Use your knowledge of modern atomic theory and bonding to explain each of the following experimental observations. (Your explanations should be specific.) Refer to both substances when comparing. Within a family such as the alkaline earth metals, the ionic radius increases as the atomic number increases. The radius of the bromine atom is smaller than the radius of the bromide ion, Br-1. The first ionization energy of aluminum is lower than the first ionization energy of magnesium.

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

(1) In the modern day periodic table the atomic size is increasing when we  move down the group and it decreases when we move along the period from left to right. that's why Within a family such as the alkaline earth metals, the ionic radius increases as the atomic number increases. Alkaline earth metals have loosely held electrons which results in its increased size.

(2) The radius of the bromine atom is smaller than the radius of the bromide ion, Br-1 this happens because bromine is a non metal, and it also has a high electronegativity among other group elements as halogen group has high electronegativity. when the bromine acquires one extra electron and forms [tex]Br^-[/tex] ion, the configuration of bromine earlier was [tex]1s^22s^22p^63s^23p^64s^23d104p^5[/tex]  but on addition of the electron the p shell will now have 6 electrons resulting in [tex]1s^22s^22p^63s^23p^64s^23d104p^6[/tex]the newly added electron repels the former neutral orientation and as a result of repulsion the size increases.

(3) The first ionization energy of Aluminum is lower than that of the first ionization energy of magnesium   because magnesium has fully filled [tex]3s^2[/tex] orbital whereas Aluminum has one electron in the 3p orbitals, fully filled 3s orbitals has strongly held by the nucleus in case of Mg whereas 3p orbitals is shielded from the nucleus therefore it becomes easy to take out 3p electron that 3s electron.  


Related Questions

Catalysts, including enzymes, have the role of Select one: a. changing a nonspontaneous chemical reaction to spontaneous. b. lowering the activation energy of a reaction. c. heating up the reactants to make the reaction progress faster. d. changing the pH to a favorable pH for the reaction to progress.

Answers

Answer:

Lowering activation energy of a reaction.

Explanation:

Activation energy is the minimum amount of energy required by the reactants just to be converted to products.

Since catalysts increase the rate of reaction, activation complex is reached in short period of time hence activation energy is lowered.

What is a control group?

Answers

Answer:

A control group is someone who takes control over something so a tyrant or a dictator.

Explanation:

If this isnt what your looking for let me know, there wasnt alot of context.

Answer: a group that helps you control something

Explanation: like a surport group but for addictions maybe

Using the electronegativity chart below, determine which compound would have the highest polarization

A. Li-O
B. B-F
C. H-CI
D. Be-Br

Answers

Answer:

A. Li-O

Explanation:

The highest polarization will occur between the atoms of  Li-O because they have the most electronegativity difference between them.

Polarization occurs when there is a separation of charge between the atoms of heteronuclear molecules.

The electronegativity gives the tendency for an atom to attract the electrons within the bond pair to itself.

To know the atom with most polarization, it has to be one with highest electronegativity difference. Li and O have the highest difference. Also, since the bond is between a metal and non-metal, it is obviously the most polarized.

A student is asked to determine the chemical formula for the compound Barium
chloride. When writing the chemical formula, what question will the student need to
ask to determine the correct formula?
What period does barium belong to?
Are barium and chlorine a metal and nonmetal?
What is the state of matter of each element that comprises the final formula?
What are the charges of each atom?

Answers

Answer:

Are barium and chlorine a metal and nonmetal?

Explanation:

I had the same question, and my class reviewed the test and this was the answer to this question.

most abundant noble gas in the air

Answers

Answer:

Argon

Explanation:

I'm pretty sure it's argon.

can someone help me??
Which action is a result of gravity in relation to moving tectonic plates?


Earth's internal heating


circulating material in the mantle


ridge push and slab pull


Earth's magnetic field reverses

Answers

Answer:

I do K12 and c is correct!

Answer: B. ridge push and slab pull

Explanation: Took the test.

in an experiment 3.5g of element A reacted with 4.0g of element G to form a compound Calculate the empirical formula for this compound

Answers

Additional information

Relative atomic mass(Ar) : A=7, G=16

The empirical formula : A₂G

Further explanation

Given

3.5g of element A

4.0g of element G

Required

the empirical formula for this compound

Solution

The empirical formula is the smallest comparison of atoms of compound forming elements.

The empirical formula also shows the simplest mole ratio of the constituent elements of the compound

mol of element A :

[tex]\tt mol=\dfrac{mass}{Ar}\\\\mol=\dfrac{3.5}{7}=0.5[/tex]

mol of element G :

[tex]\tt mol=\dfrac{4}{16}=0.25[/tex]

mol ratio A : G = 0.5 : 0.25 = 2 : 1

SOMEONE HELP ME PLEASE I’LL GIVE BRAINLY

Chemical change
physical change

Answers

Answer:

Chemical

Explanation:

Cylinder A and Cylinder B are sealed, rigid cylinders with movable pistons. Each cylinder contains 500. milliliters of a gas sample at 101.3 kPa and 298 K. Cylinder A contains H2 and cylinder B contains N2. Explain, in terms of collisions between gas molecules and the walls of the container, why pushing the movable piston farther into cylinder B at constant temperature would increase the pressure of the N2 gas.

Answers

Answer:

The pressure of N₂ gas in cylinder B when compressed at constant temperature increases due to the increase in the frequency of collision between the gas molecules with themselves and with the wall of their container caused by a decrease in volume of the container.

Explanation:

Gas helps to explain the behavior of gases when one or more of either temperature, volume or pressure is varying while the other variables are kept constant.

In the gas cylinder B, the temperature of the given mass of gas is kept constant, however, the volume is decreased by pushing the movable piston farther into the cylinder. According to the  gas law by Robert Boyle, the volume of a given mass of gas is inversely proportional to its pressure at constant temperature. This increase in pressure is due to the increase in the frequency of collision between the gas molecules with themselves and with the wall of their container caused by a decrease in volume of the container. As the cylinder becomes smaller, the gas molecules which were spread out further become more packed closely together, therefore, their frequency of collision increases building up pressure in the process.

In terms of collisions between gas molecules and the walls of the container, the reason why pushing the movable piston farther into cylinder B at constant temperature would increase the pressure of the N2 gas is due to the fact that;

The movement of the piston farther into the cylinder would lead to an increase in the number of collisions per unit area between the N2(nitrogen) molecules and the internal walls of the cylinder.

The movement described above would lead to creation of greater  pressure because the more the collisions, the higher the pressure.

The image showing the two cylinders are missing and so i have attached it.

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The only nonmetal in Group 14 is
A carbon.
B. oxygen.
C. nitrogen.
D. fluorine.

Answers

Answer:

carbon

Explanation:

i just googled it

Where are chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) found? Why were they banned?

Answers

Answer:

A gaping hole in the ozone layer over Antarctica was discovered in the mid 1980s. The international community agreed the Montreal Protocol in 1987, which banned most of the offending chemicals.

Hope this helps..

The partial symbol for a particular ion is 26M2+ What are the number of electrons contained in one ion

Answers

Answer:

24

Explanation:

26-2=24 because when an atoms loses 2 electrons it gains 2+ charge

describe the density of a golf ball ​

Answers

Answer:

the nominal density of a golf ball is to be approximately 0.65 ounces per cubic inch.

Explanation:

I can be found in the 4th period on the periodic table.

Vanadium (V)


Zirconium (Zr)


Carbon (C)


Beryllium (Be)

Answers

Vanadium (V)

Vanadium is the only one in the 4th period here so

PLEASE HELP PLEASE HELP PLEASE HELP PLEASE HELP PLEASE HELP

DETERMINE THE MASS NUMBER OF EACH OF THE ISOTOPES OF LITHIUM ​​

Answers

Answer:

not sure about it .I also need an answer

Question 12 (100 points)
(03.04 LCO.
Which of the following is a compound? (100 points) A Cl2

B H20

C He

D H2

Answers

Answer:

H20 is a compound so it's the answer

Explanation:

Have a good day

Answer:

d

Explanation:

help meeeeeeeeeeeee its impossibleeeeee

Answers

Answer:

Nice! If only....

Explanation:

Answer:

omg lol what even is this

dicarbon heptasulfide chemical formula

Answers

Answer:

C2S7

Explanation:

To solve this we must be knowing each and every concept related to  chemical formula. Therefore, the chemical formula for the given molecule  dicarbon hepta sulfide is C[tex]_2[/tex]S[tex]_7[/tex].

What is chemical formula?

A chemical formula is a scientific notation that uses atomic symbol and numerical subscripts to represent the number and types of elements contained in a molecule. A chemical formula seems to be a concise written description of an existing three-dimensional molecule.

A chemical formula characterizes a material to the atomic level. There are three sorts of chemical formulas: empirical, molecular, and structural. The chemical formula for the given molecule dicarbon hepta sulfide is C[tex]_2[/tex]S[tex]_7[/tex].

Therefore, the chemical formula for the given molecule  dicarbon hepta sulfide is C[tex]_2[/tex]S[tex]_7[/tex].

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CH(4)+ 20(2)→ CO2+ 2H(2)O

22.
The reaction shown above is an example of a -

a. synthesis reaction
b. combustion reaction
c. decomposition reaction
d. double displacement reaction

Answers

Answer:

Reaction is a Combustion reaction

Each electron can be represented by 4 quantum numbers. The two electrons in the outermost level of strontium are designated at 5 s . How many quantum numbers would these two electrons have in common

Answers

Explanation:

They are both in shell 5 and subshell s.

Since s only has 1 orbital, they also have the same orbital number.

But they have different magnetic spins.

Hence 3 out of 4 quantum numbers are in common.

This is a hard one.... hold on lemme think, ok I got it

How are ocean waves different from sound waves?
a. ocean waves are longitudinal waves, sound waves are transverse waves
b. ocean waves are electromagnetic waves, sound waves are mechanical waves
c. ocean waves are mechanical waves, sound waves are electromagnetic waves
d. ocean waves are transverse waves, sound waves are longitudinal waves

Answers

Answer:

C

Explanation:

Ocean waves are something we can see. We cannot see Sound waves.

Answer:

the correct answer is B

Explanation:

Sound waves are longitudinal waves.

Which of these are an atom's valence electrons?​

Answers

Answer:

The Outer-most Electron shell contains the valence electrons.

Bonus Info:

Valence Electrons are used by atoms to make ionic bonds.

Answer:

Valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost shell, or energy level, of an atom. For example, oxygen has six valence electrons, two in the 2s subshell and four in the 2p subshell. We can write the configuration of oxygen's valence electrons as 2s²2p⁴.

Explanation:

ur welcome

i was doing this in school and i watched a video

Find the mass of 7.00 mol of H2O2?

Answers

Answer:

238g

Explanation:

Molar Mass (1 mol) of H2O2 = 34.0147 g/mol

7.00 mol = 35.0147*7

= 238.1029g

= 238g (rounded to 3 sig figs because 3 sig figs in 7,00)

Answer:

answer in picture

Explanation:

Help Please I'll mark Brainiest!


Write three observations that could help you identify this organism.

Answers

The shape of the organism is a huge factor, as it could fact for a different creature and/or organism every time. For example, a antelope may have a different form or structure of let’s say a spider, as this is the significant factor of ones shape, the first observation.

Secondly, the colors. As different organism come in different areas of reflections of light, it can easily be identified with this certain color and the way that the light reflects on it. This is another form of visual appearance, and important factor in identification.

Lastly, the pattern. As located on the back, the spikes/thread-looking things sticking out plays a huge factor in finding the organism name and/or identifying it. Every organism has a different pattern, humans being a huge one, all different

Observational studies of organisms is significant to our lives, and it’s greatly helped progress our sciences and society.

Answer:

the unidentified animal  looked like a slug, it looked like it lives or can be in water, the body of the unidentified animal is purple, it seems to have an orange spikes coming out of it's backs.

10.0 grams of a gas occupies 12.5 liters at a pressure of 42.0 mm Hg. What is the volume when the pressure has increased to 75.0 mm Hg? 6.72 L 7.00 L 22.3 L 0.143 L

Answers

Answer:  7.00 L

Explanation:

Boyle's Law: This law states that pressure is inversely proportional to the volume of the gas at constant temperature and number of moles.

[tex]P\propto \frac{1}{V}[/tex]     (At constant temperature and number of moles)

[tex]P_1V_1=P_2V_2[/tex]  

where,

[tex]P_1[/tex] = initial pressure of gas  = 42.0 mm Hg

[tex]P_2[/tex] = final pressure of gas  = 75.0 mm Hg

[tex]V_1[/tex] = initial volume of gas   = 12.5 L

[tex]V_2[/tex] = final volume of gas  = ?

[tex]42.0\times 12.5=75.0\times V_2[/tex]  

[tex]V_2=7.00L[/tex]

Therefore, the volume  when the pressure has increased to 75.0 mm Hg is 7.00 L

An element in group 3 that is a good conductor of electricity.

Answers

Answer:

Well for me I think

Explanation:

it's Aliminium

Answer:

Aluminum is good in heat and conductor

What is the significance of the color of the light observed in a line spectrum?​

Answers

The wawa dam far far away char

Do You Know That If you put a Grape in the microwave it will go on Fire!?

Answers

Answer:

really?!?! well did u know oranges can get stale??

Which change will produce a new substance

Answers

Answer:

Chemical change

Explanation:

Because it will be 2 mixtures of each substances making it 1 substance, and 1 change.

Why does soap work to remove oil? (Note that most oils can be considered non-polar. A soap molecule has one end that is polar and one end that is non-polar.)

Answers

Answer:

Soap breaks up the oil into smaller drops, which can mix with the water.

Explanation:

This works because soap is made up of molecules with two different ends.

The soap molecules works as a surfactant for the water oil interphase. The hydrophobic head of the soap molecules trap the oil and dirt ad remove from the surface.

What are surfactants?

Surfactants are chemical substances used to reduce the interfacial tension between substance boundary. Soaps and detergents acts as surfactants which are used to remove the dirt and oil from material surface.

Soap has both polar and non-polar characteristics. The alkaline part  in the soap causes it to have a polar head, and because of the electric charge on this head, the soap is hydrophilic. A hydrophilic part of soap is drawn to water and will cling to it.

In this instance, the positive-charged hydrogen atoms of the water's hydrogen atoms match with the polar head of the soap molecule. The other part of soap is a fatty acid tail, which is hydrophobic and can bind with the oil and dirt. The trapped oil molecules are then be removed by water.

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