Test Tube 1: DNA from E. coli cells grown in 14N
Test Tube 2: DNA containing one strand of 15N-DNA and one strand of 14N-DNA
Test Tube 3: DNA from E. coli cells grown in 15N
Test Tube 4: A 1:1 mixture of DNA from cells grown in 14N and cells grown in 15N
Test Tube 5: A 1:1 mixture of DNA from cells grown in 14N and 15N, heated (to disrupt hydrogen bonds) and cooled (to allow reannealing)
Meselson and Strahl had used CsCl gradient centrifugation to demonstrate the semi-conservative nature of DNA replication. In a CsCl density gradient centrifugation, from a pool of light heavy and intermediate-size DNA, the heaviest one would go and settle towards the bottom of the test tube.
While the lightest one would be at the top and the intermediate one would find a place in between the heavy and the lighter one. If the DNA is labeled only with 15N then the DNA is heavier in size and the DNA would settle towards the bottom of the tube during density gradient centrifugation.
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N2 gas is allowed to effuse through a porous membrane under constant pressure conditions. It takes 212 s for 1. 0 l of n2 gas to pass through the membrane. If it takes 337 s for 1. 0 l of an unknown gas to effuse through the membrane under identical conditions, what is the molar mass of the unknown gas?.
The molar mass of the unknown gas will be 70.75 g / mol.
What is graham law?
Graham's law states that the rate of diffusion or of effusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its molecular weight.
R1 / R2 = √ M2 / M1
= t2 / t1
Rn2/ R unknown = √ M unknown / Mn2
M unknown / 28gm/mol = t unknown / t N2
= 337 x 337 / 212 x 212 sec
= 337 x 337 x 28 / 212 x 218
= 70.75 gm / mol
The molar mass of the unknown gas will be 70.75 g / mol.
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What happens to form the brown spots on a tlc plate when you place the developed tlc plate in an iodine chamber?.
there is a complex formed between iodine and many organic compound when you place the developed tlc plate in an iodine chamber
A commonly used semi-destructive visualization method is to expose a developed TLC plate to iodine (I2) vapor. An "iodine chamber" can be created by adding a few iodine crystals to a TLC chamber, or by adding a few iodine crystals to a chamber containing a portion of powdered silica or alumina (Figure 2.33a). When a developed TLC plate is placed in the chamber and capped, the iodine sublimes and reacts with the compounds on the plate, forming yellow-brown spots (Figure 2.33d). The coloration occurs because iodine forms colored complexes with many organic compounds. This stain will work with approximately half the compounds you may encounter.
This method is considered "semi-destructive" because complexation is reversible, and the iodine will eventually evaporate from the TLC plate, leaving the original compound behind. When the coloration fades, it is theoretically possible to use another visualization technique on the TLC plate, although it's possible the compound may have also evaporated by that time.
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According to the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog (CIP) rules for assigning R and S configurations to stereocenters, which of the following substituents has the highest priority? A) -CECH B) -CH₂CH₂ C) -CH=CH₂ D) -CH
Should be aware of the R/S configuration CIP rules' priority ranking. A) -CECH (option A).
How would you define stereocenter?Stereocenter. An atom that is connected to four different atoms is known as a stereogenic center, and simply a stereocenter. A stereocenter, also known as a stereogenic center, is a particle group in which any two groups can be exchanged to produce a stereoisomer.
Is a stereocenter a chiral carbon?When a carbon is joined to four other atoms, or groups of atoms, chiral centers are created. Although they are mirror reflections of one another, chiral compounds are not identical. Stereocenters are also chiral centers, although not usually the other way around.
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In one to two sentences, explain a similarity and a difference between the particles in liquid water at 100°C and the particles in
steam at 100°C. (2 points)
A similarity between the particles in liquid water and the particles in steam is their chemical composition whereas a difference between the particles in liquid water and the particles in steam is their state of matter.
What are liquid and steam?Steam refers to the gas which is formed when water passes from the state of liquid to the gaseous state. Steam is formed when water molecules break the bonds i.e. hydrogen bonds that keep them together while on the other hand, a liquid is a sample of matter that takes the shape of a container in which it is placed. The term liquid is used to show the state or condition of matter.
So we can conclude that chemical composition is the similarity between liquid and steam while on the other hand, the difference in the state of matter.
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How many moles of Neon are in 68.4 grams?
Answer: 3.39 moles
Explanation:
Answer:
3.39
Explanation:
The molecular formula for Neon is Ne. The SI base unit for the amount of substance is the mole. 1 grams of Neon is equal to 0.049554750566163 moles.
account for the regioselectivity and stereoselectivity observed when this compound is treated with in by drawing the product formed prior to a subsequent hydride reduction reaction. use wedge and hash bonds only when needed to show reaction stereochemistry. if the reaction produces a racemic mixture, just draw one stereoisomer. in your answer, draw the expanded structure for the acetyl group (ac).
Regioselectivity is the preference of chemical bonding or breaking in one direction over all other possible, stereospecific mechanism specifies the stereochemical outcome of a given reactant.
Regioselectivity occurs when two possible reaction products are regioisomers. Stereoselectivity exists when two possible reaction products are stereoisomers. Chemoselectivity occurs when a reactant within a substrate prefers one functional group over another. Markovnikov's law predicts the regiochemistry of his HX addition to unsymmetrically substituted alkenes.
The Zaitsev and Hoffman rule describes the principle of regioselectivity in elimination reactions. Regioselective means that the reaction selectively produces one regioisomer as the major product. The two alkenes are positional isomers because the double bonds are in different regions. A process that favors bond formation at certain atoms over other possible atoms.
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calculate the amount of heat needed to melt of solid acetic acid () and bring it to a temperature of . be sure your answer has a unit symbol and the correct number of significant digits
The amount of heat needed to melt of solid acetic acid is 32.4 kJ.
Given temperatures are
Heat capacity for acetic acid = 2.06 J/g* °C
The melting point of acetic acid = 16.64 °C
Enthalpy of fusion for acetic acid = 11.73 kJ/mol
Number of moles of acetic acid = 124 g/(60.05 g/mol) = 2.064946 mol
1. Conversion of solid acetic acid at 16.64 °C to liquid acetic acid at 16.64 °C
q1 =m*ΔHf = 2.064946 mol * 11.73 kJ/mol = 24.22182 kJ
2. Conversion of liquid acetic acid at 16.64 °C to gas at 48.7 °C
q2 = m*C*ΔT = 124 g* 2.06 J/g* °C * (48.7 – 16.64 ) °C = 8189.406 J = 8.189406 kJ
Total heat energy required = q1 + q2
= 24.22182 + 8.189406 = 32.41122 kJ
The heat energy required = 32.4 kJ.
The inlet temperature to the heat exchanger at B will be T1. And the output of the heat exchanger coming out at D is T2. The cooling water entering the heat exchanger heats up as it passes through the heat exchanger. q is the amount of heat transferred to the system used to represent the change in enthalpy. Enthalpy is the total potential energy of a system associated with heat transferred to and from the system.
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you weigh out an antacid tablet and determine the mass to be 1.1990 g. after taking a 0.2455 g sample of the antacid tablet, you dissolve it in 25.00 ml of a 0.1006 m solution of hydrochloric acid in a 250.0 ml erlenmeyer flask. after heating the solution to get rid of carbon dioxide, you titrate the leftover hydrochloric acid in the solution in the erlenmeyer flask with a 0.09913 m solution of sodium hydroxide and determine that it takes 14.71 ml of the sodium hydroxide solution to react with the leftover hydrochloric acid in solution. determine the milligrams of calcium carbonate in the sample of antacid tablet and then determine the milligrams of calcium carbonate in the entire antacid tablet. 2. what indicator will be used for this titration reaction? what color change will occur?
Convert moles of HCl used in the neutralization of the tablet to moles of CaCO3 using the coefficients in the balanced equation. That will be moles of CaCO3 is 0.0005284 moles.
1. CaCO3 + 2HCl ==> CaCl2 + H2O + CO2
Moles of HCl added initially = M x L = 0.002515 moles
Moles of NaOH needed to neutralize the excess HCl = M x L = 0.0014582 moles.
Moles of HCl used for the tablet is
0.002515 - 0.0014582 = 0.0010568 moles
Convert moles of HCl used in the neutralization of the tablet to moles of CaCO3 using the coefficients in the balanced equation. That will be moles of CaCO3 = (1/2 x moles HCl) = 0.0005284 moles
Mass of CaCO3 = 0.05284g in 1.1990 g tablet
Then in 0.2455 g tablet = 0.0065187 g = 6.5187 mg
2. Both HCl and NaOH are strong acid and strong bases respectively, an indicator like phenolphthalein is used which can become colourless in acidic and neutral conditions and pink coloured under alkaline conditions.
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when each formula unit of potassium carbonate, k2co3 , dissociates into ions in solution, there of the cation and of the anion.
From the formula unit potassium carbonate, there are two potassium ions and one carbonate ion.
The term formula unit refers to the smallest unit of an ionic compound. Indicates the ratio of ions in a compound. For potassium carbonate, the unit of the formula is K₂CO₃.
In recent years, potassium carbonate (K₂CO₃.) has been extensively employed as a mild base catalyst in several chemical processes, including Knoevenagel and Nitroaldol Condensation O-alkylation the production of 2H-chromenes , and monomethylation reactions
there fore, From this formula unit we can see that there are two potassium ions and one carbonate ion.
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Perform the following operation.
(3.0 x 104) divide (4.0 × 108)
On performing the operation, we get 0.72
The operation is 3.0x104/4.0x108=312/432=0.72
The division is splitting into different groups.A division is a process of splitting a specific amount into equal parts.Long division is very similar to short division, but it usually involvesOne of the four fundamental mathematical operations, along with addition, subtraction, and multiplication, is division, which is used to divide bigger numbers.Division is the process of dividing a larger group into smaller groups so that each group has an equal number of things.It is an operation used for equal grouping and equal sharing in math.To learn more about division visit:
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Explain how global winds would be affected if all areas of Earth received the
same amount of solar radiation.
Global winds would be affected if all areas of Earth received the same amount of solar radiation is the distribution of solar heating across the planet produce global wind pattern
The earth climate system depend entirely on the sun for its energy and solar radiation warm the atmosphere and fundamental to atmospheric composition and while the distribution of solar heating across the planet produces global wind pattern and contributes to the formation of clouds and storm and rainfall and scientist say that one percent decreases would lower earth means global temprature by more than degree kelvin and according to the model decrease in solar energy of loss than 10 percent could effectively freeze earth entire surfaces
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Calculate the average atomic mass of chromium, given the following percent abundances and isotope masses: 4.350 % 49.946 amu; 83.790% 51.941 amu; 9.500% 52.941 amu and 2.360% 53.939 amu
Asnwer: average atomic mass of chromium is 52amu
Calculations:
49.946amu: 4.350%= 0.0435
51.941amu: 83.790%= 0.8379
52.941amu: 9.500%= 0.095
53.939amu: 2.360%= 0.0236
Average atomic mass of chromium = 0.0435(49.946) + 0.8379(51.941) + 0.095(52.941) + 0.0236(53.939)
= 51.9963703amu
= 52 amu
If you forgot to add the primers to your pcr reaction, what would happen and why?.
If you forget to add primers to your PCR reaction, the reaction will not work because the primers are necessary for the DNA amplification process.
What are primers?
A primer is a brief sequence of nucleic acids that serve as the precursor to DNA synthesis. Short RNA strands make up primers in living things. Prior to DNA replication, an enzyme called primase, a subtype of RNA polymerase must create a primer.
Because Taq polymerase cannot add bases without an existing piece of DNA, your PCR reaction would fail if you forgot to add the primers. Because there wouldn't be an enzyme that could add additional nucleotide bases, your reaction would not succeed.
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Which trends increase moving across a row on the periodic table? select all that apply.
The increased trends moving across a row on the periodic table is: the atomic radius generally decreases as we move from left to right. This is affected by the number of electrons each atom contains.
What are the trends in a row of the periodic table?Moving from left to right at the same row, the atomic radius generally decreases. This is because the more to the left, the more electrons each atom has. As they have the same number of shells, the atoms in the further right of the table tend to have a smaller atomic radius.
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A 500. Ml aqueous solution of na3po4 (molarmass=164g/mol) was prepared using 82g of the solute. What is the molarity of na3po4 in the resulting solution?.
The molarity of Na₃PO₄ in the solution is 1 M.
What is molarity?
Molar concentration, also known as molarity, amount concentration, or substance concentration, is a unit used to describe the amount of a substance in a solution expressed as a percentage of its volume. The number of moles per litre, denoted by the unit symbol mol/L as well as mol/dm3 in SI units, is the most widely used unit for molarity in chemistry. One mol/L of a solution's concentration is referred to as one molar, or 1 M.
From the question,
We are to determine the molarity of the solution.
First, we will determine the number of moles of the solute (Na₃PO₄) present
Mass of Na₃PO₄ = 82 g
Using the formula
[tex]number of moles = mass/molar mass[/tex]
Molar mass of Na₃PO₄ = 163.94 g/mol
∴ Number of moles of Na₃PO₄ present = [tex]82/163.94[/tex]
Number of moles of Na₃PO₄ present = 0.500 moles
Now, for the molarity of the solution
Using the formula
Molarity = no. of moles/volume
Volume of the solution = 500 mL = 0.5 L
∴ Molarity of the solution = [tex]0.500/0.5[/tex]
Molarity of the solution = 1 M
Hence, the molarity of the solution is 1 M.
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methanol is fairly volatile and evaporates quickly if spilled. methanol is also absorbed quite readily through the skin. if, in the laboratory, methanol accidentally spilled on your clothing, why would it be a serious mistake to just let it evaporate?
Letting the evaporation of methanol will be a mistake due to its toxic nature.
Methanol belongs to the functional group alcohol. Being volatile, it evaporates quickly. Moreover, it also absorbed quickly through the skin. The compound is highly toxic and the intake should be completely avoided.
Some of the common problems associated with methanol toxicity are different organs like respiratory system, Central nervous system and cardiovascular system along with metabolic acidosis. The symptoms of methanol poisoning are CNS depression, headache, confusion, dizziness, failure in muscle coordination. The metabolism of methanol into formic acid results in end organ toxicity which may be lethal.
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a substance is dissolved in water, forming a 0.50m solution. if 8.0 liters of the solution contains 240 grams of the substance, what is the molecular mass of the substance?
When a substance is dissolved in water, forming a 0.50m solution and 8.0 liters of the solution contains 240 grams of the substance then the molecular mass of the substance is 60 g/mol.
Given,
m = 240 g
MM = 0.5 mol/L
V = 8 L
∴ M = m/(MM × V)
⇒ MM = m/(M × V)
Where,
m = mass
M = number of moles
V = volume in L
MM = molecular mass
Substituting the values we get,
Molecular mass = 240 g/(0.5 mol L⁻¹ × 8 L)
⇒Molecular mass = 240/4 g/mol = 60 g/mol
Hence, the molecular mass of the substance is 60 g/mol.
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what steps are necessary for finishing up a spectrophotometry experiment? select one or more: remove the sample from the sample chamber. throw out the cuvette. clean up around the spectrophotometer. turn off the light bulb.
Remove the sample from the sample chamber, turn off the light bulb and clean up around the spectrophotometer.
There are methods for determining the concentration of a sample. Here are our options. UV Photomedium The correct answer for the UV spectrum is all I need? This allows me to determine the concentration in the UV spectrum photometer. Absorption of visible light by compounds creates distinct spectra. Different spectrum is what it means. you can see what it looks like. Interaction bits are between light and matter. If a sample is given here and absorbs light, allowing an absorber to absorb it, a different spectrum will be seen.
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Ordinary hydrogen contains 99.30% of H atoms and 0.70% H atoms. Calculate the relative atomic mass of hydrogen.
The relative atomic mass of hydrogen 1.00
The atomic mass of an element is the average mass of the atoms of an element measured in atomic mass unit
Here given data is
99.30% of H atoms
0.70% H atoms
So we have to calculate the relative atomic mass of hydrogen. = ?
So the relative atomic mass = (isotope abundance × isotope mass) + (isotope abundance × isotope mass)
Relative atomic mass = (99.30% × 1) + (0.70% × 1)
Relative atomic mass = 1.00
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block
wood with blac
4. Find the density of a piece of wood with a mass of 50.0 grams and a volume of 100. cm³.
=2g/cm3
Will it float on water?
It float on water density= 2.27 g/ml.
What is density?
density is the mass of a material substance per unit volume. d = M/V, where d is density, M seems to be mass, and V is volume, is the formula for density. Grams per cubic centimetre are a common unit of measurement for density. For instance, while Earth has a density of 5.51 grammes per cubic centimetre, water has a density of 1 grammes per cubic centimetre. The unit of density is kilogrammes per cubic metre. For instance, air weighs 1.2 kilogrammes per cubic metre. In textbooks and manuals, the densities of typical solids, liquids, as well as gases are listed.
Density is considered an important factor in identifying a substance. Some examples of highly dense materials are iron and platinum.
As per the question
Density = mass /volume
The mass peice of sulphur= 227gm
Displaed in 50 ml of water .
Thus,
Density= 227 g/ (150-50) mL
= 2.27 g m/L
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what is pressure define pressure
Pressure is a large and continuous force that is either exerted or given on or against an object or thing by something coming into contact with it.
Hope this helps! :)
Atomic radius generally decreases from left to right across a period because the effective nuclear charge _____ while electrons are being added to the same outer level. These additional electrons are shielded _____ by inner electrons and are therefore attracted _____ strongly by the nucleus.
Atomic radius generally decreases from left to right across a period because the effective nuclear charge Increases while electrons are being added to the same outer level. These additional electrons are shielded less well by inner electrons and are therefore attracted more strongly by the nucleus. .
In the periodic table, atomic radii generally decrease as you move left to right across the period (because the nuclear charge increases) and increase as you move down the group (because the number of electron shells increases).
As the attractive force between the nucleus and the electron increases, the size of the atom decreases. This effect diminishes as you move further to the right within the cycle. This is due to repulsion between electrons that would otherwise cause the atoms to increase in size.
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What is the chemical formula for zinc (II) phosphate?
Zn3p2
Zn(PO4)
Zn3(PO4)2
Zn(NO3)2
Answer:
the correct answer is C.
Explanation:
Zn3(PO4)2 is the chemical formula for Zinc phosphate.
The chemical formula for zinc (II) phosphate is Zn₃(PO₄)₂. Therefore, option C is correct.
Zinc (II) phosphate is an inorganic compound. It is composed of zinc cations (Zn²⁺) and phosphate anions (PO₄³⁻). The Roman numeral "II" in the compound name indicates that the oxidation state of the zinc ion is +2.
Zinc (II) phosphate is a white crystalline solid that is insoluble in water. It is commonly used in various applications, including as a corrosion inhibitor in coatings and paints, as a component in dental cement, and as a nutrient supplement in some fertilizers.
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compounds that contain both carbonyl and alcohol functional groups are often more stable as cyclic hemiacetals or cyclic acetals than as open-chain compounds. examples of several of these are shown. deduce the structure of the open-chain form of each
In chemical reactions, there are open-chain compounds and closed-chain compounds. (Answer look at the picture)
Open-chain compounds (Aliphatic) are carbonate compounds with chains that do not meet between ends, saturated or unsaturated both branched and unbranched.
Closed-chain compounds is a term in chemistry used for compounds whose atoms are joined together to form rings. The number of elements making up the ring varies and is more than three. The elements that make up the cycle are also different from the elements carbon (carbon cycle), elements other than carbon (inorganic cycle), or both (heterocyclics).
Cyclic compounds can be called aromatic if they meet several conditions, namely:
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Question 4 (1 point)
How many oxygens are present on the reactants side of this equation?
KCIO3 --> KCI + O₂
01
5
3
2
Oxygens are present on the reactants side of this equation is 3
Reactant is a substance that enters into and is altered in the course of a chemical reaction and the substance to the left of the arrow in a chemical equation are called reactant and a reactant is a substances that is present at the start of a chemical reaction and the substances to the right arrow are called product and a product is a substances that is present at end of chemical reaction
Here given reaction is
KCIO₃ → KCI + O₂
Here 3 oxygen atom are seen in the reactant so 3 oxygen atom are in the reactant side in the equation
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someone please help with number 14 letters a-d i don’t understand it!!
MgCO3⇒ MgO+CO2 is the balance equation reaction.
a. Li+O2⇒ LiO2
b. H2+Cl2⇒ H2Cl2
c.MgCO3⇒ MgO+CO2
d.2NaI+Cl2⇒ 2NaCl+2I
To balance chemical equations, stoichiometric coefficients for the reactants and products are required. This is important because a chemical equation must follow the rules of conservation of mass and constant proportions, which dictate that the same number of atoms of each element must be avail on two of the reactant and product sides of the equation.
Chemical equations use the relevant chemical formulae to symbolically express the reactants and products of a chemical process. To the left of the sign "," and to the right of the arrow symbol, respectively, is the part of the chemical equation that is on the reactant side.
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- 22. Which of the following CANNOT be done by a simple machine?
a. increase the amount of work done
b. change the direction of a force
c. decrease the time it takes to do the work
d. transfer energy from one location to another
Answer:
The answer is D
Explanation:
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determine the shape around each central atom in the acetate ion. draw the lewis structure first. (enter one of the following: linear, trigonal planar, tetrahedral, trigonal pyramidal, bent, trigonal bipyramidal, seesaw, t-shaped, octahedral, square pyramidal, square planar) 1. carbon 1 2. carbon 2 (the one with the oxygens)
We must first draw the Lewis structure of acetic acid.
(figure attached)
Carbon 1
This atom has four atoms directly attached and no lone pairs.
Its electron geometry and its molecular geometry are both tetrahedral as in methane. (figure attached)
Carbon 2
This atom has three atoms directly attached and no lone pairs.
Its electron geometry and its molecular geometry are both trigonal planar.
Oxygen 3
This atom has two atoms directly attached and two lone pairs.
Its electron geometry is tetrahedral but its molecular geometry is bent as in water. (figure attached)
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In terms of supplying sufficient quantities of drinking water, which of the following is the most important property of an aquifer?
low shrink-swell
low compressibility
high ion exchange capacity
low evaporation
high permeability (conductivity)
In terms of supplying sufficient quantities of drinking water, the most important property of an aquifer is high permeability.
Anything over which a person or a company has legal ownership is considered property. Property can refer to both real objects, like homes, automobiles, or appliances, as well as intangible items with the potential for future value, like stock and bond certificates.
Anything that someone, whether a person or a company, has a legal claim to is referred to be property. The owners have some enforceable rights over it because they have a legal title. It can fall into one of two categories: tangible or intangible. Automobiles, business equipment, furniture, and real estate are examples of tangibles.
Property Assets include any land, buildings, and all improvements thereon as well as any rights to the aforementioned.
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Silver tarnishes as silver metal reacts with hydrogen sulfide, h2s, in the air. in this reaction, dark silver sulfide, au2s, covers the surface of silver. when silver is polished, this coating of silver sulfide can be removed from the surface. this makes the silver shiny again. enter the coefficients that balance the tarnishing reaction equation. (type 1 for no coefficient.) 2 silver dishes. photo by mgeurts ag(s) h2s(g) → ag2s(s) h2(g)
To make the silver shiny again, we can do silver tarnishes. The balanced tarnishing reaction is 2Ag(s) + H2S(g) --> Ag2S(s) + H2(g). Hence, the correct coefficients for the reaction above are: 2, 1, 1, 1.
How to write a balanced chemical equation?A balanced reaction is when the coefficient of all atoms in the reactants (the left side) is the same as the products (the right side). Given this equation:
Ag(s) + H2S(g) --> Ag2S(s) + H2(g)
The balanced reaction is:
2Ag(s) + H2S(g) --> Ag2S(s) + H2(g)
Hence, the coefficients of the reaction above are: 2, 1, 1, and 1.
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