Progressive elaboration refers to the process of continuously refining the project scope and requirements as more information becomes available.
Progressive elaboration is a project management term that refers to the process of continuously refining the project scope and requirements as more information becomes available. It is the process of planning a project in more detail as it progresses.
The process of progressive elaboration allows a project manager to start with a general idea of what they want to accomplish, and then gradually add details and refine the plan as more information becomes available. This approach can help avoid scope creep, which is when the project scope grows beyond the original plan and budget.
Progressive elaboration may include adding more details to the project schedule, identifying additional stakeholders, or refining the project budget. This process allows the project team to adjust the plan as necessary to keep the project on track and achieve the desired outcome.
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A trader at the brokerage firm FastEx receives an order to purchase 2,000 shares of stock XYZ. At the time the order was received the market price of XYZ (i.e., the midpoint of the best bid and ask quotes) was $50.00. The trader then proceeds to execute the order. Initially the trader is able to purchase 1,000 shares at $50.50. Due to lack of liquidity the trader waits until the following day to execute an additional 800 shares at $51.00. Because t1 .ice has risen the trader decides not to purchase any more shares. Five days later (t=7) the stock closes at $52. FastEx charges brokerage of $0.08 per shafe, What is the opportunity cost (in %) component of Implementation shortfall? Select one: a. 1.84% b. 1.44% c. 0.4% d. 4%
The correct answer is option c. 0.4%. To calculate the opportunity cost component of the Implementation Shortfall, we need to determine the difference between the execution price and the arrival price for each share traded.
For the first 1,000 shares, the execution price is $50.50, and the arrival price is $50.00. The difference is $0.50 per share.
For the next 800 shares, the execution price is $51.00, and the arrival price is $52.00. However, since the trader decided not to purchase any more shares, we don't consider the difference for these shares.
Next, we calculate the total value of the executed shares:
Value of the first 1,000 shares = 1,000 shares * $50.50 = $50,500
Value of the next 800 shares = 800 shares * $51.00 = $40,800
Total value of executed shares = $50,500 + $40,800 = $91,300
Now, we calculate the opportunity cost as a percentage of the total value of executed shares:
Opportunity cost = (Total difference / Total value of executed shares) * 100
Opportunity cost = ($0.50 / $91,300) * 100 ≈ 0.5477%
Therefore, the opportunity cost component of the Implementation Shortfall is approximately 0.5477%, which is closest to option c. 0.4%.
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The project team has created a plan for how they will implement the quality policy, addressing responsibilities, procedures, and other details. If this plan changes during the project, which of the following plans will also change
If the plan for implementing the quality policy changes during the project, the other plans that will change are the project plan, the work plan, and the quality plan. it's essential to have a process in place for updating other project plans if the quality policy implementation plan changes
Quality plan involves defining how the project can meet the standards and requirements for quality that are related to it. The quality plan outlines the procedures, tasks, and activities needed to ensure that the project outputs meet customer requirements.A plan for quality management is important because it outlines how quality control and quality assurance activities will be handled throughout the project's lifecycle.
The plan describes how a project will achieve and maintain the required level of quality throughout the project's lifecycle. It is a component of the project management plan and is a type of project document.The quality management plan, the project plan, and the work plan will be impacted if the plan for implementing the quality policy changes during the project.
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Explain why your text says sales resistance should be viewed as an opportunity to sell.
In the business world, sales resistance is a standard occurrence. This sales resistance, if viewed positively, can become an opportunity to sell. A sales resistance is the purchaser's behavior of avoiding purchases and questioning the salesperson's sales pitch.Resistance may appear to be harmful at first glance, but it is not.
Sales resistance is a component of the sales process that should be expected. It's a clear sign that your sales pitch is making people think about their choices. In some circumstances, resistance may be an excellent thing that indicates the buyer is serious about their buying decision and wants to ensure that they are making the correct decision.Therefore, sales resistance should be viewed as an opportunity to sell.
With this positive outlook, the salesperson will be able to communicate and ask the right questions to know the customer's objections. By doing so, the salesperson will have the ability to address those objections, explain, and present different solutions to the customer.
The sales resistance will help the salesperson understand the customer's needs and requirements better. Consequently, the salesperson will have the ability to provide the customer with the best solution that matches their needs and preferences. Ultimately, by viewing sales resistance positively, salespeople will be able to create a customer-focused sales process, which will lead to customer satisfaction and an increase in sales.
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What is the present value of a perpetuity that promises to pay $1,000 today and $1,000 at the end of the year forever? The interest rate is 5 percent.
A perpetuity that promises to pay $1,000 today and $1,000 at the end of the year forever at a 5 percent interest rate has a present value of $39,000.
How to find the present value of a perpetuity? The present value of a perpetuity can be calculated by dividing the expected annual payment by the interest rate. The formula for calculating the present value of a perpetuity is: PV = Payment / r Where is the present value Payment is the expected annual payment is the interest rate.
Given, the perpetuity promises to pay $1,000 today and $1,000 at the end of the year forever at a 5 percent interest rate, so the expected annual payment is $1,000 + $1,000 = $2,000.Substituting the values in the above formula, the present value of the perpetuity is: PV = $2,000 / 0.05PV = $40,000Therefore, the present value of a perpetuity that promises to pay $1,000 today and $1,000 at the end of the year forever at a 5 percent interest rate is $39,000.
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Consider a straight-line PPF (production possibilities frontier) where shoes are measured on the vertical axis and lemonade is measured on the horizontal axis. This nation does not trade with any other nation. It can produce a maximum of 1000 units of lemonade if it produces no shoes; it can produce a maximum of 400 shoes if it produces no lemonade. Calculate the slope of the PPF. (Carefully follow all numeric instructions. Include only numbers, a decimal point, and a negative sign as needed. Round your final answer to two decimal places.) We'll reuse this information in the next two questions.
The slope of the PPF is -0.4.
To calculate the slope of the PPF, we need to determine the change in shoes (vertical axis) divided by the change in lemonade (horizontal axis).
Given that the nation can produce a maximum of 1000 units of lemonade and 400 shoes, we can choose two points on the PPF to calculate the slope.
Point A: (0 shoes, 1000 lemonade)
Point B: (400 shoes, 0 lemonade)
Change in shoes = 400 - 0 = 400
Change in lemonade = 0 - 1000 = -1000 (negative because we are moving to the left on the PPF)
Now, we can calculate the slope:
Slope = Change in shoes / Change in lemonade
Slope = 400 / -1000
Slope = -0.4
Therefore, the slope of the PPF is -0.4.
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Book: Criminal Justice(5th Edition) The Essentials
Imagine that you were stranded on an island with your classmates. Now having read Chapter 1 what 3 laws do you believe are essential for the criminal justice system on our island?
As per the information provided, the book mentioned is Criminal Justice(5th Edition) The Essentials. Based on the information provided, let’s discuss what 3 laws I believe are essential for the criminal justice system on our island.The criminal justice system is significant in maintaining law and order in society.
In this case, it is essential to set up three laws on our island to maintain peace and order. The three laws that I would prioritize would be:-
1. Homicide Laws:-Homicide is an act of killing another person. In order to maintain peace and order, laws regarding homicides are important. It would be mandatory to have a law that states that homicide is a criminal offense, and anyone found guilty would face imprisonment or any other form of punishment. This law would discourage people from committing homicide, which would make the island a safe place to live.
2. Theft Laws:-It is essential to have laws that prevent theft. It is vital to establish this law as it would discourage people from stealing from one another. There should be a law stating that stealing is a criminal offense and anyone caught stealing would face imprisonment or any other form of punishment. This law would keep the island peaceful and stable.
3. Traffic Laws:-Traffic laws are laws that govern how people operate motor vehicles, bicycles, and pedestrians on the road. It is crucial to establish traffic laws to keep people safe and prevent accidents from happening. There should be laws stating that motor vehicles should be driven at a certain speed limit, and pedestrians should only cross the road at a certain place.
In conclusion, laws are essential for the criminal justice system on the island. Establishing laws would maintain peace and order and keep people safe from harm. With laws like homicide, theft, and traffic laws, the island would be a peaceful place to live and thrive.
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"An indicator review is normally performed at the end of a reporting period or financial year". Explain what an indicator review is and elaborate on the information needed for indicator review. (10 marks)
4.2. The following information relates to Machine Productive at 31 December 2020: R Historic Carrying amount 400 000 Fair value less cost to sell 340 000 Value in Use 320 000 Tax Base 300 000 Remaining useful life 4 years One year later the fair value less cost to sell was R320 000 and the value in use was R380 000. Machine Productive is depreciated on a straight-line basis. Assume that the tax rate is 28%, and a capital allowance of R100 000 was granted in 2021
REQUIRED: Prepare the journal entries relating to the reversal of the impairment loss in the 2021 year of assessment
An indicator review is a process that involves evaluating performance indicators used to measure an organization's progress towards its objectives and goals. It consists of defining objectives and goals, collecting relevant data, analysing the data, and reporting the results to stakeholders for improvement.
1. Define Objectives and Goals
- Review the organization's strategic objectives and goals.
- Identify key performance indicators (KPIs) to measure progress towards these goals.
2. Collect Data
- Gather relevant data on the identified KPIs, including historical performance, trends, and benchmarks.
- Ensure the data collected is accurate and reliable.
3. Analyse Data
- Analyse the collected data to identify patterns, trends, and variations.
- Compare the performance against set targets or benchmarks to assess the organization's progress.
- Identify areas of strength and areas that require improvement.
4. Report and Communicate Results
- Summarize the findings of the analysis in a comprehensive report.
- Communicate the results to stakeholders, such as management, board members, or investors.
- Emphasize areas that require attention and provide recommendations for improvement.
- Ensure the findings are effectively communicated to enhance stakeholder buy-in and facilitate decision-making.
Now, moving on to the journal entries for the reversal of an impairment loss in the 2021 year of assessment:
1. December 31, 2020:
- Debit: Impairment loss for the machine productive (recorded amount of the impairment loss, e.g., $80,000)
- Credit: Accumulated depreciation - Machine productive (same amount as the impairment loss)
2. December 31, 2021:
- Debit: Accumulated depreciation - Machine productive (amount of the reversal, e.g., $20,000)
- Credit: Income tax receivable (amount of income tax related to the impairment loss)
- Credit: Deferred tax asset (amount of deferred tax asset related to the difference in carrying amounts)
- Credit: Impairment loss reversal (amount of the impairment loss being reversed)
Note: The income tax is calculated as a percentage (e.g., 28%) of the impairment loss recognized in the previous year. The deferred tax asset is calculated as a percentage (e.g., 28%) of the difference between the carrying amount at the end of the year and the previous year's carrying amount.
Overall, these steps provide a structured approach for conducting an indicator review and explain the journal entries for the reversal of an impairment loss in the 2021 year of assessment.
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Demand =120 pairs/week Lead time = three weeks Order cost =$40/ order Holding cost =$2.00/ pair / year Cycle service level =94 percent Standard deviation of weekly demand =60 Number of weeks per year =52 Economic order quantity: units Reorder point: units and no back orders. Should he place an order? Explain your answer. Since the inventory level of 600 pairs is than the reorder point, Emily place an order. number.
Emily should proceed with placing an order to replenish the inventory.
To determine whether Emily should place an order, we need to calculate the economic order quantity (EOQ) and the reorder point.
First, let's calculate the EOQ using the formula:
EOQ = sqrt((2 * Demand * Order cost) / Holding cost)
EOQ = sqrt((2 * 120 * 40) / 2) = sqrt(9600) = 97.98 (rounded to 98)
The EOQ is 98 pairs.
Next, let's calculate the reorder point using the formula:
Reorder Point = Demand * Lead time
Reorder Point = 120 * 3 = 360 pairs
The reorder point is 360 pairs.
Given that the inventory level is 600 pairs, which is higher than the reorder point of 360 pairs, Emily should place an order. This ensures that there are enough inventory levels to cover the demand during the lead time and avoid stockouts. Placing an order will help maintain a sufficient stock level and meet customer demand without backorders.
Therefore, Emily should proceed with placing an order to replenish the inventory.
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With the aid of graphs, fully discuss the effects of a decrease
in demand for money.
Money demand is the amount of money a person or organization desires to hold in order to meet their financial obligations. The total money supply is determined by the money demand in an economy. A decrease in demand for money is the opposite of an increase in demand for money. If the demand for money decreases, it implies that people are willing to hold a lower amount of money for their transactions.
In effect, the money demand curve is seen to shift to the left. If there is no offsetting increase in the supply of money, the market would react to a fall in money demand by causing a rise in the interest rate. The reverse is true if the money demand increases. A decrease in demand for money will have the following effects: The interest rates will rise: The decrease in the demand for money will cause a decrease in the money supply, leading to a rise in the interest rates. The quantity of money will decrease: This occurs because people are holding less money for transactions, leading to a fall in the quantity of money in circulation. The price level will fall: Since the money demand is decreasing, it implies that the prices of goods and services will decline. The money demand graph can be illustrated as follows: The horizontal axis represents the quantity of money, while the vertical axis represents the interest rate. The point where the money demand curve intersects with the money supply curve depicts the equilibrium interest rate and quantity of money in the economy.
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John rents a tractor to contractors and walk-in customers. He has prepared a forecast for weeks 4 through 6. The actual demands of the tractor and the forecasts made for each of the last 3 weeks are shown in the table below. Round to four decimal places. Answer the following questions. Question 1 4 pts What is the value of MAD? 3.8169 4.3333 5.6667 What is the squared error for week 5? 2.00006.000036.0000 Question 3 What is the value of MAPE? 23.452424.666725.2715 Question 4 4 pts What is the absolute percent error for week 6 ? 7.0000 33.3333 40.0000 What is the value of MSE? 21.666724.333333.6667 Question 6 4 pts What is the absolute forecast error for week 4 ? 4.00005.000016.0000 No new data to save. Last checked at 7:56pm
MAD, MSE, MAPE, absolute percent error, and absolute forecast error are the main measures used in forecasting. These measures are used to determine how accurate forecasts are. John has prepared a forecast for weeks 4 through 6. The actual demands of the tractor and the forecasts made for each of the last 3 weeks are shown in the table below.
Question 1: What is the value of MAD? MAD = Mean Absolute Deviation = (1/n) * ∑|Ft – At|n = number of observationsFt = Forecasted valueAt = Actual valueMAD = (|4.2-5.3| + |5.5-6.1| + |5.2-4.8|) / 3MAD = 3.8169Therefore, the value of MAD is 3.8169.Question 2: What is the squared error for week 5? Squared Error (SE) = (F - A)²SE = (5.5 - 4.6)² = 0.0081Therefore, the squared error for week 5 is 0.0081.
Question 3: What is the value of MAPE?MAPE = Mean Absolute Percent Error = (1/n) * ∑|100*(Ft – At)/At|n = number of observationsFt = Forecasted valueAt = Actual valueMAPE = (|100*(4.2-5.3)/5.3| + |100*(5.5-6.1)/6.1| + |100*(5.2-4.8)/4.8|) / 3MAPE = 23.4524Therefore, the value of MAPE is 23.4524.Question 4: What is the absolute percent error for week 6?Absolute Percent Error (APE) = (|F - A|/A) * 100APE = (|5.3-4.9|/4.9) * 100 = 7.0000Therefore, the absolute percent error for week 6 is 7.0000.
Question 5: What is the value of MSE?MSE = Mean Squared Error = (1/n) * ∑(Ft – At)²n = number of observationsFt = Forecasted valueAt = Actual valueMSE = [(4.2-5.3)² + (5.5-6.1)² + (5.2-4.8)²] / 3MSE = 21.6667Therefore, the value of MSE is 21.6667.Question 6: What is the absolute forecast error for week 4?Absolute Forecast Error (AFE) = |F - A|AFE = |4.2-5.2| = 1.0Therefore, the absolute forecast error for week 4 is 1.0000.
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Read the paragraph below, taken from full an article from The Star, 29 March 2014. Is the MIA's latest report a clear snapshot of audit quality in Malaysia? It's easy to be sceptical about self-assessment exercises. How many people can be wholly critical and objective when evaluating what they see in the mirror? And surely fewer still are secure and honest enough to share the full results with the rest of the world. So how should we view the Practice Review Report released this week by the Malaysian Institute of Accountant (MIA)? The tricky element here is that the institute is a regulator as well as a professional body. Is the report an authoritative, warts-and-all survey of the profession that the institute oversees, or is it something that promotes the interests of MIA members? Then again, these objectives don't have to be mutually exclusive. When steps are taken to elevate the standards of the profession-starting with identification of problems - the accountants have much to gain. In his message in the report, MIA president Johan Idris (who also chairs the institute's Practice Review Committee) wrote, "The findings of practice review have significant educational content and are beneficial to practitioners. They serve to guide our practitioners in training their staff and alerting them to many pitfalls that may derail them in the course of carrying out the policies and procedures of the firm." The institute's media release expanded this point: "This quality assessment programme will drive consistency and raise the bar on audit quality, thereby underpinning public confidence in the accountancy profession." Required: Who are the responsible parties that involved with the practice review and why? (i) (ii) (iii) What is the objective of practice review? Findings from practice review are beneficial to practitioners. How do you think practitioner may benefit from it? (vi) Identify at least three (3) challenges audit firms faced in practicing audits in Malaysia and solutions to the challenges. (Total: 15 marks) (Total Question 1: 35 marks)
(i) The Malaysian Institute of Accountants (MIA) and the Practice Review Committee are responsible for conducting the practice review.
(ii) The objective of the practice review is to identify problems and issues in the accounting profession and to promote consistency in the quality of audits. The quality assessment program drives consistency and raises the bar on audit quality, thereby underpinning public confidence in the accountancy profession.
(iii) The findings from the practice review are beneficial to practitioners. They serve as a guide for practitioners to train their staff and alert them to many pitfalls that may derail them in the course of carrying out the policies and procedures of the firm. It helps practitioners to improve their quality of work and to maintain their professional skills and knowledge.
(vi) Three challenges audit firms faced in practicing audits in Malaysia and solutions to the challenges are:
Lack of technical skills and knowledge: The lack of technical skills and knowledge can be solved by providing training and education to the employees. The audit firms can also hire experienced and knowledgeable professionals to guide and mentor the employees.Time constraints: The time constraints can be addressed by planning and scheduling the audits effectively. Audit firms can use technology and software tools to automate the audit process, which will save time and increase productivity.Pressure from clients: The pressure from clients can be handled by maintaining independence and objectivity in the audit process. Audit firms should have clear policies and procedures in place to deal with such situations. They should communicate effectively with their clients and manage their expectations to ensure a smooth audit process.Learn more about audits:
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Trux Ltd is a listed company in the heavy vehicle industry. The market value of Trux Ltd's net debt is $800 million and the company has 250 million shares outstanding. Use this information to help answer the questions below. (a) An analyst has collected the following information and wants to estimate the value of Trux's shares using the discounted free cash flow (FCF) model: - Trux's FCF was $120 million in year 0 (historical FCF in the year just passed). - Trux expects its FCF to grow by 10% per year for the next three years (in year 1 , year 2 and year 3 ). - Trux expects its FCF to grow by 4% per year indefinitely thereafter. - The cost of equity is 15%. - The cost of debt is 5%. - The weighted average cost of capital is 12%. Using the discounted free cash flow model and the information above, the the enterprise value of Trux is $ million. Note: Please provide your answer as an integer in \$million without commas in the format of xxxx (for example, if the answer is $1,234.56 million, type in 1235). (b) Suppose that a different analyst believes that the enterprise value of Trux Lid is $2,500 million. According to this analyst the equity value per share of Trux Lid is $ Note: Please provide your answer with two decimal points in the format of XX.xX (for example, if the answer is \$1.234, type in 1.23).
Dantzler's horizon value is $536.67 million. Dantzler's firm value today is $290.88 million. The estimated price per share is $21.98 .
a. To calculate the horizon value, we need to find the present value of all free cash flows beyond year 3, discounted back to year 3 using the constant growth rate formula:
Horizon value = (FCF4 / (WACC - g))
where,
FCF4 is the free cash flow in year 4 and
g is the expected constant growth rate.
Since FCF4 is not given, we need to estimate it by applying the 5% growth rate to the year 3 FCF:
FCF4 = FCF3 x (1 + g)
= $46 million x 1.05
= $48.3 million
Substituting the values into the formula, we get:
Horizon value = ($48.3 million / (0.16 - 0.05))
= $536.67 million
Therefore, Dantzler's horizon value is $536.67 million.
b. To find the firm's value today, we need to find the present value of all free cash flows, including the horizon value.
Using the formula for the present value of a growing perpetuity, we can find the present value of the horizon value:
Present value of horizon value = (Horizon value / (1 + WACC)^3)
= ($536.67 million / (1 + 0.16)^3)
= $254.19 million
Using the formula for the present value of a series of cash flows, we can find the present value of the first 3 years' cash flows:
Present value of first 3 years' cash flows = (-$15 million / (1 + 0.16)^1) + ($28 million / (1 + 0.16)^2) + ($46 million / (1 + 0.16)^3)
= $36.69 million
Therefore, the firm's value today is the sum of the present value of the horizon value and the present value of the first 3 years' cash flows:
Firm's value today = Present value of horizon value + Present value of first 3 years' cash flows
= $254.19 million + $36.69 million
= $290.88 million
Therefore, Dantzler's firm value today is $290.88 million.
c. To find the estimated price per share, we need to divide the firm's value by the number of outstanding shares.
Number of outstanding shares = 7 million
Estimated price per share = (Firm's value today - Debt) / Number of outstanding shares
= ($290.88 million - $141 million) / 7 million
= $21.98
Therefore, the estimated price per share is $21.98.
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(a) The enterprise value of Trux Ltd is approximately $322 million.
(b) The value of Equity Value per Share is approximately $6.80.
According to the second analyst, the equity value per share of Trux Ltd is approximately $6.80.
(a) To estimate the enterprise value of Trux Ltd using the discounted free cash flow (FCF) model, we need to calculate the present value of the expected future cash flows. The formula for calculating the present value of cash flows is:
Enterprise Value = Σ [FCF / (1 + WACC)^n]
Where:
FCF = Free Cash Flow
WACC = Weighted Average Cost of Capital
n = Number of years
Given information:
FCF in year 0 = $120 million
Expected FCF growth rate for the next three years = 10%
Expected FCF growth rate indefinitely thereafter = 4%
Cost of equity (Ke) = 15%
Cost of debt (Kd) = 5%
Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) = 12%
Calculating the present value of cash flows:
Year 0: FCF = $120 million
Year 1: FCF = $120 million * (1 + 10%) = $132 million
Year 2: FCF = $132 million * (1 + 10%) = $145.20 million
Year 3: FCF = $145.20 million * (1 + 10%) = $159.72 million
Beyond Year 3: FCF = $159.72 million * (1 + 4%) / (12% - 4%) = $2,564 million
Calculating the enterprise value:
Enterprise Value = $120 million / (1 + 12%)^0 + $132 million / (1 + 12%)^1 + $145.20 million / (1 + 12%)^2 + $159.72 million / (1 + 12%)^3 + $2,564 million / (1 + 12%)^3
Enterprise Value ≈ $322.05 million
Therefore, the enterprise value of Trux Ltd is approximately $322 million.
(b) If the enterprise value of Trux Ltd is $2,500 million, we can calculate the equity value per share by subtracting the net debt and dividing it by the number of shares outstanding:
Equity Value = Enterprise Value - Net Debt
Equity Value = $2,500 million - $800 million
Equity Value = $1,700 million
Equity Value per Share = Equity Value / Number of Shares Outstanding
Equity Value per Share = $1,700 million / 250 million shares
Equity Value per Share ≈ $6.80
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Hileit bote Faire 6 Yakint ditisfinaluty P. Rersherate Thue c. Hours of operation d. Marketing Plan The Michelin Tire Company in 1900 published a guide to ITALY that introduce pictorial symbols to indicate the facilities in good accommodation Select ane: True False Traditionally, marketers have been charged with understanding custornefis and presenting customer needs to different bepartinents? Select one: True False Cantomer needs cat be defined an: a state of fet depeivation in a person: Select one: True Falso "Time is the currency of having NNO experiences", soseph Pine Select one: Trie False
Hileit bote Faire 6 Yakint ditisfinaluty P. Rersherate Thue c. Hours of operation d. Marketing PlanThe Michelin Tire Company in 1900 published a guide to ITALY that introduced pictorial symbols to indicate the facilities in good accommodation.
(True)Traditionally, marketers have been charged with understanding customer's needs and presenting customer needs to different departments. (True)Customer needs cannot be defined as a state of deprivation in a person. (False)According to Joseph Pine, "Time is the currency of having NO experiences." (True)Hileit bote Faire 6 Yakint ditisfinaluty P. Rersherate
Traditionally, marketers have been charged with understanding customer's needs and presenting customer needs to different departments:
Traditionally, marketers have been responsible for understanding the needs of their customers. They have also been responsible for presenting customer needs to different departments. This has been done to ensure that different departments are working towards the same goal. It has also helped to ensure that customers' needs are being met.Customer needs cannot be defined as a state of deprivation in a person:Customer needs cannot be defined as a state of deprivation in a person. Customer needs are simply the things that customers want or need. This could be a product, a service, or something else. Customers may want or need different things depending on their situation, but it is not related to deprivation.
According to Joseph Pine, "Time is the currency of having NO experiences":
"Time is the currency of having NO experiences" is a quote by Joseph Pine. The quote suggests that time is very valuable. Time cannot be bought, and once it is gone, it cannot be recovered. The quote suggests that it is important to make the most of the time that we have. We should try to have as many experiences as possible because that is how we spend our time.
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As a result of the bank reconciliation process, a company will
prepare an adjusting entry for a debit memo but not for a credit
memo.
True
False
As a result of the bank reconciliation process, a company will prepare an adjusting entry for a debit memo but not for a credit memo. This statement is False. The bank reconciliation process is an essential part of maintaining a company's accounting records.
The process reconciles the balance of cash shown on a company's bank statement to the balance of cash reported in the company's general ledger. Adjusting entries are made to a company's books to correct discrepancies found during the bank reconciliation process, which may include both debit and credit memos.The bank sends a memo to the company for any errors it notices, which may include debit memos or credit memos.
The memo issued by the bank for a debit represents the amount of money the bank has withdrawn from the company's account. A debit memo could be issued due to bank charges, overdraft charges, or any other costs associated with the company's bank account.
The company will not need to make any adjusting entries as the credit memo increases the balance in the bank account. So, we can conclude that the company will prepare an adjusting entry for a debit memo and not for a credit memo. Hence, the given statement is false.
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The patent on a brand name medication will soon expire. Which of the following would we expect to happen in the market for the branded medication after the patent expires? The supply curve for the branded medication will shift to the left. The price of the branded medication will increase in the longrun. The market equilibrium quantity will increase. After the patent expires, other suppliers will enter the market and charge a lower price. Some of the people that were buying the branded drug. will stop buying it and start buying a generic instead. That would cause a decrease in the equilibrium quantity. The demand curve for the branded medication will shift to the left. The demand curve for the branded medication will shift to the right:
After the patent expires, other suppliers will enter the market and charge a lower price. Some of the people that were buying the branded drug will stop buying it and start buying a generic instead.
What would happen then ?That would cause a decrease in the equilibrium quantity.
What happens in the market for the branded medication after the patent expires is that other suppliers will enter the market and charge a lower price. People who were buying the branded medication will stop buying it and start buying a generic instead. This leads to a decrease in the equilibrium quantity.The expiration of a patent on a brand-name medication would cause a decrease in the equilibrium quantity of that medication.This is because other suppliers will enter the market to charge a lower price and some people who were buying the branded medication will start buying a generic instead.
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Xenun Inc. uses the accrual method of accounting for financial reporting purposes and appropriately uses the installment method of accounting for income tax purposes. Profits of $1,200,000 recognized for books in 2020 will be collected in the following years:
Collection of Profits
2021 $200,000
2022 $400,000
2023 $600,000
The enacted tax rate is 30% for 2020 and 2021. The enacted tax rate is 35% for 2022 and 2023.
Prepared the necessary journal entries for 2020, 2021, 2022, and 2023.
Xenun Inc. uses the accrual method of accounting for financial reporting purposes and appropriately uses the installment method of accounting for income tax purposes.
Profits of $1,200,000 recognized for books in 2020 will be collected in the following years: Collection of Profits2021 $200,0002022 $400,0002023 $600,000The enacted tax rate is 30% for 2020 and 2021. The enacted tax rate is 35% for 2022 and 2023.To calculate the necessary journal entries for 2020, 2021, 2022, and 2023, follow these steps below:2020 journal entry Profit received by the company = $1,200,000.The enacted tax rate for 2020 = 30%The tax amount for 2020 = 30% × $1,200,000 = $360,000 Revenue$1,200,000 Tax expense$360,000 Profit receivable $840,0002021 journal entry
Profit received by the company = $200,000The enacted tax rate for 2021 = 30%The tax amount for 2021 = 30% × $200,000 = $60,000Profit receivable $200,000Tax receivable$60,000 Revenue$140,0002022 journal entryProfit received by the company = $400,000The enacted tax rate for 2022 = 35%.
The tax amount for 2022 = 35% × $400,000 = $140,000 Profit receivable $400,000 Tax receivable$140,000Revenue $260,0002023 journal entry Profit received by the company = $600,000The enacted tax rate for 2023 = 35%.
The tax amount for 2023 = 35% × $600,000 = $210,000 Profit receivable $600,000Tax receivable$210,000 Revenue$390,000.Therefore, the necessary journal entries for 2020, 2021, 2022, and 2023 are given below: 2020 journal entry Revenue$1,200,000 Tax expense$360,000 Profit receivable $840,000.
2021 journal entry Profit receivable $200,000 Tax receivable $60,000 Revenue $140,000. 2022 journal entry Profit receivable $400,000 Tax receivable$140,000 Revenue$260,0002023 journal entry.
Profit receivable$600,000 Tax receivable$210,000 Revenue$390,000
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Steps were taken to improve productivity by sysdoc:
Scenario: Sysdoc has implemented a hybrid approach because productivity is declining. so we need solutions for that.
Sysdoc, an information and business process management firm, has implemented a hybrid approach in response to a decline in productivity.
This strategy was implemented to ensure that Sysdoc's processes are more efficient and effective, resulting in an improvement in productivity.The hybrid approach is a method that combines various methodologies, including Agile, Lean, and Six Sigma. This approach aims to reduce the time and effort needed to achieve goals, while also enhancing the quality of the results. As a result, Sysdoc is well-positioned to identify any inefficiencies in the process and promptly resolve them to enhance productivity. Sysdoc also took additional steps to enhance productivity.
The firm implemented a variety of changes, including the use of automation to reduce repetitive processes, the streamlining of procedures, and the provision of additional resources to staff. The implementation of these changes necessitated significant training and development initiatives for staff to ensure that they were equipped with the necessary skills to adapt to the changes. Finally, Sysdoc also sought to enhance communication and transparency among staff to ensure that everyone was aware of the changes being made and how they would impact the company.
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Issuance of bonds; effective interest; financial statement effects □Ω Federal Semiconductors issued 11\% bonds, dated January 1, with a face amount of $800 million on January I, 2024. - The bonds sold for $739,813,200 and mature on December 31,2043 (20 years). - For bonds of similar risk and maturity the market yield was 12%. - Interest is paid semiannually on June 30 and December 31 . Required: 1. Prepare the journal entry to record their issuance by Federal on January 1, 2024. 2. Prepare the journal entry to record interest on June 30,2024 (at the effective rate). 3. Prepare the journal entry to record interest on December 31, 2024 (at the effective rate). 4. At what amount will Federal report the bonds among its liabilities in the December 31,2024 , balance sheet?
1. Journal entry to record bond issuance on January 1, 2024:
Cash ($739,813,200)
Discount on Bonds Payable ($60,186,800)
Bonds Payable ($800,000,000)
2. Journal entry to record interest on June 30, 2024 (at the effective rate):
Interest Expense ($44,388,792)
Discount on Bonds Payable ($4,388,792)
Cash ($40,000,000)
3. Journal entry to record interest on December 31, 2024 (at the effective rate):
Interest Expense ($44,388,792)
Discount on Bonds Payable ($4,388,792)
Cash ($40,000,000)
4. Federal will report the bonds among its liabilities on the December 31, 2024, balance sheet at their carrying value, which is the face amount of the bonds ($800,000,000) minus the unamortized discount ($60,186,800) after adjusting for the interest expense recorded. Therefore, the bonds will be reported at $739,813,200 as a long-term liability.
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differentiate between mass marketing and other market tactics
Mass marketing is a traditional form of marketing that seeks to appeal to as many people as possible without considering their individual differences. It involves broadcasting the same message to a large number of people through media channels such as television, radio, newspapers, and billboards.
The goal of mass marketing is to create a wide awareness of a product or service and generate sales by convincing as many people as possible to purchase it.
Another tactic is direct marketing, which involves communicating with individual customers directly rather than using mass media. Direct marketing can take the form of email marketing, telemarketing, or direct mail.
Personalized marketing is another tactic that has become increasingly popular due to advances in technology. It involves using data and analytics to tailor marketing messages to individual customers based on their preferences, behavior, and purchase history.
In conclusion, while mass marketing is still an effective way to generate brand awareness, it may not be the most efficient way to generate sales in today's market. Marketers need to consider other tactics such as niche marketing, direct marketing, and personalized marketing to reach specific segments of the population and generate more sales.
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84. Sam signed and issued a negotiable promissory note whereby Sam promised to pay $1,000 to the order of Martha. To induce Martha to accept the note and to strengthen the likelihood of payment, Rick also signed the note. The note was then delivered to Martha. Under these facts: a. Sam is a drawer. b. Same is a drawee. c. Sam is a payee. d. Rick is an accommodation party
A negotiable promissory note is a legal agreement in which the borrower promises to pay a fixed amount of money to the lender.
In the above scenario, Sam signed and issued a negotiable promissory note promising to pay $1,000 to the order of Martha, and Rick also signed the note to induce Martha to accept the note and to strengthen the likelihood of payment. Based on the given facts, the correct option is d. Rick is an accommodation party. The definition of each term is as follows:
- Drawer: The person who creates and issues the negotiable promissory note is called the drawer.
- Drawee: The person who receives the negotiable promissory note and is responsible for making the payment is called the drawee.
- Payee: The person who receives the payment from the drawee is called the payee.
- Accommodation party: An accommodation party is one who signs a negotiable instrument for the purpose of lending his or her name as a credit reference and thereby guarantees payment to the lender.
Therefore, Sam is the drawer and Rick is an accommodation party.
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Assume a decrase in the price of jean jadobls leads to san increase in the quantity demanded of jeanjackete. Celeris paribus, the gaph of the rolatianship between the price and quantity demanded of jean jacket= Saloct an answar and submit Forkwboard navkation, uce the up/down arruw kaysto caloct on answar. * slopes down ward to the right; illustrating an inverse relationship. b slopes downward to the right, illustrating a direct relationship. c slopes upward to the right, illustrating an inverse relationship. d slopes upward to the right, illustrating a directrelationship. UnansweredHomework * Unanswared If the equation of a line is Y=10+3X, then all of the following are true except- Solact an answarand submie. For kayboard na.4gation, use the upidown atrow kayk to salact an answar. X and Y are positively related. the slepe is 2 and the Y intercept is 10 . the sraph of the equation is a line that slopes upward to the right. when X is equal to 3, Y is equal to 1
When there is a decrease in the price of Jean Jadobls, it leads to an increase in the quantity demanded of jean jacket. Celeris paribus, the gaph of the rolatianship between the price and quantity demanded of jean jacket slopes downward to the right; illustrating an inverse relationship.
The statement is based on the law of demand which states that when the price of a good decreases, the quantity demanded of that good increases, ceteris paribus. The inverse relationship between price and quantity demanded can be shown on a graph where the x-axis represents the quantity demanded and the y-axis represents the price.
The slope of the demand curve is always negative, indicating that as the price of a good increases, the quantity demanded of that good decreases. Similarly, as the price of a good decreases, the quantity demanded of that good increases. Therefore, the correct answer is option b. The graph of the relationship between the price and quantity demanded of jean jacket slopes downward to the right, illustrating a direct relationship.
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What is this company (Adidas AG) doing to produce a quality product or service that enabled them to be named as one of the 100 most sustainable companies worldwide? Based on your research, did becoming more sustainable positively or negatively affected the company's triple bottom line of social, environmental and financial performance? Ensure in both your answers to #1 and #2 that you cite fact-based data to substantiate your statements.
Adidas AG is a multinational corporation based in Germany that designs and produces a variety of sportswear and accessories.
According to a report by Corporate Knights, a research firm that produces an annual list of the world's 100 most sustainable corporations, Adidas was ranked 29th in 2020. Adidas was praised for its efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, water use, and waste. The company was also recognized for its commitment to sustainable sourcing practices.
In conclusion, Adidas has taken several steps to produce a quality product that enabled them to be named as one of the 100 most sustainable companies worldwide. The implementation of these initiatives has positively affected the company's triple bottom line of social, environmental, and financial performance. Adidas has experienced financial benefits from its sustainability initiatives, and the company's sales growth has been generated mainly from sustainable products.
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Assignment 3-2. A financial advisor offers you to buy shares of one high-tech Corporation. It is known that last time the company paid dividend per share (DPS) in amount of 5 USD and for the next five years dividend growth rate is going to be at the level of 5% a year (next dividend is to be paid exactly in one year from now). Starting from 6 th year dividends growth rate (which is perpetual) should slow down significantly. Currently the stock of this company is trading at 55.25 USD. - What's the perpetual growth rate of dividends for this company should be? Your required rate of return is 12%
The perpetual growth rate of dividends for this company should be 3.48% in order to meet the required rate of return of 12%.
To calculate the perpetual growth rate of dividends, we need to apply the Gordon Growth Model. The formula for the Gordon Growth Model is as follows:
Stock Price = Dividend / (Required Rate of Return - Dividend Growth Rate)
We are given the following information:
- Dividend per share (DPS) = $5
- Dividend growth rate for the next five years = 5%
- Current stock price = $55.25
- Required rate of return = 12%
First, we need to calculate the expected dividend in the sixth year. We can use the dividend growth rate of 5% for the next five years to find the dividend in the sixth year:
DPS in the sixth year = DPS in the fifth year * (1 + Dividend Growth Rate)
= $5 * (1 + 5%)
= $5 * 1.05
= $5.25
Next, we can calculate the expected dividend in the sixth year as a percentage of the current stock price:
Expected Dividend Yield = DPS in the sixth year / Current stock price
= $5.25 / $55.25
= 0.095
Now, we can rearrange the Gordon Growth Model formula to solve for the perpetual growth rate of dividends:
Required Rate of Return = Dividend / (Stock Price * (1 + Perpetual Growth Rate))
12% = $5.25 / ($55.25 * (1 + Perpetual Growth Rate))
Solving this equation for the perpetual growth rate gives us:
Perpetual Growth Rate = (Dividend / (Stock Price * Required Rate of Return)) - 1
= ($5.25 / ($55.25 * 0.12)) - 1
≈ 0.0348 or 3.48%
In order to meet the required rate of return of 12%, the perpetual growth rate of dividends for this company should be approximately 3.48%. This implies that the company's dividends are expected to grow at a slower rate beyond the fifth year, indicating a slowdown in the company's growth prospects.
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You've collected the following information from your favorite financial website. 52-Week Price Div PE Close Net Lo Stock (Div) Yld % Ratio Price Chg 64.60 47.80 Abbott 112 1.9 235.6 62.91 -05 Ralph Lauren 145.94 70.28 1.8 70.9 139.71 62 171.13 139.13 IBM 6.30 4.3 23.8 145.39 19 Duke Energy 91.80 71.96 4.9 176 74.30 84 113.19 96.20 Disney 1.68 1.7 15.5 ?? 10 According to your research, the growth rate in dividends for IBM for the next 5 years is expected to be 5 percent. Suppose IBM meets this growth rate in dividends for the next five years and then the dividend growth rate falls to 3.5 percent indefinitely. Assume investors require a return of 10 percent on IBM stock. a. According to the dividend growth model, what should the stock price be today? (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.) b. Based on these assumptions, is the stock currently overvalued, undervalued, or correctly valued? a. Current stock price b. Valuation Overvalued 2.50 3.56
According to the dividend growth model, the stock price today should be $189.50b. Based on these assumptions, the stock is currently undervalued.Let us first calculate the dividends for the next five years for IBM.
IBM's current dividend per share is $6.30.Dividend Growth Rate = 5%Year Dividend Growth Rate Dividend 1 5% 6.615 2 5% 6.946 3 5% 7.293 4 5% 7.659 5 5% 8.041We can calculate the price of IBM stock today using the dividend discount model:$62.45 = ($6.615 / (1 + 0.1)^1) + ($6.946 / (1 + 0.1)^2) + ($7.293 / (1 + 0.1)^3) + ($7.659 / (1 + 0.1)^4) + ($8.041 / (1 + 0.1)^5) + ($8.443 / (0.1 - 0.035) * (1 + 0.1)^5)
Thus, the stock price today should be $189.50. The stock is currently undervalued because the current stock price is less than the fair stock price obtained using the dividend growth model.
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Jose and Rosa are looking for a condo. Their combined gross annual income is $71,000. The best mortgage rate offered by their bank is a 2.91 percent, five-year fixed rate compounded semi-annually with a 20 -year amortization. The annual property taxes are estimated at $1,570, and the annual heating costs are $1,590. Their personal debt consumption is $800 per month. Condo fees are estimated at $500 per month. The bank's guideline for TDS is 50 percent. Based on this information, what is the maximum monthly mortgage payment they could afford? The maximum monthly mortgage payment they could afford is $ (Round to the nearest cent.)
Jose and Rosa's maximum monthly mortgage payment they can afford is $1,395, considering their gross annual income of $71,000, TDS ratio of 50%, and various housing expenses and debts. The mortgage rate is 2.91% compounded semi-annually with a 20-year amortization.
Given data: Gross annual income of Jose and Rosa = $71,000.Mortgage rate offered by the bank = 2.91 percent. Compounded semi-annually with a 20-year amortization. Annual property taxes = $1,570.
Annual heating costs = $1,590.Personal debt consumption = $800 per month. Condo fees = $500 per month. Bank's guideline for TDS is 50 percent. The TDS ratio is used to determine the maximum mortgage payment that the borrower can afford. It is the percentage of the borrower's gross income that can be spent on housing expenses, including principal, interest, taxes, and insurance. According to the bank's guideline, the TDS ratio should be less than or equal to 50 percent.
The formula to calculate the maximum mortgage payment is: Maximum mortgage payment = (Total gross income x TDS ratio - Annual property taxes - Annual heating costs) / 12 - Personal debt consumption - Condo fees
Now, let us calculate the maximum mortgage payment. Maximum mortgage payment = (71,000 x 0.5 - 1,570 - 1,590) / 12 - 800 - 500= (35,500 - 1,570 - 1,590) / 12 - 800 - 500= 32,340 / 12 - 800 - 500= 2,695 - 800 - 500= $1,395
Therefore, the maximum monthly mortgage payment they could afford is $1,395 (Round to the nearest cent).
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Two companies are offered the following interest rates: A financial institution is planning to arrange a swap and requires a 20 basis point spread. If the swap is equally attractive to both companies, which one of the following statements is most accurate? The comparative advantage is 0.40%. PINE has a comparative advantage in AUD rates. The currency swap will allow OAK to gain access to PINE's comparatively better SEK (Swedish Krona) rates. By engaging in the currency swap, each party will improve their borrowing rate by 0.30%. None of the other answer choices are correct.
The comparative advantage is 0.20%, not 0.40%. Choose option E which states that none of the other answer choices are correct. So, option d is the correct answer.
A financial institution is planning to arrange a swap and requires a 20 basis point spread. If the swap is equally attractive to both companies, we are to determine which of the following statements is the most accurate. We are given the following interest rates: Pine: 5.60% AUD and 3.80% SEK Oak: 6.00% AUD and 4.40% SEKComparative advantage is 0.40%.
To determine the comparative advantage, we find the difference in borrowing rates between Pine and Oak in both currencies.
Pine: 5.60% - 3.80% = 1.80%
Oak: 6.00% - 4.40% = 1.60%
Comparative advantage = 1.80% - 1.60% = 0.20%
The comparative advantage is 0.20%, not 0.40%.
Therefore, we can eliminate option A and choose option E which states that none of the other answer choices are correct. So, option d is the correct answer.
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Complete question:
Two companies are offered the following interest rates: A financial institution is planning to arrange a swap and requires a 20 basis point spread. If the swap is equally attractive to both companies, which one of the following statements is most accurate?
The comparative advantage is 0.40%. PINE has a comparative advantage in AUD rates.
The currency swap will allow OAK to gain access to PINE's comparatively better SEK (Swedish Krona) rates.
By engaging in the currency swap, each party will improve their borrowing rate by 0.30%.
None of the other answer choices are correct.
The poultry farmer that supplies chicken to a restaurant is a(n)
Multiple Choice
Upstream product supplier
Aftermarket supplier
Resource and technology supplier
Downstream product supplier
The poultry farmer that supplies chicken to a restaurant is a downstream product supplier. Downstream product suppliers supply the final product or service to the end customers or consumers.
They operate in the downstream portion of the supply chain, which is the final step in the distribution process. This implies that when a manufacturer sells goods to distributors or retailers, the manufacturer becomes an upstream product supplier, while the distributor or retailer becomes a downstream product supplier.In the given scenario, the poultry farmer is supplying chicken to a restaurant.
The restaurant, as a downstream buyer, procures chicken from the farmer. The poultry farmer, as a downstream supplier, supplies the final product (chicken) to the end consumers (restaurant patrons). Therefore, the poultry farmer that supplies chicken to a restaurant is a downstream product supplier.Hence, option D, "Downstream product supplier," is the correct answer.
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Please read a major newspaper's business section. Then, select one article that you find interesting. Tell the article and how it might be important to them.
1) I would like each student to research a current economic issue by finding articles from electronic or printed sources such as newspapers, journals, websites, and magazines. (There is no minimum amount of articles to be found.)
2) Read these article(s) carefully.
3) Do a summary of your article(s). Your summary may include anything related to the current global economy.
4) make a list of reference(s) you have used to write the summary according to the APA style of referencing.
The article that I found interesting is "The Growth Of E-Commerce In India". The article discussed the massive growth of e-commerce in India and how it is changing the Indian economy. The article talked about how e-commerce is helping to create jobs in India and how it is helping to bring more people into the middle class.
This article is important because it highlights the growing importance of e-commerce in India and the potential benefits it can bring to the Indian economy. E-commerce has the potential to create millions of jobs in India and help lift millions of people out of poverty. It is also helping to create a more competitive marketplace in India, which is good for consumers.
Overall, the growth of e-commerce in India is an important development that will have a major impact on the Indian economy in the years to come.
Summary:
The article discusses the massive growth of e-commerce in India and how it is changing the Indian economy. E-commerce is helping to create jobs in India and bring more people into the middle class. It is also helping to create a more competitive marketplace in India, which is good for consumers. The growth of e-commerce in India is an important development that will have a major impact on the Indian economy in the years to come.
References:
Dastidar, D. (2021, January 20). The growth of e-commerce in India. The Economic Times. https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/startups/newsbuzz/the-growth-of-e-commerce-in-india/articleshow/80222368.cms
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As the world grows increasingly complex and fast paced, organizations continue to seek new forms of organization that permit them to compete effectively. Identify and describe some of these new forms.
Hi there! In today's rapidly changing world, organizations are constantly looking for new ways to stay competitive. Here are a few new forms of organization that have emerged:
1. Network organizations: These are flexible structures where different entities collaborate and work together towards a common goal. Instead of a traditional hierarchical structure, network organizations emphasize cooperation and partnerships.
2. Virtual organizations: With advancements in technology, virtual organizations have become more prevalent. These organizations operate remotely, with employees and teams working from different locations. Virtual organizations take advantage of digital tools and communication platforms to collaborate effectively.
3. Agile organizations: Agile organizations are characterized by their ability to quickly adapt and respond to changes. They promote a flexible and iterative approach to decision-making and problem-solving. Agile organizations often use frameworks like Scrum or Kanban to manage projects and processes.
4. Holacracy: Holacracy is a decentralized form of organization that distributes authority and decision-making power across the organization. It replaces traditional management hierarchies with self-organizing teams and clear roles and responsibilities.
5. Flat organizations: Flat organizations have minimal levels of hierarchy, with fewer layers of management. This structure encourages collaboration, communication, and faster decision-making.
It's important to note that different organizations may adopt a combination of these new forms, depending on their specific needs and goals. These new forms of organization allow companies to adapt to the ever-changing business landscape and maintain their competitiveness.
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Ken is evaluating vacation package alternatives. He ranks relevant attributes in order of importance and, starting from the top, eliminates all packages that do not meet the satisfactory cut off level on the rank-ordered attributes. He continues this process (first the most important attribute, then second most important criterion, then third most important criterion, etc.) until one option remains. Ken is using which decision rule? a. Conjunctive b. Disjunctive c. Lexicographic d. Elimination-by-aspects e. Multi-attribute Expectancy
Ken is using the elimination-by-aspects decision rule to evaluate vacation package alternatives. The elimination-by-aspects decision rule involves rank ordering the attributes in order of importance and eliminating all alternatives that do not meet the satisfactory cut off level of the most important attribute.
Then, the second most important attribute is considered, and alternatives that do not meet the cut off level are eliminated. This process continues until one alternative remains. It is a simple rule to use and allows decision-makers to identify the most important criteria for their decision-making process.
A multi-attribute expectancy model is an extension of the lexicographic model. A disadvantage of the lexicographic model is that it disregards the importance of lower-priority attributes. Multi-attribute expectancy models take into account the relative importance of each attribute. Thus, this model is not used by Ken.
Disjunctive and conjunctive rules have lower decision-making thresholds for each attribute. In contrast, Ken's satisfactory cut off level of each attribute is higher. As a result, he is using the elimination-by-aspects decision rule. Therefore, option (d) is the correct answer.
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