Answer:
A.
Explanation:
In an endothermic reaction heat is applied.
In an endothermic process, heat is transferred from the surroundings to the system.
What are endothermic and exothermic processes?
An exothermic process is one that gives off heat. This heat is transferred to the surroundings. An endothermic process is one in which heat has to be supplied to the system from the surroundings.
The endothermic process is a term that describes a reaction where the system absorbs the energy from its surrounding in the form of heat. A few examples of the endothermic process are photosynthesis, evaporating liquids, melting ice, etc.
The exothermic reaction is the opposite of an endothermic reaction. It releases energy by light or heat to its surrounding. A few examples are neutralization, burning of a substance, reactions of fuels, etc.
Hence, option A is the correct answer.
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The student's lab manual says to mix some of his Na2CO3 solution with an aqueous solution of copper(II) sulfate (CuSO4)
i What evidence of a chemical reaction would he expect to see? Explain your answer.
ii Write a balanced chemical equation to show the reaction. Include state symbols.
iii What kind of reaction is this?
i When sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) is mixed with an aqueous solution of copper(II) sulfate (CuSO4), the student can expect to see several evidence of a chemical reaction:
Formation of a solid precipitate: When these two solutions are mixed, a solid precipitate of copper(II) carbonate (CuCO3) will form. This is a sign that a chemical reaction has occurred.
Change in color: The reaction between sodium carbonate and copper(II) sulfate will also result in a change in color. The solution may turn a blue or green color, indicating the presence of copper(II) ions.
Release of gases: The reaction between sodium carbonate and copper(II) sulfate may also produce gases, such as carbon dioxide (CO2).
ii The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between sodium carbonate and copper(II) sulfate is:
2Na2CO3(aq) + CuSO4(aq) → 2Na2SO4(aq) + CuCO3(s)
iii This is a double displacement reaction, also known as a metathesis reaction. In this type of reaction, the cations (positively charged ions) and anions (negatively charged ions) of the reactant compounds exchange places to form the products. In this case, the sodium ions (Na+) and the copper ions (Cu2+) exchange places to form sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) and copper carbonate (CuCO3).
which of the following statements about the packing of monatomic solids with different unit cells is incorrect? note: coordination number is the number of nearest neighbors at the same distance to a given atom. for example, the metal atom in the center of a body centered cubic unit cell has a coordination number of 8.
It is untrue that a bcc structure packs monatomic solids more effectively than just a fcc structure because it uses different unit cells.
How do FCC and BCC structures work?The central atom and the eight eighths from of the corners make up the BCC unit cell's final atomic composition, which is two atoms overall. Again, there seem to be eight atoms in the unit cell's corners in the FCC layout, and one atom is positioned in the middle of each face. The neighboring cell and the molecule in the face are connected.
What exactly is a steel BCC structure?Since the atom in this novel shape is located in the cube's body, it is known as a body-centered cubic structure (see the diagram below). Iron in its phase, chromium, tungsten, tantalum, or molybdenum are a few metals that have this crystalline structure.
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The percent composition by mass of some compounds is 32.01% C 4.03% H and 63.96% O. given that the molecular mass of the same compound is 150 amu determine its: a) empirical formula b) molecular formula
The percent composition by mass of some compounds is 32.01% C, 4.03% H, and 63.96% O, with a total molecular mass of 150 amu. The empirical formula of the compound is CH2O8, and the molecular formula is C3H6O24.
The percent composition by mass of some compounds is 32.01% C, 4.03% H, and 63.96% O, with a total molecular mass of 150 amu. This can be used to calculate the empirical formula and the molecular formula of the compound. To calculate the empirical formula, the mass of each element must first be calculated and then divided by the atomic mass of each element.
The mass of Carbon is 32.01% of 150 amu, which is 48.015 amu. The mass of Hydrogen is 4.03% of 150 amu, which is 6.045 amu. The mass of Oxygen is 63.96% of 150 amu, which is 95.945 amu. When divided by atomic mass, the ratio of elements is C:H:O = 1:2:8. This is the empirical formula of the compound.
The empirical formula gives the simplest ratio of the elements present in the compound, but does not necessarily indicate the actual number of atoms of each element present in the compound. To calculate the molecular formula of the compound, the empirical formula must be multiplied by an integer to correct the number of atoms of each element. The empirical formula for this compound is CH2O8. To determine the molecular formula, the empirical formula must be multiplied by a factor of 3. The molecular formula is therefore C3H6O24.
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What is esterification reaction?
According to my search
The primary alcohol is treated with a carboxylic acid in the presence of sulphuric acid a compound is formed. This compound has a sweet smell. The compound obtained is called an ester. The chemical reaction occurring in the formation of the ester is known as an esterification reaction.
Some esters can be prepared by esterification, a reaction in which a carboxylic acid and an alcohol, heated in the presence of a mineral acid catalyst, form an ester and water: The reaction is reversible. As a specific example of an esterification reaction, butyl acetate can be made from acetic acid and 1-butanol.
. Choose the best answer from the given alternatives 9.Rate of dissociation of a solution is largely depends up on; A. Inter- particle force B. Pressure of the system C. Temperature of the system D. surface area of the solid solute
Rate of dissociation of a solution is largely depends up on surface area of the solid solute.The correct option is D
What is dissociation?Dissociation can be defined as chemical reaction in which a compound breaks apart into two or more components. The general formula for a dissociation reaction follows the form: AB → A + B.
Therefore dissociation reaction may occur when one molecule is divided to form two smaller ones leading to a decrease in energy. Dissociation reactions result in the break down of a large molecule to form smaller products.
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the equilibrium constant, , for the following reaction is 55.6 at 698 k. calculate the equilibrium concentrations of reactants and product when 0.230 moles of and 0.230 moles of are introduced into a 1.00 l vessel at 698 k.
The equilibrium concentration of reactants and products are i.e.
[H2]=0.049,[I2]= 0.049,[HI]=0.36.
What is equilibrium concentration?
When the products and reactants remain constant over time, a chemical is said to be at equilibrium concentration. In other words, the rate of forward reaction in a chemical reaction must equal the rate of backward reaction in order for there to be chemical equilibrium, also known as equilibrium concentration.
For detailed calculation please refer attached file.
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give the balanced equation for the recovery of germanium from its oxide ore. phases are optional (liquid, aqueous, etc.). balanced equation:
The reaction mechanisms of dissolution processes are discussed for the balanced equation for the recovery of germanium from its oxide ore is GeO2 + heat= Ge+O2(g)
What is a compound example?The material which has been created by joining two or more distinct elements chemically in science is termed as compound. Examples of compounds are table salt (NaCl), which is generated from the elements sodium and chloride, and water (H2O), which is created from the components hydrogen and oxygen.The balanced equation for the recovery of germanium from its oxide ore is GeO2 + heat= Ge+O2(g)
What are the 3 main compounds?Compounds can be created by forming bonds between atoms of different types of elements. Ionic, covalent, and metallic bonds are the three basic forms of bonds. Different kinds of compounds are created by these different kinds of chemical connections.To know more about compounds visit
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Home Work I Given a short answer for the following questio 1. From the given elements Na, P, ca and Br. Which has the a Highes first lonization energy
Answer:
Br
Explanation:
The first ionization energy is a measure of the energy required to remove the outermost, or highest energy, electron from an atom or a positive ion. Among the elements Na, P, Ca, and Br, the element with the highest first ionization energy is Br.
The first ionization energy generally increases across a period (row) on the periodic table and decreases down a group (column). This trend is due to the increasing effective nuclear charge (the positive charge felt by an electron) and decreasing electron shielding (the effect of inner electrons on the energy of outer electrons) as one moves from left to right across a period.
In the case of Na, P, Ca, and Br, all four elements are in the same period, so they experience similar effective nuclear charge. However, Br has a higher atomic number than the other three elements, which means it has more protons in its nucleus and a stronger positive charge. This leads to a higher first ionization energy for Br compared to Na, P, and Ca.
Overall, the element with the highest first ionization energy among Na, P, Ca, and Br is Br.
Successive Ionization
Energies (kJ/mol)
1st: 786.3
2nd: 1,580
3rd: 3,230
4th: 4,360
5th: 16,000
6th: 20,000
If this element is found in Period 3, what is its likely identity?
a. sodium
b. magnesium
c. aluminum
d. silicon
e. phosphorus
f. sulfur
g. chlorine
h. argon
The dotted arrow in this reaction is a placeholder. Select the arrow that best describes the relationship between the reactants and products. -CECAH -CEC-L Identify the correct arrow descriptor.
To solve this, we must know each and every concept related to mechanisms of organic reaction. Therefore, the arrow that best describes the relationship between the reactants and products is the equilibrium arrow. The correct option is option A.
What are mechanisms of organic reaction?The technique of just an organic reactions is just the order of the steps in the process, giving information on which bonds are produced and/or disrupted in each step.
Understanding the processes of organic reactions is vital for understanding Organic Chemistry and for being able to harness the reactions to generate useful molecules. The arrow that best describes the relationship between the reactants and products is the equilibrium arrow.
Therefore, the correct option is option A.
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emitters whose energies are less than 0.2 mev are not considered an external radiation hazard. which of the following is (are) external radiation hazards?
Any source outside the body that emits ionising radiation, whether it be a beta source, neutron source, or gamma source, might be a risk for external radiation exposure.
Which of the following radiation kinds solely poses an external risk?The most dangerous outside threat is gamma radiation. "Beta burns" can be brought on by beta particles that partially penetrate skin.
What are some instances of radiation risks?Ionizing radiations have the potential to result in dermatitis, burns, cell damage, cataracts, and alterations in the blood. Any exposed area of the body can become heated by microwaves and radio waves, infrared rays can cause cataracts and skin burns, and UV light can cause skin cancer, conjunctivitis, arc eye, and conjunctivitis.
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The result of the following calculation has how
many significant figures?
(0.4333 J/g °C) (33.12°C - 31.12°C)(412.1 g)
Answer:
4
Explanation:
All numbers in the calculation are to 4 significant figures.
which of the following will not show geometric (cis-trans) isomerism? a. 3-ethyl-3-heptene b. 4-ethyl-2-heptene c. 4-ethyl-3-heptene d. 5-ethyl-2-heptene
The one that will not show geometric (cis-trans) isomerism is 3-ethyl-3-heptene. Thus, the correct answer to this question is A.
Geometric isomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and the same bond connectivity but differ in the spatial arrangement of their atoms. Geometric isomers can only occur in molecules with double bonds and will have different physical properties such as boiling point, melting point, and solubility.
The correct answer is 3-ethyl-3-heptene. This molecule does not contain a double bond and therefore cannot have geometric isomers. All the other choices (b, c, and d) contain a double bond and would be expected to exhibit geometric isomerism.
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the drug rocecoxib contains an atom of this element double-bonded to two different oxygens and is better known by the trade name viox
The medicine rocecoxib, often known as viox, comprises an atom of this element double-bonded to two distinct oxygens.
Celecoxib is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medicine (NSAID) used to treat mild to moderate pain and help reduce symptoms of arthritis, such as inflammation, swelling, stiffness, and joint discomfort (e.g., osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or juvenile rheumatoid arthritis).
People who use NSAIDs (non-aspirin non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs), such as celecoxib, may be more likely to experience a heart attack or stroke than those who do not use these treatments. These occurrences could be fatal and could occur suddenly.
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The reaction _____ provides information about the individual steps of a reaction, and identifies any reaction _____, which are formed during one step and consumed in a subsequent step.
The reaction mechanism explains the separate phases of a reaction and identifies any intermediates that are produced during one step and used in a different step later in the reaction.
In chemistry, what does the term "reaction" mean?One or maybe more chemicals, commonly referred to as reaction mixture, are converted within one or more chemical molecules, referred to as products, during a chemical reaction. Chemical elements and compounds are both substances.
The term "response" refers to what?Rearranging the atoms or molecules of two or more substances when they come into touch with one another, producing the production of one or more new substances. The interaction of two different substances' electrons is what drives chemical reactions.
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What is the difference in oxidation state of chromium in chromate and dichromate salts ?
ty! :)
The difference in the oxidation state of chromium in chromate and dichromate salts is 0 as chromium has an oxidation number of +6 in both salts.
What are chromate and dichromate salts?Chromates and dichromates are salts of chromic acid and dichromic acid, respectively.
Chromate salts contain the chromate ion, CrO₄²-, and have an intense yellow color. Dichromate salts contain the dichromate ion, Cr₂O₇²−, and have an intense orange color.
The chromium atoms are in oxidation state +6 in both, and the chromate and dichromate ions are fairly strong oxidizing agents.
Chromium in the +6 (or VI) oxidation state is often referred to as hexavalent chromium.
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Relate an enzyme's structure to its reaction specificity. (Module 2.18B)
The reaction specificity relates to how much energy is created when the enzyme-substrate complex forms.
The reaction specificity relates to the unique shape of the active site to which only a complementary shape can bind.
The reaction specificity relates to the number of enzymes with the same structure.
The reaction specificity relates to how many active sites are present on the enzyme.
The reaction specificity relates to the size of the enzyme.
Relation of structure of an enzyme to its reaction specificity :The reaction specificity relates to unique shape of active site to which only a complementary shape can bind.
How does the structure of an enzyme determines enzyme's specificity?The relationship between enzyme structure and enzyme specificity is that an enzyme's form, which is a result of its amino acid sequence, determines how specific it is.
An enzyme's three-dimensional structure, which is essential to its normal operation, determines how specific it is. The lock-and-key theory of enzyme activity states that the three-dimensional structure of an enzyme's active site enables the enzyme to bind readily to just certain substrates.
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Question 9 of 16
What is the reactant(s) in the chemical equation below?
3CO(g)+Fe₂ O₃(s) → 2 {Fe}(s)+3CO₂(g)
A. Fe₂ O₃(s)
B. 2 Fe(s)+3CO₂(g)
C. 2 Fe(s)
D. 3 CO(g)+Fe₂ O₃(s)
Answer:
3CO(g) + Fe₂O₃(s)
Explanation:
In a chemical equation, the reactants are the substances that undergoes a chemical reaction to form the products. In this case, 3CO(g) and Fe₂O₃(s) react to form 2 {Fe}(s) and 3CO₂(g).
_CH3CH2OH+_O2->_ CH2+_H2O
Balance Equation
The given combustion reaction of ethanol with oxygen can be balanced as follows:
[tex]\rm CH_{3}CH_{2} OH + 3O_{2} \rightarrow 2 CO_{2} + 3 H _{2}O[/tex].
What is combustion?Combustion is a type of reaction in which the a substance reacts with atmospheric oxygen to produce water and carbon dioxide. Hydrocarbons such as alkanes, alkenes and alkanes and other organic compounds such as alcohol.
One mole of ethanol undergoes combustion reaction and produce 2 moles of carbon dioxide and 3 moles of water. The reaction can be balanced and written as follows:
[tex]\rm CH_{3}CH_{2} OH + 3O_{2} \rightarrow 2 CO_{2} + 3 H _{2}O[/tex]
The reaction is balanced on each side and the number of each elements on both sides are equated by multiplying with suitable integers.
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compare the packing efficiency of face-centered cubic gold and face-centered cubic sodium chloride considering all the atoms.
In the gold unit cell, packing is more effective. The sodium chloride unit cell has a greater packing efficiency. In both lattice structures, packing is equally efficient.
How much of an atom from a unit cell's face is actually within the cell?Two unit cells share an atom on a face, therefore only one of these cells is the owner of the entire atom.
The definition of cubic tight packing is which of the following?An example of cubic close packing is a crystalline structure in which planes of densely packed atoms or ions are arranged in a sequence of three alternating layers with various relative orientations.
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b. complete the following table. tell if the molecule is polar or nonpolar, draw the lewis structure for the molecule, give the shape of the molecule, and state what the most significant intermolecular force affecting the molecule would be. (16 points) sci2 cbr4
Based on the Lewis structure, SCl₂ is a polar molecule whereas CBr₄ is a non-polar molecule.
Lewis dot structures, also known as electron dot structures, are pictorial representations that show the interatomic chemical bonds in a molecule. They also depict how many lone pairs are overall in each atom that makes up the molecule. Common names for Lewis dot structures include electron dot structures and Lewis structures. Lewis described an acid as an electron pair acceptor, while a base is an electron pair giver. One dot is included in a Lewis Electron Dot Formula along with the symbol of the element and each valence electron.
Hence, Lewis structure denotes nature of molecules
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Select the best answer for the question.
5. Which of the following accurately describes circuits?
OA. In a parallel circuit, the same amount of current flows through each part c
OB. In a series circuit, the current can flow through only one path from start to
OC. In a parallel circuit, there's only one path for the current to travel.
OD. In a series circuit, the amount of current passing through each part of the
O Mark for review (Will be highlighted on the review page)
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The statement accurately describes circuits is in a parallel circuit, there's only one path for the current to travel. Therefore, option C is correct.
What is circuit ?Electronic components such as resistors, transistors, capacitors, inductors, and diodes are connected via conductive wires or traces that allow electric current to pass between them.
Circuit training entails performing a set of timed exercises one after the other, with varied lengths of break in between. Push-ups, sit-ups, squats, chin-ups, and lunges are a few exercises that might be included in a straightforward circuit training routine.
A channel for the transfer of electric current is known as an electric circuit. Electric energy is transferred to components that transform it into various types of energy that can perform work, such as supplying power to lights, appliances, and other devices, when electrical current flows across a circuit.
Thus, option C is correct.
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Describe how to prepare 400 grams of a 15% (mass/mass) aqueous solution of KBr.
Dissolve 60g of potassium bromide in 340g of water to produce 15% (mass/mass) aqueous solution of potassium bromide.
Here we have to prepare a total of 400 g of solution. Aqueous solution means the solvent we use here is water.
So to prepare 400 g of 15% aqueous solution of potassium bromide, we need to find out how many grams of potassium bromide need to be dissolved in water and how many grams of water must be used.
Here the weight percent is given, that is 15%
15/100 = weight of potassium bromide/ 400 g
0 .15 = weight of potassium bromide / 400
weight of potassium bromide needed = 0.15 × 400
= 60 g
So, we calculated the required amount of potassium bromide as 60 grams. The total weight of the solution to be made is 400 grams.
So amount of water required = 400 - 60
= 340 g
So we need to mix 60 grams of potassium bromide in 340 grams of water to get a 15% (mass/mass) aqueous solution.
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(a) The equation for the complete combustion of butane is given below. Insert the
missing volumes.
2CH₂(g) + 130₂(g) → 8CO₂(g) + 10H₂O(g)
volume of gas/cm
The balanced equation of combustion of the butane is:
2C₄H₁₀ (g) + 13 O₂ (g) → 8 CO₂ (g) + 10 H₂O (g)
The volume of the butane, oxygen, CO₂, and water is 44.8 L, 291.2 L, 179.2 L, and 224 L.
What is the balanced chemical equation?The chemical equation is said to be balanced if the number of atoms of each element is equal on both sides of the chemical equation.
The law of conservation of mass should be followed while balancing of a chemical equation. By obeying this law, the total mass on both sides of the equation will be equal in a balanced chemical equation.
Given the equation is 2 C₄H₁₀(g) + 13 O₂ (g) → 8 CO₂ (g) + 10 H₂O (g)
The moles of the butane = 2 mol
The volume of the butane = 2 ×22.4 = 44.8 L
The volume of the oxygen = 13 ×22.4 = 291.2 L
The volume of the carbon dioxide = 8 ×22.4 = 179.2 L
The volume of the water = 10 ×22.4 = 224 L
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The combinations would need roman numerals in the ionic name is aluminum and fluorine. Therefore, option D is correct.
What types of ionic compounds require Roman numerals ?It is necessary to specify the specific ion we are referring to because transition metals can generate many ions. The addition of a Roman numeral after the metal serves as a reminder of this. Both the charge and the oxidation state of the transition metal ion are indicated by the Roman numeral.
When the metal cation forms several ions, ionic compounds are named using Roman numerals. Although not all of them do it, transition metals are those that can combine with other ions to generate multiple ions.
Thus, option D is correct.
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balance the equation
Answer:
Second answer may be 4Al +3O2 gives 2Al2O3
Bromine is one of the few elements that is a liquid at room temperature. It vaporizes easily and has a beautiful red color in both the liquid and gaseous states. Bromine reacts readily with hydrogen gas to make hydrogen bromide. One way to represent this equilibrium is 2 HBr(g)H2(g) + Br2(g) We could also write this reaction three other ways, listed below, The equilibrium constants for all of the reactions are related. Write the equilibrium constant for each new reaction in terms of K, the equilibrium constant for the reaction above 1) 1/2 H2(g) + 1/2 Br(g)HBr(g) K1 = _____________ 2) H2(g) + Br2(g) 2HBr(g) K2 = _____________ 3) HBr(g)1/2 H2(g) + 1/2 Br2(g) K3 = ___________
The equilibrium constant for three reaction are
K1=[tex](1/K)^{1/2}[/tex]K2=1/KK=[tex]K^{1/2}[/tex]What is equilibrium constant?
The relationship between the reactants and products when a chemical reaction reaches equilibrium is revealed by the equilibrium constant of a chemical process, which is typically represented by the letter K.
There are certain rules such as
When we reverse the reaction equilibrium constant becomes inverse and when multiply particular reaction using any number then that number raised to power of the equilibrium constant.
2HBr (g) ⇄ H₂ (g) + Br₂ (g)
[tex]K = \frac{[H_{2} ][Br_{2} ]}{[HBr]^{2} } \\\\[/tex]
[tex]\frac{1}{2} H_{2} (g) + \frac{1}{2} Br_{2} (g)[/tex] ⇄ HBr(g)
[tex]K1 = \frac{[HBr]}{[H_{2} ]^{1/2}[Br_{2} ]^{1/2} }[/tex]
Squaring on both sides,
[tex]K1^{2} = \frac{[HBr]^{2} }{[H_{2} ][Br_{2} ] }[/tex]
Putting value of K in above equation -
K1² = 1/K
K1 = (1/K)^(1/2)
2) H₂ (g) + Br₂ (g) ⇄ 2HBr (g)
Reverse the main equation
So, K₂ = 1/K
HBr (g) ⇄ 1/2 H₂ (g) + 1/2 Br₂ (g)
Multiplying equation by 1/2
So, K raised to the power 1/2,
K₃ = K^(1/2)
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The equilibrium constant for each new reaction in terms of K, will be K1 = (1/K)^1/2 ; K2 = 1/K ; K3 = K^1/2
Why is the equilibrium constant important?
The amount of reactant to product in a chemical reaction can be compared to derive the equilibrium constant, which is used to predict chemical behavior. Rate of the forward reaction equals Rate of the backward reaction at equilibrium.
For reaction, 2 HBr(g) ⇌ H2(g) + Br2(g)
Equilibrium constant K will be [H2] [ Br2] / [HBr]^2
1) 1/2 H2(g) + 1/2 Br(g) ⇌ HBr(g)
K1 =[HBr] / [H2]^1/2 [ Br2]^1/2
= (1/K)^1/2
2) H2(g) + Br2(g) ⇌ 2HBr(g)
K2 = [HBr]^2 / [H2] [ Br2]
= 1/K
3) HBr(g) ⇌ 1/2 H2(g) + 1/2 Br2(g)
K3 = [H2]^1/2 [ Br2]^1/2 / [HBr]
= K^1/2
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Consider the equilibrium above. Which of the following changes wil increase the concentration of Hgl4? 2-2 O Increase the concentration of hydroxide O Increasing the mass of Hg present O Adding a catalyst O Adding 6 M HI O Incrcasing the temperature
Addition of 6M HI will increase the concentration of Hgl4.
What is Le Chatelier's principle?The principle of Le Chatelier is as follows: A change in one of the variables that describe an equilibrium system causes a shift in the position of the equilibrium, which cancels out the effect of the change.
In this question,
Addition of 6M HI shifts the equilibrium in forward direction and hence more amount of HgI4^- formed.
This is accordance with Le-Chatelier principle which states that , increasing the concentration of reactants ( gases or aqueous phase only) shifts the equilibrium in forward direction and increase the concentration of products shift the equilibrium in backward direction .
Increase the concentration of OH- shift equilibrium in the opposite direction causes a decrease in the concentration of HgI4.The increase in solid mass, i.e. HgO, has no effect on equilibrium.Catalyst has no effect on equilibrium because it increases the pace of both forward and backward reactions.Because the above reaction is exothermic (H0), increasing the temperature causes the equilibrium to shift forward.Addition of 6M HI will increase the concentration of Hgl4.
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The sign of ∆H for the process NaCl(l) → NaCl(s) is
A. negative and the process is endothermic
B. positive and the process is exothermic
C. positive and the process is endothermic
D. negative and the process is exothermic
Answer:
The sign of ΔH is negative and reaction is exothermic so correct option is D.
Explanation:
Chemical reactions are endothermic if the heat of reaction is written on the reactant side of the equation. The heat of the reaction in exothermic reactions is written on the product side. The energy that is either released or absorbed when chemicals are changed in a chemical reaction is known as the heat of reaction. The heat of reaction, also known as reaction enthalpy, is frequently given as either specific enthalpy in kJ/kg or kJ/L or as molar enthalpy in kJ/mol.
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The process's H indication The reaction of NaCl(l) NaCl(s) is positive and endothermic.
The process of melting salt is endothermic.
Gibbs free energy is connected to enthalpy change and entropy change at constant temperature in the following ways:
ΔG= ΔH– TΔS
The given reaction is,
NaCl (l) → NaCl(g)
Now, we know that, as we move from solid to liquid and liquid to gas, entropy increases.
Thus, in the given reaction, entropy increases.
Also, if ΔG> 0, reaction is never spontaneous, and if ΔG< 0, reaction is spontaneous.
Now, as ΔS is positive, so, ΔG will be negative i.e. exothermic if and only if ΔH is negative.
Therefore, the correct option is negative and the process is exothermic. The reaction is as follows: NaCl(l) NaCl (g)
We now know that entropy rises as a substance changes state from solid to liquid and then from liquid to gas.
Entropy so rises in the process described.
Additionally, a reaction is always spontaneous if G > 0, and never if G 0.
Since S is now positive, G will only be exothermic, or negative, if H is also negative.
As a result, the process is exothermic, and the right answer is negative.
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What causes the intensity of light to be lower in the winter and locations other than the equator
In the winter and in regions other than the equator, light intensity is reduced due to Earth's angle with the sun.
How does intensity of light change with latitude?The answer is related to how Earth is angled in relation to the sun. The equator's latitudes experience constant direct sunshine. The oblique angle at which latitudes near the poles receive sunlight causes the same quantity of radiation to be dispersed over a larger area than it would be at the equator.
It is the cause of change in seasons as-
In summers: There are longer daylight hours, the sun is more perpendicular to us than at other times of the year, and the Northern Hemisphere leans toward the sun in its revolution. The longer days bring up additional heating because of the concentrated sunshine.
In winters: The sun seems lower in the sky during the winter because the Northern Hemisphere is tilted away from it, there are less daylight hours, and the sun is hitting us at an angle. Because the sun's beams are "spread out" rather than "direct," there is less heating.
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