Membrane proteins that extend through the lipid bilayer are called integral proteins and have hydrophobic regions that are exposed to the interior of the bilayer. On the other hand, membrane-associated proteins do not span the bilayer and instead associate with the membrane through an α helix that is amphipathic. Other proteins are covalently attached to lipid molecules that are inserted in the membrane.
Integral proteins are membrane proteins that are permanently attached to the cell membrane. These proteins are amphipathic and are made up of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic amino acid residues. The hydrophobic amino acids allow the protein to embed into the lipid bilayer while the hydrophilic amino acids reside in the cytoplasm or extracellular fluid of the cell.
Integral proteins can span the entire lipid bilayer or only partially through the membrane. Membrane-associated proteinsMembrane-associated proteins are proteins that are associated with the cell membrane but do not extend through the lipid bilayer. Instead, these proteins are anchored to the membrane through an amphipathic α-helix or a hydrophobic region that interacts with the hydrophobic portion of the membrane.
Lipid-anchored proteinsLipid-anchored proteins are proteins that are covalently attached to a lipid molecule, which is inserted into the cell membrane. There are three types of lipid anchors: glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI), prenyl, and fatty acid. These proteins can either be attached to the extracellular or cytoplasmic side of the membrane, depending on the location of the lipid anchor.
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nad is directly involved a) only glycolysis b) only ppp c) both pathways d) neither pathway
NAD (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is directly involved in (C) both glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP).
In glycolysis, NAD acts as a coenzyme and plays a crucial role in the redox reactions of the pathway. During the conversion of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate, [tex]NAD^{+}[/tex] is reduced to NADH. This reduction reaction allows NADH to carry high-energy electrons to the electron transport chain for ATP production.
In the pentose phosphate pathway, [tex]NADP^{+}[/tex] (a phosphorylated form of NAD) serves as a coenzyme. [tex]NADP^{+}[/tex]is utilized in the oxidative phase of the pathway to facilitate the oxidation of glucose-6-phosphate to generate NADPH. NADPH is an important reducing agent used in biosynthetic processes, antioxidant defense, and reductive reactions within the cell.
Therefore, NAD is directly involved in both glycolysis (in the form of NADH) and the pentose phosphate pathway (in the form of [tex]NADP^{+}[/tex] and NADPH). The correct answer is option C) both pathways.
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do you agreed that cell is a building unit of organism yes explain why?class 9
Answer:
It can be, but not really
Explanation:
This is because cells can be the building block of an organism, e.g. humans, but they can also be their own separate organism, such as a bacteria.
Ferns tend to live in which of the following habitats?"
moist and sunny
moist and shady
O dry and sunny
Odry and shady
Answer:
Moist and shaddy
Explanation:
A false-positive csf serologic test for neurosyphilis in a treated patient can occur if:
A false-positive CSF serologic test for neurosyphilis in a treated patient can occur due to various factors. These factors include contamination, serologic cross-reactivity, the persistence of nontreponemal antibodies, a rebound phenomenon, and biological false positives (BFPs).
A false-positive CSF serologic test for neurosyphilis in a treated patient can occur due to various factors. These factors include contamination, serologic cross-reactivity, the persistence of nontreponemal antibodies, a rebound phenomenon, and biological false positives (BFPs). The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) serologic test is a significant diagnostic tool used in the diagnosis of neurosyphilis. However, it has been observed that this test can produce false-positive results, even in treated patients. This can occur due to various reasons, including contamination, serologic cross-reactivity, the persistence of nontreponemal antibodies, a rebound phenomenon, and biological false positives (BFPs).Contamination: This is one of the most common reasons for false-positive results in CSF serologic tests. This can occur due to errors during the collection, transport, and processing of the specimen. Even minor contamination can lead to false-positive results in these tests. Therefore, it is essential to ensure that the sample is appropriately collected, handled, and processed.Serologic cross-reactivity: Another reason for false-positive results in CSF serologic tests is serologic cross-reactivity. This occurs when the antibody produced in response to an infection or vaccination reacts with the antigen of another microorganism. In the case of neurosyphilis, cross-reactivity can occur with other spirochetes such as Borrelia burgdorferi, which causes Lyme disease.The persistence of nontreponemal antibodies: The nontreponemal antibodies produced in response to syphilis can persist even after the treatment. These antibodies can lead to false-positive results in the CSF serologic test, even though the patient has been adequately treated. Therefore, the presence of nontreponemal antibodies should be taken into account while interpreting the test results.A rebound phenomenon: The rebound phenomenon is another reason for false-positive results in CSF serologic tests. This phenomenon occurs when there is a rapid decrease in the antibody titer after the treatment, followed by a rapid increase. This can lead to false-positive results, even if the patient has been adequately treated.Biological false positives (BFPs): BFPs are a rare phenomenon that can lead to false-positive results in CSF serologic tests. This can occur due to a genetic mutation or immunological condition that leads to the production of an antibody that reacts with the antigen in the serologic test.
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Please help will mark brainlest
Which of these statements best describes a similarity between respiration and diffusion?
Both absorb carbon from the atmosphere.
Both release carbon into the atmosphere.
Both increase the level of carbon in the biosphere.
Both increase the level of carbon in the geosphere.
Answer:
Both release carbon into the atmosphere.Explanation:
Diffusion is the process whereby gases move from an area of high pressure to low pressure. This includes- Internal respiration - this is the movement in the internal tissues between cells and capillaries, and - External respiration - when gas is exchanged between the alveoli and lung capillaries. Perfusion refers to the blood flow to tissues and organs. Alveoli are perfused by capillaries so the diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide can take place.
Answer: Both release carbon into the atmosphere.
Explanation:
WILL GIVE BRAINLIEST IF CORRECT AND 66 POINTS
A small creek runs through a mature forest, keeping the soil around the creek damp all year. A variety of ferns and several flowering plants thrive in this shady, moist area. Along the higher ground above the creek, many species of flowering plants that need less water grow. If a farmer diverted the creek to water his fields, causing the creek to dry up, what would be the most likely long-term consequence for the ferns and angiosperms in the forest?
The ferns would outcompete the angiosperms in the forest since they can tolerate a wider range of moisture conditions than angiosperms.
The angiosperms and the ferns would not be affected since their thick, waxy cuticle coverings would protect them from drying out.
The angiosperms would outcompete the ferns since their sperm do not need moist conditions to get to their eggs as ferns do.
The ferns and angiosperms would begin to produce spores instead of seeds since the spores are better able to survive dry conditions.
Answer:
The ferns would outcompete the angiosperms in the forest since they can tolerate a wider range of moisture conditions than angiosperms.
Explanation:
issues of food insecurity in high income countries
Not sure i guess people are just insecure to eat in front of people
List the changes that occur in the zygote after fertilization that contribute to human development
Answer:
Hello! Sorry i am late! Here is my best answer below.
Fertilization happens when a sperm cell successfully meets an egg cell in the fallopian tube. Once fertilization takes place, this newly fertilized cell is called a zygote. From here, the zygote will move down the fallopian tube and into the uterus. The zygote then burrows into the uterus lining.
Explanation:
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<3 <3 <3
Which of the following describes a mechanism by which microtubules are known to be statſilized? a) Shortening of the GTP cap. b) Increasing the proportion of alpha-tubulin subunits relative to beta-tubulin subunits. c) Binding of microtubule binding proteins, such as Tau. d) Conformational changes undertaken by beta-tubulin as it bhydrolyzes GTP.
Microtubule stabilisation is known to occur through the interaction of microtubule-binding proteins like Tau. Hence (c) is the correct opton.
Cell division, ciliogenesis, and intracellular trafficking are three crucial eukaryotic processes that are mediated by microtubules, which are cytoskeletal elements. They come together from -tubulin heterodimers and separate through a process known as dynamic instability that is triggered by GTP hydrolysis. They have a role in a number of cell motions, including as some types of cell motility, the intracellular movement of organelles, and the division of the chromosomes during mitosis, in addition to determining the shape of the cell. These findings imply that GTP functions in microtubule assembly by first giving tubulin a conformation that is conducive to polymerization, and then by hydrolyzing GTP bound to tubulin to irreversibly change the balance in favour of polymerization.
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T/F. short wavelengths from high-pitched sounds cause displacement of the basilar membrane near the oval window.
The statement "short wavelengths from high-pitched sounds cause displacement of the basilar membrane near the oval window" is true.
To provide a more accurate explanation:
The cochlea, a spiral-shaped structure in the inner ear, plays a crucial role in the process of hearing. Within the cochlea, the basilar membrane is a key component that vibrates in response to sound waves.
When sound waves enter the ear, they travel through the auditory system and reach the cochlea. The oval window, which is located at the base of the cochlea, receives these sound vibrations and sets the fluid inside the cochlea into motion. This motion causes the basilar membrane to vibrate.
The basilar membrane is structured in a way that it varies in width and stiffness along its length. This variation allows different regions of the basilar membrane to respond selectively to different frequencies of sound. The base of the cochlea, near the oval window, is narrower and stiffer, while the apex of the cochlea is wider and more flexible.
High-pitched sounds, which have short wavelengths and higher frequencies, specifically cause displacement of the basilar membrane near the base of the cochlea, close to the oval window. This region of the basilar membrane is more responsive to high-frequency sounds. As a result, the basilar membrane near the oval window detects and responds to these short-wavelength, high-pitched sounds.
In summary, short wavelengths from high-pitched sounds cause displacement of the basilar membrane near the oval window, as this region is specifically responsive to high-frequency sounds.
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Which statement describes a main characteristic that separates members of the domain Eukarya from the domains of Bacteria and Archaea? a. Eukarya are able to reproduce. b. Eukarya are able to photosynthesize. c. Eukarya have cells that contain a nucleus. d. Eukarya are made from more than one cell.
Answer: it’s actually D
Explanation:
Main characteristic that separates members of the domain Eukarya from the domains of Bacteria and Archaea is that eukarya have cells that contain a nucleus.
What are Eukarya?Eukarya are organisms with cells which contains a nuclei.
This nuclei or nucleus are membrane bound organelles.
Unlike bacteria, their nucleus is well bounded in a membrane.Therefore, Eukarya have cells that contain a nucleus.
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According to catastrophists what was the rate of geological change?
!PLEASE ANSWER ASAP! How much of farmed aquaculture in the US consists of oysters?
two thirds
Explanation:
2 Lin sulks during the first week of rehearsals because she is – A tired from working on the set B bored with her duties as a designer C confused about the directions given to her D disappointed with the assignment she received
Answer:
skull tropper
Explanation:
I got it from the guy from fortnite
The most likely reason(s) a metastatic tumor cell might lose its connection to the basal lamina would be: a change in the integrin proteins from the cell's surface. a change in the cadherin proteins on the cell surface. a change in connexins disrupting gap junctions. All of these choices are correct.
Answer:
A change in the integrin proteins from the cell's surface.
Explanation:
Integrin proteins' principal function is to attach the cell to the basal lamina. Also, they transmit signals from the extracellular matrix to the interior of the cell. A change in the integrin could result in loss of connection between the mutated cell and the basal lamina.
Cadherin proteins connect one cell to another. A change in these proteins will not result in the loss of connection between the metastatic tumor cell and its extracellular matrix. It most likely will affect the communication and adhesion of cells.
A change in connexins will disrupt the communication between cells but not the connection to the lamina basal. Connexins are transmembrane proteins that connect one cell to another with gap junctions that allow the passage of different components from cell to cell.
Can throat cancer be inherited?
Most throat cancers are generally related to smoking and not hereditary, unless the family members are predisposed to smoking.
a 30 rock cut cave monuments famous for its murals
Ineeditnow
Answer:
Ajanta Caves
Explanation:
_____ in carbon dioxide in your red blood cells, which causes _____ in pH, causes your breathing to speed up. See Concept 42.6 (Page) View Available Hint(s) _____ in carbon dioxide in your red blood cells, which causes _____ in pH, causes your breathing to speed up. See Concept 42.6 (Page) A decrease ... a drop An increase ... a rise An increase ... a drop A decrease ... a rise Actually, it is the rise and fall of oxygen, not carbon dioxide, that controls breathing.
Answer:
1 An increase
2 A drop
Explanation:
In mice, agouti coloration (A) is a dominant trait for fur color over black fur
(aA Punnett square diagram is provided. A particular generation of
offspring has a ratio of three agouti individuals to one black individual.
Which of the following genotype combinations is possible for the parent
A: aa x aa
B: AA x Ar
C:Aa x Aa
D: AA x AA
Answer:
C. Aa x Aa
Explanation:
According to this question, one gene coding for fur coloration in mice is involved. The allele for agouti coloration (A) is a dominant trait over black fur (a). This means that a heterozygote mouse will have an agouti coloration.
Based on this question, two parents were crossed to produce offsprings that have a ratio of three agouti individuals (3) to one black individual (1). Based on this phenotypic ratio, only parents that are both heterozygous for the fur color gene can produce it. That is, a cross between Aa and Aa mice parent. Hence, the genotype combination of Aa × Aa is possible for the parent to produce offsprings with 3 Agouti : 1 black.
Answer: C) Aa x Aa
I got it right!
Which of the following is the correct binomial format? O Genus species O Phylum class O Species O Order family
The correct option is A, The correct binomial format is "Genus species."
Genus species is a scientific naming convention used in taxonomy to classify and categorize living organisms. It represents the two main levels of classification below the higher taxonomic ranks of family, order, class, phylum, and kingdom. The genus refers to a group of closely related species that share common characteristics and ancestry. It is always capitalized and italicized when written in scientific literature.
The species name, on the other hand, is a specific epithet that further distinguishes individual organisms within a genus. It is written in lowercase and also italicized. The combination of the genus and species names provides a unique binomial nomenclature for each organism, enabling scientists to communicate and identify species consistently. For example, Homo sapiens represents the genus Homo (including humans and their close relatives) and the species sapiens, which is specific to modern humans.
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PLZ HELP 25 POINTS!!!
Give an example of how Eubacteria can be harmful. Explain.
Answer: However, bacteria can also cause disease. Examples of bacterial diseases include tetanus, syphilis, and food poisoning. Bacteria may spread directly from one person to another. For example, they can spread through touching, coughing, or sneezing. Some Eubacteria can induce serious diseases such as tuberculosis, meningitis, anthrax, leprosy, cholera and tetanus. Antibiotics disrupt normal functioning of bacterial ribosomes or synthesis of the cell wall and prevent further multiplication of bacteria in the body.
Explanation:
The Gulf of Mexico dead zone is an area of hypoxic waters at the mouth of the Mississippi River. Its area varies in size, but can cover up to 6,000-7,000 square miles. The zone occurs between the inner and mid-continental shelf in the northern Gulf of Mexico, beginning at the Mississippi River delta and extending westward to the upper Texas coast. Thousands of farms are located along the Mississippi River and its tributaries and as water washes into the river after a heavy rain, it brings with it nutrients from fertilizers added to farmland. These materials flow downriver and eventually enter the Gulf of Mexico, where they create conditions for a dead zone: an area of low to no oxygen that results in the death of fish and other marine life. The Gulf of Mexico is a major source area for the seafood industry. The Gulf supplies 72% of U.S. harvested shrimp, 66% of harvested oysters, and 16% of commercial fish. Consequently, if the hypoxic zone continues or worsens, fishermen and coastal state economies will be greatly impacted. What can be done to minimize the Gulf dead zone? Choose ALL that could apply. A) Control of animal wastes so that they are not allowed to enter into waterways. B) Adjust the timing of fertilizer applications to limit runoff of excess nutrients from farmland. C) Monitor septic systems and sewage treatment facilities to reduce discharge of nutrients to surface water and groundwater. D) Restrict land use in the areas surrounding the Mississippi delta to exclude industrial sites. E) Counter the effects of fertilizers on algal growth in the Gulf with the use of chemical herbicides.
The things that should be done to minimize the Gulf dead zone include:
A. Control of animal wastes so that they are not allowed to enter into waterways. B. Adjust the timing of fertilizer applications to limit runoff of excess nutrients from farmland.E. Counter the effects of fertilizers on algal growth in the Gulf with the use of chemical herbicides.It should be noted that it's important to manage nutrients efficiently in farmlands through the restoration of wetlands in order to capture nutrients and then reduce runoff.
In order to minimize the Gulf dead zone, there should be control of animal wastes so that they are not allowed to enter into waterways. Also, there should be an adjustment of the timing of fertilizer applications to limit runoff of excess nutrients from farmland.
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What is a negative feedback loop? Provide an example NOT related to Biology. (I will give brainliest)
Answer:
Examples of processes that utilise negative feedback loops include homeostatic systems, such as Thermoregulation if body temperature changes, mechanisms are induced to restore normal levels) Blood sugar regulation (insulin lowers blood glucose when levels are high glucagon raises blood glucose when levels are low)
Explanation:
Answer: A negative feedback loop is basically a procedure that uses criticism to make positive changes to a process
Mom has O blood and dad has O blood. What blood type(s) will their children have?
Answer:
A mother who is blood type O can only pass an O allele to her son or daughter. A father who is blood type AB could pass either an A or a B allele to his son or daughter.
Explanation:
Hope this helped :)
1
The gummy bears not placed in water or salt water serves as a control for comparison.
True
False
2
A gummy bear placed in salt water swells (becomes larger) since the salt enters the gummy bear.
True
False
3
Diffusion is defined as the movement from an area of high concentration to low concentration.
True
False
1. True
The statement is True. The gummy bears not placed in water or salt water serves as a control for comparison. 2. TrueA gummy bear placed in salt water swells (becomes larger) since the salt enters the gummy bear.
3. TrueDiffusion is defined as the movement from an area of high concentration to low concentration.More than 100 refers to any number greater than 100. It could be 101, 300, 5,000, and so on. It is a general statement that specifies that the number is more than a hundred, indicating that the number could be any value that is greater than 100.
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The diagram shows part of an aquatic food web
for a stable lake ecosystem in Connecticut.
Turtles
Large fish
Small fish
Aquatic insects
Tadpoles
Water fleas
Rotifers
Algae
What is the source of energy for the algae?
A waves
B. sunlight
C. bacteria
D. rotifers, water fleas and tadpoles
Answer:
Sunlight
Explanation:
I just got it wrong because of the wacko below or above me gave me the wrong answer
Algae possess chlorophyll in their cells. They use carbon dioxide in a manner that is analogous to how we use food. Thus, option B is correct.
What is a characteristic feature of algae?By converting light energy to chemical energy through the process of photosynthesis, carbon dioxide and water are transformed into organic molecules.
Nearly all algae engage in the process, and in fact, much of what is currently known about photosynthesis was first uncovered through research on the green alga Chlorella.
Like other plants, algae benefit from sunlight, therefore denying them of it will limit or even completely stop their growth. For several days, completely shading the tank or aquarium from light is essential.
Therefore, algae require sunshine because algae can photosynthesize, or use sunlight to change carbon dioxide into biological material.
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Astronomy. Tonight June 16 2022
6. What are four of the brightest stars visible in the sky tonight?
7. Locate and record all zodiacal constellations that are visible tonight (full or partial).
8. Locate and record four non-zodiacal constellations that are visible tonight.
9. Locate and record two asterisms that are visible tonight
The four brightest stars that are visible in the sky tonight on June 16, 2022 are Vega, Arcturus, Capella, and Sirius. These four stars are very bright and have been used for navigation since ancient times. Now, let's look at the other details mentioned in the question.
Zodiacal constellations that are visible tonight are as follows:
1. Taurus
2. Gemini
3. Cancer
4. Leo
5. Virgo
6. Libra
7. Scorpius
8. Sagittarius
9. Capricornus
10. Aquarius
11. Pisces
12. Aries
Four non-zodiacal constellations that are visible tonight are:
1. Orion
2. Cassiopeia
3. Ursa Major
4. Canis Major
Two asterisms that are visible tonight are:
1. The Big Dipper
2. The Little Dipper
The Big Dipper and the Little Dipper are both asterisms found in the Ursa Major constellation. The Big Dipper is a seven-star pattern that looks like a spoon or dipper. The Little Dipper is a smaller asterism that looks like a ladle, with Polaris (the North Star) at the end of its handle.
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Which phylum to not have an internal or external skeleton or shell?
Answer:
exoskeleton (from Greek έξω, éxō "outer" and σκελετός, skeletós "skeleton"[1]) is the external skeleton that supports and protects an animal's body, in contrast to the internal skeleton (endoskeleton) of, for example, a human. In usage, some of the larger kinds of exoskeletons are known as "shells". Examples of animals with exoskeletons include insects such as grasshoppers and cockroaches, and crustaceans such as crabs and lobsters, as well as the shells of certain sponges and the various groups of shelled molluscs, including those of snails, clams, tusk shells, chitons and nautilus. Some animals, such as the tortoise and turtle (shell page), have both an endoskeleton and an exoskeleton.
Answer:
Phylum Cnidaria
Explanation:
They do not have internal or external skeleton.
Please help ASAP
Which of these is NOT an example of an environmental factor that can affect an organism's growth?
Inheriting the gene for purple flower petals
or
Limited or no shelter/space to nurture offspring
or
inadequate sunlight
or
insufficient access to water or nutrients
Chloroplasts do photosynthesis in which plant structure?
A. stem
B. leaves
C. roots