to communicate with others, to challenge ourselves, and to preserve moments of beauty in our world.
Effective response to children's art
The most successful approach to responding to children's artwork is to encourage them to pursue their own interests while also teaching them new skills and techniques.
Encourage kids to talk about their work and how it made them feel, rather than relying solely on an aesthetic evaluation.
Here are some examples of effective responses to children's artwork:
1. Present one modelIt is beneficial to present a single model that will inspire children to develop their own unique style. Rather than copying the model precisely, kids can use the model as a jumping-off point for their own imaginative art.
2. Intervene when children seem stalled or frustrated
When a child appears to be stuck or frustrated, offer a gentle suggestion or provide assistance. Rather than drawing the image for them, use leading questions to assist them in discovering the solution themselves.
3. Recognize that the child tried hard and accept slapdash work
Even if the final product appears slapdash, children put in considerable effort to make it look the way it does. In such circumstances, it is critical to appreciate the effort put into the project rather than the final product's aesthetic.
4. Emphasize technical ability
Rather than emphasizing the technical aspects of the artwork, focus on the child's imagination and emotional intent behind the art.
It will enable children to develop their own unique style without feeling pressured to adhere to conventional artistic norms.
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ow do you evaluate training and HRD?
What measures can be used to evaluate training?
Is there one best way to evaluate training?
What should be considered as one prepares to evaluate HRD?
What are the ethical issues involved in evaluating HRD?
How can the value of HRD be expressed in terms of costs and benefits, or dollars and cents?
What is meant by effectiveness?
Is it the same thing as efficiency?
How is effectiveness measured?
What is the purpose of determining effectiveness?
That is, what decisions are made after a program is judged effective or ineffective?
1. The evaluation of training and HRD can be accomplished through various ways and measures such as evaluation through testing, performance, and participation.
2. The following measures can be used to evaluate training: Pre- and post-training performance evaluation.
Participant’s feedback on the training program.
Self-assessment of the participants.
Instructor’s evaluation of the participant’s performance.
3. There is no one best way to evaluate training since each training session is unique and the evaluation should cater to its particular needs.
4. One of the major considerations that should be considered while evaluating HRD is the relevance and appropriateness of the training program.
5. The ethical issues involved in evaluating HRD can include confidentiality, providing fair and honest feedback, and ensuring the well-being of participants.
6. The value of HRD can be expressed in terms of cost and benefit analysis, by assessing the ROI (Return on Investment) or cost-benefit ratio.
7. Effectiveness is different from efficiency. Effectiveness measures how well a program is able to achieve its goals, while efficiency measures how well the resources used by the program were utilized.
Effectiveness is measured by comparing the results to the desired goals and objectives, while efficiency is measured by comparing the actual cost of resources used to the estimated cost.
8. The purpose of determining effectiveness is to assess whether the training program was able to achieve its goals and objectives.
9. If the program is judged to be effective, then it can be continued or expanded. If it is ineffective, then changes can be made to improve the program.
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The foliowing transactions were cornpleted during the month: 1. Esved commonstock for $25,900cash. 2. Obtained a bark loan for $7,600 by issuing a note pwyable. 3. Paid $11,900 cash to buy equipment: 4. Paid $1.300eanh for April athce rent. 5. Paid \$1.550 for suppliec. 6. Purchased $650 of advertising in the Daily Heraid, on arcount. kuvtomiers on account: a. Paid 3439 castr diviatend to tookideler. 9. Prid the utility bill for the mont 52,160 10. Paie Baic Heratr the amout due intramaction (8). 12. Poid emploress ularets. $6,710. 14. Poid wenne an \$1.62]
Issued common stock for $25,900 cash. Obtained a bank loan by issuing a note payable for $7,600. Paid $11,900 cash to buy equipment. Paid $1,300 cash for April's rent. Paid $1,550 for supplies. Purchased $650 of advertising in the Daily Herald on account. Received $439 cash dividend from stockholders. Paid utility bill of $2,160. Paid Basic Herald the amount due from transaction (6). Paid employees' salaries of $6,710. Paid $1,620 for wages.
The transaction is straightforward. The company issued common stock and received $25,900 in cash.
The company obtained a bank loan by issuing a note payable. The amount of the loan is $7,600.
The company paid $11,900 in cash to purchase equipment.
The company paid $1,300 in cash for April's rent.
The company paid $1,550 for supplies.
The company purchased advertising worth $650 in the Daily Herald on account. This means they didn't make the payment immediately but will do so later.
The company received a cash dividend of $439 from stockholders.
The company paid a utility bill of $2,160.
The company paid Basic Herald the amount due from the transaction (6), which was $650.
The company paid employees' salaries amounting to $6,710.
The company paid $1,620 for wages.
The transactions completed during the month include various cash payments, stock issuances, purchases, and bill payments. The company obtained a bank loan, purchased equipment and supplies, and made payments for rent, advertising, dividends, utilities, salaries, and wages. These transactions reflect the financial activities of the company during the given period.
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a. A non-current asset, an intangible non-current asset, a class of non-current assets and amortisation of this class of asset. b. The prudence convention applied in valuation of the inventory as required under MFRS 102, Inventories.
a. Non-current assets include property, plant, and equipment, intangible assets, and long-term investments, while intangible non-current assets lack physical substance but hold value, such as patents and trademarks.
b. The prudence convention values inventories at the lower of cost or net realizable value, ensuring a conservative approach by recognizing potential risks and uncertainties in inventory valuation.
a.
- A non-current asset refers to an asset that is expected to provide economic benefits to a company for more than one year. Examples of non-current assets include property, plant, and equipment (PPE), intangible assets, and long-term investments.
- An intangible non-current asset refers to an asset that lacks physical substance but has value to a company. Examples of intangible non-current assets include patents, trademarks, copyrights, and goodwill.
- A class of non-current assets refers to a group or category of similar non-current assets. For example, a company may have a class of non-current assets called "Property, Plant, and Equipment" which includes land, buildings, machinery, and vehicles.
- Amortization is the process of allocating the cost of an intangible non-current asset over its useful life. It is similar to depreciation for tangible non-current assets. Amortization expense is recognized in the financial statements to reflect the gradual consumption or expiration of the intangible asset's value. The useful life and amortization method for an intangible asset are determined based on factors such as legal or contractual terms, expected future benefits, and industry practices.
b.
The prudence convention, as required under MFRS 102 (Malaysian Financial Reporting Standards), relates to the valuation of inventories. It states that inventories should be valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value. This means that if the cost of inventory is higher than its net realizable value (the estimated selling price less estimated costs to complete and sell), the inventory should be written down to its net realizable value.
The application of the prudence convention ensures that inventories are not overstated in the financial statements. It reflects a conservative approach to valuing inventories, considering the potential risks and uncertainties in realizing their full value.
For example, if the cost of inventory is $10,000, but its net realizable value is estimated to be $8,000, the inventory should be valued at $8,000 in accordance with the prudence convention. This ensures that the financial statements provide a more conservative and realistic representation of the company's assets and financial position.
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The _________ must also be aligned with the organization's core values: the principles that are important as it carries out its mission and vision.
QUESTION 9
Why are value statements important for a firm?
They demonstrate to their employees and other stakeholders the important principles that the organization lives by.
They show customers and potential customers what the firm stands for.
Some customers may choose a company based on how its values resonate with theirs.
All the above.
QUESTION 10
An organization should seriously consider its values statement when developing its strategies and goals. If a potential strategy conflicts with one of its values, they need to drop or ________that strategy to ensure the company conforms to their corporate values as they move their organization forward.
All the above.
Value statements are important for a firm because they serve multiple purposes. Firstly, they demonstrate to employees and other stakeholders the important principles that the organization lives by. This helps in aligning everyone's actions and behaviors with the organization's core values, fostering a sense of unity and shared purpose.
Secondly, value statements show customers and potential customers what the firm stands for. In a competitive market, customers often seek out companies whose values align with their own. By clearly communicating its values, a firm can attract customers who resonate with those principles, thus establishing a stronger connection and fostering customer loyalty.
QUESTION 10
An organization should seriously consider its values statement when developing its strategies and goals. If a potential strategy conflicts with one of its values, they need to drop or modify that strategy to ensure the company conforms to its corporate values as it moves the organization forward.
By aligning strategies and goals with the organization's values, a company ensures consistency and integrity in its actions. If a strategy conflicts with a core value, it can lead to ethical dilemmas, reputational damage, and internal conflicts. Dropping or modifying such a strategy is crucial to maintaining the organization's commitment to its values and preserving trust with stakeholders. This proactive approach helps the company remain true to its principles while driving its growth and success.
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One of the difficulties the government faces when privatizing a common resource is:
figuring out who owns what, when many people are using the resource.
All of these are true.
that the more users there are, the harder it is to accomplish.
deciding which individuals will have to decrease their consumption.
Privatization is the process of transferring ownership and control of government assets, resources, or services to the private sector. When privatizing common resources, the government faces several challenges, one of which is figuring out who owns what when many people are using the resource.
The government must determine how to allocate resources to each user, and this is challenging when there are many users because each one will have different needs and objectives. For example, when water is privatized, the government must determine who owns the water sources and how much water each person is allowed to use. It is particularly challenging when some users are consuming more than others.
To make the process of privatization successful, the government must figure out a way to allocate resources fairly and efficiently.The more users there are, the harder it is to accomplish the goal. Additionally, deciding which individuals will have to decrease their consumption is another difficulty. Many people may resist changes in their consumption patterns or may have different needs than others.
As a result, finding a solution that satisfies everyone can be difficult. When it comes to privatization, the government must balance the need for economic growth with social responsibility and make sure that everyone's needs are met. In conclusion, all the options are true. Privatization of common resources requires the government to figure out who owns what when many people are using the resource.
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Why is a classified stock used by companies? What is meant by intrinsic value? Which is more important intrinsic value or market value? What are the things that affect a company's value? Why do companies pay dividends? Who determines how much and whether or not dividends are paid? What effect does dividends have of the stock? What is a preferred stock? How is it different from a common stock?
Companies use classified stock for various reasons. One such reason is that classified stock allows companies to maintain control of the company without actually owning a majority of the company.
Classified stock, or class A stock, generally has greater voting power per share than common stock. So, companies can maintain their voting power with a relatively small percentage of the overall shares. In addition, classified stock can be used to prevent hostile takeovers.
If a company has classified stock, it can be more difficult for an outside entity to acquire a controlling stake in the company without the consent of the board or the majority shareholder. Intrinsic value is a measure of a company's actual worth. This value is determined by analyzing a company's assets, cash flow, and other tangible and intangible factors. Intrinsic value is generally considered more important than market value.
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XYZ Corp has authorized a total of 1,000 shares. Of those shares, there are 700 issued and 500 outstanding You own 50 shares pers onally XYZ declares a dividend of 510,000 . How much money will be paid to you in the form of a dividend? $1,400
$1,000
$500
$2,000
QUESTION 5 You can purchase stock from XYZ Corp at a price of \$50/share. You purchase 100 shares today, and then invest 5500 imonth each month thereafter parchasing new shares. You expect that the price of the theck will increase 5% arnualy (compounded monthly). If this happens, what will the value of your XYZ stock be in five yeare? $176.432
$27.586
$40.420
Not enough infocmation
$51,000 will be paid to you in the form of a dividend and the value of your stock after five years would be $176.43. Option b for first question and option a for second is correct.
Dividend is a sum of money paid by a company to its shareholders out of its profits. It is usually a distribution of profits in the form of cash or stock.
If a company declares a dividend, it must also set a record date, which is the date by which you must be on the company's books as a shareholder to receive the dividend. You own 50 shares personally. The company has authorized a total of 1,000 shares, of which 700 are issued, and 500 are outstanding.
Therefore, in total, there are 500 outstanding shares, and 50 of those shares belong to you. Thus, the proportion of the outstanding shares owned by you would be 50/500, which simplifies to 1/10.The total dividend paid by the company is $510,000. If the dividend were to be distributed equally among the outstanding shares, each share would receive a dividend of $510,000/500, or $1,020.
However, you own 1/10th of the outstanding shares, or 50 shares. This implies that you will get a dividend of:50 shares × $1,020/share = $51,000
Hence, $51,000 will be paid to you in the form of a dividend.
For the second part, the value of your stock after five years would be $176.43.
Here's how to solve it:
Firstly, calculate the value of your stock today. It costs $50 per share, and you bought 100 shares, therefore the value of your stock today is:$50/share × 100 shares = $5,000
Next, use the compound interest formula to calculate the value of the stock after five years:
The annual interest rate is 5%, compounded monthly, and n = 12 since there are 12 months in a year and compounding is monthly.
The number of years, t, is 5 years.
FV = $5,000 × (1 + 0.05/12)^(5*12) = $5,000 × 1.27696 = $6,384.80
Therefore, the value of your stock after five years would be $6,384.80, rounded to the nearest cent. Option b for first question and option a for second is correct.
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Complete question:
content loaded
XYZ Corp has authorized a total of 1,000 shares. Of those shares, there are 700 issued and 500 outstanding You own 50 shares pers onally XYZ declares a dividend of 510,000 . How much money will be paid to you in the form of a dividend? $1,400
$51,000
$500
$2,000
We live in a world where ‘gender’ is marketed to us as a product. Gender is something that we both buy and sell, and consequently reproduce through its purchase and sale. For this assignment you are to explore how gender is marketed to us as a consumerist product.
The marketing of toys for boys and girls. For this option you are to visit a department store toy section and write your assignment about the ways that gender is marketed through socially produced differences between boys and girls. How are toys for boys and girls marketed to us? You must discuss toys for boys and toys for girls.
You might want to focus on a particular type of toy, dolls, and action figures for example, in the case of the former. Feel free to explore to any aspect of marketing including product placement, product displays, product packaging, promotional materials, the type of toy or clothes, the toy or clothing itself etc.
This assignment must include: How gender is used as a marketing tool, Potential effects these strategies have on consumers, and What does this assignment tell you about gender?
Gender marketing perpetuates stereotypes and limits children's potential. It reinforces traditional gender norms and can lead to exclusion and negative behaviors. Creating an inclusive society requires challenging these marketing strategies.
Gender is marketed to us as a product that is sold and purchased and reproduced through its purchase and sale. One of the ways gender is marketed to us is through the marketing of toys for boys and girls. The department store's toy section is filled with products that are marketed to children through the socially produced differences between boys and girls. Toy companies use gender as a marketing tool to sell their products.
They create and market different toys for boys and girls. For example, dolls are marketed as a toy for girls, while action figures are marketed as toys for boys. Pink and pastel colors are used to represent girls' toys, while bright and bold colors are used to represent boys' toys.
The marketing of toys for boys and girls reinforces gender norms by reinforcing the idea that girls are interested in nurturing, caregiving, and domestic activities, while boys are interested in outdoor activities, adventure, and aggression.
The potential effects of these marketing strategies on consumers are that they limit children's potential and restrict their options. Girls are told to be caregivers, which may limit their aspirations, while boys are taught to be aggressive, which may lead to negative behaviors. Additionally, gender marketing can cause children to be excluded from certain activities or toys that are seen as "not for them" based on their gender.
This can lead to feelings of exclusion and isolation. This assignment tells us that gender is a social construct that is created and reinforced through marketing and advertising. It shows how gender norms are perpetuated through the marketing of toys for boys and girls.
The assignment highlights the potential effects of these marketing strategies on children's development and well-being. It is important to recognize the impact of gender marketing and work towards creating a more inclusive and diverse society.
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Different equity accounts are used depending on the type of organisational structure of the business. Illustrate and explain how the equity accounts differ for a partnership and a company. (3 marks)
Explain why temporary accounts need to be closed during the closing process. (2 marks)
Equity is a term used to describe the residual interest in the assets of a business after liabilities have been settled. It represents ownership in a company, and this ownership can be obtained through different means depending on the type of organizational structure.
In this answer,
I will illustrate how equity accounts differ for a partnership and a company, as well as explain why temporary accounts need to be closed during the closing process.In a partnership, equity accounts represent the ownership interests of each partner. A partnership is a business structure in which two or more people own and operate the business. As a result, the equity accounts are designed to reflect the ownership interests of each partner.
There are different types of equity accounts that are used for this purpose, such as the capital account and the drawing account. The capital account is used to keep track of each partner's investments in the partnership, while the drawing account is used to record any money that a partner withdraws from the partnership.In a company, equity accounts represent the ownership interests of the shareholders.
A company is a legal entity that is separate from its owners, which means that shareholders own the company, but they do not own the assets directly. Instead, they own shares in the company, which entitles them to a portion of the company's profits. The equity accounts in a company are designed to reflect the ownership interests of the shareholders. There are different types of equity accounts that are used for this purpose, such as the share capital account and the retained earnings account.
Temporary accounts are accounts that are used to record transactions for a specific period, such as a month or a year. These accounts include the revenue, expense, and dividend accounts. These accounts are temporary because their balances are reset to zero at the end of each period.
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Use the following information to calculate the value of Coca-Cola stock.
Dividends
2017 - 1.48
2018 - 1.56
2019 - 1.60
2020 - 1.64
2021 - 1.68
Average the growth rates and use as your g%
Use an rs = 9%, calculate the value of the stock.
Increase your g estimate by 1% and calculate the new value.
The current stock price is $55.59
Calculate the rs using the current stock price and the both of your growth estimates
The value of Coca-Cola stock is $39.51 with a growth rate of 3.3%, and $42.86 with a growth rate of 4.3%. The rs using the current stock price is 3.6% with a growth rate of 3.3%, and 4.1% with a growth rate of 4.3%.
To calculate the value of Coca-Cola stock, we can use the dividend discount model (DDM) formula:
Value = Dividend / (rs - g)
Using the given dividend values, we can calculate the average growth rate (g%) as follows:
g% = ((1.56/1.48) * (1.60/1.56) * (1.64/1.60) * (1.68/1.64))^(1/4) - 1 = 0.033 or 3.3%
With an rs (required rate of return) of 9%, we can calculate the value of the stock:
Value = 1.68 / (0.09 - 0.033) = $39.51
Increasing the growth estimate by 1% to 4.3%, we can recalculate the value:
Value = 1.68 / (0.09 - 0.043) = $42.86
To calculate the rs (required rate of return) using the current stock price and the growth estimates, we rearrange the DDM formula:
rs = Dividend / Value + g
Using the current stock price of $55.59, the first growth estimate of 3.3%, and the dividend of $1.68, we get:
rs = 1.68 / 55.59 + 0.033 = 0.036 or 3.6%
For the second growth estimate of 4.3%, we have:
rs = 1.68 / 55.59 + 0.043 = 0.041 or 4.1%
Therefore, the rs using the current stock price and the growth estimates are 3.6% and 4.1% respectively.
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Bond issue:
Bond Face Value: £16,000,000 (comprised of 16,000 units with a £1,000 par value)
Coupon: 8%
Maturity: 5 years
Issue price per unit: £1,100
How much does the proposed source of finance cost per year in interest?
The annual interest cost is calculated by multiplying the bond face value (£16,000,000) by the coupon rate (8%). This results in an annual interest expense of £1,280,000.
To calculate the annual interest cost for the proposed source of finance, we need to consider the bond's face value, coupon rate, and the number of units issued.
Given:
Bond Face Value: £16,000,000 (16,000 units with a £1,000 par value)
Coupon Rate: 8%
Maturity: 5 years
First, we calculate the total annual interest payment by multiplying the bond face value by the coupon rate:
Annual Interest Payment = Bond Face Value * Coupon Rate
Annual Interest Payment = £16,000,000 * 8% = £1,280,000
Therefore, the proposed source of finance costs £1,280,000 per year in interest.
This means that the company will have to pay £1,280,000 annually to bondholders as interest expense for the duration of the bond's term. It is essential to consider this interest cost when evaluating the feasibility and financial implications of the proposed source of finance.
The proposed source of finance, in the form of bonds with a face value of £16,000,000 and a coupon rate of 8%, would result in an annual interest cost of £1,280,000. This represents the financial burden that the company would need to bear each year to fulfill its interest payment obligations on the bonds.
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Referring back to the demand and supply for coffee beans in CH 2 (Qd = 12 - p, Qs = 9 + 0.5p) where
p is measured in dollars and q in billions of pounds of coffee beans, calculate the elasticity of
demand and supply at the equilibrium price and quantity in the market. If excess coffee
consumption was thought to have adverse health consequences the government may decide to
impose a tax on coffee. If a $1 tax is per pound is imposed on the producers, derive the new supply
curve for coffee. Determine the new equilibrium quantity and price of coffee. And what percent of
the tax is paid for by consumers and what percent is paid for by producers.
The elasticity of demand and supply at the equilibrium price and quantity in the market is calculated as follows:
The equilibrium price is $1.20 per pound, and the equilibrium quantity is 10.8 billion pounds. The elasticity of demand (ED) is 0.05, indicating that demand is inelastic. The elasticity of supply (ES) is -0.06, suggesting that supply is also inelastic.
Additionally, when a $1 tax is imposed on producers, the new equilibrium price is $1.26, and the new equilibrium quantity remains at 10.8 billion pounds. Consumers bear approximately 47.79% of the tax burden, while producers bear around 52.21%.
To calculate the elasticity of demand, the percentage change in quantity demanded is divided by the percentage change in price. In this case, when the price decreases from $1.20 to $1.10, the percentage change in price is 8.33%, and the corresponding increase in quantity demanded from 10.8 to 11.4 billion pounds results in a percentage change of 5.56%. Therefore, the elasticity of demand is (5.56 / 8.33) * (1.20 / 10.8) = 0.05, indicating inelastic demand.
Similarly, the elasticity of supply is calculated by dividing the percentage change in quantity supplied by the percentage change in price. With the same price decrease and the resulting decrease in quantity supplied from 10.8 to 10.05 billion pounds (a percentage change of -6.94%), the elasticity of supply is calculated as (-6.94 / 8.33) * (1.20 / 10.8) = -0.06, indicating inelastic supply.
When a $1 tax is imposed on producers, the new supply curve shifts upward by $0.50 (the amount of the tax). The new equilibrium price is determined by equating the new supply function (S') to the demand function (Qd). Solving for the equilibrium price, it is found to be $1.26. The equilibrium quantity remains the same at 10.8 billion pounds.
To determine the percentage of the tax burden borne by consumers and producers, the new price to consumers is calculated by adding the tax to the new equilibrium price.
Consumers pay $2.26 per pound after tax. Producers, who bear the tax, receive $1.26 per pound after paying the tax. The percentage of the tax paid by consumers is ((2.26 - 1.20) / 2.26) * 100% ≈ 47.79%, while the percentage paid by producers is ((1.20 - 0.26) / 2.26) * 100% ≈ 52.21%.
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If a firm has achieved its target cash balance the net present value is: A. positive because the cash balance is positive. B. zero because increasing the cash balance increases the interest cost. C. negative because the cash balance has a financing cost. D. positive because decreasing the cash decreases the cost of illiquidity.
If a firm has achieved its target cash balance, the net present value is positive because decreasing the cash decreases the cost of illiquidity. Illiquidity is the degree to which a business lacks cash to fulfill its short-term obligations.
When firms hold excess cash balances, they are exposed to the negative consequences of illiquidity costs.The theory of finance suggests that companies should set a target cash balance in order to prevent the negative consequences of holding excess cash on hand. The target cash balance is determined by balancing the cost of holding cash with the cost of illiquidity, which occurs when the firm does not have enough cash on hand to meet its obligations.
In addition, the target cash balance is influenced by factors such as the company's level of risk, level of investment, and the degree of uncertainty about future cash flows. The firm's value is increased by reaching its target cash balance. Thus, if a firm has achieved its target cash balance, the net present value is positive because decreasing the cash decreases the cost of illiquidity.
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M7L1 - Does Wal-Mart Suppress Competition?
Wal-Mart is often the target of angry consumers who feel that the nation’s largest retailer causes smaller "mom and pop" businesses to close their doors because they cannot compete on price.
PART I
Answer the following question: Does Wal-Mart intentionally undermine small retailers to put them out of business, or is the failure of these competitors simply a result of the large economies of scale that Wal-Mart has? Please be clear and RESPECTFUL in your explanation
Wal-Mart has implemented an efficient supply chain management system, which allows it to deliver goods at a lower cost than its competitors. The company's enormous scale enables it to purchase merchandise at a lower price, and its distribution system allows it to deliver goods more effectively and efficiently.
Wal-Mart doesn't intentionally undermine small retailers to put them out of business, nor is it responsible for the failure of these competitors. The failure of these competitors is simply a result of the large economies of scale that Wal-Mart has.
This approach has enabled Wal-Mart to offer consumers a broad variety of merchandise at a low price, which is the company's main competitive advantage. On the other hand, small retailers lack the advantages of economies of scale and do not have the financial resources to compete with Wal-Mart.
Small retailers frequently rely on the products and services they provide to be unique and tailored to the demands of their local market, but Wal-Mart's scale advantages frequently enable it to offer goods and services more cheaply and efficiently. Small businesses must establish other ways of distinguishing themselves and competing effectively if they want to survive and grow.
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1. Salary of polishers is an example of a. Product cost b. Period cost 2. Salary of the workers at the electroplating department a. Product cost b. Period cost 3. Salary of personal in the accounting department a. Product cost b. Period cost 4. Salary of workers at the assembly department a. Product cost b. Period cost 5. Salary of janitorial staff, who are responsible for cleaning in the production part of the factory. a. Product cost b. Period cost 6. Cost of coper, nickel, silver and golden solution a. Product cost b. Period cost 7. Depreciation on polishing equipment a. Product cost b. Period cost 8. Depreciation on delivery trucks. The trucks used in delivering Oskars from Chicago to California a. Product cost b. Period cost 9. Depreciation on computers used by accounting clerks. a. Product cost b. Period cost 10. Insurance on equipment used in production a. Product cost b. Period cost
The salary of polishers is an example of a product cost. The salary of the workers at the electroplating department is an example of a product cost.The salary of personnel in the accounting department is an example of a period cost.
The salary of workers at the assembly department is an example of a product cost.. The salary of janitorial staff, who are responsible for cleaning in the production part of the factory is an example of a product cost. The cost of copper, nickel, silver and golden solution is an example of a product cost.
The cost of goods sold is the sum of all the product costs.Product costs are treated differently from period costs. Period costs are expenses that are not directly related to the production of a good or service. Marketing and administrative costs are examples of period costs. These expenses are taken into account in the period in which they are incurred, rather than being added to the cost of goods sold.
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Suppose μ is shifted to T+1.0σ′, where T represents a target value and σ′ is a shifted standard deviation, σ′=1.10σ. Write down an Excel formula to find the total defective rate when USL is located at T+2.8σ, while LSL is located T−3.2σ.
The formula to find the total defective rate when USL is located at T+2.8σ and LSL is located at T-3.2σ is as follows;`=normdist(T+2.8σ,T+1.0σ′,1)-normdist[tex](T-3.2σ,T+1.0σ′,1)`[/tex].
The formula above is written in Excel and will give us the total defective rate.Suppose the mean (μ) is shifted to T + 1.0σ′. Here, T represents a target value, and σ′ is a shifted standard deviation. σ′ = 1.10σ.To determine the total defective rate when USL is located at T + 2.8σ and LSL is located T - 3.2σ, we will use the above formula. First, we'll calculate the value of σ′ as follows:σ′ = 1.10σ
Given that USL is located at T + 2.8σ, the USL value will be:T + 2.8σTherefore, the lower specification limit (LSL) will be:T - 3.2σTo determine the total defective rate, we'll use the following formula that is written in Excel:`=normdist(T+2.8σ,T+1.0σ′,1)-normdist(T-3.2σ,T+1.0σ′,1)`Therefore, this formula will help us calculate the total defective rate when USL is located at T + 2.8σ, while LSL is located T - 3.2σ.
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How would you use the option pricing framework to model the
possible loss of market share? What parameter in the option model
gives you the ability to represent loss of market share?
The option pricing framework can be used to model the possible loss of market share. The parameter in the option model that gives the ability to represent loss of market share is "volatility."
The option pricing framework can be used to model the possible loss of market share by pricing an option on the firm’s equity. The option pricing model makes use of the parameters, such as the strike price, time to maturity, volatility, and the risk-free interest rate, to compute the price of the option.
The parameter in the option model that gives the ability to represent loss of market share is "volatility." Volatility is used to measure the uncertainty of future price movements. Higher volatility would suggest a greater potential loss of market share for the firm. Thus, by increasing the volatility input in the option pricing model, one can estimate the potential loss of market share and the corresponding impact on the price of the firm's equity.
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Your client ouns a small food truck. The client and theur spouse are the only employees. They need more help. but are putting off hirang worker(s) because of hiring \& payroll related concerns. They come to you to ask for advice before they hare anyone, as they do not want to get sued. Their concems are: 1) They also don't have the money to pay overtime. 2) they interviewed one person a while back, but they turned out to be 95 years old, and threatened to sue if they didn't get hired and your client hired someone youmger. Do you have anyendvice for them? lixplain
I would advise your client to address their concerns by taking the following steps: Ensure compliance with labor laws, Seek professional guidance and Maintain thorough documentation.
By proactively seeking legal guidance, your client can navigate the complexities of hiring and payroll while minimizing the risk of potential lawsuits.
Adhering to labor laws, seeking professional advice, and maintaining thorough documentation can help them make informed decisions, ensure fairness in the hiring process, and mitigate legal risks. It is important for your client to prioritize compliance and follow best practices to protect both their business and employees.
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The client can legally hire someone who is younger.
As per the given question, the client owns a small food truck and is the only employee along with his/her spouse. They want to hire more people to work but they are scared because they don't want to be sued. They also have concerns regarding payroll and overtime pay.
Moreover, they previously interviewed a 95-year-old person who threatened to sue them if they didn't get hired. Following is the advice for the client:
The best way for the client to hire more people is to hire people as an independent contractor. This is because they won't have to worry about overtime pay, employment taxes, and benefits. Moreover, if they hire someone as an independent contractor, the individual will be responsible for paying their own taxes. They just have to make sure that they have a written contract that outlines the scope of the work, deliverables, and timeline for the project.
In addition, the client can consider hiring part-time workers who won't be eligible for overtime pay. They should carefully review the law regarding who qualifies for overtime pay and ensure that they pay the correct rate to those who qualify. As for the 95-year-old candidate who threatened to sue, the client doesn't need to worry about it because age discrimination law only applies to individuals over the age of 40.
Therefore, the client can legally hire someone who is younger.
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Compute the following probabilities If Y is distributed N(8,9),Pr(Y≤6)= (Round your response to four decimal places) If Y is distributed N(−24). Pr (Y>−1)= (Round your response to four decimal places) If Y is distributed N(120,36)Pr(117≤Y≤123)= (Round your response to four decirnal places)
1. Pr(Y ≤ 6) when Y is distributed N(8, 9):
The probability can be calculated using the standard normal distribution by first standardizing the variable Y.
Standardized variable Z = (Y - μ) / σ,
where μ is the mean and σ is the standard deviation.
For Y ~ N(8, 9):
Z = (6 - 8) / √9 = -2 / 3
Now, we can look up the standardized value in the standard normal distribution table to find the probability.
Pr(Y ≤ 6) = Pr(Z ≤ -2/3)
Looking up the value -2/3 in the standard normal distribution table, we find that Pr(Z ≤ -2/3) is approximately 0.2525.
Therefore, Pr(Y ≤ 6) = 0.2525 (rounded to four decimal places).
2. Pr(Y > -1) when Y is distributed N(-24):
Since we are given a normal distribution with mean μ = -24, we can calculate the standardized variable Z as follows:
Z = (-1 - (-24)) / √variance
= 23 / √variance
Since the standard deviation is not provided, we cannot directly compute the probability. However, assuming that the variance is equal to 1, we can approximate the probability using the standard normal distribution.
Pr(Y > -1) ≈ 1 - Pr(Z ≤ Z_value)
Using the standard normal distribution table, we find the corresponding value for Z_value = 23 / √1 ≈ 23. This value is not available in the standard normal distribution table, but we can conclude that Pr(Y > -1) is very close to 0.
Therefore, Pr(Y > -1) ≈ 0 (rounded to four decimal places).
3. Pr(117 ≤ Y ≤ 123) when Y is distributed N(120, 36):
We need to find the probability of Y falling within the range [117, 123].
First, we standardize the variables:
Z1 = (117 - 120) / √36 = -3 / 6 = -0.5
Z2 = (123 - 120) / √36 = 3 / 6 = 0.5
Using the standard normal distribution table, we can find the probabilities for the corresponding standardized values:
Pr(Z1 ≤ Z ≤ Z2) = Pr(-0.5 ≤ Z ≤ 0.5)
Looking up the values in the standard normal distribution table, we find Pr(-0.5 ≤ Z ≤ 0.5) ≈ 0.3829.
Therefore, Pr(117 ≤ Y ≤ 123) ≈ 0.3829 (rounded to four decimal places).
In conclusion, the probabilities are:
1. Pr(Y ≤ 6) ≈ 0.2525
2. Pr(Y > -1) ≈ 0
3. Pr(117 ≤ Y ≤ 123) ≈ 0.3829
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A business has been sued for $25,000 by a customer. Lawyer of business reckon that it is likely that the claim will be upheld. Legal fees are currently $7,000.How much of a provision should be made if further legal fees of $4,500 are likely to be incurred?
The provision for legal fees should be $13,500 or -$13,500. A business has been sued for $25,000 by a customer. Lawyers of business reckon that it is likely that the claim will be upheld. Legal fees are currently $7,000.
If further legal fees of $4,500 are likely to be incurred, the amount of provision that should be made can be computed as follows: Total legal fees = Current legal fees + Additional legal fees total legal fees = $7,000 + $4,500Total legal fees = $11,500Provision for legal fees = Total legal fees - Lawsuit amount Provision for legal fees = $11,500 - $25,000. Provision for legal fees = -$13,500 or $13,500.
Depending on whether or not a negative provision is permitted. A provision is an amount set aside to cover future expenses and losses. Based on the calculation above, the provision for legal fees should be $13,500 or -$13,500 (depending on whether or not a negative provision is permitted).
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An investor receives $1,100 in one year in return for an investment of $1,000 now. Calculate the percentage return per annum with a) annual compounding, b) semiannual compounding, c) monthly compounding and d) continuous compounding.
a) The percentage return per annum with annual compounding is 10%.
b) The percentage return per annum with semiannual compounding is approximately 10.25%.
c) The percentage return per annum with monthly compounding is approximately 10.47%.
d) The percentage return per annum with continuous compounding is approximately 10.52%.
a) Annual compounding:
With annual compounding, the interest is compounded once a year. The formula to calculate the percentage return is:
Percentage Return = ((Final Amount - Initial Amount) / Initial Amount) * 100
In this case, the initial amount is $1,000 and the final amount is $1,100. Plugging these values into the formula:
Percentage Return = ((1,100 - 1,000) / 1,000) * 100 = (100 / 1,000) * 100 = 0.1 * 100 = 10%
The percentage return per annum with annual compounding is 10%. This means that the investor earns a 10% return on their investment over the course of one year, taking into account the effect of compounding.
b) Semiannual compounding:
With semiannual compounding, the interest is compounded twice a year. The formula to calculate the percentage return is the same as in the previous case. However, we need to adjust the interest rate to reflect the compounding frequency.
The interest rate per period is calculated by dividing the annual interest rate by the number of compounding periods in a year. In this case, since the interest is compounded semiannually, the number of compounding periods is 2.
Percentage Return = ((1 + (Annual Interest Rate / Number of Compounding Periods)) ^ Number of Compounding Periods - 1) * 100
Plugging in the values:
Percentage Return = ((1 + (0.10 / 2)) ^ 2 - 1) * 100 = ((1 + 0.05) ^ 2 - 1) * 100 = (1.05^2 - 1) * 100 ≈ (1.1025 - 1) * 100 ≈ 0.1025 * 100 ≈ 10.25%
The percentage return per annum with semiannual compounding is approximately 10.25%. This means that the investor earns a slightly higher return compared to annual compounding, due to the compounding effect occurring twice a year.
c) Monthly compounding:
With monthly compounding, the interest is compounded twelve times a year. Using the same formula as before, but adjusting for the compounding frequency:
Percentage Return = ((1 + (Annual Interest Rate / Number of Compounding Periods)) ^ Number of Compounding Periods - 1) * 100
Plugging in the values:
Percentage Return = ((1 + (0.10 / 12)) ^ 12 - 1) * 100 ≈ ((1 + 0.008333) ^ 12 - 1) * 100 ≈ (1.008333^12 - 1) * 100 ≈ (1.1047 - 1) * 100 ≈ 0.1047 * 100 ≈ 10.47%
The percentage return per annum with monthly compounding is approximately 10.47%. This means that the investor earns a slightly higher return compared to semiannual compounding, due to the compounding effect occurring more frequently.
d) Continuous compounding:
With continuous compounding, the interest is compounded continuously throughout the year. The formula to calculate the percentage
return with continuous compounding is:
Percentage Return = (e^(Annual Interest Rate) - 1) * 100
Where "e" is the mathematical constant approximately equal to 2.71828.
Plugging in the values:
Percentage Return = (e^(0.10) - 1) * 100 ≈ (1.10517 - 1) * 100 ≈ 0.10517 * 100 ≈ 10.52%
The percentage return per annum with continuous compounding is approximately 10.52%. This represents the highest return compared to the other compounding frequencies, as continuous compounding allows for the compounding effect to occur infinitely and continuously.
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You have determined that for Elaine's Effervescent Eggnog, Inc., the Free Cash Flow to Equity at the end of this fiscal year will be $18100, and that is expected to grow at 2.9%. You have also calculated that the cost of equity is 14.70%, the WACC is 11.23%, the Market return is 11.80%, and the risk-free rate is 2.13%. What will be the market value of these Free Cash Flows as of the end of this fiscal year? Select one: a. insufficient information to determine b. $874408 c. $183553 d. $209268 e. $157838 f. $216428 g. $223588
The market value of these Free Cash Flows as of the end of this fiscal year is $183,553.
How to find?The market value of the free cash flows as of the end of this fiscal year can be calculated as follows;
Market value = FCF to equity × (1 + g) / (r - g).
Where g = expected growth rate
FCF to equity = $18,100
r = cost of equity
g = 2.9%
r - g = 14.70% - 2.9%
= 11.8%
= Market return.
Therefore, Market value = $18,100 × (1 + 0.029) / (0.147 - 0.029)
= $18,100 × 1.029 / 0.118
= $183,553.
Hence, the market value of these Free Cash Flows as of the end of this fiscal year is $183,553. Thus, the correct option is C. $183553.
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Suppose a certain style of shirt that was fashionable in the 2000 s become unfashionable in the late 2010s. If other factors were held constant, then there would be a rightward shift of the demand curve an increase in the price of the shirts a rightward movement along the supply curve a leftward shift in the demand curve
"Imagine that a certain shirt style that was popular in the 2000s goes out of style in the late 2010s. If other variables were same, there would be a ____.Filling in the space with "leftward shift in the demand curve" is the appropriate response.
The market for these shirts would decline if a particular shirt style that was popular in the 2000s became outmoded in the late 2010s. The demand curve would move to the left if all other variables remained same.
The leftward shift in the demand curve means that at each price, the quantity demanded would decrease. If the quantity demanded decreases, it would lead to a decrease in the equilibrium price of the shirts as well.
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I am looking for an example of a peer review on Social Media Application in Agriculture Extension Programming for Small Scale Rural Farmers: Is Knowledge Impeding the Lack of Adoption?
Peer review is the evaluation of work by one or more people with similar competencies as the producers of the work (peers).
It aims to ensure that the quality and content of a work meet the requirements of the intended audience or users. In this case, the work under review is a research article titled "Social Media Application in Agriculture Extension Programming for Small Scale Rural Farmers: Is Knowledge Impeding the Lack of Adoption?" The paper examines the factors that influence the adoption of social media applications by small-scale rural farmers for agricultural extension programming.
The author argues that although social media applications have the potential to improve agricultural extension services, their adoption among small-scale rural farmers is impeded by a lack of knowledge and skills. The paper reviews relevant literature on the topic, presents findings from a survey of small-scale rural farmers, and provides recommendations for improving the adoption of social media applications in agricultural extension programming. The paper is well-researched and well-written.
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