Respiration is a metabolic process common to all living things. Here, you will learn the definition, location, processes, and formula for cellular respiration. At the end, you can test your knowledge with a short quiz.
What is Respiration?
When you hear the word 'respire,' you probably think of breathing. When you breathe, you are taking in oxygen with each inhale and releasing carbon dioxide with each exhale. This gas exchange is important for respiration, but while breathing is a physical process, respiration can be thought of as more of a chemical process. All organisms, from a single bacterial cell to a coral reef colony to a blue whale, undergo respiration.
Food molecules absorbed after digestion are taken in, broken down, and the energy freed in the process is used to power the organism's movements and physiological functioning. Respiration is the biochemical process in which the cells of an organism obtain energy by combining oxygen and glucose, resulting in the release of carbon dioxide, water, and ATP (the currency of energy in cells).
When we examine the equation for cellular respiration, we see that the reactants are glucose and oxygen (for aerobic respiration), and the products are carbon dioxide, water, and ATP. Note the number of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water molecules involved in each 'turn' of the process.
respiration formula
Balance with Photosynthesis
Respiration is the antithesis to the process of photosynthesis, in which carbon dioxide and water are taken in by autotrophs, along with sunlight, to make glucose and oxygen. Autotrophs include any photosynthesizing organisms, such as plants and algae, all of whom also undergo respiration. The products of photosynthesis are taken in by heterotrophs, organisms who cannot make their own energy and rely upon autotrophs for food. The byproducts of their respiration - carbon dioxide and water - are then used for photosynthesis. In a balanced ecosystem, this exchange is an example of a negative feedback loop.
The balance of photosynthesis (green) and respiration (red)
photosynthesis, respiration
Three Phases of Respiration
In prokaryotic cells, respiration takes place in the cytosol and across the cell plasma membrane. In eukaryotic cells, it occurs in the cytosol and in the mitochondria. Mitochondria are the powerhouses of eukaryotic cells, and contain high surface areas of membrane folds on which respiration activity can be maximized.
At what point during mitosis has the nuclear membrane reformed?
How could you experimentally test whether herds of African antelope affect the abundance of plants on which they graze?
Answer:
For the given case, one would fence off some part of land with antelope and the plants they feed on and similarly fence off some other part of land with no antelope. After that comparative analysis is done with the two experimental plots to check that whether the herds of African antelope influences the abundance of plants they consume. An essay in which the two things are contrasted and compared is termed as comparative analysis.
Which type of anatomy names the body parts, the location of body parts and the
relationship of two or more body parts?
a. Gross
b. Physical
c. Microscopic
d. Morphology
Answer:
b
Explanation:
Hope this helps
When rocks are broken down by heat and pressure, chemical weathering has taken place.
Please select the best answer from the choices provided.
T (True)
F (False)
Answer:
T (True)
Explanation:
explain how humans are solar powered (this is a 9th grade question)
Answer:
well the sun has vitamin D, and we need vitamin D to live. So going out and getting sun is necessary to live, so we are solar powered.
Explanation:
if any animal of euphotic zone has to survive in abyssal zone, what adaptations are required to survive there
Answer:
If animals of euphotic has to survive in abyss zone, There are adaptions given below ; They must adapt to temperature. They should adapt to water which is marine one. The animals should adapt to pressure in water
Dont answer this one
Answer:
im going to answer it just bc you told me not to :)
another term for consumer
A. Autotroph
B. Stroma
C. Heterotroph
D.chemical energy
What is the structure of prokaryotic chromosomes
Answer:
1. Prokaryotic chromosomes are found in the nucleoid of prokaryotic cells, and they are circular in shape.
Unlike eukaryotic cells, prokaryotic cells don’t have a membrane-bound nucleus. Instead, their genetic material can be found in a region of the cytoplasm called the nucleoid. A prokaryotic cell typically has only a single, coiled, circular chromosome. However, there are a few prokaryotes that have more than one—Vibrio cholerae, the bacterium that causes cholera, has two circular chromosomes.
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Prokaryotic Chromosome
Prokaryotic cells typically have a single, circular chromosome located in the nucleoid.
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2. Each chromosome contains a molecule of DNA that is supercoiled and compacted by nucleoid-associated proteins (NAPs).
Prokaryotic cells may have only one chromosome, but that one chromosome is a very long DNA molecule that must be condensed to fit inside a tiny space. In a eukaryotic cell, DNA wraps around clusters of histone proteins. However, most prokaryotic cells don’t use histones to help with DNA storage. (Some Archaea do, but they are the exception, rather than the rule.)
Like eukaryotic DNA, prokaryotic DNA undergoes supercoiling, but it is not wound around histone clusters first. Supercoiling uses the application of tension to twist a DNA molecule, so it wraps around itself, creating loops.
The folding of prokaryotic DNA is facilitated by nucleoid-associated proteins (NAPs) instead of histones. NAPs are proteins within the nucleoid that can bind to the DNA molecule, introducing bends and folds, and they are involved with processes such as DNA replication and transcription.
3. Prokaryotic cells are haploid, meaning they do not have chromosomes that occur in homologous pairs.
Most prokaryotic cells have just one chromosome, so they are classified as haploid cells (1n, without paired chromosomes). Even in Vibrio cholerae, which has two chromosomes, the chromosomes are unique from one another. That is, they are not a homologous pair, because they don’t contain the same genes in the same locations.
Many prokaryotes, such as bacteria, reproduce via binary fission. This is a method of asexual reproduction that is similar in its end result to mitosis—two daughter cells result, each with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell. However, when bacteria undergo binary fission, no mitotic spindle forms. In addition, the replication of the prokaryotic cell’s chromosome can occur during the fission process.
4. Prokaryotic cells can also carry small molecules of DNA called plasmids.
Plasmids are small, circular DNA molecules that contain the cell’s nonessential genes. Although plasmids can occur in a variety of sizes (ranging from around a thousand base pairs to hundreds of thousands), they usually only have a small number of genes. Antibiotic resistance is a trait that is frequently attributed to genes on plasmids.
In addition to their single chromosome, prokaryotic cells often have small, circular DNA molecules called plasmids.
The genetic material of plasmids is separate from that of the cell’s main chromosome, and they can replicate independently of that chromosome. When a prokaryotic cell with a plasmid divides, the daughter cells each receive a copy of the plasmid, along with its regular chromosome.
5. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic chromosomes differ in their shape, size, number, and location within the cell.
Here’s how the characteristics of eukaryotic and prokaryotic chromosomes compare.
Eukaryotic Chromosome Prokaryotic Chromosome
Shape Linear Circular
Size Large Small
Number Multiple Single
Location Nucleus Nucleoid (region in cytoplasm)
Storage proteins Histones Nucleoid-associated proteins
Visible Body Biology
External Sources
“The Precarious Prokaryotic Chromosome” from the Journal of Bacteriology.
A video on DNA topology and supercoiling from the MITx Molecular Biology course.
“Nucleoid Associated Proteins: The Small Organizers That Help to Cope With Stress” from Frontiers in Microbiology.
An article from Scitable/Nature Education on genome packaging in prokaryotes.
An article from Khan Academy about binary fission in bacteria.
“The Vibrio cholerae genome contains two unique circular chromosomes,” from the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
Definitions of plasmids from Scitable and the National Human Genome Research Institute.
Related Articles
Explanation:
Prokaryotic chromosomes are found in the nucleoid of prokaryotic cells, and they are circular in shape.
Through what process does bacteria acquire the energy they need to survive ?
Answer:
Photosynthesis
Explanation:
Bacteria can obtain energy and nutrients by performing photosynthesis, decomposing dead organisms and wastes, or breaking down chemical compounds.
What do you think happens when there is
not enough food available for all of the
animals living in an ecosystem? Write your
answer below.
Answer:
Competitiveness between species will increase
Explanation:
When there is less resources available to a species that means no every animal can survive so the species will have to compete for survival
Hope this helps :)
Susan finally visits her physician after feeling tired, dizzy, nauseous, and feverish for a long time. During her physical, the doctor draws whole blood to do a complete blood count and white cell differential. How might this help in making a diagnosis?
Answer:
it helps to find out the type of bacteria affecting the red blood cells
Feeling dizzy, nauseous and feverish for a very long time might be due to low levels of hemoglobin or it can be due to decrease in white blood cells or platelets count. To diagnose the problem, it might help by doing whole blood count.
What is dizzy?Dizzy means a whirling sensation in the head which makes to fall.
What is nauseous?Nauseous means the feeling of vomiting.
What is feverish?Feverish means a rise in temperature than normal.
What is hemoglobin?Hemoglobin is the red colour pigment present in red blood cells.
What are white blood cells?White blood cells are the cells which helps in immunity.
What are platelets?Platelets are the larger cells which helps in clotting of blood.
What is diagnose?Diagnose means to identify.
What is problem?Problem means a harmful situation which is to be solved.
What is whole blood count?Whole blood count is the blood used to evaluate overall health.
Therefore by the physical examination, whole blood count can help in diagnosis of many disorders like anemia, tuberculosis, leucopenia etc.
To learn more about whole blood count here
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In the diagram below, which letter would you use to label the continental rise? *
identify and explain if cloning is a form of asexual reproduction or sexual reproduction
[Written response] [45 POINTS!!!] Please help
Answer:
Organism cloning. Organism cloning (also called reproductive cloning) refers to the procedure of creating a new multicellular organism, genetically identical to another. In essence this form of cloning is an asexual method of reproduction, where fertilization or inter-gamete contact does not take place.
is there an animal in this picture
Answer:
Yes
Explanation:
The animal is actually a stick bug that is blending in with it's environment.
give two lysosome function
Answer:
They break down excess or worn-out cell parts. They may be used to destroy invading viruses and bacteria.
Explanation:
Hope this help :)
What is water called when it has a high concentration of iron, magnesium, or
calcium?
hard
a lake
groundwater
soft
Answer:
I think Hard
Explanation:
Hard water, water that contains salts of calcium and magnesium principally as bicarbonates, chlorides, and sulfates. Ferrous iron may also be present; oxidized to the ferric form, it appears as a reddish brown stain on washed fabrics and enameled surfaces.
What is true about the offspring of yeast?
They have genes that are identical to those of the parent.
They have half of the genetic information of the parent.
They have genes that are different from those of the parent.
They have organelles that are not found in the parent.
please hurry :)
Answer:
B
Explanation:
Answer:
b
Explanation:
What school yhu go to?
Answer: Am from California
Explanation: Its where I live
what are the two components of an ecosystem
Answer:
The Ecosystem is comprised of two basic components: - Biotic and Abiotic components.
Enter the answer in the space provided.
The chart lists a few structural characteristics of viruses.
1. Viruses are extraordinarily small in size.
2. Viruses are not specific to their hosts.
3. Viruses contain either DNA or RNA as genetic material.
4. Viruses lack cellular organization.
Based on the information, enter the number of the characteristic that explains why viruses are unable to reproduce on their own.
“The virus cannot reproduce itself outside the host because it lacks the complicated machinery that a [host] cell possesses.” The host's cellular machinery allows viruses to produce RNA from their DNA (a process calledtranscription) and to build proteins based on the instructions encoded in their RNA.
State the Problem (What is Mike’s problem or question?)
Answer:
I don't understand I need more information
:(( I need more help! ASAP please
Which specialized structure do nocturnal primates use to see better at night?
a tapetum lucidum
a grooming claw
a fused jaw
a tooth comb
Answer:
a. tapetum lucidum
Explanation:
This is a reflective layer behind their eyes that allow them to see much more than diurnal primates
Answer:
Tapetum Lucidum
Explanation:
took the quiz
Does anyone know what numbers are inside of ALL PHONES? Hint only 2. WILL GIVE BRAINLEST!
the answer is 0 and 1 like a computer
Which Two process is it Giving brainliest Please explain
Answer:
B and C
Explanation:
Freezing: because matter is slowing down
Condensing is just like Freezing
Sorry if wrong trying my best
Guys I need help pls
Am begging you help me
DONT JUST TYPE HEHEHDHEHEHEHEBEHE
THANK YOU
Answer:
separates the interior of all the cells
The blood carries _________________ to the cells from the lungs, and then picks up the _____________________ waste to carry back to the lungs to be released out of the body.
Question 10 options:
glucose, oxygen
oxygen, glucose
oxygen, carbon dioxide
carbon dioxide, oxygen
Argue whether or not pandas are at the top of their food chain in the following scenario.
Pandas are herbivores that live in the mountainous regions of China. They are peaceful and docile and spend about 18 hours a day eating bamboo. They have only one natural predator: the leopard. However, adult pandas are so large that they are never hunted. Leopards will eat only baby pandas that are left alone, and this occurrence is very rare. Most baby pandas are killed accidentally when their mothers roll over.
In this ecosystem the Leopard usually eats the Giant Panda bear cubs because the adult pandas are very intimidating out in the wild because of their size. The Leopard is then eaten by the Bengal Tiger which in this situation is the Tertiary Consumer and is at the top of the Panda Bears food chain.
The Panda comes under the secondary consumer, as it uses photosynthesis to produce its food – Bamboo. Cubs become a prey to other animals such as Leopards and tigers, which are known as the primary consumer. However adults intimidate other predators because of their great size.
someone please help me ! i’ll mean a lot 90 points given
Answer:
Explanation:
Option D: Increasing the mass by sitting people inside
Hope this helps, mark me brainiest
in a plant what is formed by a group of xylem vessels
A an oragan
B tissue
C organ system
Answer:
it might be tissue
its tissssssssue