Phylogenetic species concept is primarily used to define extinct species known only from the fossil record.
What is Phylogenetic species?Although species serve a variety of special and essential functions in biology, none are more crucial than their involvement in phylogeny, naming, and biodiversity research. There is no way to divide species into smaller units where shared derived features may be accurately identified. A universally applicable species idea is necessary for biodiversity inventory, evaluation, and conservation. In formal Linnaean classification and zoological nomenclature, species are the fundamental units.
The Biological Species Concept pushed a basic taxonomic problem—what are species?—into a population genetics framework—why are there species?—and has long had only minimal support from most zoologists. Early attempts to develop a phylogenetic species concept concentrated on fixing issues with the biological species concept related to ancestral populations before applying phylogenetic reasoning to the actual species.
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which of the following is true about the evolution of archaea? answer archaea are more closely related to the eukarya domain than the bacteria domain archaea are more closely related to the bacteria domain than the eukarya domain archaea are equally related to the bacteria and eukarya domain i don't know yet
The true statement about archaea domain is: archaea are more closely related to the eukarya domain than the bacteria domain.
The archaea domain is composed of microorganisms that are not found in normal environments. Instead they are found in extreme and harsh habitats like hotsprings, saline environment, acidic conditions, etc. The example of organisms of archaea domain are Methanococcus, Pyrolobus, etc.
Eukarya is the most advanced domain which is comprised of organisms made of eukaryotic cells. The organisms of eukarya can be both unicellular or multicellular. The examples are: plants, animals, humans, etc. Microorganisms like fungi and algae also belong to eukarya.
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the mass of dna per nucleus in a certain fungus ranges from 4 to 10 picograms. nuclei with 5 picograms of dna are most likely derived from cells in which of the following parts of the cell cycle?
The nuclei with 5 picograms of DNA are most likely extracted from cells in the c) G1 phase of the cell cycle.
The G1 phase is the first phase of the cell cycle, during which the cell grows and performs all the metabolic functions necessary for cell division. This phase is also known as the gap phase because it is the period of time between the end of cell division and the beginning of DNA replication.
The G1 phase typically lasts for about 10-12 hours in most cells. During this phase, the cell grows in size and synthesizes all the proteins and other molecules needed for DNA replication.
The cell also replicates its organelles, so that each daughter cell will have a complete set. Finally, the cell checks its DNA to make sure it is intact and ready for replication. If the DNA is damaged, the cell may enter a special checkpoint where it can repair the damage or, if the damage is too severe, the cell may undergo apoptosis (programmed cell death).
Hence the correct option is c).
The complete question is,
the mass of DNA per nucleus in a certain fungus ranges from 4 to 10 picograms. nuclei with 5 picograms of DNA are most likely derived from cells in which of the following parts of the cell cycle?
a)Early M
b) G2
c) G1
d) Late S
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according to research studies, multi-partner fertility (mpf) is more common among mothers who .
Mothers who are expecting their first child extremely late in life frequently suffer from MPF. Metaphase-inducing cell cycle regulatory element that can be injected into amphibian eggs
Does MPF aid in DNA condensation?Once activated, MPF causes chromosomal condensation by phosphorylating condensin, nuclear lamina dissolution by phosphorylating lamin proteins, endomembrane system organelle disintegration by phosphorylating GM130, and mitotic spindle formation by phosphorylating a number of targets.
How are MPFs governed?Cyclin B and the protein kinase Cdc2 make form the dimer known as MPF. Additional research has shown that Cdc2's phosphorylation and dephosphorylation regulate MPF and that cyclin B plays a role in these processes. Cyclin B production in mammalian cells starts during the S phase.
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patella baja refers to a patella that sits in a more superior position than normal question 26 options: true false
The statement that patella baja refers to a patella that sits in a more superior position than normal is false.
Patella is also called the kneecap. It is the largest sesamoid bone present in the human body. The structure of the patella is flat, rounded and triangular that articulates with the femur bone. The function of the patella is to protect the knee joint.
Patella baja is the condition of the knee cap where it becomes mower than the normal. It can arise due to varying reasons like ongenital, acquired, or a combination of the two. Patella baja is also known by the name patella infera.
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find the similarities and differences between photosynthesis and cellular respiration. In your answer include the reactants and products of each and explain how energy is transformed, stored, and released.
Answer:
Both respiration and photosynthesis include energy conversion through biochemical reaction
Both utilize and produce ATP in reations which are carried out by the membrane and controlled by the enzymes
Differences
Photosynthesis converts water and carbon dioxide to oxygen and glucose...
while respiration converts glucose and oxygen into carbon dioxide
A florist places a bouquet of white carnations in water containing blue dye. After a time, the flowers turn blue. What process helped the carnations to change color?.
A florist submerges a vase of white carnations under blue dyed water. Flowers turn blue due to the adhesion and the cohesion of water molecules.
What do carnations symbolize?The carnation flower represents love, enchantment, and distinction, so it's no surprise that it's so popular today and the greatest substitute for rose bouquets. Because of its enduring freshness and aroma, it also adds beauty to any bunch.
How long do carnations live for?If you keep them out of the sun and heat and constantly change the water in the vase, flowers might last at least three weeks. They are also among the most adaptable flowers available and may be colored any color under the sun.
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The region of the brain that encloses the third ventricle and immediately rostral to the brainstem, and includes the thalamus, epithalamus, and hypothalamus is the.
The region of the brain that encloses the third ventricle and immediately rostral to the brainstem, and includes the thalamus, epithalamus, and hypothalamus is the. diencephalon .
Brainstem is the lowest, stalklike portion of your brain. It connects your brain for your spinal wire. Your brainstem sends messages to the rest of your body to modify stability, respiratory, coronary heart rate and extra. unexpected accidents, and brain or coronary heart conditions can also affect how your brainstem works.
The brainstem (mind stem) is the distal part of the brain this is made from the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata. every of the 3 additives has its very own precise structure and function. together, they assist to modify respiration, heart rate, blood stress, and several different crucial features.
A brain stem injury can reason dizziness or loss of motor feature, with more intense cases resulting in paralysis, coma, or dying. treatment may be extremely costly, and many sufferers are unable to work at the same time as coping with a brain stem damage.
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Affecting both areas of the lungs, often including one or more sections, or lobes, of a lung.
The air sacs are filled with pus and other liquid during this acute infection. One or more lung lobes can become infected with lobar pneumonia. In both lungs, areas of both are impacted by bronchial pneumonia, also called bronchopneumonia.
In which lobes does pneumonia occur?Upper, middle, or lower lobe pneumonia are the terms used to describe the pneumonia depending on which lung lobe is involved. The term focal pneumonia is used when there are several multi-lobe localised inflammations in the lungs. If the focused inflammations began in inflamed airways, some people refer to them as bronchopneumonia (bronchi).
How is lung disease referred to?The most widespread lung ailments include: Asthma. partial or complete lung collapse (pneumothorax or atelectasis) Swelling and inflammation in the bronchial tubes, the major passageways.
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The calvin cycle and the krebs cycle are similar in that both ________________________________.
The Calvin cycle and the Krebs cycle are similar in that both create energy and sugar, the cycles are comparable.
The Krebs cycle uses 3-carbon molecules, whereas the Calvin Cycle needs carbon dioxide, making them distinct from one another.
Both the Calvin Cycle and the Krebs Cycle, also called the citric acid cycle, are biological processes that exist in nature. Both internal cell activities are cyclical. Various molecules enter the process and different molecules exit it. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and carbon dioxide are produced by the Krebs Cycle and used as fuel by the Calvin Cycle. Additionally, the Calvin Cycle is an oxygen-free mechanism that only occurs in photosynthetic plants. The Krebs Cycle, on the other hand, takes place in the mitochondria of all types of cells and calls for oxygen.
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Which of the following statements about the acidic nature of gastric juice is true.
a. It partially digests food protein.
b. It converts the inactive digestive enzymes to their active form.
c. It halts the biological activity of proteins.
Answer: b. It converts the inactive digestive enzymes to their active form.
Explanation:
A. It partially digests food protein is true about the acidic nature of gastric juice.
Why is gastric juice acidic?The acidic nature of gastric juice plays a key role in breaking down food in the stomach, particularly protein. The main component of gastric juice is hydrochloric acid, which lowers the pH of the stomach to a highly acidic level, typically between 1.5 and 3.5.
This low pH helps to denature proteins, which makes them easier to break down by digestive enzymes like pepsin. Pepsin is an enzyme that breaks down proteins into smaller polypeptides, and its activity is greatest in an acidic environment.
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student observed that the seeds of peas in the same pod were of different sizes.he wondered if all the seeds in the same pod would grow at the same rate.help the student to plan and design an experiment to find out about the growth of peas from same pod.
In order to measure the growth rate of the seeds from the same pot;
the student should provide the seeds with the same amount of nutrientsthe same amount of waterthe same amount of exposure to sunlightthe student should then measure the increase in length over the same time period for the seedsWhat is growth rate?Growth rate is a measure of the increase in size or length of a living organism over a given period of time.
The growth rate of living organisms depends on such factors as:
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How much more atp is generated from glucose 6-phosphate, compared to glucose, when it is metabolized by the glycolytic pathway?.
2 ATPs are generated from glucose 6-phosphate during the glycolytic pathway.
The glycolysis pathway, which is a series of enzyme-mediated steps, is used to metabolize G6-P in the cytoplasm of the cell. The first step of glycolysis is the isomerization of glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) into fructose-6-phosphate, which creates triose-phosphate and two pyruvate molecules as well as a small amount of ATP (net gain of 2 ATP molecules). The majority of ATP is then produced by the aerobic oxidation of pyruvate in differentiated cells. Although glucose is frequently regarded as the primary energy source for cells, it is actually primarily a major supply of carbon skeletons for cell growth and survival. Indeed, under some circumstances, particularly during prolonged fasting or during cell proliferation, glucose oxidation to CO₂ to provide energy should be avoided to allow the delivery of essential functions.
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photosynthesis is an example of a chemical reaction because: select one: a. exergonic; energy is released by the reaction center b. exergonic; light energy is captured by pigment molecules c. endergonic; light energy is used to build chemical bonds d. endergonic; the reactions occur inside a cell
Photosynthesis is an example of a chemical reaction because: c.) endergonic; light energy is used to build chemical bonds.
What is endergonic reaction?An endergonic reaction requires free energy to proceed and example of an endergonic reaction is photosynthesis. Photosynthetic organisms perform the reaction using solar photons to drive the reduction of carbon dioxide to glucose and oxidation of water to oxygen.
Photosynthesis starts with molecules of water and carbon dioxide. When light is added, then molecules break apart to rearrange into new molecules of glucose and oxygen.
Photosynthesis is an endergonic reaction because plants cannot start the photosynthesis until they absorb light energy. Chlorophyll absorbs the light energy, which is used for the photosynthesis reaction to occur.
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if you keep a steady weight, your hormones . multiple choice question. are blocked from influencing your body's calorie usage maintain a separation between your food intake and energy output of approximately 2,000 calories are actively trying to increase your calorie intake and decrease your energy expenditure maintain your food intake and energy expenditure to within 10 calories of each other
If you keep a steady weight, your hormones: maintain your food intake and energy expenditure to within 10 calories of each other.
Hormones are the chemical messengers of the body. These are the compounds that are released from one organ of the body but their site of action is different. That is the reason why they are called messengers. Hormones are essential for the body's growth and development.
Energy is the most essential component to carry out the various processes of the body. The most commonly used form of energy is ATP. It gives off energy by the hydrolysis of its phosphate bonds. The energy inside the body is measured in the unit called calories.
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a testcross is performed on an individual to examine three linked genes. the most frequent phenotypes of the progeny were abc and abc, and the least frequent phenotypes were abc and abc. what was the genotype of the heterozygous individual that is test-crossed with the correct order of the three genes?
The heterozygous person who was test-crossed with the right combination of the three genes has the genotype BaC/bAc.
What would be the most accurate unit to use to gauge the separation between two connected genes along a chromosome?A centiMorgan is a unit of measurement used to approximation genetic distance along chromosomes (also known as genetic map unit (mu) [94]). The geneticist Thomas Morgan and his student Alfred Sturtevant are credited with coming up with the term [95].
Do two genes have to be on different chromosomes for recombination to occur 50% of the time quizlet? Why or why not.No, two genes on the same chromosome will be connected and the frequency of recombination will be less than 50%.
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which of these methods is likely to be the least accurate in estimating population density? answer counting the number of alligators in a square kilometer of habitat counting the number of oak trees in a forest counting the number of rodent burrows in a given area counting the volume of seed consumed at a bird feeder.
Counting the quantity of seed consumed at a hen feeder of those techniques is probably to be the least correct in estimating populace density.
Scientist uses a quadrat to measure plant population size and density: A quadrat is a square body of known location wherein species of interest can be without problems counted and measured. A field study normally consists of several quadrat samples at random places or alongside a transect in representative habitat.
Populace density is calculated as the whole range of organisms of a species determined in an area divided by using the dimensions of the habitat.
In the U.S., populace density is typically expressed because of the wide variety of people in keeping with rectangular miles of land area. The U.S. cost is calculated by way of dividing the overall U.S. population (316 million in 2013) by the overall U.S. land region (three.5 million square miles).
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Kangaroo body cells have 16 chromosomes. After mitosis, you would expect a resulting kangaroo daughter cell to have.
If a kangaroo has 16 chromosomes, then after mitosis, we would expect the resulting kangaroo daughter cell to have 16 chromosomes.
In the field of biology, mitosis can be described as a process by which all the somatic cells of the body divide and maintain the same number of chromosomes. On the other hand, meiosis can be described as a process by which the gamete cells of the body divide and the chromosome number is halved.
Hence, if a kangaroo has 16 chromosomes in its body cells then this means that the daughter cells will also have 16 chromosomes as a result of mitosis. The chromosome number will remain the same.
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In 3-5 sentences, describe the advantages and disadvantages of using these two different images to model Mitosis.
The advantage of the first model is it used less space for showing stages of mitosis whereas the disadvantage of using this model in Mitosis is that it does not provide detailed information.
What is mitosis cell division?Mitosis is a process of cell division in cells that occurs when a parent cell divides to form two identical daughter cells. During this cell division, diploid daughter cells are produced from a single parent cell while on the other hand, meiosis is a process of cell division in cells that happens when a parent cell divides to form four identical daughter cells. Meiosis refers to the formation of four cells from a single parent having haploid chromosomes. The advantage of the first model is that it provides stages of mitosis by using less space whereas the disadvantage of using this model Mitosis is that it does not provide detailed information. The advantage of the second model is that it does not provide detailed information whereas the disadvantage of using this model of Mitosis is that it provides stages of mitosis by using less space.
So we can conclude that the advantage of the first model is the disadvantage of the second model and vice versa.
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The main disadvantage of using the first image to model mitosis is the presence of other stages of the cell cycle (e.g. the S phase). Moreover, the disadvantage of using the second image to model mitosis refers it involves meiotic division (meiosis II division) instead of mitosis.
What is the mitosis process?The expression of the mitosis process makes reference to this type of cell division which is characterized to form two daughter cells with identical genetic material when compared to the parental cell.
In contrast, meiosis divides to half the amount of genetic material in the resulting daughter cell as occurs in the second image.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that the mitosis process is the cell division for which a cell generates two daughter cells that exhibit identical genetic material when compared to the parental cell, conversely to meiosis where this number is reduced to half.
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a scientist is evaluating the hemoglobin in mountain goats compared to the hemoglobin in normal barnyard goats. how will the hemoglobin in these two goat species compare? please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. answer choices given that mountain goats tend to live at higher altitudes, these goats will have hemoglobin with a greater oxygen-binding affinity compared to the hemoglobin of barnyard goats. as these are both goat species, mountain goats and barnyard goats will have the same type of hemoglobin (with the same binding affinity for oxygen). given that barnyard goats tend to live at lower altitudes, these goats will have hemoglobin with a greater oxygen-binding affinity compared to the hemoglobin of mountain goats. given that mountain goats tend to live at higher altitudes, hemoglobin in these goats will have more heme groups than the hemoglobin of barnyard goats. given that barnyard goats tend to live at lower altitudes, hemoglobin in these goats will have more heme groups than the hemoglobin of mountain goats.
These goats will have haemoglobin that is more capable of binding oxygen than barnyard goat haemoglobin.
What is the primary advantage of blood having haemoglobin?Your blood's haemoglobin helps carry oxygen from your lungs to your tissues. In muscle cells, myoglobin receives, transports, stores, and releases oxygen.
What occurs when the blood's haemoglobin levels rise?High haemoglobin levels can cause symptoms such as weariness, bruising easily, and dizziness. Your doctor may advise treatment to get rid of extra red blood cells from your blood depending on the underlying reason of excessive haemoglobin. A medical expert from Cleveland Clinic last examined it on 06/20/2022.
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A student analyzes a cross section of earths layers.
Which letter corresponds to a trench in the cross section?
1. L
2. M
3. N
4. O
Answer:
o
Explanation:
Letter M corresponds to a trench in the cross section of earth layers. Therefore, option (B) is correct.
What is a trench?Subduction is a geophysical process in which two or more of the Earth's tectonic plates converge, and the older, denser plate is pushed beneath the lighter plate and deep into the mantle, causing the seafloor and outermost crust (the lithosphere) to bend and form a steep, V-shaped depression.
These regions, which are known as deep sea trenches, have depths that are nearly three times greater than the typical depth of the sea bottom. The trench zones are distinguished by total obscurity as well as unfathomable pressures that can reach up to 16,000 pounds per square inch.
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What is the advantage of the branching design of the bronchioles on our lungs into 700 million alveoli?
Your lungs' principal airways (bronchi) split into bronchioles, which are progressively smaller passageways that join to tiny air sacs (alveoli).
The lungs have a high surface area to volume ratio due to the many and tiny size of the alveoli. This removes the constraints often imposed by the concomitant increase in size and weight of the gas exchange system, allowing animals to grow to considerably bigger sizes.
What about lungs?Respiration, a process of gas exchange, is the major purpose of the lungs (or breathing).Carbon dioxide, a waste product of metabolism, leaves the blood during breathing while oxygen from the incoming air enters. Reduced lung function refers to the lungs' diminished capacity to exchange gasses. When you breathe in and out, you may have lung pain on one or both sides of your chest. Technically, because the lungs have so few pain receptors, the discomfort isn't emanating from inside them. Instead, the lining of the lungs, which does include pain receptors, might be the source of the discomfort.Networks of intricate tubes that make up our two lungs are hung on each side of the heart in the chest cavity by a support system formed of elastic fibers. The nose serves as an air filter by capturing dust particles on its hairs as it draws air in through the mouth and other openings. Most people can survive, if necessary, with one lung as opposed to two. Unless the other lung is destroyed, one lung can often produce adequate oxygen and eliminate enough carbon dioxide. The surgeon creates an incision on the side of your body during a pneumonectomy.Learn more about lungs here:
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Match the correct term with the corresponding definition or description.
The picture below provides the solution. Enlarge the text to read it.
coenzyme a, nad , and fad are coenzymes that are necessary for energy production. determine whether the phrases describe coenzyme a, nad , or fad.
The phrases describe Coenzyme A as it forms part of acetyl-CoA, which is part of the citric acid cycle, NAD+ as it accepts two electrons and one proton when it is reduced, and FAD as it accepts two hydrogen atoms when it is reduced.
The vitamin pantothenic acid serves as a source of coenzyme A (B5). The vitamin nicotinamide is the source of NAD+. The nutrient riboflavin is used to make FAD (B2). Ribonucleoside adenosine at one end, a chemically functional group (pantetheine, nicotinamide, or riboflavin) at the other, and a pyrophosphate linking the two groups are unexpected structural similarities among CoA, NAD, and FAD despite their extremely diverse chemical functions.
Coenzyme A (CoA), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) are three common coenzymes that participate in a number of acyl group transfer and electron/hydride transfer processes in metabolism.
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Dna replication relies on the blank______ of dna strands according to the blank______ rule.
DNA replication relies on the ___complementarity___ of DNA strands according to the ___AT/GC___ rule.
Define DNA replication.DNA replication is the process by which genomic DNA is copied into cells. Before a cell can divide, it must first copy (or replicate) its entire genome so that each resulting daughter cell has its own complete genome. This is a semi-conservative process, meaning that each new copy of DNA contains one parent strand and one new strand of the original DNA. Replication is an essential process because each time a cell divides, the two new daughter cells must contain the same genetic information or DNA as the parent cell. It is found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells and the nucleoid region of prokaryotic cells. DNA replication occurs in the S phase of the cell cycle before cell division
The principle of complementarity governs both transcription and DNA replication due to the fact that when two DNA or RNA sequences are arranged antiparallel to each other, the nucleotide bases at each position in the sequences are complementary or mirror images.
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More sustainable forestry includes which of the following?
a. leave most standing dead trees for nutrient cycling and wildlife habitat.
b. provide gov subsidies for lumber industry
c. prevent all forest fires
d. increase logging in old growth forests
e. promote widespread tree plantations
More sustainable forestry includes . provide gov subsidies for lumber industry.
Forestry is the technological know-how and craft of making, managing, planting, the use of, holding and repairing forests, woodlands, and related assets for human and environmental benefits.
Forestry occupations recognition at the healthful boom and upkeep of woodlands and parks. this can include wildland fireplace oversight or suppression efforts. Advances in era allow workers to monitor these lands with precision.
The Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and looking sector accommodates establishments mostly engaged in growing crops, raising animals, harvesting wooden, and harvesting fish and different animals from a farm, ranch, or their herbal habitats.
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PLSSS HELP IF YOU TURLY KNOW THISS
Answer:
A. Soil
Explanation:
I'm pretty smart
Answer: trees
Explanation: trees are actively producing oxgen
Abiotic factors are all of the non-living things in an ecosystem. What are some of the abiotic limiting factors in the scrub-jays population?
Some of the abiotic limiting factors in the scrub-jays population include:
TemperatureClimate changeWhat are some of the abiotic factors that limit the scrub-jays population?
Scrub-jays are social birds that are territorial, they are omnivorous, and can eat insects. They are non-migratory birds.
The abiotic limiting factors are the non-living factors that could affect the scrub-jays population.
Some of these abiotic factors are:
Temperature: High temperatures and extreme cold temperatures can affect the metabolic rate of the scrub-jays population. Climate change: Though, migratory birds are vulnerable to climate change, however, climate change affects the weather in the habitat where the scrub-jay population is found. Climate change could result in habitat loss which affects food availability.In summary, other abiotic factors such as water, also affect the scrub-jays population
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Considering that the mature sporophytes of true mosses get their nutrition from the gametophytes on which they grow, and considering these generations as individual plants, what is true of the relationship between true moss sporophytes and gametophytes?.
The true statement about the relationship between true moss sporophytes and gametophytes is: (d) Sporophytes are parasites of gametophytes.
Sporophyte is the part of the life cycle in plants where the plants are asexual and in diploid phase of their life. The plants produce spores during this stage. In vascular plants sporophyte is the dominant stage of life.
Parasites are the organisms that live inside or outside an organism and depend upon that organism for their food as well. Apart from extracting food, the parasites also provide some kind of harm to the host they live in. Sporophytes are called parasites because they directly developed from the fertilized egg in archegonia.
The given question is incomplete, the complete question is:
Considering that the mature sporophytes of true mosses get their nutrition from the gametophytes on which they grow, and considering these generations as individual plants, what is true of the relationship between true moss sporophytes and gametophytes?
a. Sporophytes are endosymbionts of gametophytes.
b. Sporophytes are mutualists of gametophytes.
c. Sporophytes are commensalist of gametophytes.
d. Sporophytes are parasites of gametophytes.
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a biologist uses the chi-square test to determine whether the observed distribution of species matches an expected theoretical distribution. the chi-square test yields a test statistic of .
Biologist uses the chi-square test to determine whether observed species distributions match expected theoretical distributions. The chi-square test statistic increases as the difference between the observed and expected proportions increases.
What is the chi-square test?The chi-square test (denoted symbolically as χ2) is essentially an analysis of data based on observations of a random set of variables. This is typically a comparison of two statistical data sets. This test was introduced by Karl Pearson in 1900 for categorical data analysis and distributions. This is a statistical hypothesis test used in contingency analysis when the sample size is large. Simply put, the main purpose of this test is to test whether two categorical variables have independent effects on the test statistic.
The chi-square test is most useful when analyzing crosstabulations of survey response data.
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Dicu how croing-over lead to greater variability of phenotype. Give an example to help explain your anwer
In Crossing-over, a part of the chromosome will be exchanged with another part in phenotype.
Crossover provides for the exchange of DNA sequences between homologous chromosomes during meiosis. This process forms a new arrangement of the genetic information stored on the maternal and paternal chromosomes. New combinations of genes residing on the same chromosome increase the genetic diversity of offspring, making them different from their parents.
For example, one chromosome contains two mutated genes of hers that affect a particular trait in an organism. Without crossbreeding, both mutated genes are passed on to offspring. However, the process of crossover can segregate genes between two homologous chromosomes. Since only one of the homologous chromosomes is inherited from one parent, the odds of inheriting both mutated genes are reduced and the offspring will have only one mutated gene of hers.
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