thermohaline circulation is driven by: density differences
Mass per unit volume is measured using the density unit. Given that it is an intense property, the size of the item has no bearing on the value of the property. Density Physics-related meaning The mass-to-volume ratio of an object is known as its density in physics. Mass per unit volume is a frequent definition. Chemistry's use of density The density of a substance in chemistry is a measurement of how much mass there is per unit volume. It is a physical characteristic that is intense, which means that the size of the object has no bearing on its value.
thermohaline circulation is driven by: group of answer choices the coriolis effect. longitude. density differences. wind. latitude.
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The heat of combustion for sugar is 5639 kJ/mole, but that for TNT is 3406 kJ/mole. Why, if the heat of combustion for TNT is smaller than for sugar, is TNT an explosive?
The heat of combustion for TNT( 3406 kJ/mole) is smaller than that of sugar (5639 kJ/mole) because TNT is an explosive material.
Why is heat of combustion for TNT smaller than for sugar?As sugar is a non electrolyte, it is comparatively more stable. That is why, more energy is required to decompose the sugar. Therefore, heat of combustion value is 5639kJ/mol which is high.
The heat of combustion of TNT is about 3406 kJ/mol and this value is a good indicator of the energy available from the detonation of TNT.
TNT is sometimes used as a reagent in chemical synthesis, but is best known as an explosive material with convenient handling properties.
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write the ka reaction for trichloroacetic acid, cl3cco2h (ka 5 0.3), for anilinium ion, and for cu21 (ka 5 3 3 1028)
Ka = [Cl3CCOO⁻] [H⁺] / [Cl3CCOOH] = 0.3
Ka = [C6H5 -NH2] [H30⁺] / [C6H5-NH3⁺] = 2.51ₓ10⁻⁵
Ka = [Cu (OH3)] ⁻[H⁺] ³/[Cu²⁺] = 3ₓ10⁻⁸
To know if a substance will act as an acid or a base in a reaction, we look at the functional group.
How to find acidic strength?
trichloroacetic acid (and carboxylic acids in general) have carboxylic group - O- H which dissociates into aqueous solution into COO⁻ + H+ ions. Since it gives protons in aqueous solution, it acts as an acid
Amines Ar -NH are bases. They react with water to produce hydroxide ions.
Protonated amine is the conjugate acid. It reacts with water to provide
Cu2+ reacts with water to provide protons. Hence, Cu2+ acts as an acid.
Among trichloroacetic acid, anilinium ion and Cu2+ ion, Ka value is maximum for trichloroacetic acid. Hence, trichloroacetic acid is the strongest acid.
Note: Higher is the Ka value, greater is the acid strength.
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Select all that apply
What two things are credited with creating the "global village?" (Choose every correct answer.)
Electronic media
Corporate sustainability
Convenient air travel
Assembly line production
The two things that are credited with creating a global village is: Convenient air travel and Electronic media.
What is a Global Village?This can be described as a method where people from the globe or universe are able to communicate and meet each other sometimes without physical contact.For an effective global village to be created, a good electronic media needs to be present. It will help people of all kinds communicate easily. A convenient air travel system also needs to be present for ease of movement.Herbert Marshall Mcluhan is a canadian philosopher, he predicted the world wide wide when he said nearly 60 years ago that the rise of electronic media would initiate a global village, reducing distance barriers. He also stated that the medium of communication is the message itself. This statement gave rise to the world wide web thirty years later and is the cornerstones of media theory and technologies.To learn more about Global Village here:
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HELP PLS
The half-life of sodium-25 is 1.0 minute. Starting with 1 kg of this isotope, how much will remain after half an hour?
The amount of the sodium-25 that will remain after half an hour, given that it has a half life of 1.0 minutes is 5.0×10⁻³¹ Kg
How do I determine the amoun remaining after half hour?To obtain the amount that will remain after half hour, we'll begin by obtaining the number of half lives that has passed. Details below:
Half-life (t½) = 1.0 minuteTime (t) = 1/2 hour = 30 minutesNumber of half-lives (n) =?n = t / t½
n = 30 / 1
n = 30
Now, we shall determine the amount that will remain after half hour. This is shown below:
Number of half-lives (n) = 30Original amount (N₀) = 1 KgAmount remaining (N) = ?N = N₀ / 2ⁿ
N = 1 / 2³⁰
N = 5.0×10⁻³¹ Kg
Thus, from the above calculation, we can conclude that the amount that would remain is 5.0×10⁻³¹ Kg
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Calculate the frequency of light emitted when an electron in a hydrogen atom makes each of the following transitions.
a) n = 4 →→ n = 3
b) n = 5 →→ n = 1
c) n = 5 →→ n = 4
d) n = 6 →→ n = 5
Consequently, v=hE=6. 61010 is the frequency of the light emitted.
How can you figure out the wavelength of light that a hydrogen atom emits during a transition?The Rydberg Formula The Rydberg's Formula, 1=RZ2(1n2i1n2f), determines the wavelength of a photon absorbed by an electron transition. 1 = R Z 2 (1 n I 2 1 n f 2), where is the photon's wavelength, ni is the energy level's starting principal quantum number, and nf is the last principal quantum.
What is the light frequency formula?fλ = c
The equation f = c, where c is the speed of light, connects frequency (f) with wavelength (). Since the speed of light is constant, this equation must be maintained whether the frequency is increased or decreased because the wavelength must decrease.
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Substance D has the following properties:
ΔHvap = 34.6 kJ/mol
ΔHfus = 6.3 kJ/mol
Tb = 87.9 °C
Tm = -30.9 °C
Specific Heat (solid) = 4.9 J/g·°C
Specific Heat (liquid) = 2.4 J/g·°C
Specific Heat (gas) = 1.5 J/g·°C
Calculate the energy that must be removed to convert 221.6 g of substance D from a gas at 120.9 °C to a solid at -61.9°C. The molar mass of Substance D is 75 g/mol. Enter your response to the nearest kJ
The total heat that is required to produce the solid is obtained as 34.8 kJ.
What is the energy required?We know that the energy of the substance can be defined as the ability to do work. In this case, energy has been supplied to the system as the heat that is supplied to the substances.
There are stages that the objects would have to go through and in all these stages we have heat that is evolved or absorbed.
As the object cools from 120.9 °C to 87.9 °C
H = mcdT
m = mass of the object
c = specific heat capacity
dT = temperature change
H = 221.6 g * 1.5 J/g·°C * (87.9 °C - 120.9 °C)
H = -10,969 J or 10.969 kJ
As it is converted from gas to liquid;
H = 221.6 g/75 g/mol * 34.6 kJ/mol
H = 2.95 mol * 34.6 kJ/mol
H = 102.1 kJ
As the liquid cools from 87.9 °C to -30.9 °C
H = 221.6 g * 2.4 J/g·°C * ( -30.9 °C - 87.9 °C)
H = -63.2 kJ
As the liquid changes to solid;
H = 221.6 g/75 g/mol * 6.3 kJ/mol
H = 2.95 mol * 6.3 kJ/mol
H = 18.6 kJ
As the solid cools further to -61.9°C
H = 221.6 g * 4.9 J/g·°C * (-61.9°C - (-30.9 °C))
H = -33.7 kJ
Total heat involved;
10.969 kJ + 102.1 kJ - 63.2 kJ + 18.6 kJ - 33.7 kJ
= 34.8 kJ
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Inherited traits are
Inherited traits are defined as a trait or a variant which is encoded by DNA and passed from one generation to another.
What is DNA?DNA is a hereditary material which is present in human beings as well as all other living organisms. Every cell which is present in an organism's body has DNA which is the same. Most of the DNA is situated in the cell's nucleus and small amount of it can be found in the cell's mitochondria as well.
Information which is stored in DNA is stored as codes made up of four chemical bases namely, adenine, thymine , cytosine and guanine.Human DNA consists of 3 billion bases .The order of the bases determines information which is required for building and maintaining an organism.
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how much concentrated solution would it take to prepare 2.65 l of 0.515 m hcl upon dilution with water?
Concentrated solution that it would take to prepare 2.65 l of 0.515 m Hcl upon dilution with water is 131 ml.
What is concentrated solution?A solution that has a relatively large amount of dissolved solute is known a concentrated solution .
As we know,
And , moles of hydrochloric acid = M₁ * V₁= M₂ * V₂
Now, V₁ = V₂ * M₂/M₁
Given,
M₂ = 0.515 M
V₂ =2.65 L
As the hydrochloric acid can be concentrated up to 38% p/V ,
Therefore, maximum M₁ =38% p/V = 38 gr/ 0.1 L / 36.5 gr/mol = 10.41 M
Now, min V₁ = V₂ * M₂/ max M₁
= 2.65 L* 0.515 M/ 10.41 M
= 0.131 L
= 131 ml
So, the quantity required can go from 131 ml up to 2900 ml ( if M₁ = M₂)
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Which of the following equations shows a physical change? (1 point)
O CaCOg →) CaO + CO,
O N₂O5NO₂ + O₂
O H₂O(s)→ H₂O(l)
O C12H22O11 + 1202 12CO₂ + 11H₂O
(I need this now lol)
Atoms of hydrogen are then balanced. Watch the following video to learn more about oxygen atoms. C12H22O11 with 12O2 equals 12CO2 plus 11H2O.
How to find Balance equations ?Balance C12H22O11 + O2 CO2 + H2O
Word formula: Sucrose + Oxygen + Carbon + WaterIt is a combustion reaction, which is the type of chemical reaction involved.Strategies for Keeping Things Balanced: In these reactions, oxygen is being added along with sucrose, which is often known as table sugar. We were burning sugar, in other terms. As a result, this is an instance of combustion.First, adjust the coefficient in front of the CO2 molecule to balance the carbons. You may now begin balancing this equation using that information.As the coefficient for CO2, you should use 12.Atoms of hydrogen are then balanced. Watch the following video to learn more about oxygen atoms.C12H22O11 with 12O2 equals 12CO2 plus 11H2O.To Learn more About Atoms of hydrogen refer to:
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Write the balanced net ionic equation for the reactions that occur when the given aqueous solutions are mixed. Include the physical states. A. Silver nitrate, agno3 , and magnesium bromide, mgbr2.
A silver precipitate is created when silver nitrate, AgNO3, and magnesium bromide, MgBr2, are combined in aqueous solutions.Create the net ionic equation as well as the balanced formula equation for this reaction.
When AgNO3 and MgCl2 are combined, does a solid result?The end products of the reaction between aqueous systems of magnesium chloride (MgCl2) and silver nitrate (AgNO3) are solid silver chloride and aqueous magnesium nitrate.
Which one of the following results in an AgCl and AgNO3 precipitate?The right response is (CH3)3C-Cl.The most reliable 3° carbocation is formed by tert-butyl chloride, or (CH3)3C - Cl.As a result, it will immediately produce the white precipitate of AgCl in AgNO3 solution.
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true or false; water is not commonly used on combustible metals as it may react violently, especially with magnesium and sodium, causing explosions.
Answer: false
Explanation: Sodium reacts vigorously with cold water forming sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and hydrogen (H2). The reaction of sodium metal with water is highly heat producing due to which the hydrogen gas formed during the reaction catches fire and burns causing little explosions.
Magnesium metal does not react explosively with water…. Unlike the LOWER Group 2 metals, i.e. calcium, strontium, etc., the reaction of magnesium with water is rather sluggish… formation of magnesium oxide passivates (as it is called) the surface of the metal and prevents rapid oxidation…
F2 + 2NaCl --> 2NaF + Cl2 (g)
7.6 g of F2 completely reacts with 23.2 g NaCl to produce 14.0 g of Cl2 (g). What mass in grams of NaF is produced?
The mass of NaF that will be produced when 7.6 g of [tex]F_2[/tex] completely reacts with 23.2 g NaCl to produce 14.0 g of [tex]Cl_2[/tex] gas would be 16.80 grams.
Stoichiometric problemFrom the balanced equation of the reaction between [tex]F_2[/tex] and NaCl below:
[tex]F_2 + 2NaCl -- > 2NaF + Cl_2 (g)[/tex]
The mole ratio of the 2 reactants is 1:2. We need to find the limiting reactant.
Recall that: mole = mass/molar mass
Molar mass of [tex]F_2[/tex] = 38 g/mol
Molar mass of NaCl = 58.44 g/mol
Mole of 7.6 g [tex]F_2[/tex] = 7.6/38 = 0.2 mol
Mole of 23.2 g NaCl = 23.2/58.44 = 0.40 mol
From the calculated moles, there is no excess reactant.
The mole ratio of NaCl to NaF is 1:1. Hence, the equivalent mole of NaF produced will also be 0.40 mol.
The molar mass of NaF is 41.99 g/mol.
Mass of 0.40 g NaF = 0.40 x 41.99
= 16.80 grams
In other words, the amount of NaF that will be produced when 7.6 g of [tex]F_2[/tex] completely reacts with 23.2 g NaCl to produce 14.0 g of [tex]Cl_2[/tex] gas would be 16.80 grams.
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The combustion of ethylene proceeds by the reaction
C2H4(g) + 3O2(g) → 2CO2(g) + 2H2O(g)
When the rate of disappearance of O2 is 0.37 mol L-1 s-1, the rate of appearance of CO2 is ________ mol L-1s-1.
Thus, the rate of disappearance of O₂ is 0.37 mol L⁻¹ s⁻¹ , the rate of appearance of CO₂ is 0.2467 mol L⁻¹ s⁻¹
What is the rate of reaction?The rate at which a chemical reaction moves forward is known as the reaction rate in chemistry. It is frequently defined in terms of either the concentration of a reactant that is consumed in a unit of time or the concentration of a product that is generated in a unit of time (amount per unit volume).
The equation becomes:
C₂H₄(g) + 3O₂(g) → 2CO₂(g) + 2H₂O(g)
Rate of reaction = [tex]-\frac{d[C_2H_4]}{dt}[/tex] = [tex]-\frac{1}{3} \frac{d[O_2]}{dt}[/tex] = [tex]+\frac{1}{2} \frac{d[CO_2]}{dt}[/tex] = [tex]+\frac{1}{2} \frac{d[H_2O]}{dt}[/tex]
It is given that, the rate of disappearance of O₂ is 0.37 mol L⁻¹ s⁻¹.
So, [tex]-\frac{1}{3} \frac{d[O_2]}{dt} =[/tex] [tex]+\frac{1}{2} \frac{d[CO_2]}{dt}[/tex]
or, [tex]-\frac{1}{3} \frac{d[O_2]}{dt}[/tex] × (-0.37 mol L⁻¹ s⁻¹) = [tex]\frac{d[CO_2]}{dt}[/tex]
or, [tex]\frac{2}{3} \frac{d[O_2]}{dt}[/tex] × (0.37 mol L⁻¹ s⁻¹) = [tex]\frac{d[CO_2]}{dt}[/tex]
or, 0.2467 mol L⁻¹ s⁻¹ = [tex]\frac{d[CO_2]}{dt}[/tex]
Thus, the rate of disappearance of O₂ is 0.37 mol L⁻¹ s⁻¹ , the rate of appearance of CO₂ is 0.2467 mol L⁻¹ s⁻¹
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An 80.0 g sample of a gas was heated from 25 ∘C
to 225 ∘C.
During this process, 346 J of work was done by the system and its internal energy increased by 6265 J.
What is the specific heat of the gas?
The specific heat of the gas is 0.453 J/gº.
What is Specific Heat?
The following method can be used to calculate specific heat values: Heat always transfers from the warmer to the cooler material until both materials reach the same temperature when two materials, each at an initial different temperature, are placed in contact with one another. The heat obtained by the initially colder substance must equal the heat lost by the initially warmer material, according to the law of conservation of energy.
We are aware that when a substance absorbs heat energy, its temperature rises. It is noted that the temperature rise for each substance varies when the same amount of heat is applied to equal masses of various substances.
When we solve for q, we have... q = ∆E - w ∆E = +6905 J w = -346 J (negative value since work was done BY the system, and not on it) (negative value because work was done BY the system, and not on it) q = 6905 - (-346) = 7251 J.
This can now be used to q = mCT.
q = mC∆T
q = 7251 J
80 g of mass is m.
Does C equal specific heat?
T = temperature change equals 225° - 25° = 200°
C=q/(m)T=7251 J/(80.0 g)(200o)
C = 0.453 J/gº
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What organelles can only be seen in detail using an electron
microscope?
in each reaction box, place the best reagent and conditions that give the following alkene as the major product.
The conditions for alkene as a major product is attaching EWG with a aromatic compounds.
In the event that hydrogen is added to the tertiary carbon of an alkene, secondary carbocation is also a scenario that may arise; however, tertiary cation is more stable than secondary. Alkene is the end product following the release of H. A significant product is more substituted alkene.
We frequently overlook the ion concentration in water for the same reason that we frequently ignore the electron mass (we just add the protons and neutrons) due to their tiny size. The -log(conc) cannot be taken in this case.
The substituted alkane must have a low leaving group for E1cB to take place. The E1cB reaction is favored by strong EWG at the carbon and a weak leaving group. One of its beta carbons must also have a hydrogen on it. Fluorine, a poor leaving group, is present in reactant.
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0. Three kids were tossing balls into the pool. They noticed that the heights of the waves
were affected by which ball they tossed into the water. Their observations are recorded in
the table below. Explain how the amplitude of a wave is related to its energy. Include a
drawing or sentence that describes the energy transfer(s) and transformation(s) that
occurs to produce the waves in this scenario.
Answer: The higher the amplitude, the higher the energy.
Explanation: The higher the amplitude, the higher the energy. To summarise, waves carry energy. The amount of energy they carry is related to their frequency and their amplitude. The higher the frequency, the more energy, and the higher the amplitude, the more energy.
Why can gae change volume?A. The ga particle have no ma, o they can change volume. B. Gravity ha no effect on ga particle, o they can float away. C. There are no force holding the ga particle together. D. The force holding the ga particle together are tronger than gravity
The gases changes its volume because there are no force holding the gas molecules together. Hence the option C is correct.
Gases do not have a definite shape or volume because the molecules in the gases are very loosely packed, they have large intermolecular spaces , hence they move around. The force of attraction between the molecules is also very less, as a result gases acquire any shape or any volume. In comparison to liquids and solids, intermolecular interactions between gas particle are weaker. Because the atoms in gases are loosely connected to one another, they can move more quickly than those in liquids. Thus, gases lack both a defined shape and a defined volume. They merely assume a container-like shape.
So, gas molecules can break loose easily from any boundary and can fill any space. Hence, they do not contain any definite volume.
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if on an average a teflon polymer has 100,000 monomer units and each monomer of teflon has the formula c2f4, what is the molar mass of the polymer?
Molar mass of teflon polymer is 1,20,00,000. if on an average a teflon polymer has 100,000 monomer units and each monomer of teflon has the formula c2f4 =120.0g/mol.
How to solve?no of monomer in teflon polymer is 100,000 monomer units ,
and the formula of teflon is c2f4,
now the molar mass of monomer c2f4 is 100.02 g/mol then,
for 100,000 monomer units = 120.0*100,000 = 1,20,00,000 g/mol
Molar mass of teflon polymer is 1,20,00,000 g/mol.
What does C8 do to Teflon?The two that have received the attention are PFOA (also known as C8), which has been used for many years to manufacture Teflon non-stick, and PFOS, which is used to make Scotchgard water repellent. They don't degrade. PFAS are persistent and build up over time in both people and animals as well as in the environment.
Give a definition of polymerization and an equation.The joining of hundreds of ethylene molecules to produce polyethylene is an illustration of the first type of reaction. Other addition polymers include polypropylene, which is created by polymerizing H2C=CHCH3, polystyrene, which is created from H2C=CH C6H5, and polyvinyl chloride, which is created from H2C=CHCl.
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if your chemistry grade is broken down so that 40% of it is based on homework, 40% on lab reports, and 20% on exams, and your average scores (out of 100 points in each area) are homework–95, labs–83, and exams–77, what would your weighted average be?
95 marks in 100 means you scored 95 % in homework. Similarly 83% in labs and 77% in exams. Thus the weighted average will be 85 %.
What is average?Average of a set of values is their sum divided by their number. The average of a set with even number of values, will be their sum divided by number where the average comes in a range of the set of values.
Average of odd number of values will be the exact middle value of the set.
Given that marks in homework out of 100 = 95
labs = 83
exams = 77.
Thus, average of your marks percentage = (77 + 83 + 95)/3
= 85%.
Therefore, the average percentage of the marks is 85%.
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describe what occurs when a solution forms including which interactions are broken and which interactions are formed
The interactions between the solvent and the solute are either equal to or greater than the interactions between the solvent and the solute.
What is the name of the solution formation process?A solute can dissolve in a solvent to create a solution whether it is in a solid, liquid, or gaseous phase. A solute's solubility is the highest concentration that can dissolve in a solvent at a specific temperature.
When similar molecules of one of the components in a solution interact, what is that process known as?Solvation is the scientific term for the interactions between solute particle and solvent molecule. Ions or molecules that are solvated are encircled by solvent. Photo from Wikimedia Commons of a sodium ion dissolved in water.
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a chem 10 student dissolves 2.45 g of sugar in 200.0 g water. what is the mass percent of sugar in the solution?
A student dissolves 2.45 g of sugar in 200.0 g water. the mass percent of sugar in the solution is 1.22 %.
given that :
the mass of the solute = 2.45 g
the mass of the solution = 200 g
The mass percent formula is given as follows :
The mass % = ( mass of solute / mass of the solution ) × 100 %
The mass % = ( 2.45 / 200 ) × 100 %
The mass % = 1.22 %.
Thus the mass percent of the 2.45 g of sugar dissolves in 200 g of the water is 1.22 %.
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which represents a balanced equation of sulfurous acid with lithium hydroxide to form water and lithium sulfite.
The balanced chemical equation for the reaction of sulfurous acid with lithium hydroxide to form water and lithium sulfite is given as below.
2 LiOH + H₂SO₃ → Li₂SO₃ + 2H₂O
The formula of lithium hydroxide is given as LiOH
The formula of sulfurous acid is given as H₂SO₃
the formula of lithium sulfite is given as Li₂SO₃
The reaction will be:
LiOH + H₂SO₃ → Li₂SO₃
Let us balance the equation
In order to balance Lithium will put two against LiOH.
2 LiOH + H₂SO₃ → Li₂SO₃
Sulfur is already balanced.
To balance oxygen add water to deficient side.
2 LiOH + H₂SO₃ → Li₂SO₃ + 2H₂O
This above reaction is the balanced equation.
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Rank the following atoms and ions from least to greatest ionization energy:
Ca2+ Ar Cl- S2-
Chlorine has the highest first ionization energy.
The ionization power is a degree of the capability of detail to enter into chemical reactions requiring ion formation or donation of electrons. it is also typically associated with the character of the chemical bonding inside the compounds fashioned by using the factors. See additionally binding power; electron affinity.
In physics and chemistry, ionization electricity, ionization power is the minimum strength required to remove the most loosely certain electron of an isolated gaseous atom, wonderful ion, or molecule.
On the periodic desk, first ionization strength commonly will increase as you circulate left to right throughout a length. that is because of increasing nuclear charge, which results in the outermost electron being greater strongly certain to the nucleus.
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Select the correct answer from each drop-down menu. a molecule of chlorine has atoms of the same element, and a molecule of carbon dioxide has different kinds of atoms. based on this information, chlorine is and carbon dioxide is______ .
Chlorine is an element and carbon dioxide is a compound, this is the answer to the above question.
The matter is divided into categories using elements, compounds, and mixtures. Because all of the atoms in the simplest chemical compounds are the same size, they are referred to as elements. Compounds are made up of two or more elements that are chemically linked together in a certain sequence.
Elements, which are subcategories of atoms, may be defined by the same amount of protons. An element's atoms have the same number of protons, but its mass and number of neutrons may differ.
A compound is a substance that combines two or more distinct elemental kinds in a certain ratio of its atoms. During the process of fusion, some of the distinctive attributes of the constituent pieces are lost while the newly formed molecule picks up new traits. Compounds are represented using chemical formulae.
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Answer:
Explanation:
chlorine is an element while carbon dyxoide is a compound
The pace huttle orbiter utilize the oxidation of methyl hydrazine by dinitrogen tetroxide for propulion. 4 N2H3CH3(l) 5 N2O4(l) 12 H2O(g) 9 N2(g) 4 CO2(g)
Calculate ΔH° for thi reaction
The reaction's electron gain enthalopy is ΔH = -5591 kJ/ mol.(approximately)
What, using an example, is electron gain enthalpy?An illustration of electron gain enthalpy ,As a result, an element's second electron gain entropy is positive. For instance, energy is released whenever an electron is attached to a sulfur atom to create an S- ion, whereas energy is needed whenever an electron is attached to an S- ion to create an S2- ion.
Briefing:5N2O4 (l) + 4N2H3CH3 (l) ⇒ 12H2O (g) + 9N2 (g) + 4CO2 (g)
First, sketch the remaining product structures so that you can see the bonds. You ought to purchase the following:
H2O: H-O-H (pretend it's bent)
N2: N≡N
CO2: O=C=O
Step two is to research the average bond strengths of each component (reactants/productsbonds. )'s
Reactants:
N-N: 160 kJ/mol
N=O: 607 kJ/mol
N-O: 210 kJ/mol
N-H: 391 kJ/mol
C-N: 305 kJ/mol
C-H: 413 kJ/mol
Products:
O-H: 467 kJ/mol
N≡N: 941 kJ/mol
C=O: 799 kJ/mol (use the value with * since the bond is in CO2)
Step three is to count the quantity of each type of bond present in the reactants and products. The total bond strengths for every type of bond can then be determined by multiplying those values by the numbers in the balanced chemical equation above.
(For example, since the reactants include a total of nine N-N bonds—five from N2O4 and four from N2H3CH3—you multiply the covalent bond for N-N by nine, or nine times 160, to obtain a total of 1440 KJ/mol.)
Reactants:
N-N: 9*(160)= 1440 kJ/mol
N=O: 10*(607)= 6070 kJ/mol
N-O: 10*(210)= 2100 kJ/mol
N-H: 12*(391)= 4692 kJ/mol
C-N: 4*(305)= 1220 kJ/mol
C-H: 12*(413)= 4956 kJ/mol
Products:
O-H: 24*(467)= 11208 kJ/mol
N≡N: 9*(941)= 8469 kJ/mol
C=O: 8*(799)= 6392 kJ/mol
NOTE: In the balancing equation, I increased the binding energy for the two O-H bonds even by 12 H2O to get 24* for molecules like H2O. (467).
Add all the numbers for the reactants and the products respectively, in step four.
Reactants:
1440+6070+2100+4692+1220+4956= 20478 kJ/mol
Products:
11208+8469+6392= 26069 kJ/mol
In order to find ΔH in step five, remove the bond strengths for the product from the reactants.
ΔH= 20478 - 26069= -5591 kJ/ mol of rxn
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if 93.75% of a radioactive isotope of technetium-99 remains after 24 hours, what is the half-life?
93.75 % of the Tc sample is remaining after 24 hours. The half life of the Tc is thus, 266 hours or 11 days.
What is half life?Half life of a radioactive material is the time taken to decay its half amount. The decay constant k is related to the half life by the expression:
k = 0.693/ t1/2.
Radioactive decay is a first order reaction. Let N0 be the initial amount and Nt be the final amount and t be the time for decay, then,
k = 1/t ln (N0/Nt)
Given Nt = 93.75 %
N0 = 100%.
t = 24 hr.
K = ln (93.75 / 24 hr)/ 24 hr.
= 0.0026 hr⁻¹.
Now the half life t1/2 = 0.693 / 0.0026 hr⁻¹
= 266 hr = 11 days.
Therefore, the half life of the technetium sample is 11 days.
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how many grams of ethanol, ch3ch2ohch3ch2oh , should you dissolve in water to make 1.30 ll of vodka (which is an aqueous solution that is 6.86 mm ethanol)?
It takes 410.228 g of ethanol to dissolve in water to get 1.30l of vodka.
What disintegrates in water?Soluble refers to things that dissolve in water. Examples of soluble materials are salt and sugar. The term "insoluble" refers to substances that do not dissolve in water. Examples of insoluble substances are wheat and sand.
An organic substance is ethanol. It is an alcohol with the molecular structure C2H6O. You may alternatively write its formula as C2H5OH or CH3CH2OH. A volatile, flammable, colorless liquid known as ethanol has a distinctive flavor and smell that is similar to wine.
When making 1.30 liters of vodha, how many grams of ethanol should be dissolved in water.
Formula of ethanol is C2H5OH.
2(C) = 2(12) = 24
5(H) = 5(1) = 5
1(O) =1(16) = 16
1(H) =1(1)= 1
adding them all to get molar mass
The molar mass of ethanol is 46g/mol
The concentration is expressed in molarity or moles solute per liters solution.
The molar mass of ethanol is 46 g/mol.
To obtain a 1.3 L of vodka,
the following stoichiometric calculation is done:
6.86 mol/L * 1.3 L * (46g/mol) = 410.228 g of ethanol is needed
410.228 g of ethanol is needed to be dissolved in water.
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the difference between the atomic number of an element and the element’s atomic mass is the number of:_____.
The difference between the atomic number and the mass number is atomic number is the total number of protons of an element, and atomic mass is the total number of neutrons and protons.
What are the atomic mass and number?The nuclear charge number of an element is its atomic number. The total number of protons in the element's atoms serves as a representation of it.
The mass number of an element is often referred to as its atomic mass number and nucleon number. The mass numbers are the sum of the protons and neutrons.
The mass in protons and neutrons of an atom is expressed as a mass number, also referred to as an atomic mass unit. The atomic mass is the sum of the masses of all isotopes of a certain kind.
As a result, the atomic number of an element represents the total number of protons present, whereas the total number of neutrons and protons is represented by the atomic mass
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Using the balanced equation given below, calculate the number of moles of KCl produced along with 0.45 moles of O2. moles KCl *GIve your answer to the correct number of significant digits!
2 KClO3 --> 2 KCl + 3 O2
According to the law of conservation of mass and stoichiometry, number of moles of KCl produced along with 0.45 moles of oxygen is 2 moles of KCl.
What is law of conservation of mass?According to law of conservation of mass, it is evident that mass is neither created nor destroyed rather it is restored at the end of a chemical reaction .
Law of conservation of mass and energy are related as mass and energy are directly proportional which is indicated by the equation E=mc².Concept of conservation of mass is widely used in field of chemistry, fluid dynamics.
As according to the equation, 245.1 g of potassium chlorate produces 149.1 g of KCl and 48 g of oxygen
∴245.1 g of potassium chlorate produces 244.65 g of KCl along with 7.2 g of oxygen .
In terms of moles, 2 moles of potassium chlorate produces 2 moles of KCl as number of moles=mass/molar mass that is, 149.1/74.55=2
Thus, the number of moles of KCl produced is 2 moles.
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