which statement about chemical reactions is true?

A) The reaction rates are always constant

B) The reaction rates can increase

C) The reaction rates cannot change

D) The reaction rates cannot decrease

Step 2 option B) Add two drops of phenolphthalein to the Erlenmeyer flask of acid until it turns a pink color. Fill your buret with NaOH solution and begin to add to the Erlenmeyer flask of acid. Use the glass stirring rod to mix the solution as you add drops of NaOH to the Erlenmeyer flask.

To get the maximum accurate measurement of how lots base is needed to react with the acid, we need to make sure the solutions are constantly combined collectively nicely so that it will completely react.

Titrations are used to decide the quantity of 1 substance present by way of reacting it with a known amount of some other substance. as instance, you could discover the molar mass of acid with the aid of titrating the acid with a solution of the base of regarded concentration.

The answers will start with turning blue, but after a few moments, it will become colorless. To carry out the demo, stopper the flask and shake the solution vigorously, ensuring to maintain the stopper in place with one hand. the answer will flip blue after enough shaking.

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In micrometers, the piece of aluminium foil is 0.8μm thick.

Aluminium foil paper or aluminium foil is basically flattened aluminium mainly used in packaging of food, cosmetics, drugs and other chemicals, and for cooking. Aluminium metal is preferred in making foil because of its inert nature and its resistance to tear and puncture, when compared to other metals.

The thickness of a piece of aluminium foil is way too thin to be measured using common measuring tools like a measuring tape or a ruler. It is mostly measured in micrometers. To convert from centimeters to micrometers, we multiply the value by 10,000. This is because there are 10,000 micrometers in one centimeter, hence:

                      1 centimeter = 10000 micrometers

                      8.0 x 10⁻⁵cm = xμm

 x = 8 x 10⁻⁵ x 10000

 x = 8 x 10⁻⁵ x 10⁴

Applying the laws of indices;

x = 8 x 10⁻⁵⁺⁴ = 8 x 10⁻¹ or 0.8

Therefore, the piece of aluminium 8 x 10⁻⁵cm thick is 0.8μm thick in micrometers.

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The answer is true. Industrial environments use special systems to eliminate noxious or toxic fumes.

What is meant by toxic fumes?

Hazardous air pollutants from sources like solvents, asbestos-containing building materials, and cigarette smoke can also be found in indoor air. The most well-known hazardous gases include phosgene, chlorine, nitrogen dioxide, and carbon monoxide. Emissions from coal-fired power plants and industrial gas refineries are the main sources of harmful air pollutants outside.

The absorption method is used to reduce gaseous pollution in industrial environments. These toxins come into touch with a liquid, like water. The liquid then absorbs the toxic fumes. The most popular equipment for reducing toxic fumes emissions includes cyclones, electrostatic precipitators, fabric filters, and wet scrubbers.

Therefore, toxic fumes are eliminated by industrial environments using special systems.

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Assuming the collision factors are comparable, the reaction of which reaction energy profile will have the smallest rate constant is the reverse of reaction 2.

The rate constant depends on the transition state activation energy and temperature as shown in the formula in the lecture. Increasing the reaction temperature actually increases the kinetic energy and velocity of the molecules. Reaction rates and rate constants increase with increasing temperature.

Generalizing, the reaction rate doubles for every 10-degree increase in temperature. This is also called the temperature coefficient. The change in rate constant depends on the nature of the reaction and the concentration of the changing reactants. Rate constants are directly proportional to the concentration of a particular reactant. The rate constant does not change as the concentration of the reactants changes.

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when 40. 0 g of ammonia and 50. 0 g of oxygen are mixed and allowed to react .1.57 moles is the theoretical yield of water and 1.87 moles in balanced chemical

= 1*14.01 + 3*1.008

= 17.034 g/mol

mass(NH3)= 40.0 g

use:

number of mol of NH3,

n = molar mass of ammonia  

=(40 g)/(17.03 g/mol)

= 2.348 mol

Molar mass of O2 = 32 g/mol

mass(O2)= 50.0 g

use:

number of mol of O2,

n = molar mass of oxygen

=(50 g)/(32 g/mol)

1.562 mol  or 1.57 mol

Balanced chemical equation is:

4 NH₃ + 5 O₂ -> 6 H₂O + 4NO

4 mol of NH3 reacts with 5 mol of oxygen  for 2.348 mol of NH3, 2.935 mol of O2 is required  But we have 1.562 mol of O2  so,  use O2 in next calculation

According to balanced equation  mol of H2O formed = (6/5)* moles of oxygen

= (6/5)*1.562  

= 1.875 mol

= 1.87 mol

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Answer:

Explanation:

If you look at an atom as a whole, it is electrically neutral and possesses no overall charge.  The nucleus consists of Protons and neutrons, Protons have a positive charge and neutrons have no charge on them.

Hence, the nucleus of an atom is positively charged and is generally surrounded by one or more electrons.

The electrons on the other hand have a negative charge on them.  

The sign convention for proton (+1), neutron(0) and electron(-1). The nucleus is very heavy but is very small compared to the overall size of an atom.            

An atom consists of a positively charged nucleus, surrounded by one or more negatively charged particles called electrons. The positive charges equal the negative charges, so the atom has no overall charge; it is electrically neutral. I hope this helped.

Nuclide on the band of nuclear stability have atomic number 86 and 128 neutrons.

What is nuclear?
Utilizing nuclear reactions to generate electricity is known as nuclear power. Nuclear fission, nuclear decay, and nuclear fusion reactions can all provide nuclear energy. Currently, nuclear power plants use the fission of uranium and plutonium to generate the great majority of the world's electricity from nuclear sources. In specialised applications like radioisotope thermoelectric generators found in some space probes like Voyager 2, nuclear decay processes are employed. International research continues to centre on producing electricity via fusion technology. The majority of nuclear power facilities use thermal reactors with once-through fuel cycles and enriched uranium. When the proportion of neutron-absorbing atoms rises to a point where a chain reaction can no longer be sustained, which normally takes three years, fuel is removed.

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Answer:

0.13M

Explanation:

The formula of molarity is moles of solute÷litres of solution hence:

M= 0.20÷1.5

M= 0.13

Answer:

Claim: The jump in ionization energy from I2 to I3 is the largest.

Evidence: You would have to search some up but the jump is from 1450.7 kj/mole to 7732.7 kj/mole. You could also say that magnesium has an electron configuration of [Ne] 3s2 and after removing the two outer valance electrons the next electrons being removed would be core electrons.

Reasoning: Core electrons need lots of energy to remove from the atom, while valance electrons are easy to remove. The 2nd electron removed is a valance electron, while the 3rd electron removed is a core electron. Thus, we should expect that the energy needed to remove a hard to remove electron (the 3rd electron) would be much more than the energy needed to remove the easy to remove electron (2nd) and we should expect a large jump of ionization energy from I2 to I3.

Answer:

there you go man

Explanation:

The maximum mass of ammonia that can be produced from this reaction is 17g

Mass is a measure of the amount of matter in a substance or an object

Here first the reaction is

3H₂ + N₂ → 2NH₃ so the correct reaction is

N₂ + 3H₂ → 2NH₃

So we have to find maximum mass of ammonia = ?

Molar mass of N₂ = 28.02 g/mol

Mass of N₂ =  7.0g

Mole N₂ = (7.0g/28.02 g/mol) =0.24 mol and

Molar mass of H₂ = 2.016 g/mol

Mass of H₂ =  21.0g

Mole H₂ = 21.0g/2.026 g/mol = 10.36 mol

So here 1 mole of N₂ reacts with 3 moles of H₂ to produce 2 moles of NH₃

So 0.24 mol×3 = 0.72 mol mol of H₂ to produce in the reaction

Therefore, 10.36 mol of H₂ react means 10.36 mol /3 = 3.45mol of N₂ to produce(2/3)×10.36 mol = 6.90mol of NH₃

But the amount of N₂ available for reaction with H₂ = 0.24mol

So, the N₂ is in excess of (0.24mol - 3.45) = 3.21mol and this will remain after the reaction

And  the amount of NH₃ produced = 6.90mol

Molar mass of NH3 = 17.03 g/mol

Therefore, mass of NH₃ produced = mole of NH₃ produced x molar mass of NH₃ = 6.90mol × 17.03 g/mol = 17g

The maximum mass of ammonia that can be produced from this reaction is 17g

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The products and reactants of reversible reaction will form at the same rate when equilibrium is attained.

The chemical reaction in which the reactants react to form products and at the same time products reacts to form product is known as reversible reaction.

Equilibrium is attained in reversible reactions when the rate at which the reaction is going in the forward direction is equal to the rate of reverse reaction.

The double arrow  ⇌ are used to indicate reversible reactions.

The general form of reversible reaction is :

                                          A + B  ⇌ C + D

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The molecular formula of the given compound is [tex]MgSO_4.7H_2O[/tex]

The number of atoms in each element inside a single chemical molecule is expressed by the molecular formula. The definition of a molecular formula is the formula that shows the exact number of atoms in a molecule. The empirical formula is used to derive the Molecular Formula when the molar mass value is known. The molecular formula specifies the number of distinct types of atoms contained in a chemical molecule.

The ideal gas equation is:-

PV = nRT

Here,

Pressure, P = 24.8 atm

Volume, V = 2.00 L

Temperature, T = (120 + 273.15) K = 393.15 K

No. of moles, n =??

Molar gas constant, R= 0.082 Latm/molK

Putting the values in the above Equation,

n = PV / RT

n = 24.8 x 2 / 0.082 x 393.15

n = 1.54 moles

Now molecular weight of water = 18 g/mol

So, wt. of water produced = (1.54 × 18) g = 27.7 g [tex]H_2O[/tex]

Here [tex]MgSO_4. xH_2O[/tex] used = 54.2g

So, in 54.2 g, [tex]MgSO_4. xH_2O[/tex], [tex]H_2O[/tex] present = (54.2 - 27.7) g = 26.5g

Molar mass of [tex]MgSO_4[/tex] = 120.36 g/mol.

So,

Here in 26.534 g [tex]MgSO_4[/tex], water present 27.7g

So,

In 120.36g [tex]MgSO_4[/tex], water present = 27.7 / 26.5 x 120.36 = 125.8g

So, no. of moles of [tex]H_2O[/tex] = 125.8 / 18 = 6.98 = 7 moles

Therefore, with one mole of [tex]MgSO_4[/tex], water molecule present = 7 moles.

Result:

Thus, Molecular formula is [tex]MgSO_4.7H_2O[/tex]

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Answer:

44.1 liters

Explanation:

We can use the combined gas law:

P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2,

where P, V, and T are the  pressures(P), volumes(V), and temperatures(T),  for the initial (P1,V1,T1) and final states (P2,V2,T2).  Note that the temperatures must be in Kelvin (add 273.15 to C to make it K).

We are given all the conditions except V2, the final volume.  Let's rearrange the gas law to solve for V2:

 V2 = V1(T2/T1)(P1/P2)

Note the way I organized the temperature and pressures into ratios of their starting and final conditions.  This makes it easier to visualize how changes will impact the final volume.  If the temperatue goes up, (T2/T1) will increase and V2 will increse.  But it we increase pressure, (P1/P2) will drop, casuing a reduction in volume.

Enter the data.

V1 =36.4L

T1 = 298.2K

T2 = 361.2K

Pressures are not given, but are said to remain the same:  "at constant pressure."  We need a pressure, so we can assume for the sake of simplicity, that the pressure is 1 atm (both P1 and P2).  We can see from the ratio of the two, that the absolute value of the pressure makes no difference (P1/P2) since P1=P2 and the ratio is simply 1.

V2 = V1(T2/T1)(P1/P2)

V2 = (36.4L)(361.2K/298.2K)(1atm/1atm)

The ratio of the temperatures clearly tells us that the final volume should increase, by around 20% (about 60K higher than 300K).  Now do the calculation and see if the volume change is indeed around 20% higher.

V2 = 44.1L

This is around a 20% increase and is higher than the initial volume, so let's claim our work is done.

The wavelength in nm of a wave that has a frequency of 2.22 x 10¹⁴ Hz is 1.35 × 10-⁶ m.

Wavelength is the length of a single cycle of a wave, as measured by the distance between one peak or trough of a wave and the next.

Wavelength is denoted by λ, and corresponds to the velocity of the wave divided by its frequency i.e. λ = v/f

According to this question, the frequency of a wave is given as 2.22 x 10¹⁴ Hz. The wavelength can be calculated as follows:

λ = 3 × 10⁸ ÷ 2.22 x 10¹⁴

λ = 1.35 × 10-⁶ m

Therefore, 1.35 × 10-⁶ m is the wavelength of the wave.

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Material, principle, or process enables a method of numerical dating is the radioactivity

To establish the age of a rock or a fossil, researchers use some type of clock to determine the date it was formed geologists commonly use radiometric dating methods and using the decay of various radioactive element and you can determine a numerical age for mineral in igneous rock and the result data is the radiometric age

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There are 0.73900 moles and 4.449 x 10^23 atoms in a sample of gold that has a mass of 145.56 grams.

Using the formula below, determine the number of moles of gold in 145.56 grams of gold. (MM of gold = 196.96657 g/mol)

number of moles = mass/MM

number of moles = 145.56 g / 196.96657 g/mol

number of moles = 0.73900

Multiply the Avogadro's number to the number of moles to get the number of atoms in 145.56 grams of gold.

number of atoms = moles(Avogadro's number)

number of atoms = 0.73900 moles Au(6.02214076 × 10^23 atoms/mole)

number of atoms = 4.449 x 10^23

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Column chromatography liquid-solid. Different types of chromatography techniques can be classified according to the physical states of the mobile and stationary phases.

Chemical analysis and chromatography are laboratory approaches for the separation of an aggregate into its additives. The aggregate is dissolved in a fluid solvent known as the cellular section, which includes it via a gadget on which a fabric called the stationary segment is constant.

Paper chromatography is a technique that's used to split low-molecular-mass compounds primarily based on their distribution between stationary segments and cellular sections. because of its low value and availability of diverse protocols for the separation of compounds, paper chromatography is considered an effective analytical tool.

Paper chromatography is an analytical method used to split colored chemical compounds or substances. it's far now ordinarily used as a teaching device, having been changed inside the laboratory by using other chromatography techniques along with skinny-layer chromatography.

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Answer:

26

Explanation:

Considering the cis and trans isomers of 1,3-di-tert-butylcyclohexane, trans isomer is more likely to exist in twist boat conformation.

Conformation is the spatial arrangement of the atoms in molecule. there are a variety of conformations are possible for cyclohexane. Twist boat conformation moves the hydrogen atoms attached to carbon atoms 1 and 4 farther apart so that the steric strain is reduced.  Free rotation can be frequently observed in linear, single covalent bonds. However, rotation can also be observed in few ring structures.

t-butyl in axial position in cyclohexane is very disfavored by energy.  When you have trans 1,3 - both chairs have 1 axial and 1 equatorial, so both chairs are disfavored due to steric hindrance. Twist boat can minimize the unfavorable interactions among the t-butyls and this makes the molecule more stable.

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Anodizing a spoon makes it 1) durable and scratch-resistant and 2) prevents the leaching of plain aluminum into food.

Anodizing is an electrochemical process that produces an oxide coating on metal surfaces. This oxide coating makes the metal surface corrosion-resistant, and durable and increases the metal's adhesive qualities (for glues and paint primers). Anodizing is usually done for aluminum and its alloys

Two reasons for anodizing a spoon:

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Kinetic energy change is represented by a heat change in the heating curve. The letters which represents a change in kinetic energy are A,C,E.

It is a form of energy by virtue of the motion of molecules. Kinetic energy is directly proportional to mass and velocity of the moving object.

According to kinetic theory of gases, as the temperature increase, the molecules acquire more energy to move apart and thereby, the kinetic energy also increases.

For an endothermic process like, sublimation heat energy is absorbed and thus kinetic energy is increased. From the graph, it is clear that, the in step A to B and B to D as well as D to E are associated with a heat change.

Stages B and D are stable and therefore, A, C and E are associated with a change in kinetic energy.

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1. An artwork that shows the colors forms and textures of a real object is balance.

2. The quality of an artwork in which the elements are visually equal is balanced.

3. The rules artists use for arranging the elements of art in artworks include proportion, pattern, movement, contrast, emphasis, balance, variety, and unity are principles of design.

4. Having an identifiable object, but without details and with visual elements rearranged or simplified is Abstract.

5. The basic parts or things that make up works of art, including line, shape, color, value, form, texture, and space are elements of art.

The basic design is defined as creating a suitable configuration. Create shapes and placed works using artistic principles and elements such as lines points volumes planes and colors.

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The solvent extraction could be done by the use of small amounts of solvent.

The term solvent extraction has to do with the procedure by which the solute that have been dissolved in a solvent can be recovered. It is usual that we could try to use a solvent in which a solute is soluble at high temperature but insoluble at low temperature. This is the process of solvent extraction.

We know that the efficiency of the solvent extraction could be achieved by the use of multiple or repeated extractions. This is best done using  small amounts of solvent.

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Answer:

by the fertilizers that we use the soil or land to increase the fertility.

Explanation:

Depolymerization; Macromolecule-initiated cleavage; Thermal; Photochemical; Mechanochemical; Oxidative; Polymer-burning; Kinetics of cleaving Macromolecules when Chain Depolymerization is Negligible; Degradation in Polymer Recycling; Protection of Polymers Against Degradation.

Catalytic oxidation, hydrogenation, and pyrolysis are some of the methods that can be used to depolymerize lignins all the way down to phenilics.68 Little has been done to exploit these processes in the direction of monomers; instead, the products have been thought of in the context of fuels and commodity or fine chemicals.

Nevertheless, it does not seem improbable that certain degradation pathways followed by functionalization will become feasible in order to synthesize aromatic monomers with original structures that are not easily available from petrochemistry, such as vinyl phenols, p-methoxystyrene for polyaddition reactions, and difunctional aromatic compounds for polycondensations that lead to polyesters, degradation, etc.

Several of these potential uses for lignin-derived monomers have been thoroughly covered in two recent publications.

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With no change in temperature or amount of gas, the pressure of ideal gas approximation is 4.83 atm.

We need to know about the ideal gas theory to solve this problem. The ideal gas is assumed that there is no interaction between particles in a gas. It can be determined by the equation

P . V = n . R . T

where P is pressure, V is volume, n is the number of moles gas, R is the ideal gas constant (8.31 J/mol.K) and T is temperature.

From the question above, we know that

V1 = 5.1 L

V2 = 9.29 L

P2 = 2.65

When the initial and final temperature is the same, we can use the ratio of pressure and volume as

P1 . V1 = P2 . V2

P1 . 5.1 = 2.65 . 9.29

P1 = 4.83 atm

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The energy in photosynthesis is stored in the chemical bonds of the sugar molecules (option B).

Photosynthesis is the metabolic process by which green plants synthesize their own food (sugar) using energy from sunlight.

During photosynthesis, photoautotrophic organisms convert light energy into chemical energy by combining water and carbon dioxide into carbohydrates and waste oxygen using energy from the sun.

The carbohydrates produced is usually glucose sugar, which is capable of storing chemical energy in the bonds of its atoms. This energy is released during a catabolic process called cellular respiration.

Therefore, it can be said that chemical bonds are the storage locations for the energy synthesized during photosynthesis.

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Answer:

CuI

Explanation:

Cu2+ + 2I− → CuI + 0.5 I2

Answer:

CuI2

Explanation:

valency of copper(II) is 2 and iodine is 1