Using Newton’s 2nd Law (F = ma) complete the following table for different types of cars.

Question 7

Lower air pressure (c) does not speed up the rate of a chemical reaction.

Question 8

The symbol represents equilibrium (a).

Answer:

Hi goodmorning

To answer these questions, you can use the ideal gas law, which relates the pressure, volume, temperature, and number of moles of a gas. The ideal gas law is given by the following equation:

PV = nRT

Where P is the pressure of the gas, V is the volume of the gas, n is the number of moles of the gas, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is the temperature of the gas.

If pressure and temperature remain constant, then the volume of the gas will change inversely with the number of moles of the gas. This means that if the number of moles of the gas increases, the volume of the gas will decrease, and if the number of moles of the gas decreases, the volume of the gas will increase.

For example, in part (a), the number of moles of argon gas in the container increases by 1.80 mol, so the volume of the gas will decrease. The new volume of the gas can be calculated as follows:

V = (nRT)/P

= (1.80 mol * 8.31 J/mol*K * 300 K)/(1 atm)

= 4452 J

= 4.452 L

The total volume of the gas is then 10.00 L + 4.452 L = 14.452 L.

In part (b), the number of moles of argon gas in the container increases by a certain amount, which you can calculate using the molar mass of argon. The molar mass of argon is 39.948 g/mol, so the number of moles of argon in 25.0 g of argon is 25.0 g / 39.948 g/mol = 0.625 mol. The new volume of the gas can be calculated as follows:

V = (nRT)/P

= (0.625 mol * 8.31 J/mol*K * 300 K)/(1 atm)

= 1478.125 J

= 1.478 L

The total volume of the gas is then 10.00 L + 1.478 L = 11.478 L.

In part (c), the number of moles of argon gas in the container decreases by half, so the volume of the gas will increase. The new volume of the gas can be calculated as follows:

V = (nRT)/P

= (0.9 mol * 8.31 J/mol*K * 300 K)/(1 atm)

= 2463.9 J

= 2.464 L

The total volume of the gas is then 10.00 L + 2.464 L = 12.464 L.

In part (d), the number of moles of CO2 gas in the balloon increases by 0.50 mol, so the volume of the gas will decrease. The molar mass of CO2 is 44.01 g/mol, so the number of moles of CO2 in 4.80 g of CO2 is 4.80 g / 44.01 g/mol = 0.109 mol. The new volume of the balloon can be calculated as follows:

V = (nRT)/P

= (0.109 mol + 0.50 mol) * 8.31 J/mol*K * 300 K)/(1 atm)

= 806.36 J

= 0.806 L

P-S bond is the least polar.

Polarity is defined as the separation of charge between two atoms participating in a bond, giving rise to a dipole moment and thus a difference in electronegativity(tendency to pull electrons towards itself).

Different atoms have different values of electronegativity

The electronegativity values of the given elements are:

C= 2.55

F=3.98

Na=0.93

Cl=3.16

Si=1.9

P=2.19

S=2.58

Electronegativity difference between:

A) C,F = 3.98-2.55 =1.43

B) Na,Cl = 3.16-0.93=2.23

C) Si,Cl = 3.16-1.9=1.26

D) P,S= 2.58-2.19=0.39

E) Na,S= 2.58-0.93= 1.65

The electronegativity difference between P and S is the least, so P-S bond will be least polar.

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After the reaction the molecules of hydrogen and nitrogen are not left, only ammonia is 4 left.

What is molecules?

Even the smallest particle of a substance contains all of its physical and chemical properties. One or more atoms build up molecules.

What is reaction?

During a chemical reaction, one or more chemicals, sometimes referred to as "reactants," are transformed into one or more new compounds, sometimes referred to as "products." Both chemical components and elements are substances.

nitrogen gas = N2(g) --> 2 molecules 2N2(g)

hydrogen gas = H(g) --> 6 molecules 6H2(g)

ratio is;

N2 + 3H2 = 2NH3

assume 100% reaction so

2 molecules of N2 react to form 2*2 = 4 molecules of NH3

6 molecules of H2 react to form  = the same 4 molecules of NH3

so

molecules of H2 left = 6-6 = 0 left

molecules of N2 left = 2-2 = 0 left

molecules of NH3 formed = 0 + 4 = 4 molecules of NH3 left.

Therefore, after the reaction the molecules of hydrogen and nitrogen are not left, only ammonia is 4 left.

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Answer:

Yes

Explanation:

A mole of a substance is equal to as many molecules of that substance as there are atoms of carbon-12 in exactly 12 g of carbon-12. This means that 1 mole of any substance is a weight, in grams, equal to that substance's molecular weight expressed in atomic mass units.

Avogadro's constant is used to calculate the number of molecules present in any given mass of the compound, in which 1 mole of the molecule is equal to 6.023×10

23

of numbers of molecules.

However, this is predicated on the idea that the atmospheric carbon 14 content has remained constant.The answer, which is possibly 3 x 5568, is 16,704 years.

Three half life have elapsed when a reduction is made to one eighth of existing levels (1/2 3 = 1/8).

To accommodate for fluctuations in carbon 14 concentration levels, a modification should be made.

The correction can be calculated using the graph below.

The answer, which is possibly 3 x 5568, is 16,704 years.

However, the half life of carbon 14 is actually 5730 +/- 40 years, not 5,568.

3 * 5730 = 17,190 years.

However, this is predicated on the idea that the atmospheric carbon 14 content has remained constant.

Not at all.

A adjustment should be used to account for variations in carbon 14 concentration levels.The graph below can be used to determine the adjustment.

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Option (A) Computer Simulation Model.

What is computer simulation models?

A computer simulation model is a computer programme or algorithm that simulates changes in a modelled system in response to input signals.

What are examples of simulation models?

Weather forecasting, flight simulators used for pilot training, and car crash modelling are all examples of computer simulation modelling that most of us are familiar with.

What is simulation and its types?

A simulation is a computer-generated representation of the behaviour of a real-world process or system over time. Models are required for simulations; the model represents the key characteristics or behaviours of the selected system or process, while the simulation represents the model's evolution over time.

Hence Option (A) is a correct answer.

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The Nernst Equation Cell Potential and Concentration. Keep in mind that free energy actually changes. realizing the actual cell potential and non-standard concentrations. The steps for calculating cell potentials under unusual circumstances. For the given reaction, set up the reaction quotient. the Nernst Equation by substituting the additional information.

What is the actual cell potential, e cell, for the cell?

A concentration cell is an electrochemical device of this sort, where the only difference between the anode and cathode compartments is the concentration of a reactant. Both Ecell and the differential in Ag+ concentration between the two compartments will get smaller as the reaction goes on. The potential difference between two half cells in an electrochemical cell is measured by the cell potential, or Ecell.

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Simply adding the covalent radii of S and F results in a distance between them of 60 pm.

Covalent radii is defined as 1/2 the distance between the nuclei of two atoms of the same element that are covalently bound to one another in a molecule. The covalent radius is less than the van der Waals radius due to the overlap between the two electron clouds.

The distance between the centers of two covalently bound atoms is known as the bond length. The covalent radius of S is given by the S-S distance to be double what it is for F.

The S-F distance should therefore, to some extent, be equal to the sum of the covalent radii of S and F, which is 60 pm.

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Answer:

Below

Explanation:

Sunlight is more direct.   The angle of incidence is near 90 degrees most of the year.

Conjugate acids are formed from  base by accepting a proton from an acid. The conjugate acid of the base (CH₃)₂NH is  (CH₃)₂NH₂⁺.

According to Bronsted- Lowry concept, an acid is a substance, which donate a proton whereas bases are proton acceptors. In an acid base reaction, acids donate their proton to form their negative ion called conjugate bases.

When bases accepts protons they form their positive ions called conjugate acid of the base. The conjugate acid and conjugate base of the acid - base reaction together is called the conjugate pair.

Dimethylamine (CH₃)₂NH is a Bronsted - Lowry base since it accepts one proton to form its conjugate acid (CH₃)₂NH₂⁺. The positive charge is acquired because of the positive charge of the extra proton.

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Condensation polymerization(B) :  A reaction in which two or more molecules joined to form a larger molecule, with the simultaneous loss of a small molecule such as water or methanol.

Classification of Polymers are based on the Source of Availability. There are three types of classification under this category, Natural, Synthetic, and Semi-synthetic Polymers.

Monomeric compounds, a molecule of any class of compounds, mostly organic, that can react with other molecules to form very large molecules, or polymers. The essential feature of a monomer is polyfunctionality, the capacity to form chemical bonds to two other monomer molecules.

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B. False ATP.Particularly, during cellular respiration, glucose-stored energy is converted to ATP.

Cells use cellular respiration to draw energy from the bonds in food molecules like glucose and other compounds.The energy that is extracted can be stored by cells as ATP (adenosine triphosphate)

The primary fuel source for our cells is glucose.The liver and muscles are where the body stores glucose when it is not needed for energy.This form of glucose that is stored in the body is known as glycogen and is composed of several linked glucose molecules.

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Drift nets are a problem because when they are lost in the sea, they may continue to kill many animals.

This is referred to as a fishing technique where nets, called drift nets, hang vertically in the water column and are arranged to drift with the tide or current  without being anchored to the bottom.

In a situation whereby they are lost or left,  they may continue to kill many animals in what is referred to as ghost fishing which may lead to overexploitation and a disruption in the ecosystem thereby making it the correct choice.

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Answer:

19K and 19 K

Explanation:

The term "isotope" refers to an atom of the same element with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons. So, despite having the same atomic number (Z), isotopes have differing mass numbers (A). In other words, elements with differing atomic numbers (protons) are not isotopes.

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Answer:

Answers:

Explanation:

1. Sulfur oxide

2. Calcium cyanamide

3. aluminum sulfide (I think on that one)

Good luck

Answer: Dishwashing liquid

Explanation: Dishwashing soap is the best emulsifier and its very affordable as well.

The best emulsifier among the following is dishwashing liquid. The correct option is b.

What is an emulsifier?

An emulsifier is a substance that contains a molecule that prefers to be in oily circumstances at one end and in a water environment at the other. Mayonnaise, for example, is an emulsifier found in egg yolks.

The majority of emulsifiers used to come from both natural and synthetic sources. Emulsifiers generally reduce lipid surface tension by aiding in the digestion of lipid molecules.

As emulsifiers, various materials could be added to the vinaigrette. They are included to help a quick and uncomplicated preparation. A nice vinaigrette recipe with better emulsifying ingredients can include: olive oil (1 part), 2 parts seasoned rice vinegar, Dijon mustard, and honey.

Therefore, the correct option is b. dishwashing liquid.

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The burning of fossil fuels contributes to acid rain (option C).

Acid rain is rain which is unusually acidic (pH of less than the natural range of 5 to 6) caused mainly by atmospheric pollution with sulphur dioxide and nitrogen compounds.

Fossil fuels are fuel derived from hydrocarbon deposits such as coal, petroleum, natural gas and, to some extent, peat.

These fuels are non-renewable, and their burning generates the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide.

Therefore, burning of fossil fuels lead to the formation of acid rain.

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The volume of ammonia produced at STP will be 98.56 L

Standard temperature and pressure are a standard set of experimental measurement conditions that must be established to allow comparison between different data sets. At STP, 1 mole of any gas (6.023 × 10²³ representative particles) occupies a volume of 22.4 L.

N₂ + 3H₂ ⇄ 2NH₃

The mole ratio of N₂ and NH₃ is 1:2. So the moles of NH₃ will be:

Moles of NH₃ = 2 × 2.2

= 4.4 moles

At STP, 1 mole occupy 22.4 L of volume.

Volume occupied by 4.4 moles of NH₃:

= 4.4 × 22.4

= 98.56 L

Thus, the volume of ammonia formed will be 98.56 L

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The process that produces a bromohydrin is an addition reaction between Br and OH across an alkene. (Bromo = bromine; Hydrin = hydro; Water = H2O).

any of a number of organic molecules that resemble chlorohydrins but use bromine instead of chlorine.the direct, catalyst-free synthesis of vicinal bromohydrins and alkoxy bromides from olefins

The addition of the hydrogen-boron link to either a carbon-to-carbon or carbon-to-nitrogen double bond is known as hydroboration. It can also be carried out on a triple bond made of carbon atoms. Quite helpful in the synthesis of several organic compounds is hydroboration.

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A scientist determined  the bones from a mastodon , The bones were 9377 years old when they were first found.

Find the decay constant (λ) first by using

λ= 0.693÷t₁/₂

λ=0.693÷5750

λ= 1.205×10⁻⁴

Now,

N=N₀e⁻λt

Where, originally,  N₀= Mass of radioactive element

N= mass of radioactive  element after time t

Apply natural logarithm on both the sides

In N=N₀₋λt

Let  N₀ be 100 then N will be 100-58.8

= 41.1

In (41.1)= In (100)₋(1.205×10⁻⁴t)

In [41.1÷100]= ₋1.205×10⁻⁴t

₋1.136= ₋1.205×10⁻⁴t

t= ₋1.13÷(₋1.205×10⁻⁴)

t= 9377 years

Radioactive : Radioactivity is the term used to describe how an atomic nucleus splits or decays. Radiation is emitted when a radioactive material decays. A few types of decay include spontaneous fission, beta decay, gamma decay, neutron emission, and alpha decay.

Bones: The majority of vertebrate animals contain bones, which are rigid organs and a part of their skeleton. The bones, which also produce red and white blood cells, store minerals, provide the body structure and support, and allow motion, protect the body's other organs.

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The experimentally determined rate law for the destruction of ozone is as follows : Rate = k [O3]. A mechanism must be consistent with the experimentally determined rate law. However, this does not prove that a mechanism is correct.

A rate law shows how the rate of a chemical reaction depends on reactant concentration. For a reaction such as aA → products, the rate law generally has the form rate = k[A]ⁿ, where k is a proportionality constant called the rate constant and n is the order of the reaction with respect to A.The rate law that is consistent with the mechanism is rate = k[NO]2[O2].

Photochemical process is related to ozone formation as it is through this process radicals react with volatile organic compounds ( VOC ) and nitrogen oxides ( NOx) to form ozone.A reaction intermediate is a chemical species that is formed in one elementary step and consumed in a subsequent step. The slowest step in a reaction mechanism is known as the rate-determining step. The rate-determining step limits the overall rate and therefore determines the rate law for the overall reaction.

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If one of two interacting charges is increased 3 times, the force between the charges will increase by 3 times and is therefore denoted as option B.

This is referred to as a physical property of matter that causes charged matter to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field and it can either be positive or negative depending on various factors and conditions.

The electrostatic force has a directly relationship with the product of the charges and is inversely related to the square of the distance between them.

This therefore means that increasing one of the charges by 3 times would also lead to a corresponding increase of the force in the same magnitude which is therefore the reason why it was chosen as the correct choice.

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The correct answer is: 109.5°, 120°, 109.5°. In the Lewis structure of acetic acid, the central carbon atom is bonded to two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom, and the oxygen atom is bonded to two hydrogen atoms.

The bond angles around the central carbon atom and oxygen atom should be approximately 109.5°, as these atoms are surrounded by four electron pairs in a tetrahedral arrangement. The bond angle around the central carbon atom will be slightly less than 109.5° due to the presence of the double bond to the oxygen atom, which introduces some degree of angle strain. The bond angle around the oxygen atom will also be slightly less than 109.5° due to the presence of the two hydrogen atoms, which are slightly larger than the electrons and will push the bond angles outward.

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There are 2.61 × [tex]10^{23}[/tex] for ammonium carbonate and 7.83 × [tex]10^{23}[/tex] O atoms in the sample.

What is molar mass?

The term "molar mass" refers to the mass in grams of one mole of a substance. The molar mass of each element is distinct. For instance, magnesium has a molar mass of 24.3050 g/mol and carbon has a molar mass of 12.011 g/mol. To understand why these elements have various molar masses.

Given:

1)The formula of Ammonium carbonate is (N[tex]H_{4}[/tex][tex])_{2}[/tex]C[tex]O_{3}[/tex].

So, Molar mass = (2 x 14.01 g/mol N) + (8 x 1.008 g/mol H + (12.01 g/mol C) + (3 x 16.00 g/mol O)

= 96.09 g/mol

41.6 g (N[tex]H_{4}[/tex][tex])_{2}[/tex]C[tex]O_{3}[/tex] x 2.61 x [tex]10^{23}[/tex] formula units (N[tex]H_{4}[/tex][tex])_{2}[/tex]C[tex]O_{3}[/tex]

=2.61 × [tex]10^{23}[/tex].

2)61x[tex]10^{23}[/tex] formula units (N[tex]H_{4}[/tex][tex])_{2}[/tex]C[tex]O_{3}[/tex] x1 formula unit of (N[tex]H_{4}[/tex][tex])_{2}[/tex]C[tex]O_{3}[/tex]

= 7.83 x [tex]10^{23}[/tex]O atom.

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The correct description of each microscope is as follows:

Microscope is an optical instrument used for observing relatively small objects.

Compound microscopes are light illuminated. The image seen with this type of microscope is two dimensional (2D). The compound microscope is the most commonly used as it can view individual cells, even living ones. It has high magnification. However, it has a low resolution.

Scanning electron microscope make use electron illumination. The image is seen in 3-D. It has high magnification and high resolution. The specimen is coated in gold and the electrons bounce off to give you and exterior view of the specimen.

Transmission electron microscope is also electron illuminated and gives a 2-D view. Thin slices of specimen are obtained. The electron beams pass through this. It has high magnification and high resolution.

A scanning tunneling microscope is a type of microscope used for imaging surfaces at the atomic level.

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The density of air at exactly 35°C and 1.00 atm (assuming that air is 80.0 percent N2 and 20.0 percent O2 is 1.1 g/L.

Density is described as the substance's mass per unit of volume.

Density of a gas d is given as  = PM/ RT

where d ⟶ Density of the gas

P ⟶ Pressure of the gas

M⟶ Molar Mass of the gas

R⟶ Universal Gas Constant

T⟶ Absolute temperature

we have that the pressure of air is P=1.00 atm, and the temperature is T=35∘C=308K.  The molar mass of air can be assumed to be the weighted average of its components.

The air is 80% nitrogen and 20% oxygen, so 1 mole of air will contain 0.80 moles of nitrogen and 0.20 moles of oxygen. So, the molar mass of air will be:

Molar Mass of air= 0.80 MN2 + 0.20MO2 = 0.80 (28.00g/mol) + 0.20 (32.00g/mol) = 28.8 g/mol

Substituting the values into the equation of d = PM/ RT, we have

density = 1.1g/L

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Anode half reaction:2H2O ⇒4H⁺+4e⁻ +O₂

Cathode half reaction:Cu²⁺+2e⁻⇒Cu × 2

Overall cell reaction :2CuSO4+2H2O⇒2Cu +H2SO4+O2.

What is cell reaction?

Cell reaction is a term used to describe the process by which cells sense and respond to changes in the environment. It involves a complex series of chemical and physical events, often mediated by signaling molecules, which ultimately result in a response. This response can be a change in metabolic activity, gene expression, cell morphology, or even cell death. Cell reactions can be triggered by a variety of stimuli including physical signals such as temperature, light, and mechanical forces, as well as chemical signals such as hormones, growth factors, and neurotransmitters. Understanding how cells respond to different stimuli has important implications for cell biology, disease diagnosis, and the development of therapies.

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The pressure of the interstellar gas is 2.7*[tex]10^{-12}[/tex] atm by using ideal gas equation.

This is much smaller than the minimum value for the best vacuum.

Ideal gas equation,

PV = nRT----------(1)

Given,

V = [tex]10^{-6}[/tex] m3

n = 1/NA ; NA = avegadro number = 6.022*[tex]10^{24}[/tex]

n = 1.66*[tex]10^{-24}[/tex]

R = 8.314 J/K/mole

T = 20K

putting in (1), we get

P = 1.66*[tex]10^{-24}[/tex]*8.314*20 /[tex]10^{-6}[/tex]

P = 2.76*[tex]10^{-6}[/tex] pascal                                         [1 atm = 101325 Pa]

P = 2.76*[tex]10^{-6}[/tex]/101325 atm

P = 2.7*[tex]10^{-12}[/tex] atm

hence, the correct option is B.

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