unusable materials are not stored, they are pooped out of the body
hiv-1 a.belongs to the lentivirus family. b.integrates as a provirus. c.all of the answers are correct. d.none of the answers are correct. e.is a retrovirus.
HIV belongs to retroviruses. HIV-1 is the common type of Human Immunodeficiency Virus that attacks immune system of the body and the virus destroys CD4 cells.
What is HIV-1?Human immunodeficiency virus is divided into : HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 was discovered first and is more prevalent whereas HIV-2 is less pathogenic and mostly confined to West Africa.
HIV-1 severely damages the immune system and leads to Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS).
HIV is a retrovirus, which means that it carries single-stranded RNA as its genetic material rather than double-stranded DNA that human cells carry. Retroviruses have the enzyme reverse transcriptase, which allows it to copy RNA into DNA and use that DNA copy to infect human or host cells.
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Imagine a transmembrane molecule that lies in the plasma membrane and acts as a receptor for an extracellular signaling molecule. When the ligand-binding domain is inserted into the er during synthesis of this transmembrane molecule, will it lie on the lumen side of the er or the cytoplasm side?.
The ligand-binding domain will be located within the ER lumen, passing through the golgi in the same orientation. Imagine a transmembrane molecule that sits on the plasma membrane and serves as a receptor for an extracellular signaling molecule.
Transmembrane proteins are synthesized by the protein-making machines of ribosomes found on the surface of a cell compartment called the endoplasmic reticulum. As the ribosome makes the new protein, it enters the endoplasmic reticulum membrane where it folds into the correct shape. proteins cannot be released in this way. These proteins are called integral membrane proteins. If too many hydrophobic regions are exposed and the protein cannot fold correctly, the mannose residues are removed and the protein is directed back to the cytosol via a ubiquitin ligase complex in the ER membrane.
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1. Determine the effects of three different temperatures on the growth rates of juvenile largemouth bass, juvenile crayfish, and filamentous algae.
2. Determine the effects of a tenfold increase in dissolved phosphorus on the same organisms' and their growth rates.
After 10 weeks, the largemouth bass fish increased in size from 200 to 300. In 10 weeks, the crayfish's mass increased from 2 to 4.5. Actually, there was no genuine growth of the algae. It changed a little but didn't expand.
What are the effects of 3 different Temperatures on the growth rates of juvenile largemouth bass ?Instead of being 18 or 19, that same 4-pound bass could be 6 or 7 years old. Not all Northern bass live to be 19, just as not all Southern bass reach a weight of 10 pounds.
Small insects, scuds, baitfish, and shrimp make up the majority of the diet of juvenile largemouth bass. The bass will start eating bigger prey as it gets older. Shad, bluegill, crawfish, snails, snakes, frogs, small aquatic birds, young alligators, and lizards are some examples of this.
The biologist aged Lenegar's bass, looked through the fisheries literature, and discovered that the oldest bass recorded was 18, establishing the New York bass as a record. Lenegar's bass most likely would have set a weight record as well if it had resided in Lake Okeechobee.
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when two species emerge in different habitats after one has been separated from its parent population, they have undergone:
Allopatric speciation is the term for this. Five different kinds of speciation exist: allopatric, peripatric, parapatric, sympatric, and artificial.
What is it referred to as when a new species rapidly changes from the parent species?According to the progressive speciation theory, species diverge slowly over time in discrete phases. In the punctuated equilibrium paradigm, a species swiftly transforms from the parent species and then essentially stays the same for a very long time.
What occurs when two populations split off?This article's main thesis is that groups that are geographically separated from one another will diverge, both physically and genetically. Both natural selection and random chance—also known as genetic drift—can cause these alterations, which lead to reproductive isolation.
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What type of neuron carries impulses from all parts of the body to the central nervous system?.
This is a cloud, a stratus cloud, that forms close to the surface of the earth. We call this
A) dew.
B) fog.
C) hail.
D) humidity.
Answer:
Fog
Step-By-Step Explanation:
the efficiency of a solar cell is defined as the percentage of the total energy input that does useful work.
Most solar panels nowadays have an energy efficiency rating of 11 to 15%, which is the proportion of solar energy converted into usable power.
What is the definition of a solar cell's efficiency?The efficiency of a solar cell is defined as the ratio of solar cell output to energy input from the sun's beams. When comparing the performance of one solar cell to another, efficiency is an indication.
Solar cells are limited by the substance from which they are produced. Today, silicon is the most extensively used material for solar cells; nevertheless, despite its success, it has a theoretical efficiency limit of around 29 percent.
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if venereal syphilis has antigens similar to type a blood, which individuals would exhibit increased resistance:
Syphilis can be contracted through making contact with such a chancre, the sore, that is a sign of the illness.Chancres may form inside, close to, or on the pnis.
What three types of antigens are there?Your body contains three different types of antigen-presenting cells: B cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages.One of its responsibilities is to play detective by pointing out potential invaders to the immune system's other cells.
What kinds of things are antigens?Antigens are compounds, typically proteins, located on the surface of bacteria, fungi, viruses, or cells.Antigens can also include nonliving things including poisons, chemicals, medications, and foreign objects (like a splinter).
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manifestations of brain tumors are focal disturbances in brain function and increased icp. what causes the focal disturbances manifested by brain tumors?
Brain edema and disturbances in blood flow cause focal disturbances in brain function and increased ICP in case of a brain tumor.
Increased ICP and localized abnormalities in brain function are caused by intracranial malignancies. Brain compression, tumor infiltration, abnormalities in blood flow, and brain edema can contribute to focal disturbances. Blood pressure changes, whether they are higher or lower, are not signs of a brain tumor. A rise in pressure within the brain itself may also contribute to an increase in intracranial pressure. This may be brought on by a mass (such as a tumour), bleeding into the brain or the surrounding fluid, or swelling inside the brain. A dangerous and potentially fatal medical condition is a rise in intracranial pressure.
Hence, brain edema hampers blood flow result larger damage.
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primary rna transcripts from a gene are sometimes spliced in different ways and can produce multiple different mrnas.
Different mRNAs and proteins can be produced from the same RNA transcript through alternative splicing, which occurs in some transcripts.
What is the mRNA splicing procedure?A newly created precursor messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) transcript is converted into a mature messenger RNA through the molecular biology process of RNA splicing (mRNA). Exons are rejoined when the introns (RNA's non-coding regions) have all been removed (coding regions).
How can one mRNA be used to make several proteins?In both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms, numerous ribosomes can translate several messenger RNAs at once. A new ribosome can connect to the mRNA and start the synthesis of a new polypeptide chain once the first one has left the starting site.
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what does the epidermis help the leaf with?
The epidermis is the remotest subcaste of cells generated from the protoderm that covers the stem, root, splint, flower, fruit, and seed sections of a factory. The moldable cuticle of the epidermis acts as a hedge against infection, water loss, and mechanical detriment.
What about epidermis?Botanically speaking, the epidermis is the face, single- layered caste of cells that covers a plant, particularly the flake and immature vascular plant corridor like stems and roots.In vascular shops, the dermal napkins are called epidermis and periderm.The barricade separating the plant from the outside world is the epidermis.Pavement cells, guard cells, and the attachment cells that compass the stomata and trichomes, sometimes known as flake hairs, are the three introductory cell types that make up the plant epidermis.Conical cells, a kind of trichome, are also formed in the epidermis of petals.The cuticle, a functional permeability barricade of the cell wall that inhibits devilish water loss and the entry of dangerous agents and pathogens into the host, is formed by the plant epidermis and serves as its primary function.The epidermis is the flake's outermost caste.On either side of the flake, the top and lower epidermis make up this caste.Botanists designate the undermost side as the abaxial face and the upper side as the adaxial face.Gas control is backed by the epidermis.Learn more about epidermis here:
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during the first few minutes of physical activity the body relies on anaerobic energy production form atp and what other high-energy molecule?
The "ATP-CP" fuels the first 10 to 20 seconds of intense physical exertion. After a short period of time, when the ATP is depleted, the muscle uses a chemical known as phosphocreatine to create new ATP.
Is creatine and phosphocreatine equivalent?A phosphorylated form of creatine known as phosphocreatine makes up the majority of the substance in the body. By preserving the availability of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), this supplement's principal purpose is to offer a quick source of energy.
ATP is produced by phosphocreatine in what way?Creatine phosphate, a chemical, is one of the mechanisms through which this ATP supply is renewed (or phosphocreatine). Creatine phosphate converts a phosphate with high energy to ADP during the ATP regeneration process. Creatine and ATP are the byproducts of this process.
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The diagram below shows an enzyme and a substrate it can bind. How does the structure of this enzyme help with its function?
A. Since the enzyme is larger than the substrate, catalytic reactions can occur within the enzyme itself.
B. Since the enzyme's shape matches the substrate's shape, it catalyzes only reverse reactions.
C. The enzyme's shape complements the substrate's shape, so it only catalyzes specific reactions.
D. The enzyme's active site is amorphous and can change its shape to fit any substrate.
Because the structure of the enzyme matches that of the substrate, it can only catalyze certain types of reactions. A biomolecule called an enzyme speeds up a chemical reaction.
What do you mean by Enzyme ?Catalysts are substances that accelerate chemical reactions without acting as reactants. Enzymes are the catalysts for biological reactions that take place in living things. Although certain ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules also function as enzymes, proteins make up the majority of enzymes.
The vital function of enzymes is to reduce the activation energy of a reaction, or the amount of energy required for the reaction to start. In order to facilitate the chemical bond-forming and bond-breaking processes, enzymes bind to reactant molecules and hold them in place.
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Is the Once-ler greedy? Why do you think so?
The Lorax and its 2012 film version both have The Once-ler as their narrator. He is a rapacious industrialist who destroyed the entire Truffula Tree in order to produce a strange garment called a Thneed, or "a Fine Thing That All People Need."
The Once-ler one day finds a valley full of stunning Truffula trees that are home to Bar-ba-Loots, Swommee Swans, and Humming Fish. To make room for his creation, the Thneed, he chooses to chop down one of the trees. He discovers The Lorax in the tree trunk after felling a Truffula Tree. He is warned not to clear the forest for his selfish purposes. The Once-ler refuses to take advice and keeps felling trees to make things to sell.
He was unable to accept what he had done:
It's simple for us to see the Once-ler as a ruthless antagonist. He wrecked a once-beautiful and prosperous region because he was only thinking about himself. Even money didn't appear to be driving the Once-ler. He never lived in a luxurious environment and instead only consumed for the sake of unrestrained growth.
Danny DeVito Advocates for Trees and Discusses "Dr. Seuss" The Lorax:
He wasn't able to see the effects of his acts until it was too late. Once-ler was broken by the truth. He wreaked so much damage that his identity eventually crumbled. He withdrew to his house and disappeared from public view.
It's a tale of wasted talent:
The Once-ler was a true genius, despite the fact that he sometimes utilized his talents for bad. His curiosity and creativity were beyond bounds. There was no issue that he couldn't come up with a solution for. His inventions had a profound impact on society. He made significant innovations. The Lorax is a tale about lost talent as well as one that serves as a warning against greed. By the story's conclusion, nobody has any recollection of the Once-accomplishments ler's or even his identity. All of his genius was gone due to his horrible legacy. Ultimately, his extraordinary mind is simply one of the many resources that his avarice wasted.
He Was Abandoned and Used:
The Once-ler gave in to the pressures his avaricious relatives imposed on him. They lost all sense of perspective when they realized the money that could be made from the needs. His domineering mother was maybe the greediest of them all. Profits dried up as the planet became ever more poisonous and truffula fluffs decreased. When your source material has been harvested dry, it is difficult to keep up with the surge in demand. The money also ran out when the fluffs did. When the money stopped coming in, the Once-ler was left alone. also his mother. Nobody deserves to be abandoned, especially not because of money.
He is engulfed with shame:
The Once-ler is almost pathologically brash for the most of the narrative. He intends to seize anything he can, even if it means destroying it. He appears to be binge-consuming. He seems to just mindlessly eat everything in his path without even making any plans for his requirements in the future. before it is too late. The shame of his actions won't completely hit home for him until the forest is devastated and the final truffula tree falls. The Once-ler begins to live alone. He covers his face from everyone because he is ashamed of what he has done to the once-beautiful forest.
He Is Conscientious:
The Once-ler makes a surprise decision towards the end of the narrative. He then hands the final truffula tree seed to his small audience as he finishes the story. For the majority of the novel, we don't really get to know him, but now we do. He feels bad since he is aware of how awful what he did is. After causing the forest such severe harm, he wants to see it recover. Throughout the entire narrative, he is portrayed as the antagonist, a callous and self-centered individual. With this one kind deed, can he really atone for himself?
He’s Terrified Of Failure:
The final truffula seed, the secret weapon the Once-ler has been holding all along, is revealed as the story draws to a close. The story's most perplexing section is this. He has been hiding from the outside world by sitting in his home. He had yearned to see woods and animals once more for years, consumed with anguish and shame. He had the solution to his own problem in his hands the entire time. Why didn't he just put the seed in the ground himself? Considering his fear that everything he touches would result in death and ruin. He simply doesn't have faith in himself to accomplish it correctly.
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Genetic variation among humans is relatively small when compared to other species. Where in the human genome does most of the diversity occur?.
Single nucleotide polymorphism accounts for the majority of the variability in the human genome. SNPs, commonly referred to as single nucleotide polymorphisms, are the most common type of genetic variation in people.
SNP stands for single nucleotide polymorphism. SNPs are one-letter differences between your genome and another genome sequence. We now know that these single letter modifications to our genetic code are distributed throughout our genomes as a result of the Human Genome Project. We can see that there are differences in the patterns between individuals and even populations. We can bring thousands of people with diabetes together and compare their SNP patterns to thousands of people without diabetes if we want to find the genetic factors that contribute to a common complicated disease like diabetes. We can use the SNPs as markers to observe that specific regions of the genome appear to be the same in people who have diabetes when we have a large enough sample size for our study, and this tells us where to focus our further investigation for a genetic reason.
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Which type of stimulus will maximally activate the sensory receptors within the semicircular ducts?.
The sensory receptors inside the semicircular ducts will be most fully activated by a rotational movement kind of stimulation.
The inner ear, located deep inside the brain, has three little fluid-filled structures known as semicircular canals (ducts). The ampulla is a bulge seen at the end of each duct. The ampulla contains minuscule "balancing" receptors known as crista. The rotational sensory organ is called the crista ampullaris. There are three pairs altogether, one in the ampullae of each of the semicircular canals of the inner ear. The crista ampullaris is responsible for detecting angular acceleration and deceleration.
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a particular triplet of bases in the template strand of dna is aaa. what would be the trna anticodon that binds to the codon for this triplet?
The template strand of DNA has AAA sequence, which will be transcribed to mRNA as UUU. Then. the anticodon on tRNA to this mRNA would have AAA sequence. Thus, the correct answer is 'AAA'.
What is Anticodon and codon ?A codon is a triplet or triple-nucleotide sequence that can be found on mRNA and codes for a specific amino acid during translation. The anticodon, which can be found on tRNA, is a three-nucleotide sequence that binds to the corresponding mRNA sequence. The anticodon sequence identifies the amino acid that the tRNA molecule will transport.
The complementary trinucleotide sequence to the codon found in the mRNA sequence is found at one end of transfer RNA (tRNA). Anticodon examples: Cysteine is coded for by the amino acid CGA on the mRNA sequence, and the tRNA anticodon for this codon is UCU.
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A nucleotide deletion early in the coding sequence of a gene would most likely result in __________.
A nucleotide deletion early in the coding sequence of a gene would most likely result in b. all of the listed choices are correct.
A deletion in a nucleotide can make the gene alters the reading frame downstream of the deleted base. That can cause addition of incorrect amino acids of the polypeptide chain.
Deletion can also change the DNA sequence by removing at least one nucleotide in a gene. Some small deletions can remove one or a few nucleotides within a gene, while deletion on larger scale can remove an entire gene or several neighboring genes. The deleted DNA may also alter the function of the affected protein or proteins. Hence, deletion of a nucleotide in a DNA sequence that causes a frameshift mutation which usually produces a nonfunctioning protein.
The above question is incomplete
a nucleotide deletion early in the coding sequence of a gene would most likely result in
a. a frameshift mutation
b. all of the listed choices are correct
c. a nonsense mutation
d. multiple missense mutations
e. a nonfunctional protein
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In humans, an X-linked disorder called coloboma iridia (a fissure in the iris) is a recessive trait. A normal couple has an afflicted daughter. What would be the most plausible scenario for this situation?
A. Both parents are heterozygous for the trait.
B. The mother carries two recessive alleles.
C. The female is not the biological mother, but the male is the biological father.
D. The male is not the biological father, but the female is the biological mother.
E. The father carries one recessive allele, and the mother carries one recessive allele.
Answer: A.) Both parents are heterozygous for the trait.
Explanation: It says that both parents are normal but they gave birth to an afflicted daughter. This means both parents have a recessive trait. That will conclude that both parents are heterozygous. I hope this helps!
Friendly reminder: The dominant trait always takes over the recessive trait. Have a good day!
the northern leopard frog, tree frog, and wood frog are all different species of frogs. why is having a scientific name for each species of an organism important for scientists?
Binomial nomenclature, which consists of two parts, is used to identify every identified species on Earth. They are crucial because they enable global communication regarding various animal species.
Why is it vital for scientists to know the scientific name of each species of an organism?In order for scientists all across the world to quickly identify the same animal, scientific names are employed to define various types of creatures in a way that is universal.
By providing organisms a global name that serves as a code, the use of scientific names prevents confusion among many nationalities that may have distinct popular names for them. With the use of scientific names, scientists from different countries can communicate with one another about various creatures.
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is comprised of all the robust australopiths. a) australopithecus b) ardipithecus c) paranthropus d) orrorin
The one that is comprised of all the robust australopiths is the genus Paranthropus. Therefore, the correct answer is option C.
The robust australopiths are a group of fossil hominins that existed in Africa between 2.5 and 1.4 million years ago. There is some disagreement about their proper taxonomy, but at the moment, they are considered members of the genus Paranthropus. They are mostly found in the East and Southern Africa regions.
Some characterizations of this genus are:
Large and enameled postcanine teeth.Deep and broad mandibular corpora.Extended cheekbones, laterally and anteriorly.The face looks like pulled back towards the rest of the skull (compared to other australopiths).Attached below is an image of the skull of the species P. boisei from the genus Paranthropus.
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When grouping and identifying living things, the classification is based on what?
Taxonomy refers to the science of categorizing living things. Scientists use classification to organize and make sense of the astonishing diversity of life. The majority of modern classifications are based on molecular similarities. They classify organisms based on their shared DNA and proteins.
How do living things get categorized?The process of classifying organisms—both living and extinct—based on shared traits is called classification in biology. Taxonomy is the scientific term for the study of naming and categorizing living things.
Level-based groupings are used. There are seven levels in total: kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species. In comparison to the level above it, each level is more specific. The organisms within each group are more similar as you go from kingdom to species.
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Choose one of the following diseases to research inheritance of the disease as a result from having two copies of a mutant gene. What is the probability that a child would be born with the disease? Explain the math you used to figure this out.
Hydrocephalus ("water on the brain")
Muscular Dystrophy
Phenylketonuria
Sickle Cell disease
In order to handle the excessive fluid buildup caused by hydrocephalus, young children and neonates may experience an enlargement of the head. Slower growth in children with hydrocephalus may have an impact on the development of the face and the distance between the eyes.
What Hydrocephalus ?A breakdown in the immune system, which the body uses to combat disease, is the root cause of Graves' disease. We don't know why this occurs. Normally, the immune system makes antibodies that are intended to attack a particular virus, bacteria, or other foreign item.
So the most common cause of acquired hydrocephalus in newborns is hemorrhage, which most usually results from preterm. Two more important causes are neoplasm and infection, usually bacterial meningitis.
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considering what you know about dna replication and meiosis, is either arrangement equally likely during the formation of tetrads in late prophase i?
Yes, but only if the chromosomes are paired in the right ways. tetrad development in late prophase.
How does DNA function? Why does it matter?The biological instructions that give each species its distinctiveness are found in a substance known as deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Adult organisms reproduce by transmitting their DNA and the genetic information it carries to their progeny.
What is the purpose of a person's DNA?Genes, which are a component of DNA, are the building blocks of all living organisms. DNA's capacity for recurrent self-replication is its most significant property. DNA must be replicated in order to create new cells, convey genetic information from one generation to the next, and act as a code for the RNA (ribonucleic acid) needed to make proteins.
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The sustainable use of natural resources is one way to conserve an area’s biodiversity
True
False?
Answer:
True
Explanation:
The vast fingerprint database held by the FBI can be scanned and is digitized by what instrument or technology?
Answer: computers.
Explanation: The database would cease to exist without the invention of computers and/or technology.
PLEASE HELP ASAP OR AT LEAST NOT AFTER FRIDAY 11:59 PM
Answer:YES.
Explanation:BECAUSE.
how long does it take a nerve signal to cross a synapse? you can assume that the synaptic fluid is essentially water.
Instead, the majority of messages are transmitted by neurotransmitter molecules that move through the synapses the minuscule gaps between nerve cells.
As opposed to if the signal were continuously transferred within the single neuron, this method requires more time (at least 0.5 ms per synapse).A neurotransmitter signal moves from one neuron to the following neuron via the synapse. The area between the two neurons is known as the synapse. Neurotransmitters are crucial for maintaining brain function by enhancing and balancing signals in the brain.To know more about neurotransmitter
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Engineers test airplane models in wind tunnels for all of the following reasons EXCEPT
a. to see how aerodynamic they are.
b. because it is safer to test models than a real airplane.
c. because it is less expensive to discover problems with models than with a real airplane
d. to find out how airplanes deflect radiation.
PLEASE HELP!!
Airplane models are not tested in wind tunnels to find out how airplanes deflect radiation, option D.
What are the advantages of wind tunnel testing?Agencies like NASA make use of wind testing. The wind tunnels are used extensively by the organization. NASA uses wind tunnels primarily to learn more about airplanes and how things move through the air. One of NASA's responsibilities is to improve air transportation.
Engineers uses wind tunnels to test ideas for making aircraft better and safer, material parts and aerodynamics. The test object is secured in the tunnel so that it does not move. The object could be a small vehicle model. It could be a component of a vehicle. It could be a full-size plane or a spacecraft. This method is also cheaper.
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Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes recognize:
- Receptors on B-lymphocytes.
- Fragments of self proteins of infected cells
- Antigens and MHC class I
- Antigens and MHC class II
Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes recognize Antigens and MHC class I
What is Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes ?To destroy cancer cells, cytotoxic T cells can be isolated from other blood cells, cultured in a lab, and then administered to a patient. White blood cells and lymphocytes both fall under the category of cytotoxic T cells. also known as a killer T cell and a cytotoxic T lymphocyte.By instructing their targets to undergo apoptosis, cytotoxic T lymphocytes kill their prey (Fig. 8.35). Cytotoxic T cells can instruct antigen-specific target cells to die within 5 minutes of coming into contact with them when they are mixed with target cells and quickly brought into contact by centrifugation, albeit the death may take hours to become completely visible.To learn more about Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes refer to:
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