The first phase of both aerobic and anaerobic respiration is known as glycolysis. Therefore, it is most likely that this method for converting cellular energy came into being first.
What are the three basic mechanisms through which cells produce energy?Glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain are three distinct metabolic pathways that work together to form cellular respiration. While the other two mechanisms are aerobic, glycolysis is anaerobic.
Which came first, oxygen or photosynthesis?The process of photosynthesis is what allows for sophisticated life to exist on Earth. Photosynthesis is also the source of all oxygen on our planet. Both oxygenic and anoxygenic photosynthesis is possible. Oxygenic photosynthesis splits water molecules with the help of light energy, releasing oxygen, electrons, and protons.
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What is meant by the net movement of particles
Answer: The number of the molecules moving in the direction of the forces minus the number of the molecules moving in other direction
Explanation: The number of the molecules moving in the direction of the forces minus the number of the molecules moving in other direction is the net movement of the molecules.
Explanation:
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Explain how mammals regulate their body temperature and relate this to their body size
Answer: Mammals control their body temperature with the help of a gland, called hypothalamus. It is a type of thermoregulatory gland.
Explanation: There is a gland present in mammals that control body temperature called the hypothalamus. Hypothalamus is a type of thermoregulatory center that regulates heat loss and is production.
The hypothalamic center is influenced by nerve impulses from receptors near the skin and the temperature of the blood flowing through it.
Mammals can stay cool in many ways. For eg: Cells release a type of chemical called heat shock chemicals that helps in adjusting the temperatures. Other ways include sweating, drinking cool water and panting, to lower the body temperature. Seeking relief from the sun in warm dry climates is another way mammals, including humans, try to cool off.
Mammals usually regulate their body temperature by keeping their metabolic rate high. The cells of mammals have many more mitochondria than the cells of other animals. The size of the body is inversely related to the efficiency of temperature regulation in mammals.
How does size affect the regulation of temperature?Small mammals have a greater surface area in relation to their volume (surface area to volume ratio). This means that they have a greater amount of surface through which to lose heat in relation to their size. So large mammals stay hotter for longer.
The presence of extra mitochondria in larger mammals generates enough energy to keep the rate of metabolism high. Mammals can also generate little bursts of heat by shivering. A small mammal has a greater surface area for its size compared to an adult mammal. That is why a small mammal, as well as a baby, is more prone to heat loss. Larger mammals can keep their heat for a longer time.
Therefore, mammals usually regulate their body temperature by keeping their metabolic rate high.
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. In the picture below, in which direction will water move?
into the cell
out of the cell
Answer: into the cell
Explanation:
effects of bilobed placenta
i think the answer is biabets
2. In which of the following processes does change take place over the longest
period of time?
a. evolution
b. respiration
c. exocytosis
hd. photosynthesis
Answer:
Im pretty sure its a
Explanation:
because evolution is never ending
How many germ (cell) layers are present in acoelomates? Explain your answer
one predator avoidance mechanism that has evolved in prey is secretion of enzymes that break down toxic plant compounds. development of a short gestation period. chemical defenses and bright coloration. secretion of digestive enzymes that hydrolyze glucose.
One predator avoidance mechanism that has evolved in prey is secretion of enzymes that break down toxic plant compounds is chemical defense.
Predation makes all the people withinside the populations being preyed upon much less fit. Predation does not have any long time results on prey organisms. Predation will make prey organisms wait longer to reproduce. The best-recognized examples of predation contain carnivores interactions, wherein one animal consumes another. Think of wolves looking moose, owls looking mice, or shrews looking worms and insects. Less apparent carnivorous interactions contain many small people eating a bigger one.
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Increase in the enzymatic activity of some protein kinases important for the regulation of the cell cycle are due to...a) kinase synthesis by ribosomesb) activation of inactive kinases by binding to cyclinsc) conversion of inactive cyclins to active kinases by means of phosphorylationd) cleavage of the inactive kinase molecules by cytoplasmic proteasese) a decline in external growth factors to a concentration below the inhibitory thresholdAnswe: b) activation of inactive kinases by binding to cyclins
An increase in the enzymatic activity of some protein kinases important for the regulation of the cell cycle is due to b) activation of inactive kinases by binding to cyclins.
The process by which a cell prepares for and successfully divides is referred to as the cell cycle. A number of checkpoints and proofreading of cellular processes are part of the cell cycle.
activation of a protein known as cyclin-dependent kinase, which is necessary for cell cycle regulation processes and binds to cyclin proteins during the cell cycle. The cell produces these proteins in varying amounts and at various times.
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diagram 1 depicts . during this part of ventilation, the rib cage moves , pressure in the lungs , and air is pushed . the diaphragm and moves down.
In inspiration, during this part of ventilation, the rib cage moves up, pressure in the lungs decreases, and air is pushed into the lungs. The diaphragm contracts and moves down.
The human respiratory system refers to an efficient system of inspiring and expiring respiratory gases that occur in the lungs. Inspiration or inhalation refers to the process of taking air into the lungs. It is the active phase of ventilation as it occurs as the result of muscle contraction. During inspiration, the diaphragm contracts and pull downward. The thoracic cavity increases in volume and pressure in the lungs decreases. This decreases the interalveolar pressure so that air flows into the lungs.
Note: The question is incomplete. The complete question probably is: Diagram 1 depicts inspiration. During this part of ventilation, the rib cage moves up, pressure in the lungs ________, and air is pushed into the lungs. The diaphragm ________ and moves down.
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Individual prokaryote cells are about ________ eukaryote cells; collectively, all prokaryote cells on Earth ________.O the same size as; weigh about one-tenth O the total mass of eukaryote cells much larger than; weigh about 10 times as much as O the total mass of eukaryote cells much smaller than; weigh about one-tenth O the total mass of eukaryote cells the same size as; weigh about 10 times as much as O the total mass of eukaryote cells much smaller than; weigh about 10 times as much as the total mass of eukaryote cells
Individual prokaryote cells are about one-tenth as big as eukaryote cells; collectively, all prokaryote cells on Earth weigh about ten times as much as the total mass of eukaryote cells.
Most prokaryotes are single-celled organisms belonging to the Bacteria and Archaea domains. All prokaryotes lack membrane-bound organelles but do have DNA, ribosomes, cytoplasm, and plasma membranes. Also common are capsules with polysaccharides. Prokaryotic cells have diameters between 0.1 and 5.0 m. A eukaryotic cell is similar to a prokaryotic cell in that it has a plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and ribosomes. However, eukaryotic cells are typically larger than prokaryotic cells, have a true nucleus (meaning that its DNA is surrounded by a membrane), and have additional membrane-bound organelles that enable functional compartmentalization. Prokaryotic cells are typically 10–100 times smaller than eukaryotic cells in size.
Hence, prokaryotes lack complete so can easily replicates.
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North American gray wolves range from Arctic regions to Mexico. Arctic wolves are large,
thickly-muscled, and have white fur, while Mexican wolves are small and have gray fur. Infer
from the data in the diagram above how scientists classify organisms of the same species,
such as the Arctic wolf and Mexican wolf, which have significantly different traits.
In order to keep their bodies warm, Arctic wolves are smaller than Grey Wolves. They also have smaller ears and shorter muzzles. Length: Including the tail, between 1-1.8 m. Caribou, muskox, and Arctic hares make up the bulk of the arctic wolf's diet. Thus, option A is correct.
What gray wolves range from Arctic regions to Mexico?The Chihuahuan and Sonoran deserts, as well as mountain woods, are among the environments where Mexican gray wolves can be found.
Therefore, From the Arctic to Mexico, gray wolves can be found in North America. Mexican wolves are petite and have gray fur, but Arctic wolves are huge, heavily muscled, and have white fur.
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The concentration of free Ca2+ in the cytosol of an unstimulated cell is kept low compared with its concentration in both the extracellular fluid and the endoplasmic reticulum. Which of the following help to maintain this difference?Ca2+ pumps in the plasma membrane and the ER membrane
Sarco/Endoplasmic Reticulum Calcium ATPases (SERCA enzymes) provide an active, ATP-dependent gradient of several thousand-fold calcium ion concentration between the cytosol (low nanomolar) and the ER lumen.
CA is released from the endoplasmic reticulum in what way?In response to a range of signals, including neurotransmitters and neurotrophic factors, calcium is released from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in neurons (Rizzuto 2001). Inositol trisphosphate (IP3) receptors and ryanodine receptors are two separate types of ER calcium channels that mediate calcium release.
Which of the following best describes how cellular compartmentalization enhances process efficiency?A high surface-area-to-volume ratio is the outcome of compartmentalization within a cell.
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Amino acids are used to build
Answer:
Proteins
Explanation:
The building blocks of proteins are amino acids
Mechanical energy is associated with the forces that hold particles together in an atom's nucleus.
Answer:
False - Explanation: Mechanical energy is associated with the motion and position of an object.
If there are 20 individuals in a population, the genotypes of the population in generation 1 are as follows AA=1, AB=13, BB=6. After 10 generations are AA=5,AB=12 and BB=3. What can be said about the population?
The population of AA increases but on the other hand AB and BB the population decreases after 10th generation.
What is genotype?The genetic makeup of an individual is called their genotype. The two alleles that a person has inherited for a single gene are referred to by this phrase in more detail.
Here for Generation 1, AA = 1, AB = 13, BB = 6
After 10 years it changes AA = 5,AB = 12 and BB =3.
Because AA genotype is generate new genes and alleles, increasing genetic variety In a population, new genetic diversity may be formed within generations, hence a population with a fast rate of reproduction would most likely have a high level of genetic variety.
On the other hand, for AB and BB is decrease in no because:
Rare alleles can disappear due to genetic drift, which can also shrink the gene pool. According to the theory that genetic drift contributes to the development of new species, genetic drift can also result in a new population being genetically diverse from its ancestral population.
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Volcano comes from the word Vulcan in which language name?
Roman
Venetian
Latin
Greek
Volcano is an etymology from the word Vulcan in Latin, 3rd option.
What is etymology?Etymology is the study of the origin and history of words. It explains how words are coined and what languages they originate from. There are different languages that bear meaning to the lot of scientific or science related words. For example logos means study in Greek which "logy" from "biology" is a derivative of.
Similarly, Volcano comes from the Latin word "Vulcan" the Roman god of fire and French, volcan. The name was originated in the Mediterranean sea of Sicily, Italy.
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Older adults should participate in muscle-strengthening exercise at least
twice a week.
once a week.
twice a month.
three times a week.
Muscle-building exercise should be done by older persons at least twice a week.
How much muscle-strengthening exercise do older adults need?Sedentary behaviour, chronic non-communicable diseases, and falls in the elderly are all linked to all-cause mortality. At least two days a week should be dedicated to physical activity to build your muscles. Exercises should target your entire body's primary muscle groups, including your legs, hips, back, chest, belly, shoulders, and arms. Along with your cardiovascular exercise, you should perform muscle-building exercises.
The minimal requirements for fall prevention include a balancing exercise protocol performed three or more times per week and a muscular strengthening programme that targets the primary lower limbs performed at least twice per week.
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Which of the following statements is NOT true about costs in the U.S. health care system?
New technologies are lowering costs.
Growing rates of obesity are pushing costs higher.
The U.S. spends more on health care than any other nation.
Overtreatment is an issue.
New technologies are lowering costs is the statements is NOT true about costs in the U.S. health care system.
What health care system does the US have?Both in terms of per capita spending and as a proportion of GDP, the US spends significantly more on health care than any other country. Despite this, the nation's healthcare outcomes are noticeably inferior than those of its peer countries. The United States is the only developed country without a system of universal health care, and a significant section of its population lacks health insurance, which significantly contributes to the excess mortality rate in the country.Insurance corporations, healthcare organisations, hospital networks, and independent providers are just a few of the many different groups that deliver healthcare. Health care facilities are primarily owned and run by private sector companies.To learn more about health care system refer :
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How do products work on the enzyme
Answer:
A substrate enters the active site of the enzyme. This forms the enzyme-substrate complex. The reaction then occurs, converting the substrate into products and forming an enzyme products complex. The products then leave the active site of the enzyme.
Explanation:
In the cell, the site of oxygen utilization is the
a) nucleus.
b) chloroplast.
c) endoplasmic reticulum.
d) mitochondrion.
e) cytosol
The correct option is (d) mitochondrion, the site of oxygen utilization in the cell.
The fundamental structural and operational unit of all living things is the cell. A variety of macromolecules, such as proteins, DNA, and RNA, as well as a large number of small molecules that constitute nutrients and metabolites are found in each cell's cytoplasm, which is encircled by a membrane. The word cellula, which means "small apartment" in Latin, is where the phrase gets its name. Protein synthesis, DNA repair, replication, and motility are just a few of the operations that cells can carry out internally in addition to developing specialized capabilities. Cells can migrate around and specialize within the cell. Most cells are measured in micrometers due to their tiny size. The bulk of plant and animal cells, which range in size from 1 to 100 micrometers, can only be seen under a light microscope. An extremely detailed cell structure can be seen with electron microscopy, which has a much better resolution. Unicellular (consisting of just one cell, like bacteria) and multicellular are the two categories of creatures (including plants and animals). The bulk of unicellular creatures are microorganisms.
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What are your thoughts on extraterrestrial life in our galaxy/universe?Do you think there is life elsewhere? Where might we find it?What might that life look like, or how might it be different from what we know?Would it be primitive or developed/intelligent?Would that other life form try to explore the galaxy/universe or find other life forms like us?
There are invisible companion bodies in their orbit that are as huge as large planets, and we have discovered these bodies. processes that led to the emergence of life on Earth must be widespread in the cosmos.
What three types of universes are there?The universe can have one of three basic forms: a flat one with Euclidean or zero curvature, a spherical one with positive curvature, or an open one with hyperbolic curvature (negative curvature).
Greater than the universe is what?No, every solar system and galaxy can be found in the cosmos. The Milky Way Galaxy contains hundreds of billions of stars, including our Sun, while the universe itself is made up of billions of galaxies.
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What is different about the digestive tract of the Earthworm when compared to the Salamander?
The digestive tract of the earthworm and the salamander are similar in some ways, but they also have some differences. Both animals have a simple, linear digestive tract that consists of the mouth, esophagus, crop, gizzard, and intestine. However, the earthworm has a smaller and simpler digestive tract than the salamander.
One of the main differences between the digestive tracts of the earthworm and the salamander is the presence of glands. The salamander has several glands in its digestive tract, including the salivary glands, liver, and pancreas, which produce digestive enzymes and hormones that help to break down food and absorb nutrients. In contrast, the earthworm does not have any glands in its digestive tract, and it relies on the mechanical grinding action of its gizzard to break down food.
Another difference between the digestive tracts of the earthworm and the salamander is the presence of a stomach. The salamander has a muscular stomach that is used to store and churn food, which helps to break it down and mix it with digestive enzymes. The earthworm, on the other hand, does not have a stomach, and it does not have the ability to store food for extended periods of time.
Overall, the digestive tract of the earthworm is smaller and simpler than that of the salamander, and it lacks some of the specialized structures and functions that are found in the salamander's digestive tract.
Make a punnett square to show the predicted results from a cross between a person who is heterozygous for curly hair and one that is homozygous recessive for that trait. Use the letter H to represent the genotypes.
H h
h Hh hh
h Hh hh
50% chance of either trait
A gene is the information required to make an RNA or protein product, a(n) ______ is a variant version of a particular gene.
A mutation is a different version of a specific gene, whereas a gene is the information needed to create an RNA or protein product.
What are genes, and what do they do? Is a gene an RNA segment that helps make proteins?A gene is a region of DNA needed to make a single protein. Since genes contain the genetic information for proteins consisting of hundreds or thousands of amino acids, they are often hundreds or thousands of base pairs long. The instructions needed to create the useful molecules known as proteins are found in the majority of genes.
What do you name a gene variant?Depending on where they occur and whether they change the way that critical proteins operate, gene variations, also known as mutations, can have different implications on health.
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What is a volcano ?
Gap in the earths crust/surface
Gap in a mountain
Gap in the earths core
Gap in the earths mantle
In part, the impulsivity of adolescence reflects the fact that brain development occurs more slowly in the brain's ______ than in its ____.
Answer:
Covalent and bonds
Explanation:
bonds that are covalent
Researchers studying guppies in Trinidad found that guppies in streams with high predation reproduced earlier and more frequently. Which of the following is most important in driving the guppies to change their life history in face of predation?
The guppies are an opportunistic species.
The following is most important in driving the guppies to change their life history in face of predation the guppies are an opportunistic species.
Researchers studying guppies in Trinidad found that guppies breed faster and more often in streams with high predation levels. Guppies are an opportunistic species. The ones with the brightest colors, as they can attract more mates.
Larger offspring have increased buoyancy for accessing food in toxic or dark environments. Organisms without hard parts are the least likely to fossilize. Fossils of soft organisms from bacteria to jellyfish are extremely rare. Plotting exponential growth against time reveals a sigmoidal curve. Plotting exponential growth against time reveals a J-shaped curve.
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Does anyone know the correct pairs for theese
latitude affect johannes bung, south africa, has higher average annual temperature than dublin, Ireland.
what is latitude?
Latitude and longitude are the coordinates that, together, tells exact location of an object on the surface of the Earth.
Latitude defines the position of the object or anything between the North Pole and the South Pole where equator is zero degrees, the North Pole is 90 degrees North, and the South Pole is 90 degrees .
latitude lines which run across the Earth from east to west at a constant latitude, for example it would be the equator, which is at zero degrees of latitude
it is the major indicator of navigation where the path of the sun is different depending on the object's latitude, so it varies based on the time of year.
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which of the following is classified as an insoluble fiber? A. mucilage B. cellulose C. pectin D. gums
The insoluble fiber is cellulose that is option B.
What is cellulose ?Plant cell walls are composed of cellulose, a type of fiber. You ingest cellulose when you eat plant-based meals. The addition of cellulose helps many other foods with various features, from reduced calorie or diet foods to shredded cheese. There are supplements that contain cellulose.
The body cannot digest cellulose because it is an insoluble form of fiber. When you consume a piece of celery, its other nutrients are digested, but the cellulose passes through your system undigested. Your health gains from this in a number of significant ways.
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An acellular entity composed of a small circular RNA molecule without a capsid and capable of replicating its genome is known as which of the following? A) prion B) virion C) viroid D) virus
An acellular entity composed of a small circular RNA molecule without a capsid and capable of replicating its genome is known as Viroid.
Viruses, Viroid, Virion and PrionLet’s find out the difference among Prion, virion, viroid and virus.
Viruses and sub viral particles together are all categorized as non living infectious agents.
Viruses are acellular, only made of a protein coat or a capsid, which protect the genetic information, either DNA or RNA and sometime have envelopes. They are small so that they don’t have organelle.
There are two types of sub viral particles, viroids and prions.
Viroids are smaller than viruses because they’re only made of a single strand of circular RNA, with no protein coat (capsid). They are only found on infecting the plants.
Prions come from the word proteinaceous infectious particles. Prion have no genetic material. That means no RNA or DNA at all. They are only made of proteins. So prions are different from viruses and viroids.
Virion are what we call whole viruses. Virion is a complete, fully developed, infectious viral particle composed of nucleic acid and surrounded by a protein coat.
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