Stomach acid, or stomach contents chemical that refluxes into the esophagus, causing the burning pain of gerd.
Acidic stomach secretions are combined with food in the stomach to break it down (called chyme). This often has a pH of approximately 2, which is quite low (acidic). The burning feeling is caused when this liquid occasionally refluxes back into the esophagus.
Stomach acid, especially HCl, which builds up in excess and causes heartburn, is the culprit. This acid is necessary for the digestion of the food we consume, but it may frequently back up into the esophagus and provide that familiar burning feeling. Anyone can have occasional heartburn or acid reflux. However, if you typically get it twice a week or more, you may be at risk for complications that might harm your throat.
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which manifestation would alert the nurse to suspect that a postpartum client has septic pelvic thrombophlebitis (spt)?
constant fever and abdominal pain of the client would alert the nurse to suspect that the client has septic pelvic thrombophlebitis(spt).
Thrombophlebitis is a rare postpartum complication which consist of a postpartum fever. this fever not responsive to any antibiotics. This shows the sign of pelvic infection leads to infection of the vein wall severe damage leading to thrombogenesis in the ovarian vein. It is a cause post operative fever. In some cases SPT may arise after 48 hours of postpartum delivery.it may feel constant abdominal pain varying intensity. that has no physical signs and symptoms.it signs constant fever, pain of uterus, midline lower abdominal pain, shortness of breathe.
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what is the earliest point in pregnancy in which a fetus is likely to be able to survive outside of the uterus?
Fetal viability is the earliest stage of pregnancy at which a foetus is believed to be able to survive outside of the uterus.
Typically, a pregnancy must be between 23- and 24-weeks gestational age to be deemed medically viable. Birth weight, gestational age, and access to high-quality medical care are just a few examples of the variables that affect viability. Due to a lack of access to healthcare, half of new-borns born at or below 32 weeks of gestational age in low-income countries died; in high-income countries, the vast majority of new-borns born at or above 24 weeks of gestation survive. The gestational age at which a prematurely born foetus or infant has a 50% chance of long-term survival outside its mother's womb is known as the limit of viability. Since the 1960s, the limit of viability has decreased in the industrialised world thanks to neonatal critical care facilities. Regarding the resuscitation of extremely premature babies, various jurisdictions have distinct regulations that may be based on several aspects like gestational age, weight, and medical presentation of the baby, as well as the preferences of parents and medical professionals. The high probability of death despite medical interventions, severe handicap in very preterm infants, and ineffective medical treatment have sparked ethical discussions on the value of life and how different religious beliefs interpret the sanctity of human life.
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the nurse assesses the respiratory status of an infant. which finding should be of most concern to the nurse?
The nurse assesses the respiration repute of an infant. Tachypnea is the locating that need to be of maximum or most difficulty to the nurse.
Tachypnea is the time period that your fitness care company makes use of to explain your respiratory if it's miles too fast, in particular when you have fast, shallow respiratory from a lung ailment or different clinical cause. The time period hyperventilation is normally used in case you are taking rapid, deep breaths. For kids more youthful than 2 years of age, the nurse need to auscultate the apical pulse with the stethoscope on the factor of most depth simply above and outdoor of the left nipple on the 1/3 or fourth intercostal space.
Infants 1 to eleven months old: eighty to one hundred sixty beats consistent with minute. Children 1 to two years old: eighty to a hundred thirty beats consistent with minute. Children three to four years old: eighty to one hundred twenty beats consistent with minute. Children five to six years old: seventy five to a hundred and fifteen beats consistent with minute. The nice spot to experience the heart beat in an toddler is the top am, referred to as the brachial pulse. Lay your child down at the returned with one arm bent so the hand is up through the ear.
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which factors are associated with the development of complications in infants of mothers with diabetes?
Perinatal asphyxia, traumas birth and metabolic problems are the factors which might be related to the development of headaches/infants in toddlers of mothers with diabetes.
Infants of diabetic moms are vulnerable to neurologic impairments, specifically because of perinatal asphyxia, beginning traumas and metabolic problems. Perinatal asphyxia: Increased danger of perinatal asphyxia has been stated in diabetic pregnancies in some of studies.In the epidemiologic context of maternal weight problems and kind 2 diabetes (T2D), the prevalence of gestational diabetes has extensively improved withinside the closing decades.
Respiratory distress, cardiac problems and neurologic impairment because of perinatal asphyxia and beginning traumas, amongst others. Macrosomia is the maximum steady effect of diabetes and its severity is specifically motivated through maternal blood glucose level. Neonatal hypoglycemia is the primary metabolic disease that need to be averted as quickly as feasible after beginning. The severity of macrosomia and the maternal fitness circumstance have a sturdy effect at the frequency and the severity of damaging neonatal outcomes.
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how is cause and effect reasoning used in the healthcare field? who uses it, why, how, and to what end? in which other fields and/or situations have you seen cause and effect in action? g
Clinical Reasoning, Decisionmaking, and Action .
The use of clinical judgment and reasoning by clinical nurses in delivering high-quality patient care while preventing negative outcomes and patient harm is investigated in connection to different ways of thinking. The clinician's capacity to reason, think, and judge may be constrained by their lack of experience, which may affect their ability to deliver safe, high-quality care. Nursing professionals must constantly learn new skills and assess their own performance.
Nursing critical thinking is a crucial part of professional accountability and providing high-quality care. Confidence, contextual perspective, creativity, adaptability, inquisitiveness, intellectual integrity, intuition, openmindedness, persistence, and introspection are mental habits that critical thinkers in nursing demonstrate.
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the nurse is evaluating the serum acetylsalicylic acid results for a client receiving acetylsalicylic acid for rheumatoid arthritis. which noted result is indicative that the client is within the range for the medication's antiarthritic effect?
The result of 3.26 mg/dL (1.88 mmol/L) indicates that the customer is within the range for the antiarthritic action of the drug.
Target plasma salicylate concentrations between 150 and 300 mcg/mL are linked to an anti-inflammatory response, but concentrations over 200 mcg/mL are linked to a higher risk of toxicity.
An antiarthritic is a medication that reduces or eliminates the pain and stiffness associated with arthritis. The antiarthritic drug class may be responsible for managing pain, reducing inflammation, or carrying out immunosuppressive activities.
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what important points should the nurse keep in mind when caring for an older adult to promote health?
To promote a healthy lifestyle, the nurse should urge the client to engage in regular physical activity and to adopt stress-reduction techniques.
What are stress-reduction techniques?Stress relievers can help restore calm and serenity to your chaotic life.Exercise While it won't make your stress go away, exercise can help you feel less emotionally charged, which can help you think more clearly and approach situations more calmly.Aim to remain optimistic.Find the good things and things to be thankful for in life.A strong network of friends, family, and coworkers can help you get through difficult times at work and open your eyes to new perspectives.Don't rely on caffeine, alcohol, or smoking as coping mechanisms.Prioritizing your work and focusing on the things that will truly make a difference is a key component of working smarter.In order to promote health, the nurse should take into account the client's social surroundings and enhance social support. The nurse should evaluate the client for fear of falling because it is a substantial concern for older persons, and offer support by changing the surroundings. In the presence of disease, the nurse should concentrate on maintaining the highest level of health rather than on preventing it. To enhance health, the nurse should motivate senior citizens to carry out everyday tasks on their own.To learn more about stress-reduction techniques, refer to
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an immunofluorescence microscopy assay (ifa) was performed, and a significant antibody titer was reported. positive and negative controls performed as expected. however, the clinical evaluation of the patient was not consistent with a positive finding. what is the most likely explanation of this situation?
An immunofluorescence microscopy assay (ifa) was performed and the clinical evaluation of the patient was not consistent with a positive finding. This means that the pattern of fluorescence was misinterpreted.
What is immunofluorescence microscopy assay?
Incubation with an antihuman antibody that has been fluorescently labeled allows for the visualization of bound antibodies, which are used in the immunofluorescence assay (IFA), a common virologic technique for detecting the presence of antibodies based on their unique ability to react with viral antigens expressed in infected cells. Additional specificity to the interpretation is added by requiring antibodies to show reactivity with recognizable staining patterns. In laboratories with extensive experience with the assay, indirect immunological fluorescence is still used extensively as a confirmation assay in HIV diagnosis.
There must be some unexpected pattern of fluorescence that was seen in the immunofluorescence microscopy assay. There could be several antibodies present if there is an unexpected pattern. If the antibodies are identified at different titers, diluting the sample may help to clearly demonstrate the specificities of the antibodies.
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which outcome would be appropriate to determine an early favorable response to antidepressant medication?
The client will set up a stability of rest, sleep, and pastime final results might be suitable to decide an early favorable reaction to antidepressant medication. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are the maximum typically prescribed antidepressants.
They can ease signs of mild to intense despair, are distinctly secure and usually purpose fewer aspect outcomes than different forms of antidepressants do. Depression is a intellectual fitness difficulty that begins offevolved most customarily in early adulthood. It’s additionally greater not unusualplace in women. However, anybody at any age may also cope with despair.
Depression influences your mind, so pills that paintings for your mind may also show beneficial. Common antidepressants may also assist ease your signs, however there are numerous different alternatives as well. Each drug used to deal with despair works with the aid of using balancing positive chemical substances for your mind referred to as neurotransmitters. These pills paintings in barely one-of-a-kind methods to ease your despair signs.
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a nurse injects a medication by iv (intravenous) push instead of im (intramuscular) as ordered by the physician. the patient goes into cardiac arrest and dies as a result of this medication error. the nurse has worked at the facility for 15 years and this is his first error. a correct determination by the peer review committee would be that
A correct determination by the peer review committee would be that the employer terminate the nurse's employment.
IV push permits for administration of associate degree antibiotic during a nominal fluid volume. little fluid volumes is significantly helpful in patients United Nations agency square measure fluid-restricted, like patients with acute volume overload or acute failure. the medication is “pushed” into your blood with a syringe. Your IV line will ought to be flushed.
A medication administered into a muscle is thought as an intramuscular (IM) injection. The IM route permits for speedy absorption of specific medications. selecting a muscle relies on the medication volume and also the age or size of the patient.
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the nurse is caring for a patient with a new diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (sle). the patient denies a family history of this disease. which information in the patient's history identifies a likely cause of the onset of symptoms?
The nurse is caring for a patient with a new diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus. Procainamide information in the patient's history identifies a likely cause of the onset of symptoms.
PCA, an antiarrhythmic medication, is used to treat cardiovascular arrhythmias. It is a sodium channel blocker of cardiomyocytes, according to Vaughan Williams' classification system. Along with the INa current, it also reduces the K+ current of the IKr rectifier. Procainamide is used to treat ventricular arrhythmias including ectopy and tachycardia as well as supraventricular arrhythmias such atrial fibrillation, re-entrant, and automatic supraventricular tachycardia. For instance, a rising corpus of literature supporting this particular reason is collecting despite the fact that it was once thought to be insufficient for the purpose. It can be used to treat atrial fibrillation that has just started.
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after recovering from a gunshot wound to the right shoulder area, a patient had continued difficulty abducting his arm. it was determined that a nerve of the brachial plexus was damaged. which nerve was most likely damaged and which muscle was most likely affected?
Axillary nerve and deltoid muscle was most likely damaged and affected
The axillary nerve has each a motor and a sensory distribution of innervation.
It has motor fibres that innervate the deltoid muscle, acting as an abductor, flexor and extensor on the shoulder joint, in addition to the teres minor muscle, allowing lateral rotation of the glenohumeral joint.
As stated above, it has sensory innervation to the skin of the arm superficial to decrease part of the the deltoid muscle and superficial the upper a part of the long head of the triceps, because the superior/upper lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm.
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a client with an elevated blood pressure asks the nurse why he is not taking his blood pressure medication from home while he is hospitalized. the nurse reviews the orders and discovers that indeed the client is not taking his usual blood pressure medication. which preventive measure was most likely omitted on admission?
When a client is admitted to the hospital, the nurse should always perform a medication reconciliation. This means that the nurse compares the medications that the client is currently taking at home with the medications that are ordered for the client while they are in the hospital.
If the nurse had performed a medication reconciliation on this client, they would have discovered that the client was not taking their usual blood pressure medication at home and would have been able to provide this information to the physician. This would have resulted in the physician ordering the medication for the client while they are in the hospital.
The most likely explanation for why the client is not taking their usual blood pressure medication while hospitalized is that the medication was not prescribed on admission. This could be due to a variety of reasons, such as the client forgetting to bring their medication with them, the hospital not having the medication in stock, or the prescribing physician not being aware of the client's usual medication.
Regardless of the reason, it is important that the nurse take measures to prevent the client's blood pressure from rising to dangerous levels. This may include starting the client on a new blood pressure medication, monitoring the client's blood pressure closely, and/or providing education on lifestyle changes that can help to lower blood pressure.
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Jim was in an automobile accident and now experiences emotions differently than before the accident. For instance, he now cries more easily and says that when he is angry, it feels different. What type of injury did jim likely experience?.
Answer:
cognitive or a brain injury
Explanation:
the nurse cares for a client with superficial partial-thickness burn injuries to the lower extremities. the client is ordered iv morphine for pain. the nurse understands narcotics are given via iv during the initial management of pain because
When a nurse is caring for a patient who has suffered superficial partial-thickness burns to the lower extremities. IV morphine is prescribed for the client's pain. Because tissue edema may interfere with drug absorption via other routes, the nurse understands that narcotics are administered intravenously during the initial management of pain.
Because of the altered tissue perfusion caused by the burn injury, IV administration is required. Morphine injections are administered to treat moderate to severe pain. Morphine belongs to the class of medications known as opiate (narcotic) analgesics. It works by altering how the brain and nervous system react to pain.
Edema occurs when tiny blood vessels (capillaries) in your body leak fluid. The fluid accumulates in the surrounding tissues, causing swelling. Mild cases of edema can be caused by: Sitting or remaining in one position for an extended period of time. Excessive consumption of salty foods.
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the nurse is working with a. child who was physically abused by a parent. which is the most important goal for this family?
Physical abuse is defined as intentional bodily harm. Slapping, pinching, choking, kicking, shoving, or inappropriate use of drugs or physical restraints are some examples.
What constitutes suspected physical abuse?
Suspected physical abuse (SPA) in infants and young children, also known as non-accidental injury (NAI) or inflicted injury, continues to pose both ethical and legal challenges to treating physicians.
Simple parental and child support may be the most effective way to prevent child abuse. Some of the many ways of keeping children safe include after-school activities, parent education classes, mentoring programs, and respite care. Be an advocate for these efforts in your community.
Therefore, Parent education to increase the use of positive discipline strategies, as well as cognitive behavioral therapy for parents to improve the parent-child relationship.
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after compute analysis of a client's 24-hour recall is completed, results show the following breakdown of her intake: 2000 calories, 60 g total fat, 20 g saturated fat, and 300 mg cholesterol. the dietitian counseling this client on a therapeutic lifestyle changes diet should advide her to:
Decrease her intake of saturated fat and cholesterol.
Rationale:
Step 1: Determine % kcal from total fat:
60 g x 9 kcal/g = kcal from fat
2000
= or % total calories
Step 2: Determine % kcal from saturated fat:
20g x 9 kcal/g = kcal from sat. fat
2000
= or % total calories
Reasoning: This diet exceeds the Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes Diet requirements for saturated fat and cholesterol, although having an adequate quantity of total fat (27 percent of total calories).
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as race-day approaches, anthony wants to increase the percentage of total kilocalories in his diet from carbohydrate to increase his glycogen stores. if he consumes 3200 kcal/day during the training period and 60% of his kcal/day are supplied by carbohydrate, how many grams of carbohydrate does he consume per day?
If he consumes 3200 kcal/day during the training period and 60% of his kcal/day are supplied by carbohydrate, 375 grams of carbohydrate does he needs to consume per day.
Carbohydrates, or carbs, are sugar molecules. Along side proteins and fats, carbohydrates are one in every of 3 main nutrients found in foods and drinks. Your body breaks down carbohydrates into glucose. Glucose, or blood sugar, is that the main supply of energy for your body's cells, tissues, and organs.
Glycogen could be a multibranched sugar of glucose that is a style of energy storage in animals, fungi, and microorganism. The sugar structure represents the most storage style of aldohexose within the body.
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After reviewing the major types of anemia, students demonstrate understanding of the information when they identify what as an example of a hemolytic anemia?
Pernicious anemia
Sickle cell anemia
Iron deficiency anemia
Folic acid deficiency anemia
Using the theories of anemia, we got that Sickle cell anemia as an example of hemolytic anemia after reviewing the major types of anemia.
Anemia or anaemia (British English) is the blood disorder in which the blood has a reduced ability to carry oxygen due to the lower than normal number of red blood cells, or the reduction in the amount of hemoglobin. When anemia comes on the slowly, the symptoms are often vague, such as tiredness, weakness, the shortness of breath, headaches, and a reduced ability to exercise. When anemia is acute, symptoms may include the confusion, feeling like one is going to pass out, loss of consciousness, and the increased thirst. Anemia must be significant before the person becomes noticeably pale. Additional symptoms may occur depending on underlying cause. Preoperative anemia can increase the risk of needing the blood transfusion following surgery.
Hence, After reviewing the major types of anemia, students demonstrate understanding of the information when they identify an example of a hemolytic anemia is Sickle cell anemia.
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a client admitted with severe epigastric abdominal pain radiating to the back is vomiting and reports difficulty breathing. upon assessment, the nurse determines that the client is experiencing tachycardia and hypotension. which actions are priority interventions for this client? select all that apply.
The nurse need to administer electrolytes, plasma, pain reliving medications and assist client to a semi fowler position.
The nurse report decrease in BP and low urine output this indicate renal failure. The treatment for the pancreas must focus on reliving the pain and maintain circulation with decrease in production of pancreatic enzyme.
Due to loss of fluid, intravenous fluid and electrolytes replacement is necessary. Due to hypotension, plasma also should be administered.
With fluids, blood and blood products are also accompanied to maintain blood volume and treat hypovolemic shocks.
The nurse also make sure that client is in semi fowler position which is done to decrease pressure on diaphragm .
With all this a low-fat diet with small frequent meals should also be taken into account.
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which information in the preoperative patient's medication history is most important to communicate to the health care provider?
Answer:
The patient's current medications, allergies, and any other medications the patient has taken in the past
what instructions would a nurse give to an adolescent to prevent sexually transmitted infections eaq
Answer:
A firm, smooth, egg-shaped organ can be palpated.
Each testicle is examined individually after relaxing the scrotal skin.
The thumb and fingers of both hands can be used to apply firm and gentle pressure.
A raised swelling that can be palpated on the superior aspect of the testicle is the epididymis.
Explanation:
a nurse is reevaluating a client receiving iv fibrinolytic therapy. which finding requires immediate intervention by the nurse?
A nurse is reevaluating a client receiving IV fibrinolytic therapy and the finding of an altered level of consciousness requires immediate intervention by the nurse.
Fibrinolytic therapy is most frequently wont to treat heart failure (blocked arteries of your heart) and stroke (blocked arteries of your brain). however it may also treat: embolism (blocked arteries of your lung).
An altered level of consciousness (ALOC) is a state of reduced alertness or inability to arouse because of low awareness of the setting. Coma is outlined as a whole lack of recognition with no response to the environment however intact eye-opening and no eye movement
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a healthcare service company delivering in-home treatment to the elderly receives referrals from a medicare authorized provider for a fee. this activity becomes an illegal kickback scheme when:
When a provider recommends unnecessary treatments and is reimbursed by Medicare for doing so.
What qualifies as Medicare?Medicare is a form of medical insurance for those 65 and older. Three months before turning 65, you can first sign up for Medicare. If you have a disability, end-stage renal disease (ESRD), or ALS (also known as Lou Gehrig's disease), you might be qualified for Medicare sooner.You may choose how you want to sign up for Medicare. You can purchase a Medicare Supplement Insurance (Medigap) policy from a private insurance provider if you decide to have Original Medicare (Part A and Part B) coverage.If they have worked and paid Medicare taxes for a sufficient amount of time, the majority of people 65 and older are eligible for free Medicare hospital insurance (Part A). You can enroll in Medicare Part B medical insurance by making a monthly premium payment. Some beneficiaries who earn more will pay a higher Part B premium each month.Learn more about Medicare refer :
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a client diagnosed with delusional disorder who uses excessive health care resources most likely has which type of delusions?
Somatic delusions are likely present in patients with a diagnosis of delusional disease who use an excessive amount of medical services.
Somatic delusional patients think they are physically ill. Somatic delusional patients consume an excessive number of medical resources. There are many subtypes for somatic delusions. Erotomanic delusions are defined by the delusion that the "loved object," who is typically married, has a higher socioeconomic level, or is otherwise unreachable, has a deep love for the client. Grandiose delusional clients believe they have great, underappreciated skill or have discovered something significant; a less frequent presentation is the delusion of a special relationship with a famous person or actually being a famous person.
One of the main causes of somatic delusions, somatic symptom disorder is one of the six delusional diseases recognised by medical professionals. Somatic delusions, however, can also show during psychotic episodes, which can occur in connection with a variety of mental diseases. Somatic delusions cause people to be completely convinced that there is something physically, biologically, or medically wrong with them. Because of this conviction, they may experience a variety of "symptoms" that serve to confirm their worst suspicions.
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after completing an intermittent catheterization, what information concerning the procedure will the nurse include in ms. johnson's medical record? (select all that apply.) time procedure was performed description of the cleansing process preceding the procedure size of catheter used characteristics of the urine obtained description of the patient's tolerance of the procedure
After completing an intermittent catheterization, concerning the procedure, nurse would include time procedure was performed, size of catheter used, characteristics of the urine obtained, and description of the patient's tolerance of the procedure in medical record.
People with bladder management problems might have to perform self-catheterization to empty the bladder. Conjointly referred to as intermittent catheterization, the method involves employing a tubing, or tube, to empty pee at regular intervals throughout the day. individuals with sure medical conditions might have self-catheterization.
While self-catheterization might not be snug, it should not cause physical pain. If you've got pain once inserting an intermittent tubing, you'll be mistreatment the incorrect size or form for your duct. Your tending team will show you the way to properly self-catheterize and realize the correct acceptable you.
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the nurse is reviewing a primary health care provider's prescriptions for a child with sickle cell anemia who was admitted to the hospital for the treatment of vaso-occlusive crisis. which prescriptions documented in the child's record should the nurse question? select all that apply
The prescriptions documented in the child's record should the nurse question during the treatment of Vaso-occlusive crisis is restrict fluid intake.
Vaso-occlusive crisis is the most common complication of sickle cell anemia. sickle cell anemia, is an inherited disorder where body produces cells that are shaped like crescents or sickles. These do not last long and lower the number of RBCs.
Pain is mild and short but often requires hospitalization.
Treatment of Vaso- occlusive treatment include use of potent analgesic (opioids), rehydration with normal saline, using artemisinin combination therapy and etc.
For this treatment, drinking a lot of fluids help unlike the prescription shows restricting the intake.
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which clinical manifestations would the nurse expect to assess in an infant diagnosed with ventricular septal defect (vsd)?
Small ventricular septal defects are rarely problematic. A nurse usually discovers these holes during a routine physical exam by noticing an extra heart sound called a murmur.
What is an infant ventricular septal defect?
A ventricular septal defect (VSD) is a heart birth defect in which there is a hole in the wall (septum) that separates the two lower chambers (ventricles) of the heart. The ventricular septum is yet another name for this wall.
Large and medium-sized VSDs can cause noticeable symptoms. When infants attempt to feed, their breathing may become faster and they may become tired. They may begin to sweat or cry while feeding, and they may gain weight gradually.
Therefore, These symptoms suggest that the VSD will not close on its own and that the infant may require heart surgery.
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a client who has cognitive and motor deficits secondary to the onset of huntington's disease is participating in ot. one of the client's goals is to be independent with dressing. which intervention activity is best to include as part of the initial intervention plan?
Inform the client and any other caretakers of the best ways to modify the fasteners on the client's garment. HD is a neurological disorder that worsens over time.
Choreo-athetoid motions, behavioral changes, and cognitive impairments are all symptoms. The benefits of learning methods to make up for motor deficiencies would be greatest for a client who is still in the early stages.
What is neurological disorder?
Central and peripheral nerve systems are affected by neurological illnesses. In other words, the muscles, the autonomic nervous system, the spinal cord, the cranial nerves, the peripheral nerves, and the nerve roots.
A dysfunction in the nervous system or brain is the cause of a neurologic disorder (i.e. spinal cord and nerves). There may be both physical and psychological manifestations of this disorder. A baby's brain starts to grow before birth. Infancy, childhood, and adolescence all see it continuing to develop.
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easynotecards viral infections are easier to treat with drugs than bacterial infections. true false
It is false that viral infections are easier to treat with drugs than a bacterial infections.
Numerous bacterial infections have been successfully treated with penicillin and other antibiotics. However, antibiotics cannot combat viruses but antivirals do. Researchers and pharmaceutical companies have struggled to find an antiviral that can treat COVID-19-causing SARS-CoV-2 since the coronavirus pandemic began.
Viruses are inert that is, they are living only if they are inside a host. Our own cells are used by viruses to reproduce. Because of this, it's hard to kill viruses without also killing our own cells. A protein coating of protection surrounds viruses; They do not have a cell wall that can be attacked by antibiotics.
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