a. Budgeted cell conversion cost per hour Conversion costs are the direct and indirect manufacturing costs that are required to convert raw materials into finished goods. Direct costs include labor and materials, while indirect costs include facility maintenance and utilities. The budgeted cell conversion cost per hour is calculated by dividing the budgeted cell conversion cost for the year by the number of budgeted production hours. The budgeted cell conversion cost for the year is $819,000, and the number of budgeted production hours is 1,950. Therefore, the budgeted cell conversion cost per hour is $419.
b. Budgeted cell conversion cost per unit Budgeted cell conversion cost per unit is calculated by dividing the budgeted cell conversion cost per hour by the number of units produced per hour. One unit requires 12 minutes of cell process time. In an hour, there are 60 minutes. Therefore, the number of units produced per hour is 60 / 12 = 5. The budgeted cell conversion cost per hour is $419. Therefore, the budgeted cell conversion cost per unit is $419 / 5 = $83.80. Answer: a. The budgeted cell conversion cost per hour is $419.
b. The budgeted cell conversion cost per unit is $83.80.
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Comment on the cash flow management of Bharat Electronics from the following figures. (Rs/Crs) Particulars Mar-20 Mar-19 Mar-18 Mar-17 Operating Activities 2,570 1,546 -686 -60 Investing Activities -648 -928 -6 3, 114 Financing Activities 1-1,060 -662 -1,202 -2,856 Others 0 0 0 0 Net Cash Flow 860 -44 -1,895 196
My Comment are: Operating Activities: Mar-20: Positive cash flow of Rs 2,570 cr from operating activities. The company's core operations generated substantial cash inflows.
Investing Activities: Mar-20: Cash flow negative at Rs -648 crores from investments. This suggests the company invested, resulting in cash outflows.
What is the cash flow management?The financial management of Bharat Electronics reveals a combination of favorable and unfavorable cash flows originating from different operations.
A robust cash flow generated from primary operations is deduced from the positive cash flow from operating activities, while the negative cash flows from investing and financing activities imply allocation of funds towards investments, clearing up debt, and dispersal of dividends.
To have a more thorough comprehension of the company's cash flow management, it is crucial to take into account supplementary financial data and patterns.
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FARGO COMPANY, a massive distribution facility in Portugal, carries 13,450 CASES. During any particular order, their customers (mostly large grocery chains) order about 4,750 different CASES from their portugese facility. Per order, FARGO COMPANY, only satisfies all demand for 3,000 items. The out-of-stock probability is ___________ % in this case.
The out-of-stock probability is 60.58%, which indicates that there is a high probability that an item will be out of stock in the FARGO COMPANY in Portugal
What is out of stock probability?The out of stock probability refers to the likelihood that an item is unavailable when a customer attempts to buy it. It is a measurement of a business's capacity to keep up with demand and meet customer needs. The number of goods a company can sell is limited by their stock inventory and the order demands.
When a client places an order and the inventory is inadequate to meet the customer's requirements, there is an out-of-stock situation.
The number of goods requested by the consumer is less than or equal to the quantity that the company can supply without being out of stock.
Therefore, the probability of out-of-stock is calculated as follows:
Out of stock probability = 1 - (Quantity in demand/ Quantity of items supplied)
The quantity of items available for sale in the FARGO COMPANY warehouse is 13,450.
The number of distinct items requested by customers per order is 4,750.
The quantity of items provided in the order is 3,000.
The total number of distinct orders that can be met is calculated as:
13,450 / 3,000 = 4.4833333333 = 4 orders.
The quantity of items demanded per order is:
4,750 / 4 = 1,187.5
The likelihood of out-of-stock is:
1 - (1,187.5 / 3,000) = 0.6058
So, The out-of-stock probability is 60.58% in this case.
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2
2 2.5 points eBook + Hint Print Gleason Guitars produces acoustic guitars. The table below contains budget and actual information for the month of June: (Indicate the effect of each variance by select
Given information: Gleason Guitars produces acoustic guitars. The table below contains budget and actual information for the month of June:
Budget information Actual information Production 400 units 425 units Direct materials $20 per unit $20.50 per unit Direct labor $15 per unit $15.50 per unit Fixed overhead $5,000 $5,200 Variable overhead $3 per unit $3.20 per unit
The above table represents the production budget for Gleason Guitars. The budgets are prepared on the basis of estimates and expectations. While actual performance may vary and deviations from the budgeted amounts are analyzed in order to identify problems and opportunities to improve performance.
Variance Analysis is the process of quantifying the difference between actual performance and expected or budgeted performance. Variance analysis is an important tool used in evaluating the performance of a business entity.Here, we have to indicate the effect of each variance as per the below information:
Budgeted production = 400 units Actual production = 425 unitsProduction Volume Variance is calculated as follows:Production Volume Variance = Standard cost per unit x (Actual production – Budgeted production) = $38.00 Explanation:
Here, the standard cost per unit = Direct materials + Direct labor + Variable overhead = $20.00 + $15.00 + $3.00 = $38.00 F (As actual production is greater than budgeted production, the variance is favorable).Now, we calculate Material Cost Variance as follows:
Material Cost Variance = (Standard quantity allowed for actual output x Standard price) – Actual cost= (425 units x $20.00 per unit) - $8,712.50= $8,500 - $8,712.50 = $212.50 UExplanation:Here, the standard quantity allowed for actual output = Actual production x Standard material consumption rate= 425 units x 5 lbs per unit = 2,125 lbsThe standard price is given as $20 per unit.Direct material cost is calculated as $20.50 per unit, Actual material cost = 2,125 x $20.50 = $43,687.50 Material Cost Variance = ($20 x 2,125) - $43,687.50 = $42,500 - $43,687.50 = $1,187.50 U (As the actual cost is greater than the budgeted cost, the variance is unfavorable).We now calculate Labor Cost Variance as follows:
Labor Cost Variance = (Actual hours x Standard labor rate) – Actual cost= (8,312.5 hours x $15 per hour) - $8,640= $124,687.5 - $8,640 = $116,047.5 FExplanation:Here, actual hours worked are calculated as follows:Actual hours = Actual output x Standard hours per unit = 425 x 20 = 8,500 hoursStandard labor rate is given as $15 per hour.Direct labor cost is calculated as $15.50 per unit, actual labor cost = 8,500 x $15.50 = $131,750 Labor Cost Variance = ($15 x 8,312.5) - $131,750 = $124,687.5 - $131,750 = $7,062.5 F (As the actual cost is less than the budgeted cost, the variance is favorable).
Fixed Overhead Variance is calculated as follows:Fixed Overhead Variance = Budgeted Fixed Overhead – Actual Fixed Overhead = $5,000 - $5,200 = $200 UExplanation:Here, the actual fixed overhead is more than the budgeted fixed overhead.Variable Overhead Variance is calculated as follows:Variable Overhead Variance = (Actual output x Standard variable overhead rate) – Actual variable overhead cost= (425 units x $3 per unit) - $1,357.50= $1,275 - $1,357.50 = $82.50 UExplanation:Here, the standard variable overhead rate is given as $3 per unit.Direct variable overhead cost is given as $3.20 per unit, actual variable overhead cost = 425 units x $3.20 per unit = $1,360Variable
Overhead Variance = ($3 x 425) - $1,360 = $1,275 - $1,360 = $82.50 U (As actual variable overhead cost is greater than the budgeted variable overhead cost, the variance is unfavorable).Therefore, the total variance is the sum of the individual variance.Total Variance = Production Volume Variance + Material Cost Variance + Labor Cost Variance + Fixed Overhead Variance + Variable Overhead Variance= $38.00 F + $1,187.50 U + $7,062.50 F + $200 U + $82.50 U= $4,710.50 F (As the total variance is unfavorable, it implies that the actual cost is more than the budgeted cost).
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Smarttron has developed smart energy meters which are digital meters to indicate the power / energy a consumer. These meters provide a digital readout and have support of blue tooth and WiFi for both single phase and 3 phase measurements for domestic and commercial users. These measurements can be carried out over a network from a remote place. Our state electricity board plans to replace the existing analog energy meters with these smart meters. As a MIS expert, suggest the changes to the existing billing system and explain what additional services can be offered by the Electricity board to its consumers based on the available technology.
As a MIS expert, the changes that can be suggested for the existing billing system are as follows:Use of APIs (Application Programming Interface) to integrate billing systems with smart meters.Enable automated billing system via email or mobile applications.
Customers should receive alerts about their consumption of electricity at frequent intervals.Tariffs for different times of the day should be introduced in order to encourage the customers to save energy during peak hours and to use it during off-peak hours.
This can help customers to save money, which in turn can promote the usage of these digital meters.The state electricity board can offer additional services such as:Remote monitoring and maintenance of the smart meters.Sending notifications to customers in case of power outages.
Offering special discount schemes for customers who are using these smart meters to encourage more customers to use them.Smarttron has introduced digital meters that are called smart energy meters that provide a digital readout with the support of blue tooth and WiFi.
They are suitable for both single phase and 3 phase measurements for domestic and commercial users. These measurements can be carried out over a network from a remote place. Therefore, the state electricity board plans to replace the existing analog energy meters with these smart meters to promote the usage of these digital meters.
However, it is not enough to just replace the existing analog energy meters with the smart meters, but it is also important to bring changes to the existing billing system to encourage more customers to use these digital meters.APIs can be used to integrate billing systems with smart meters.
An automated billing system should be introduced via email or mobile applications. This will help customers to receive alerts about their consumption of electricity at frequent intervals.
Tariffs for different times of the day should be introduced in order to encourage the customers to save energy during peak hours and to use it during off-peak hours.
This can help customers to save money, which in turn can promote the usage of these digital meters.In addition, the state electricity board can offer additional services such as remote monitoring and maintenance of the smart meters, sending notifications to customers in case of power outages and special discount schemes for customers who are using these smart meters. These additional services will help to promote the usage of these digital meters.
The state electricity board can replace the existing analog energy meters with the Smarttron's digital meters called smart energy meters to promote the usage of these digital meters. However, changes should be made to the existing billing system to encourage more customers to use these digital meters. The state electricity board can offer additional services such as remote monitoring and maintenance of the smart meters, sending notifications to customers in case of power outages and special discount schemes for customers who are using these smart meters. These additional services will help to promote the usage of these digital meters.
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Your client wants to export to a new geographical area. What possible payment risk must be considered first? a. The risk of loss or damage to goods in transit b. Failure of the buyer to honor his contractual obligations c. The risk of loss due to economic, social, legal, and political conditions d. The risk of the date of cargo readiness
When a client wants to export to a new geographical area, the possible payment risk that must be considered first is the failure of the buyer to honor his contractual obligations. So the right option is (b) Failure of the buyer to honor his contractual obligations .
Export is defined as the shipment of goods to other countries or regions. It is a trading activity that requires not only a reliable product but also an assurance of payment.In general, exporters face various risks when exporting products, which can be reduced or eliminated by using appropriate payment and financing methods.
The following are some payment risks that need to be considered when a client wants to export to a new geographical area:Failure of the buyer to honor his contractual obligations: One of the biggest problems for exporters is the buyer's inability to fulfill the obligations outlined in the contract.
As a result, exporters must be extremely cautious when it comes to the contract's terms, conditions, and risks.Risk of loss due to economic, social, legal, and political conditions: When exporting products, exporters must be aware of the risk of loss due to economic, social, legal, and political conditions that may affect their shipments.
Risk of loss or damage to goods in transit: Another issue for exporters is the risk of loss or damage to goods in transit. To ensure that their shipments arrive at their intended destinations in good condition, exporters must take precautions such as using the right packaging materials and hiring reliable transportation companies.
Risk of the date of cargo readiness: Exporters must be aware of the risk of the date of cargo readiness, which refers to the time it takes for the goods to be ready for shipment. Late delivery of products could result in financial loss, reputation damage, and the loss of future business opportunities.
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Assume that we are able to analyze tax incidence (the respective burden of the tax on consumers and producers) in a short or long period. Suppose that the government imposes taxes on the consumption of cigarettes (inelastic demand).
a) How is the tax incidence in the short run? Discuss and show on a graph
b) How is the tax incidence in the long run? Discuss and show on a graph
When the government imposes taxes on the consumption of cigarettes, the respective burden of the tax on consumers and producers is analyzed as tax incidence.
Assuming that we can analyze tax incidence in the short or long term, let's discuss the tax incidence on the consumption of cigarettes in both the short and long runs.In the short run, the demand for cigarettes is inelastic. In this scenario, the tax incidence is borne by the consumer. This means that the consumer has to pay more for the same quantity of cigarettes than they would have paid before the imposition of taxes.
n, the consumer will purchase a smaller quantity of cigarettes than before because of the higher price caused by the imposition of taxes. The following diagram shows the effects of the tax on cigarettes in the short run:In the above graph, the price of cigarettes rises from P0 to P1. The consumer has to bear the tax burden, which reduces the quantity demanded of cigarettes from Q0 to Q1.
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3. Political events convince people that the assets of country x are now less risky.As a result of this change which curves in the open-economy macroeconomic model shift and which direction do they shift for country x? Case study 1:Shoc Quota Concerns raised about the declining U.S. shoe industry and unfair labor practices in foreign shoe factories lead the Congress and President to impose a quota on shoe imports 4. At a given exchange rate what does a quota do to desired net exports? As a result of this change which curve in the open-economy model shifts and which direction does it shift? 5. As a result of the quota,is there initially a surplus or a shortage in the market for foreign- currency exchange? Carefully explain how people's response to this surplus or shortage and the resulting changes in their behavior leads to a new cquilibrium exchange rate. 6. Overall as a result of this change in policy, what happens to exports, imports, and net exports? Case study 2:Greek Capital Flight In 20l1 Greek citizens were concerned about the size of government debt.Fearful that the government might be unable to fulfill its promise to insure depositors in Greek banks against losses created by bank failures,depositors moved funds out of Greek banks 7. Because of depositors reactions what happened to net capital outflow? 8. Which curve in the domestic loanable funds market shifted and which direction did it shift?
When political events convince people that the assets of a country are less risky, it shifts the net capital outflow (NCO) curve and the supply of dollars (S$) curve to the right. The capital inflows increase as a result of the shift to the right.
The equilibrium exchange rate and net exports (NX) increase as well. Case study 1:4. At a given exchange rate, a quota reduces desired net exports. A quota shifts the demand for dollars (D$) curve to the left in the open-economy model. 5. As a result of the quota, there is initially a shortage in the market for foreign currency exchange. This causes the exchange rate to rise. People's response to this shortage is to purchase fewer U.S. products.
The behavior of the U.S. decreases imports and increases exports. This leads to a new equilibrium exchange rate that is higher than the previous one. 6. Overall, due to the change in policy, exports increase, imports decrease, and net exports increase. Case study 2:7. Due to the reactions of depositors, net capital outflow from Greece increased. 8. The domestic loanable funds market's demand for loanable funds shifted left and the supply of loanable funds did not change.
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After conducting a market survey, the demand forecast for the year was estimated. In order to meet the demand, the production line should be capable of producing 600 units a day. A typical work shift for workers is 8 hours per day.
Draw precedence chart
Calculate the cycle time and theoretical minimum number of workstations to meet the demand
Select in alphabetical order. Balance the line to meet the demand
The cycle time is 0.8 hours, and the theoretical minimum number of workstations to meet the demand is 10.
To calculate the cycle time, we divide the total available work hours per day (8 hours) by the desired production rate (600 units per day). The calculation is as follows:
8 hours / 600 units = 0.0133 hours per unit.
Since we typically express time in minutes, we convert 0.0133 hours to minutes, which equals 0.8 minutes. Therefore, the cycle time is 0.8 minutes per unit.
To determine the theoretical minimum number of workstations required to meet the demand, we divide the total production time available per day (8 hours) by the cycle time (0.8 hours). The calculation is as follows: 8 hours / 0.8 hours = 10 workstations. Hence, to meet the demand of 600 units per day, we would need a minimum of 10 workstations.
In summary, the cycle time is 0.8 hours per unit, and the theoretical minimum number of workstations needed to meet the demand is 10.
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Which of the following is NOT one of three basic corporate strategies for creating value and achieving market stature? a. operational excellence b. product leadership c. quality placement d. customer intimacy
Quality placement is not one of three basic corporate strategies for creating value and achieving market stature. Option C is correct.
A long-term plan that clearly identifies a company's objectives is known as a corporate strategy. The ultimate objective of a corporate strategy is to enhance the business, despite the fact that the goal of each goal may differ. The corporate strategy of a company may place an emphasis on leadership, growth, or sales.
Because it enables a company to concentrate multiple resources on a single goal, a formal corporate strategy is an essential strategic tool. Companies lose sight of their primary goals and lack the motivation and focus that a well-designed corporate strategy provides.
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You have just been offered a contract worth $1.03 million per year for 6 years. However, to take contracts, you will need to purchase some new equipment. Your discount rate for this project is 11.5%. You are still negotiating the purchase price of the equipment. what is the most you can pay for the equipment and still have a positive NPV?
The most you can pay for the equipment and achieve the 11.5% annual return is $___.
the equipment and still have a positive NPV is $4,864,737.50.
Given information: Contract worth $1.03 million per year for 6 years Discount rate for this project is 11.5%We need to calculate the most you can pay for the equipment and still have a positive NPV.
A negative NPV means the investment would result in a loss, and a positive NPV means the investment would result in a gain. The formula for Net Present Value (NPV) is: NPV = PV of cash inflows - PV of cash outflows Calculation of NPV: NPV = - Cost of Equipment + PV of cash inflows PV of cash inflows = Cash flow x PVIFAPVIFAP at 11.5% for 6 years = 4.7227NPV = - Cost of Equipment + 1.03 million x 4.7227Now, to achieve the 11.5% annual return the NPV should be greater than 0. Therefore,0 = - Cost of Equipment + 1.03 million x 4.7227Cost of Equipment = 1.03 million x 4.7227Cost of Equipment = $4,864,737.50Hence, the most you can pay for the equipment and still have a positive NPV is $4,864,737.50.
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in which of the following scenarios would property rights lead individuals to address the situation themselves, and in which scenarios would they likely neglect the problem?
The following scenarios would property rights lead individuals to address the situation themselves are:
1. A homeowner spills tomato sauce on the carpet. The homeowner is likely to take action to address the issue themselves because they have obvious property rights over their own property.
2. Sports fans celebrate a victory by spraying foam on cars in the parking lot. The owners of the automobiles in this situation are likely to clean them because they have clear property rights over them.
The following scenarios would property rights lead individuals neglect the problem are:
1. After lunch, students litter the cafeteria tables. Students are less likely to feel accountable for cleaning up after themselves if there are uncertain property rights over the tables.
2. While driving, people toss rubbish out the window. People are less inclined to take ownership of preserving the public area if there are ambiguous property rights over it.
3. A dog walker leaves his dog's waste on a local route without cleaning it up. The dog walker might not feel obligated to pick up after their dog if there are questionable property rights over the trail.
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The complete question is, "Well-defined property rights can lead to the better maintenance and care of a good. In which of the following scenarios would property rights (or lack thereof) lead individuals to fix the problem themselves and for which scenarios would they likely neglect the problem?
A. Sports fans celebrate a victory by spraying foam on cars in the parking lot.
B. A homeowner spills tomato sauce on the carpet.
C. Students leave trash on cafeteria tables after lunchtime.
D. People throw trash out the window while driving.
E. A dog walker does not clean up after his dog on a neighborhood trail."
TRUE / FALSE. When price in a perfectly competitive market increased from $5 to $10, John’s production increased from 0 to 10. The following relationship must be true: $5 ≤ Lowest Point of Average Cost ≤ $10
The statement "The following relationship must be true: $5 ≤ Lowest Point of Average Cost ≤ $10" is false.
When the price in a perfectly competitive market increases from $5 to $10, it leads to an increase in production to 10 units. As a result, there is an upward shift in the Average Cost (AC) curve.
This shift causes the lowest point of the AC curve to be greater than $5. Additionally, the firm's supply curve lies above the AC curve due to an increase in the market price.
Therefore, the statement is false since the lowest point of the Average Cost curve cannot be less than or equal to the initial price. Instead, it increases to match the market price.
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Which court is responsible for the process of proving that a deceased person’s Will is valid and is the latest Will in existence following the death of the Testator:
A.HIgh Court of Australia
B. Federal Court
C. Supreme Court
D. District Court
E. Magistrates Court
The Supreme Court is responsible for the process of proving that a deceased person's Will is valid and is the latest Will in existence following the death of the Testator.
So, the correct answer is C.
What is a Will?A will is a legal document that describes how a person wants their property to be distributed after they die. In addition to naming beneficiaries, the will may specify who is in charge of administering the estate after the testator's death.
The will may also specify who is in charge of the testator's minor children if they die before the children reach adulthood.
Hence, the answer is C.
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An advantage in using a group for decision making is that it Multiple Choice o leads to a higher level of commitment to the decision. O gives authority to one member in heading the discussion. O results in a phenomenon known as groupthink. leads to a process of decision making known as satisficing.. The first step in an ideal decision-making process is to Multiple Choice O make a choice. O evaluate alternatives. implement the decision. generate alternative solutions.
An advantage in using a group for decision making is that it leads to a higher level of commitment to the decision.
The first step in an ideal decision-making process is to generate alternative solutions.
Individuals frequently experience a stronger sense of ownership and commitment to the chosen course of action when decisions are made collectively in a group setting. This is because their opinions and viewpoints were taken into account during the decision making process. This greater level of dedication may enhance motivation, cooperation and decision implementation.
It's crucial to investigate and come up with a variety of options or solutions when making decisions. This step enables creativity taking into account various viewpoints, and identifying various methods for solving the issue or achieving the desired result. The decision making process can move on to evaluating and contrasting these options, making a decision and carrying out the decision once alternative solutions have been generated.
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The questions are not paraphrased "An advantage in using a group for decision making is that it Multiple Choice
o leads to a higher level of commitment to the decision.
O gives authority to one member in heading the discussion.
O results in a phenomenon known as groupthink.
leads to a process of decision making known as satisficing.
The first step in an ideal decision-making process is to
Multiple Choice- O make a choice.
O evaluate alternatives.
implement the decision.
generate alternative solutions."
Consider a country operating under fixed exchange rates, with aggregate demand and aggregate supply given by equations (21.1) and (21.2):
Y= C (Y- T) + I (Y, i – πe) + G + NX [Y,Y*, EP/p*]
Assume that the economy is initially in medium-run equilibrium, with a constant price level and output equal to the natural level of output. Foreign output, the foreign price level and the foreign interest rate are fixed throughout the problem. Assume that expected (domestic) inflation remains constant throughout the problem.
a. Draw an AS–AD diagram for this economy.
b. Now suppose that there is an increase in government spending. Show the effects on the AS–AD diagram in the short run and the medium run. How do output and the price level change in the medium run?
c. What happens to consumption in the medium run?
d. What happens to the real exchange rate in the medium run? (Hint: Consider the effect on the price level you identified in part [b].) What happens to net exports in the medium run?
e. Given that the exchange rate is fixed, what is the domestic nominal interest rate? Does the increase in government spending affect the domestic nominal interest rate? What happens to the real interest rate in the medium run? (Hint: Remember that expected inflation remains constant by assumption.) What happens to investment in the medium run?
f. In a closed economy, how does an increase in government spending affect investment in the medium run? (Refer to Chapter 7 if you need a refresher.)
g. Comment on the following statement. ‘In a closed economy, government spending crowds out investment. In an open economy with fixed exchange rates, government spending crowds out net exports.’
AS-AD diagram shows the equilibrium between aggregate demand and aggregate supply.
Short run: AD curve shifts right, output and price level increase, Medium run: AS curve shifts left, output returns to natural level, but price level is higher.
Consumption is not directly affected by the increase in government spending in the medium run.
Real exchange rate depreciates in the medium run, improving net exports.
Domestic nominal interest rate is equal to the foreign nominal interest rate; real interest rate and investment depend on other factors.
In a closed economy, government spending can crowd out investment in the medium run.
In an open economy with fixed exchange rates, government spending can crowd out net exports.
a. In the AS-AD diagram, the AD curve represents the aggregate demand and the AS curve represents the aggregate supply. The point of intersection between the two curves represents the medium-run equilibrium with a constant price level and output equal to the natural level of output.
b. An increase in government spending would shift the AD curve to the right in the short run, leading to an increase in both output and the price level. In the medium run, as prices adjust, the AS curve would shift to the left, bringing the economy back to the natural level of output but at a higher price level.
c. In the medium run, consumption is not directly affected by the increase in government spending. It is determined by factors such as income, wealth, and consumer sentiment.
d. In the medium run, an increase in the price level (resulting from the increase in government spending) would lead to a depreciation of the real exchange rate. This depreciation would improve net exports by making domestic goods relatively cheaper for foreign buyers.
e. Given the fixed exchange rate, the domestic nominal interest rate would be equal to the foreign nominal interest rate. The increase in government spending does not directly affect the domestic nominal interest rate, but it may indirectly impact the real interest rate through its effect on inflation expectations. Investment in the medium run would depend on factors such as the real interest rate and business expectations.
f. In a closed economy, an increase in government spending can crowd out private investment in the medium run as it competes for limited resources such as capital and labor.
g. The statement that government spending crowds out investment holds true in a closed economy, but in an open economy with fixed exchange rates, government spending can crowd out net exports. The increase in government spending may lead to an appreciation of the real exchange rate, making domestic goods relatively more expensive for foreign buyers and reducing net exports.
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Only final goods and services are included in the calculation of GDP:
a. because only final goods and services have measurable value
b. to make GDP simpler to determine
c. because final goods and services are taxed, while intermediate goods and services are not
d. to avoid double counting of actual national output, or income
e. to ensure that income approach yields a result that exceeds the value, using the expenditures approach
Only final goods and services are included in the calculation of GDP: to avoid double counting of actual national output, or income.
So, the correct answer is D.
Final goods and services are considered the end products and services that are produced for the end user or consumer. On the other hand, intermediate goods and services are goods that are used in the production process of other goods.
Only final goods and services are included in the calculation of GDP so as to avoid double counting of actual national output, or income.For instance, intermediate goods are considered part of a final good.
Hence, the answer of the question is D.
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_____ planning is the creation of long-range, comprehensive objectives and the development of long-term courses of action.
Strategic planning is the development of long-term courses of action and the creation of long-range, comprehensive objectives.
The process of defining an organization’s direction and making decisions on allocating its resources to pursue this direction is known as Strategic planning. It involves developing long-term courses of action to achieve those objectives and setting long-range, comprehensive objectives.
The process of strategic planning typically involves several steps which are,
Defining the organization’s mission and visionConducting a situational analysisSetting strategic objectivesDeveloping strategiesImplementing and monitoringThe benefits of strategic planning are,
Clear directionBetter decision-makingIncreased competitivenessImproved performanceGreater resilienceTo learn more about Strategic planning
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15,
Last year Janet purchased a $1,000 face value corporate bond
with a 10% annual coupon rate and a 10-year maturity. At the time
of the purchase, it had an expected yield to maturity of 8.84%. If
Ja
The face value of bond purchased by Janet is $1000 with a coupon rate of 9% and maturity period of 10 years. The rate of return she would have earned for the past year is 7.97%.
Let the purchase price be P
The Face value of the bond is $1,000Annual coupon rate is 9%Annual Yield to Maturity is 10.35%The number of years to maturity is 10 yearsMarket value or Selling Price of the Bond = $933.93 Coupon rate is 9% annually
Hence the semiannual coupon is = 4.5% = 0.045.The number of semiannual coupon payments remaining is 20. Thus, a total of 20 semiannual coupons will be paid over the next ten years.
Using the formula to calculate the price of a bond, we get
P = {[0.045 * 1000 / (1 + 0.05175)] + [0.045 * 1000 / (1 + 0.05175)2] + ... + [0.045 * 1000 / (1 + 0.05175)20]} + [1000 / (1 + 0.05175)20]
where the 20 is the number of semiannual periods from today to maturity.
Substitute the values in the above formula and calculate the purchase price P, we get P = $883.53
Now, the rate of return on the bond is the total income (interest and capital gain) received over the period divided by the initial investment. The total income received over the year is the interest plus the capital gain or loss. We know that the capital gain or loss is the difference between the selling price and the purchase price.
So, Capital Gain or Loss = Selling Price - Purchase Price= $933.93 - $883.53 = $50.4
The income received from the semiannual coupons is $45 per period, and since 20 semiannual periods will elapse during the life of the bond, the total income from the coupons over the life of the bond is:Total Income from Coupons = 20 * $45 = $900.
Total income received over the year = (1/2 * $45) + (1/2 * $45) + $50.4= $70.4
Rate of Return = Total Income / Initial Investment= $70.4 / $883.53= 0.0797 or 7.97%
Therefore, Janet earned a 7.97% rate of return over the past year.
The complete question must be:
Last year Janet purchased a $1,000 face value corporate bond with a 9% annual coupon rate and a 10-year maturity. At the time of the purchase, it had an expected yield to maturity of 10.35%. If Janet sold the bond today for $933.93, what rate of return would she have earned for the past year? Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to two decimal places.
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csfs and kpis are the two core metrics used within a business to track progress or success. what is the relationship between csfs and kpis?
The relationship between critical success factors (CSFs) and key performance indicators (KPIs) is that CSFs are the vital areas in which an organization must excel in order to achieve its objectives, whereas KPIs are the measures used to track performance in these areas.
CSFs are the areas of an organization's operations that are critical to the success of an organization in achieving its strategic objectives. These factors are specific to the organization and are essential for its competitiveness and survival. They can include things like quality control, customer satisfaction, employee morale, and financial performance. CSFs are broad and strategic in nature, representing the key areas of focus that drive success.
KPIs are quantifiable metrics that are used to track performance in an organization's critical success factors. They are typically more specific and measurable indicators that can be tracked over time to assess the performance of activities and processes within an organization. KPIs can include things like customer satisfaction ratings, sales revenue, employee turnover rate, and production efficiency. The selection of KPIs is based on an organization's CSFs and is intended to provide a clear picture of how well an organization is performing in the areas that are critical to its success.
In essence, CSFs provide the high-level strategic objectives that are crucial for success, while KPIs are the specific metrics that are tracked to determine the progress toward those objectives. KPIs are derived from CSFs and are aligned with the strategic priorities of the organization. They provide a means to measure and assess the performance and effectiveness of the actions and initiatives undertaken to achieve the CSFs.
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Minden Company manufactures a high-quality wooden birdhouse that sells for $20
per unit. Variable costs are $6 per unit, and fixed costs total $180,000. The
company sold 24,000 birdhouses to customers during 2018. The president of
Minden Company believes the following changes should be made in 2019:
1. the selling price of the birdhouse should be reduced by 10%
2. increase advertising by $30,000
Assume these changes are made to complete the following;
1) Calculate the number of units Minden Company must sell in 2019 in order to break-even.
2) Minden Company sells 26,000 units in 2019. Calculate the margin of safety reported by Minden Company in 2019.
3) Calculate the number of units Minden Company must sell in 2019 in order to earn a target profit equal to 25% of sales.
4) Calculate the number of units Minden Company must sell in 2019 in order to earn a net income that is 40% larger than the net income earned in 2018.
Number of units for 40% larger net income Depends on the net income for 2018 and desired increase.
What is the formula to calculate the present value of a future cash flow?To answer your questions:
To calculate the number of units Minden Company must sell in 2019 to break even, we need to determine the total fixed costs and contribution margin per unit.
Total fixed costs = $180,000
Contribution margin per unit = Selling price per unit - Variable costs per unit
= $20 - $6
= $14
Breakeven point (in units) = Total fixed costs / Contribution margin per unit
To calculate the margin of safety reported by Minden Company in 2019, we need to determine the difference between actual sales and the breakeven point.
Margin of Safety = Actual Sales - Breakeven Sales
= 26,000 units - Breakeven Sales
To calculate the number of units Minden Company must sell in 2019 to earn a target profit equal to 25% of sales, we need to consider the target profit and contribution margin.
Target Profit = 25% of Sales
Contribution margin per unit = $14
Target Profit (in dollars) = Target Profit Percentage * Sales
= 0.25 * Sales
Number of units to sell for target profit = Target Profit (in dollars) / Contribution margin per unit
To calculate the number of units Minden Company must sell in 2019 to earn a net income that is 40% larger than the net income earned in 2018, we need to consider the net income for 2018 and the desired increase.
Net Income in 2018 (given) = X
Desired Net Income in 2019 = Net Income in 2018 + 40% of Net Income in 2018
Number of units to sell for desired net income = (Desired Net Income - Fixed Costs) / Contribution margin per unit
Note: To provide specific numerical answers, we would need the net income for 2018 (X) and any other relevant information provided in the question.
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Write a 250 word SUMMARY about both of the following below:
.
Networking Capability and New Product
Development
Networking capability is the ability to form networks or connections, often with the aim of achieving a particular goal or outcome.
This capability is significant for new product development since it provides an avenue for collaboration between different entities involved in the product development process. The networking capability of a firm is therefore crucial to its success in new product development.
The success of new product development is dependent on the ability of firms to form networks and establish relationships with other firms or organizations in the industry. Collaboration and networking can provide firms with access to new ideas, technology, and markets, as well as the ability to share risks and costs associated with product development.
According to research, firms that have a high networking capability tend to be more successful in new product development than those with low networking capabilities. This is because networking provides firms with access to a diverse range of resources and expertise, which can help to improve the quality of the products being developed.
In conclusion, networking capability is essential for new product development.
Firms that invest in building strong networks and relationships with other entities in the industry are more likely to be successful in product development. Such entities can provide firms with access to new ideas, technology, and markets, which can help to improve the quality of the products being developed and increase the chances of success.
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In the Vendor Center, which icon or button produces a drop-down list from which you can opt to include inactive vendors in your vendor list? A The magnifying glass icon in the upper toolbar. B The + New button on the left navigation bar. C New Vendor. D The wheel (gear) icon above the Action column.
The wheel (gear) icon above the Action column produces a drop-down list from which you can choose to include inactive vendors in your vendor list in the Vendor Center.
In QuickBooks Desktop, Vendor Center is a one-stop shop for managing vendors. It is possible to use the Vendor Center to locate and modify supplier records, as well as to input new supplier information. The center also provides easy access to all vendor-related transactions, such as purchase orders, bills, and payments. One can customize the view by sorting, filtering, and grouping the vendors.
The "Gear" button or the "Action" button is a QuickBooks function that permits you to handle a variety of account-related activities. It's typically a wheel or gear-shaped symbol. In Vendor Center, the gear button appears above the Action column. By selecting the gear button, you may access the dropdown list and opt to include inactive vendors in your vendor list.
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Create an IS-LM Model to support the use of an excise tax on all goods and services entering Australia from all trading partners
IS-LM model is a macroeconomic tool that explains the interaction between interest rates and output in the economy.
It is an essential framework to analyze the impact of macroeconomic policies on the economy. An excise tax is a tax levied on goods and services' production or consumption. It can be used to raise government revenue or discourage consumption of specific goods and services.
The implementation of an excise tax on all goods and services entering Australia from all trading partners will have a direct impact on the economy. The IS-LM model can be used to understand this impact. The model shows that the equilibrium level of output in the economy is determined by the intersection of the IS and LM curves.
The implementation of an excise tax on all goods and services entering Australia from all trading partners will cause a shift in the IS curve to the left.
This is because the tax will reduce the demand for goods and services in the economy, leading to a decrease in output. The reduction in output will lead to a reduction in interest rates in the economy. As a result, the LM curve will shift to the right.
The overall effect of the excise tax on the economy will depend on the magnitude of the shift in the IS and LM curves. If the shift in the IS curve is greater than the shift in the LM curve, the implementation of the tax will lead to a decrease in output and an increase in interest rates.
However, if the shift in the LM curve is greater than the shift in the IS curve, the implementation of the tax will lead to a decrease in interest rates and a smaller decrease in output.
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Taxpayer, who is 71 years old. purchased an annuity that immediately begins to pay her $2,100 per month for the rest of her life by paying a premium of $250,614. Determine the amount of the first monthly annuity payment that Taxpayer must include in gross income. $1,831 $1,365 $269 $735 $0 $2,100 Taxpayer's items of economic income follow. Determine gross income. ECONOMIC INCOME: Cash compensation from employer 83,000 Health insurance premiums paid by employer 6,300 Gambling winnings 3,200 Increase in value of stock portfolio, no sales 7,000 Interest on bank deposits 350 Interest on municipal bond 1,250 Inheritance 30,000 Value of free coffee provided by employer at work 110
The amount of the gross income is $131,210.
The insurance company informs the annuitant of the amounts each year, and the annuitant uses these amounts to determine the taxable and nontaxable portions of the annuity payments.
Taxpayer's gross income is $131,210. Taxpayer's economic income is as follows:
Cash compensation from employer $83,000
Health insurance premiums paid by employer $6,300
Gambling winnings $3,200
Increase in value of stock portfolio, no sales $7,000
Interest on bank deposits $350
Interest on municipal bond $1,250
Inheritance $30,000
Value of free coffee provided by employer at work $110
Adding all the above together:
Gross income = $83,000 + $6,300 + $3,200 + $7,000 + $350 + $1,250 + $30,000 + $110 = $131,210.
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[The following information applies to the questions displayed below.]
Turner, Roth, and Lowe are partners who share income and loss in a 2:3:5 ratio (in percents: Turner, 20%; Roth, 30%; and Lowe, 50%). The partners decide to liquidate the partnership. Immediately before liquidation, the partnership balance sheet shows total assets, $164,400; total liabilities, $110,000; Turner, Capital, $5,700; Roth, Capital, $15,600; and Lowe, Capital, $33,100. The liquidation resulted in a loss of $98,400.
Assume that the Turner, Roth, and Lowe partnership is a limited partnership. Turner and Roth are general partners. Lowe is a limited partner, meaning any remaining deficiency in Lowe’s capital account is covered by Turner and Roth. Determine how much, if any, each partner should contribute to the partnership to cover any remaining capital deficiency. (Do not round intermediate calculations. Losses and deficits amounts to be deducted should be entered with a minus sign.)
As per the given information, the loss that occurred due to the liquidation of the partnership is $98,400. The partnership balance sheet immediately before the liquidation of the partnership is given below:
Partnership Balance Sheet Total assets $164,400 Total liabilities $110,000 Turner, Capital $5,700 Roth, Capital $15,600 Lowe, Capital $33,100 Total $154,400Here, the total assets = $164,400 and the total liabilities = $110,000.
Thus, the total capital of all the partners of the partnership before liquidation = Total assets - Total liabilities= $164,400 - $110,000= $54,400Now, the total deficiency in capital = Loss due to liquidation - Total capital of all partners before liquidation= $98,400 - $54,400= $44,000As per the partnership agreement,
The partners share income and loss in the ratio of 2:3:5, which means Turner's ratio = 2/10, Roth's ratio = 3/10, and Lowe's ratio = 5/10.Turner's contribution to cover the remaining deficiency = Turner's ratio × Total deficiency in capital= 2/10 × $44,000= $8,800Roth's contribution to cover the remaining deficiency = Roth's ratio × Total deficiency in capital= 3/10 × $44,000= $13,200
Therefore the , Turner will contribute $8,800, and Roth will contribute $13,200 to cover any remaining capital deficiency.
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The Ronnie Co has sales per share of $25.82. If the PS ratio is 1.91 times, what is the stock price? a. $4304 b. $13.01
c. 54932
d. $13.55
e. $52.47
The stock price for Ronnie Co, based on the given PS ratio and sales per share, is $49.32.
c. $ 49.32
How to find the stock priceTo calculate the stock price based on the given PS (Price-to-Sales) ratio and sales per share, you can use the formula:
Stock Price = PS Ratio * Sales per Share
In this case, the PS ratio is 1.91 times, and the sales per share is $25.82. Plugging these values into the formula, we have:
Stock Price = 1.91 * $25.82
Stock Price = $49.32
Therefore, the stock price for Ronnie Co, based on the given PS ratio and sales per share, is $49.36.
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Which of the following represents the foreign demand for domestic goods? 01) C+I+G- €Q 2) Z-C-1-G+ €Q 3) none of the answers are correct 4) C+I+G+X 5) C+I+G+X - €Q 6) Z-C-I-G-EQ
The correct answer is option 4) C+I+G+X. Foreign demand for domestic goods can be represented by the variable (X).
What is meant by C+I+G+X?C+I+G+X is the formula for calculating gross domestic product (GDP).C represents the sum of all consumption spending in an economy.I represents the sum of all investment spending.G represents the sum of all government spending.X represents the net export of goods and services.However, the net export of goods and services (X) can be negative (import is more than export), which leads to a trade deficit.A trade surplus (export is more than import) would result in a positive net export of goods and services.
What is meant by €Q?
€Q represents net taxes and is part of the GDP calculation formula. Net taxes refer to taxes that are imposed on individuals and companies, such as income tax, payroll tax, and property tax, among others.
Therefore, the correct answer option that represents foreign demand for domestic goods is C+I+G+X.
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If a buyer purchased a house in Georgia for $168,500 and took out an 80% loan at 7.5% interest per annum and the purchase closed on March 15th, what is the total dollar amount, if any, of the prepaid
The total dollar amount of the prepaid interest is $532.92.
To calculate the total dollar amount of the prepaid interest, we need to consider the loan amount, the interest rate, and the number of days between the closing date and the end of the month.
Given:
Purchase price of the house: $168,500
Loan amount (80% of the purchase price): $168,500 * 0.8 = $134,800
Interest rate: 7.5% per annum
Closing date: March 15th
First, we need to calculate the daily interest rate:
Daily interest rate = Annual interest rate / 365 days
Daily interest rate = 7.5% / 365 = 0.0205%
Next, we need to determine the number of days from March 15th to the end of the month. Assuming it is not a leap year, March has 31 days, so the number of days is 31 - 15 = 16.
Now we can calculate the prepaid interest:
Prepaid interest = Loan amount * Daily interest rate * Number of days
Prepaid interest = $134,800 * 0.000205 * 16
Prepaid interest ≈ $532.92
Therefore, the total dollar amount of the prepaid interest is approximately $532.92.
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Which of the following best reflects a country's ability to obtain funds from abroad necessary to meet its public- and private-sector obligations to nonresidents? Multiple Choice 1. Fiscal assessment 2. External assessment 3. Monetary assessment
The following option best reflects a country's ability to obtain funds from abroad necessary to meet its public- and private-sector obligations to nonresidents: External assessment.
The external assessment reflects a country's ability to obtain funds from abroad necessary to meet its public- and private-sector obligations to nonresidents. It assesses the capability of a country to service its foreign financial obligations, including its debt and foreign direct investment. The external assessment's goal is to evaluate a country's risk of sovereign default. Furthermore, the amount of funds that can be raised externally is determined by the degree of a country's vulnerability to balance of payments difficulties. A country with a low degree of vulnerability is more likely to obtain foreign funding than one with a high degree of vulnerability. The ability to borrow from external sources is critical for countries with limited access to funds. It allows countries to make necessary investments, import goods and services, and improve their economic condition.
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Accountable health plans are a value-based model in which:
a- the value of the plan to companies is the low cost to cover employees for a wide range of services (medical, dental, mental health)
b- organizations are reimbursed based on quality metrics and reductions in cost of care data.
c- consumers pay a low price for the cost of their care
d- All of these are correct.
Accountable health plans are a value-based model in which the value of the plan to companies is the low cost, organizations are reimbursed based on quality metrics and reductions in cost of care data and consumers pay a low price for the cost of their care
Option (d) is correct.
Accountable health plans are a value-based model that incorporates all the options mentioned. These plans focus on delivering high-quality care while controlling costs. They provide value to companies by offering low-cost coverage for a wide range of services, reimburse organizations based on quality metrics and cost reductions, and aim to ensure that consumers pay a low price for their healthcare expenses.
Therefore, all of the options mentioned are correct in describing accountable health plans.
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