Explanation:
The self-ionization of water (also autoionization of water, and autodissociation of water) is an ionization reaction in pure water or in an aqueous solution, in which a water molecule, H2O, deprotonates (loses the nucleus of one of its hydrogen atoms) to become a hydroxide ion, OH−. The hydrogen nucleus, H+, immediately protonates another water molecule to form hydronium, H3O+. It is an example of autoprotolysis, and exemplifies the amphoteric nature of water
Animation of the self-ionization of water
Chemically pure water has an electrical conductivity of 0.055 μS/cm. According to the theories of Svante Arrhenius, this must be due to the presence of ions. The ions are produced by the water self-ionization reaction, which applies to pure water and any aqueous solution:
H2O + H2O ⇌ H3O+ + OH−
Expressed with chemical activities a, instead of concentrations, the thermodynamic equilibrium constant for the water ionization reaction is:
{\displaystyle K_{\rm {eq}}={\frac {a_{\rm {H_{3}O^{+}}}\cdot a_{\rm {OH^{-}}}}{a_{\rm {H_{2}O}}^{2}}}}
which is numerically equal to the more traditional thermodynamic equilibrium constant written as:
{\displaystyle K_{\rm {eq}}={\frac {a_{\rm {H^{+}}}\cdot a_{\rm {OH^{-}}}}{a_{\rm {H_{2}O}}}}}
under the assumption that the sum of the chemical potentials of H+ and H3O+ is formally equal to twice the chemical potential of H2O at the same temperature and pressure.[1]
Because most acid–base solutions are typically very dilute, the activity of water is generally approximated as being equal to unity, which allows the ionic product of water to be expressed as:[2]
{\displaystyle K_{\rm {eq}}\approx a_{\rm {H_{3}O^{+}}}\cdot a_{\rm {OH^{-}}}}
In dilute aqueous solutions, the activities of solutes (dissolved species such as ions) are approximately equal to their concentrations. Thus, the ionization constant, dissociation constant, self-ionization constant, water ion-product constant or ionic product of water, symbolized by Kw, may be given by:
{\displaystyle K_{\rm {w}}=[{\rm {H_{3}O^{+}}}][{\rm {OH^{-}}}]}
where [H3O+] is the molarity (≈ molar concentration)[3] of hydrogen or hydronium ion, and [OH−] is the concentration of hydroxide ion. When the equilibrium constant is written as a product of concentrations (as opposed to activities) it is necessary to make corrections to the value of {\displaystyle K_{\rm {w}}} depending on ionic strength and other factors (see below).[4]
At 25 °C and zero ionic strength, Kw is equal to 1.0×10−14. Note that as with all equilibrium constants, the result is dimensionless because the concentration is in fact a concentration relative to the standard state, which for H+ and OH− are both defined to be 1 molal (or nearly 1 molar). For many practical purposes, the molal (mol solute/kg water) and molar (mol solute/L solution) concentrations can be considered as nearly equal at ambient temperature and pressure if the solution density remains close to one (i.e., sufficiently diluted solutions and negligible effect of temperature changes). The main advantage of the molal concentration unit (mol/kg water) is to result in stable and robust concentration values which are independent of the solution density and volume changes (density depending on the water salinity (ionic strength), temperature and pressure); therefore, molality is the preferred unit used in thermodynamic calculations or in precise or less-usual conditions, e.g., for seawater with a density significantly different from that of pure water,[3] or at elevated temperatures, like those prevailing in thermal power plants.
We can also define pKw {\displaystyle \equiv } −log10 Kw (which is approximately 14 at 25 °C). This is analogous to the notations pH and pKa for an acid dissociation constant, where the symbol p denotes a cologarithm. The logarithmic form of the equilibrium constant equation is pKw = pH + pOH.
What is the temperature of 0.750 mol of a gas stored in a 6,050 mL cylinder al 221 atm?
atm
Use and
molek
5.24K
138 K
246 K
Answer:
T = 246 K
Explanation:
Given that,
Number of moles, n = 0.750 mol
The volume of the cylinder, V = 6850 mL = 6.85 L
Pressure of the gas, P = 2.21 atm
We need to find the temperature of the gas stored in the cylinder. We know that,
PV= nRT
Where
R is gas constant
T is temperature
So,
[tex]T=\dfrac{PV}{nR}\\\\T=\dfrac{2.21\times 6.85}{0.75\times 0.0821}\\T=245.85\ K[/tex]
or
T = 246 K
So, the temperature of the gas is equal to 246 K.
What is the pH if the [H+] concentration is 3 x10^-13
Answer:
pH = 12.52
Explanation:
Given that,
The [H+] concentration is [tex]3\times 10^{-13}[/tex].
We need to find its pH.
We know that, the definition of pH is as follows :
[tex]pH=-log[H^+][/tex]
Put all the values,
[tex]pH=-log[3\times 10^{-13}]\\\\pH=12.52[/tex]
So, the pH is 12.52.
if 19.1 mL of 1.26 M HBr is headed to 23.7g of CAC03 what volume of CO2 would be produced as 713.6 torr and 29.9°C
Answer:
0.32 L
Explanation:
The equation of the reaction is;
2HBr(aq) + CaCO3(s) ----->CaBr2(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
The number of moles HBr reacted = 19.1/1000 L * 1.26 M = 0.024 moles
According to the reaction equation;
2 moles of HBr produces 1 mole of CO2
0.024 moles of HBr produces 0.024 * 1/2 = 0.012 moles of CO2
For CaCO3
Number of moles = 23.7g/100 g/mol = 0.237 moles
Since the reaction is 1:1, 0.237 moles of CO2 is produced.
Hence HBr is the limiting reactant and 0.012 moles of CO2 is produced.
From PV =nRT
V = nRT/P
P= 713.6 torr
n= 0.012 moles
T = 29.9°C + 273 = 302.9 K
R = 62.36 L torr/mol K
V = 0.012 * 62.36 * 302.9/713.6
V = 0.32 L
Calculate the molecular mass of sodium trioxocarbonate (iv) decahydrate
Answer:
106.180
Explanation:
maybe this is the correct answer
I SAID MAYBE
Los catalizadores sirven para detener una reacción química ?
Answer:
si
Explanation:
Los catalizadores son sustancias que aceleran una reacción química, proporcionando una ruta alternativa para romper y formar nuevos enlaces entre átomos. Su importancia reside en el hecho de que este nuevo camino requiere menos energía que el original, lo que facilita el proceso.
How many total carbon atoms are in the structure 2 methyl, 3, 4 diethyl decane?
12
15
14
10
Answer:B
15 carbon atoms
The idea that light can act like packets led to what new field on science?
Light acting as 'packets' of exact amounts of energy (a particle-like quality) called quanta led to the development of quantum mechanics. Light also has wave qualities (wavelength, frequency, amplitude) which is referred to as particle-wave duality.
In the reaction between CH4 and O2, if 25.0 g of CO2 are produced, what is the minimum amount of each reactant needed?
PLS HELP
Answer:
25 gram
Explanation:
the minimum amount of the reactant needed is equal to the mass of the product because of the law of conservation of mass ok
hydrogen iodide is not produced by the same method is for hydrogen chloride why with reaction
Using Phosphoric acid will work perfectly for producing Hydrogen halides because its not an Oxidizing agent. ...
Using an ionic chloride and Phosphoric acid
H3PO4 + NaCl ==> HCl + NaH2PO4
H3PO4 + NaI ==> HI + NaH2PO4
H2SO4 + NaCl ==> HCl + NaHSO4
This method(Using H2So4) will work for all hydrogen hydrogen halide except Hydrogen Iodide and Hydrogen Bromide.
The Sulphuric acid won't be useful for producing Hydrogen Iodide because its an OXIDIZING AGENT. Whist producing the Hydrogen Iodide... Some of the Iodide ions are oxidized to Iodine.
2I-² === I2 + 2e-
Alcohols have more hydrogen bonding .
(True or False) ?!
Answer:
True
Explanation:
An alcohol is an organic molecule containing an -O-H group. Any molecule which has a hydrogen atom attached directly to an oxygen or a nitrogen is capable of hydrogen bonding.
Which compounds are most likely ionic? compounds A and B O compounds B and C compounds C and D O compounds D and A
Answer:
compounds D and A
Explanation:
The ionic compound can conduct electricity therefore, the compounds A and D are most likely ionic. Therefore, option (4) is correct.
What are ionic compounds?Ionic compounds can be defined as crystalline solids produced by closely packed ions with opposite charges. The formation of an Ionic compound takes place when metal reacts with non-metal.
In ionic compounds, the ions of the compound are generally linked together by ionic bonds. The ions of an atom are formed by gaining or losing electrons in order to get the noble gas electronic configuration.
In a reaction, the metals are generally electropositive so they can lose electrons to complete their octet while non-metals will gain electrons from the metals to complete their octet.
Ionic compounds can conduct electricity in a molten state and aqueous solution because then they have free ions that can move from one place to another to conduct an electric current.
Learn more about ionic compounds, here:
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The stream table shows the time needed for water to soak into the playfield soil.
Answer:
TRUE
Explanation:
plz brian list
Answer:
True
Explanation:
What types of reactions are these 3 chemical equations?-
*2Kl+Pb(NO3)2=PbI2+2KNO3
*2Al+3CuSO4=Al2(SO4)3+3Cu
*C2H5OH+3O2=2CO2+3H2O
Answer:
*2Kl+Pb(NO3)2=PbI2+2KNO3: double replacement.
*2Al+3CuSO4=Al2(SO4)3+3Cu: single replacement.
*C2H5OH+3O2=2CO2+3H2O: combustion.
Explanation:
Hello there!
In this case, according to the required, it turns out necessary for us to recall the five types of reactions, combination, decomposition, single and double replacement and combustion as shown on the attached figure.
In such a way, since the first reaction follows the pattern AB+CD-->AD+CB we infer it is double replacement; the second reaction follows the patter A+BC-->AC+B and therefore it is single replacement; and the last one follows the pattern of combustion reaction due to the presence of CO2 and H2O on the products side.
Regards!
El osmio es un metal sólido que tiene una densidad
de 22 600 kg/m?, ¿qué volumen ocuparán 100 g de
este metal?
Respuesta:
4.42 × 10⁻⁶ m³
Explicación:
Paso 1: Información provista
Densidad del osmio (ρ): 22600 kg/m³Masa de osmio (m): 100 gPaso 2: Convertir 100 g a kilogramos
Usaremos el factor de conversion 1 kg = 1000 g.
100 g × 1 kg/1000 g = 0.100 kg
Paso 3: Calcular el volumen ocupado por 0.100 kg de osmio
La densidad es una propiedad intensiva, igual al cociente entre la masa y el volumen.
ρ = m/V
V = m/ρ
V = 0.100 kg / (22600 kg/m³) = 4.42 × 10⁻⁶ m³
Help plz:)))I’ll mark u Brainliest
Explanation:
LCCEB is the answer
Please help this is due tonight
Calculate the volume of an
object with dimensions
measuring:
9.0 mm x 2.0 mm x 2.0 mm
[ ? ] mm3
Answer:
9.0mm x 2.0mm x 2.0mm
= 18mm3
Answer:
36mm^3
Explanation:
This is easy
Question 1
Where does photosynthesis happen in a plant cell?
O Cell membrane
O Cell wall
O Chloroplast
O Mitochondria
Answer:
Chloroplast
Explanation:
Photosynthesis happens in chloroplast of plants. Mitochondira is where the cellular respiration happens.
NEED HELP ASAP!!!.....Which is not true about the ionic compound sodium chloride (NaCl)? A.)it was formed when electrons were shared B.)it is electrically neutral C.)it has properties different from the atoms from which it is formed D.)it is a white crystalline solid
Find the horizontal range of a projectile launched at 15 degrees to the horizontal with speed of 40m/s
To Find :
The horizontal range of a projectile launched at 15 degrees to the horizontal with speed of 40 m/s.
Solution :
The horizontal range of a projectile is given by :
[tex]R = \dfrac{u^2 sin 2\theta}{g}[/tex] ( Here, g is acceleration due to gravity = 10 m/s² )
Putting all value in above equation :
[tex]R = \dfrac{40^2 \times sin (2 \times 15)}{10} \ m\\\\R = \dfrac{1600 \times 1}{2\times 10} \ m\\\\R = 80 \ m[/tex]
Therefore, the horizontal range of projectile is 80 m.
ved:
Chapter
Chapter List
CH5.3
Problem
Problem List
10SMB
Printed circuit boards are used in the electronics industry to both connect and hold components in place. In production, 0.03 in. of copper foil is laminated to an insulating plastic board. A circuit pattern made of a chemically resistant polymer is then printed on the board. Next, the unwanted copper is chemically etched away by using selected reagents. If copper is treated with Cu(NH3 ) 4Cl2 (cupric ammonium chloride) and NH4OH (ammonium hydroxide), the products are water and Cu(NH3) 4Cl (cuprous ammonium chloride). Once the copper is dissolved, the polymer is removed by solvents, leaving the printed circuit ready for further processing. If a single-sided board 4 in. by 8 in. is to have 75% of the copper layer removed using these reagents, how many grams of each reagent will be consumed? Data: The density of copper is 8.96 g/cm3.
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Which of the following statements is FALSE. Select one: A. Two of the statements are false. B. In the synthesis of aspirin, the main impurities are salicylic acid and acetic acid. C. Aspirin was purified in the lab by recrystallizing the crude aspirin. The melting point of the purified aspirin is expected to be lower than the melting point of crude aspirin. D. In the analysis of aspirin, the greater the amount of salicylic acid impurity in the aspirin, the smaller the amount of NaOH needed for the hydrolysis of aspirin. E. If the crude aspirin is not entirely pure, the temperature range at which it melts will be larger than pure aspirin.
Answer:
Aspirin was purified in the lab by recrystallizing the crude aspirin. The melting point of the purified aspirin is expected to be lower than the melting point of crude aspirin.
Explanation:
The presence of impurities in a sample lowers the melting point of the impure substance. Hence the melting point of an impure substance is always less than the melting point of the corresponding pure substance.
Bearing this in mind, the statement "Aspirin was purified in the lab by recrystallizing the crude aspirin. The melting point of the purified aspirin is expected to be lower than the melting point of crude aspirin." is found to be false since impure substances tend to have a slightly lower melting point than the pure substance, and a broader melting temperature range.
If a point is chosen inside the square, what
is the probability that it will also be inside the
circle?
1
Point to be present exactly at midway between center and circumference of circle (let’s say radius = r) should lie at circumference of circle of radius r/2.
Favorable outcome = 2*pi*r/2
Total outcome = Point can be anywhere inside the circle of radius r = Area of circle = pi * r * r
Probability = (2*pi*r/2) / pi * r* r = 1/r.
Not completely sure about correctness . Waiting for comments to verify.
Look at the reaction below. Upper H subscript 2 upper S upper O subscript 4 (a q) plus upper C a (upper O upper H) subscript 2 (a q) right arrow upper C a upper S upper O subscript 4 (a q) plus 2 upper H subscript 2 upper O (l). Which substance is the base in the reaction? A. 2H2O (l) B. H2SO4 (aq) C. CaSO4 (aq) D. Ca(OH)2 (aq)
Answer:
Its D
Explanation:
Did it on edge
According to the reaction: H₂S0₄ + Ca(OH)₂ → CaSO₄+ 2H₂O, the base is Ca(OH)₂.
What is a base?Base is defined as a substance which can accept protons or any chemical compound that yields hydroxide ions (OH-) in solution.
Generally, base are substances that produces hydroxide ion when dissolve in water.
Base are substances that reacts with acid to produce salt and water. Example of base includes sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide etc.
Therefore, according to the reaction:
H₂S0₄ + Ca(OH)₂ → CaSO₄+ 2H₂O
The base is Ca(OH)₂.
learn more on chemical reaction here: https://brainly.com/question/14575718
Which reaction represents a double replacement reaction?
A
C2H4 + 302 --> 2CO2 + 2H2O
B
NH3 + H20 --> NH4OH
с
CuBr2 + 2K --> 2KBr + Cu
D
2FeCl3 + 3Na2CO3 --> Fe2(CO3)3 + 6Naci
Answer:
D
Explanation:
D shows a double displacment reaction
the other ones show combustion, synthesis and single displacment
How many grams of oxygen are necessary to react completely if you have 4.0 moles of oxygen
Answer:
1.3 × 10² g
Explanation:
Step 1: Given data
Moles of oxygen: 4.0 mol
Step 2: Calculate the mass corresponding to 4.0 moles of oxygen
For a given chemical reaction, we need 4.0 moles of oxygen and we want to find what mass in grams it represents. To convert moles to mass, we need a conversion factor: the molar mass. The molar mass of oxygen is 32.00 g/mol.
4.0 mol × 32.00 g/mol = 1.3 × 10² g
Chemical properties of an element are primarily dependent upon Group of answer choices the electron configuration of the element atomic weight of the element the number of main energy levels (electron shells) of the element the number of electrons in the innermost shell of the atom
Answer:
The answer is "the electron configuration of the element".
Explanation:
Electronics are distributed in atomic and molecular orbit via electrons from an atom or a molecule.
It reflects a most frequent dependence on valence electrons in the outer.
Through analyzing the context of the regular periodic table, the individual atoms are helpful. That's also important to understand chemical connections, which hold electrons together. This similar approach helps to explain the specific characteristics of lasers or semiconductors for bulk materials.
g What is the relationship between the moles of the limiting reagent and the change in temperature (i.e. directly proportional or indirectly proportional)
Answer:
number of moles is inversely proportional to the Temperature
Explanation:
As we know
PV = nRT
where P is the pressure
V is the volume
n is the number of moles
R is the gas constant
and T is the temperature
If we see the equation, we can find that n is inversely proportional to the Temperature
Which point defect in its crystal units alters the density of a solid?
please please answer
Answer:
Schottky defect
Explanation:
Schottky defect in crystals units alters the density of a solid.
PLSS HELPP ME i dont knowww
Answer:
non polar. polar ionic substance