Answer:
23 chromosomes
After meiosis II, when each parent cell gets divided into two gametes each gamete cell contains 23 chromosomes. In this phase, each gamete remains haploid in nature. At the end of meiosis II, each cell will have the half number of the actual chromosome i.e. 23 chromosomes.
Explanation:
A cell with 10 chromosomes undergoes mitosis. The number of chromosomes that each of the new cells will have is c. 10 chromosomes each. Mitotic division results in two daughter cells with an identical chromosomal number and genetic content to the parental cell. Each daughter cell will have four chromosomes at the end of meiosis. The phase represented in the diagram is of Metaphase II of Meiosis II, during Anaphase II, sister chromatids are moved to opposite poles, with each pole/then the cell will have 4 chromatids/chromosomes. Was this answer helpful?
Arrange the steps of the contraction cycle in the correct order from left to right.
Step 1: Contraction Cycle Begins
Begins with the arrival of calcium ions within the zone of overlap
Step 2: Active-Site Exposure
Calcium ions bind to troponin, weakening the bond between actin and the troponin-tropomyosin complex.
This reaction leads to the exposure of the active sites on the actin molecules of the thin filaments.
Step 3: Cross-Bridge Formation
Once the active sites are exposed, the energized myosin heads bind to them, forming cross bridges.
Step 4: Myosin Head Pivoting
After cross-bridge formation, the stored energy is used to pivot the myosin head toward the M line. This action is called the power stroke, when it occurs, the bound ADP and phosphate group are released.
Step 5: Cross-Bridge Detachment
When another ATP binds to the myosin head, the link between the myosin head and the active site on the actin molecule is broken.
The active site in now exposed and able to form another cross bridge.
Step 6: Myosin Reactivation
Myosin reactivation occurs when the free myosin head splits ATP into ADP and P.
What is contraction cycle?
The muscle contracts in a pattern of repeated joining and releasing between the two thin and thick strands of the sarcomere. ATP is important for preparing myosin for binding and 'loading' of myosin.
ATP first binds to myosin, putting it in a high energy state. ATP is hydrolyzed to ADP and inorganic phosphate (Pi) by the enzyme ATPase. The energy released during ATP hydrolysis changes the angle of the myosin head to a 'tilted' position, ready to bind to actin when the site becomes available. ADP and Pi remain connected. Myosin exists in a high energy configuration.
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once a substance is separated from the blood by the glomerulus, it is excreted in the urine.
False, once a substance is separated from the blood by the glomerulus it is not excreted in the urine.
A blood clot is a mass of blood that forms whilst platelets, proteins, and cells within the blood stick together. When you get harm, your frame forms a blood clot to prevent the bleeding. After the bleeding stops and recovery takes location, your body normally breaks down and gets rid of the blood clot.
Blood clotting, additionally known as coagulation, is an critical manner that reduces bleeding while we're injured. It occurs each time a blood vessel is broken, whether the injury is a scratch at the skin or something more critical.
There are two fundamental forms of clots:
Thrombus: Blood clots may be desk bound. which means they do not move. but they are able to block blood waft. doctors name this form of clot a thrombosis.
Embolus: Blood clots also can destroy loose. docs call those embolisms. they're risky due to the fact they are able to travel to other elements of the body.
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Where did information processing become increasingly centered in terrestrial vertebrates?.
Answer:
forebrain
Explanation:
which of the answer choices is responsible for the increased growth of algae in the dead zones?
The things responsible for the increased growth of algae in the dead zones: Elevated phosphorous and nitrogen in the water
What are dead zones ?The term "dead zone" is most frequently used to describe hypoxia, which is a low oxygen content in the water.
Low-oxygen, or hypoxic, regions can be found in the world's oceans and lakes. Few organisms are able to thrive in hypoxic environments because most creatures require oxygen to survive.
These regions are known as "dead zones" for this reason.
The oceans and major lakes of the world contain hypoxic zones. Aquatic life begins to adapt its behavior to reach areas of water with higher oxygen levels when a body of water faces hypoxic circumstances.
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thrombopoietin (tpo) is a hormone which stimulates the differentiation, maturation, and release of platelets from the bone marrow. which organs produce this hormone?
Thrombopoietin(TPO) is a hormone which stimulates differentiation, maturation and release of platelets from bone marrow. Organ which produce this hormone is liver.
What is Thrombopoietin?Thrombopoietin (TPO) is a 332 amino acid glycoprotein made in the liver that stimulates the formation of megakaryocytes from CFU-Meg.
TPO is physiologically relevant regulator of platelet production that acts to amplify the basal production rate of megakaryocytes and platelets.
Thrombopoietin is produced in the liver by both parenchymal cells and sinusoidal endothelial cells, as well as in the kidney by proximal convoluted tubule cells but small amounts are made by striated muscle and bone marrow stromal cells.
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ecori a 6-cutter. theoretically, how often does it cut in a long stretch of dna given that each nucleotide has a 0.25 chance to appear in a position?
Given that every nucleotide has a 0.25 probability of appearing in a position 0.0002 in the DNA, it sliced through a lengthy section of it.
Why is DNA important, and what does it do?The biological codes that give each species its individuality are found in a molecule called deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). During reproduction, mature organisms transmit their DNA to their progeny in addition to the instructions it carries.
why does a person have DNA?All creatures are composed of genes, which are found in DNA. DNA's capacity for recurrent self-replication is its most crucial property. In order to create new cells, convey genetic information from parents to children, and code for RNA (ribonucleic acid), which is needed to create proteins, DNA must be replicated.
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at the division level, what integration cell is most likely responsible for conducting rdsp and issuing fragords based upon a change in the plan?
At the division level, integration cell that is most likely responsible for conducting RDSP and issuing FRAGORDS is based upon a change in the plan current operations (CUOPs).
What does current operation mean?Current operation is essential for translating plans to order and then eventually execution of combat operations.
Current operations helps to maintain a balanced perspective in setting conditions and the planning capacity should manage situations like causality evacuation.
CUOPS is defined as the focal point for the execution of operations. This involves assessing current situation while regulating forces and WfFs in accordance with mission, commander's intent and concept of operations.” CUOPS is an organization comprised of all WfFs.
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What is the part of the cell cycle process by which chromosomes in a cell nucleus are separated into two identical sets of chromosomes, each in its own nucleus? Responses A meiosis.meiosis. B mitosis.mitosis. C cytokinesis.cytokinesis. D telekinesis.telekinesis.
The part of the cell cycle that processes by which chromosomes in a cell nucleus are separated into two identical sets of chromosomes, each in its own nucleus is known as Mitosis. Thus, the correct option for this question is B.
What is the Cell cycle?The cell cycle may be defined as the entire sequence of events that may happen from the end of one nuclear division to the beginning of the next. The complete cell cycle is divided into two phases. They are as follows;
Interphase.M phase (Division phase).During interphase, the cell prepares for division by increasing its size and replicating genetic material. While the M phase involves the division of the cell nucleus. By the M phase, chromosomes present in the nucleus are separated into two daughter nuclei which leads to the formation of genetically identical daughter cells.
Therefore, the correct option for this question is B.
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contraction of this type of skeletal muscle, categorized as _________ muscles, increases the angle between their attached bones.
Skeletal muscle is found throughout the body, attached to bones via tendons
How are skeletal muscles attached to bones quizlet?Most skeletal muscles are attached to two bones through tendons. Tendons are tough bands of dense regular connective tissue whose strong collagen fibers firmly attach muscles to bones.Skeletal muscles are the voluntary muscles which help in the movement of the body. These muscles contract and relax in response to the impulse received at the neuromuscular junction.Muscles contraction takes place due to the hydrolysis of ATP which causes sliding of the actin and myosin. The myosin pulls on the actin which contracts the muscles, this contracted muscles pull on the tendons and cause movement.Skeletal muscles are attached to the skeleton by tough connective tis sues calle d tendons(see Figure above). Many skeletal muscles are attached to the ends of bones that meet at a joint. The muscles span the joint and connect the bones. When the muscles contract, they pull on the bones, causing them to move.To learn more about skeletal refer to:
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explain why food molecules need to be broken down into smaller molecules to get energy from them in biological systems.
Before our cells can utilise the proteins, lipids, and polysaccharides that make up the majority of the food molecules we consume—either as a source of energy or as building blocks for other molecules—they must be divided into smaller molecules.
Why do food molecules get broken down by cells?Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), an energy-rich compound that absorbs the chemical energy obtained from the breakdown of food molecules and releases it to fuel other cellular processes, is one goal of the degradation of foodstuffs. ATP is created when the energy contained in chemical bonds is converted from one form to another.
How does the breakdown of food molecules affect energy?As the food molecules are broken down, the energy holding them together is released, and the cell temporarily stores this released energy.
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if the somatic cells of a kookoburra bird has 38 chromosomes, the number of non-somatic cell chromosomes would be..?
A 2n chromosome number, in this case 38, are present in the cell during the G1 phase of Interphase. Each chromosome does have a sister chromatid by the time the cell enters the G2 phase, indicating that it has
What is the purpose of a chromosome?The highest level of organization for DNA and proteins is found in chromosomes. Chromosomes' primary role is to transport DNA and pass genetic material from one set of parents to another. During cell division, chromosomes are crucial. They guard the DNA against tangles and damage.
Is DNA present on a chromosome?Histones are proteins made from DNA that has been tightly wrapped several times to support the structure of each chromosome. Chromosomes cannot be seen inside a cell's nucleus while it is not dividing, not even under a microscope.
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PLSSS HELP IF YOU TURLY KNOW THISS
Answer:
B, polluting.
flooding is Natural, documenting wouldn't hurt anything,and photographing wouldn't hurt anything.
Answer:
pollutiong
Explanation:
polluting is when some habitat is getting harmed by a chemical or physical substance such as acid or things like plastic
specialization can be both limiting and beneficial. how would a plant species benefit from a pollinator that only visits the flowers of that plant species?(1 point)
Less competition from other species for pollinators.
A plant's likelihood of having its pollen distributed rises when a large number of pollinators visit it, according to the mechanism of generalisation (Brosi 2016). These generalist pollinators can then gather resources from a variety of plants once they become active in a patch.
The generalist nature of the majority of plant-pollinator interactions and this need for specialisation appear to be at odds. At various levels of biological hierarchy, specialisation and generalisation coexist simultaneously in many states and are dynamic—not fixed.
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Dear dr. sattari, we have concluded that the spiders have different traits for silk flexibility because the offspring inherited different combinations of gene versions from their parents. the evidence supports this claim because:_____.
Random recombination of genes has been implicated in altered silk flexibility in spider progeny.
It is also characterized by the flexibility of silk. All Darwin bark spiders have this property (they all have spider silk that is somewhat flexible), but some spiders produce silk that is more flexible than others. , medium and low silk flexibility are different characteristics of silk flexibility function. Silk is made from strands of protein called fibroin, which are rolled up into strong, flexible fibers unlike any material that humans have been able to create. Trait changes can be caused by changes in protein molecules within an individual's cells. The structure of a protein molecule affects its function and how it binds to other molecules. Spider silk is composed of proteins, and the bonds between these molecules affect the flexibility of silk.
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Answer
Hi
Explanation:
identify
2. What are the positive and negative aspects of the world showed in the movie? List at least two positive and two negative aspects.
gattaca
Less sickness; brighter, stronger, and more productive people are some positive characteristics of the film.
Negative features of the movie include social turmoil and a lack of genetic diversity.
What are the positive and negative aspects of movies ?It entirely depends on the film.
Everyone has a tendency to imitate, thus when one witnesses a movie star performing an act, they attempt to mimic it.
The benefits of movies include:
1. Increasing Knowledge (Historical Movies or Biography)
2. Improving your analytical capacity (By watching Suspense Movies)
The first negative effect of movies on society is caused by their sexual content.
2. The way one speaks to his elder indecently. The Kids might process in a different way.
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100 POINTS!!
An organism's ability to maintain balance and stability within its vital internal systems is best referred to as what
process?
Question 6 options:
mitosis
homeostasis
photosynthesis
asexual reproduction
Which helps a paramecium maintain homeostasis in aquatic environments.
Question 7 options:
contractile vacuole
macronucleus
mitochondria
eyespot
Question 8 (4 points)
When placed into a solution that is 30% water and 70% salt, what would happen to a cell that has a 70% water concentration?
Question 8 options:
The cell will maintain its 70% water concentration and remain the same size.
The cell will lose water and shrink to reach equilibrium with the environment.
The cell will take in water and swell to reach equilibrium with the environment.
The cell will maintain its 70% water concentration and swell to allow for some salt to enter the cell to reach
equilibrium with the environment.
Question 9 (4 points)
Which uses energy to maintain cellular homeostasis?
Question 9 options:
passive transport of ions into a cell
movement of a solute from low to high concentration
movement of a solute from high to low concentration
water flowing into a cell until it reaches the same concentration as water surrounding the cell
Question 10 (4 points)
Root cells must pump ions inward so they maintain homeostasis. This is considered what type of transport?
Question 10 options:
passive
diffusion
osmosis
active
Question 11 (4 points)
A student noticed that placing wilted lettuce in a bowl of cool water caused the lettuce to become more crisp and firm.
What is the best explanation for his observation?
Question 11 options:
water moved into the lettuce cells by active transport
water moved out of the lettuce by osmosis
water moved into the lettuce by osmosis
salt moved into the lettuce by diffusion
Question 12 (4 points)
An animal cell with a concentration of 7% dissolved sugars, salts, and other substances is placed in a cup containing a
15% sugar solution.
What would a student most likely observe after 30 minutes?
Question 12 options:
Water molecules will move into the cell causing it to swell.
Water molecules will move out of the cell causing it to shrivel.
The dissolved substances will move out of the cell causing it to shrivel.
The dissolved sugars in the cup will move into the cell causing it to burst.
Question 13 (4 points)
Which factor affects osmosis through a membrane?
Question 13 options:
how fast the carrier proteins move substances through the plasma membrane
how slow the carrier proteins move substances through the plasma membrane
concentration of water on one side of the membrane and the permeability of the membrane
concentration of water on both sides of the membrane and the permeability of the membrane
Question 14 (4 points)
Each beaker shown below contains an amphibian egg collected from one of four different locations.
Which of these beakers contains an egg that would shrink?
Question 14 options:
1
2
3
4
Question 15 (4 points)
A cell with a 10% salt concentration is placed into a beaker that contains a 20% salt concentration. The cell shrinks,
as shown in the diagram below.
which part of the cell controls the movement of substances?
Question 15 options:
mitochondria
cell membrane
chloroplast
nucleus
Question 16 (4 points)
Which component of the cell membrane functions to actively transport molecules into the cell?
Question 16 options:
carbohydrate
cytoplasm
phospholipid
protein
Question 17 (4 points)
What part of the phospholipid is most likely to reject water molecules?
Question 17 options:
hydrophobic lipid tails
proteins
hydrophilic phospho-head
carbohydrate chain
Question 18 (4 points)
A student is given a beaker full of water and a pipette with food coloring. The student dropped the food coloring into the water beaker. The student observed the food coloring beginning to disperse into the water. What process was most likely happening?
Question 18 options:
diffusion
osmosis
active transport
replication
Question 19 (3 points)
In which ways are prokaryotes and eukaryotes similar?
Question 19 options:
They both contain DNA
They both contain a nucleus
They both are highly complex
They both have membrane bound organelles
Question 20 (3 points)
Which function would an algal cell not be able to perform if its chloroplasts removed?
Question 20 options:
cellular respiration
protein synthesis
storage and transport
photosynthesis
The answers include the following below:
An organism's ability to maintain balance and stability within its vital internal systems is best referred to as homeostasis.Contractile vacuole helps a paramecium maintain homeostasis in aquatic environments.When placed into a solution that is 30% water and 70% salt, a cell that has a 70% water concentration will maintain its 70% water concentration and swell to allow for some salt to enter the cell to reach equilibrium with the environment.Movement of a solute from low to high concentration uses energy to maintain cellular homeostasis. Root cells must pump ions inward so they maintain homeostasis which is regarded as active transport.A student noticed that placing wilted lettuce in a bowl of cool water caused the lettuce to become more crisp and firm because water moved into the lettuce by osmosis.An animal cell with a concentration of 7% dissolved sugars, salts, and other substances is placed in a cup containing a 15% sugar solution which will result in the water molecules moving out of the cell causing it to shrivel.The factor which affects osmosis through a membrane is concentration of water on both sides of the membrane and the permeability of the membraneEach beaker shown below contains an amphibian egg collected from one of four different locations.The beakers which contains an egg that would shrink is beaker 3.The part of the cell which controls the movement of substances is cell membrane.The component of the cell membrane which functions to actively transport molecules into the cell is protein.The part of the phospholipid which is most likely to reject water molecules is hydrophobic lipid tails.What is Osmosis?This is referred to as the movement of solvent from a region of lower solute concentration to a region of higher solute concentration through a semi-permeable membrane.
This is responsible for the movement of different types of molecules in and out of the cells.
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cells synthesize a variety of complex molecules to include proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and carbohydrates. a large majority of the molecules that cells make are proteins. which three organelles are most involved in synthesizing proteins?
The nucleus is one of the organelles involved in protein synthesis. Ribosomes. Endocytic reticulum in rough (RER).
The primary location for protein production is this organelle?The primary location for protein synthesis is the ribosome, which can be found inside the rough endoplasmic reticulum or floating in the cytoplasm. Building chains of amino acid molecules known as polypeptide chains, the ribosome reads the mRNA and then tRNA molecules add amino acid molecules.
Who produces proteins?Cells create proteins through a process known as protein synthesis. Transcription and translation take place simultaneously. The conversion of genetic information from DNA to mRNA in the nucleus is known as transcription.
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which factors are considered environmental factors that can cause genetic effects? (select all that apply.)
The factors that can can cause genetic effects For example, UV radiation can smash DNA strands.
Sometimes the surroundings modifications a gene—both its DNA collection or its pastime level. Either of those consequences can alternate the proteins which can be crafted from a gene, which in flip influences traits. Some dangerous environmental elements can alternate a gene's nucleotide collection.
Environmental elements along with diet, temperature, oxygen levels, humidity, mild cycles, and the presence of mutagens can all effect which of an animal's genes are expressed, which in the long run influences the animal's phenotype. Similarly, drugs, chemicals, temperature, and mild are a few of the outside environmental elements which can decide which genes are grew to become on and off, thereby influencing the manner an organism develops and functions.
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What molecule enters the citric acid cycle and combines with oxaloacetate to form citric acid?.
The molecule that enters the citric acid wheel and combines with oxaloacetate to solidify citric acid is acetyl-CoA.
Acetyl-CoA is a mid-patch in cellular metabolism and is deduced from colorful origins similar to glucose, adipose acids, and amino acids. In the citric acid, acetyl-CoA reacts with oxaloacetate, a four-carbon copy emulsion, to solidify citrate.
This response is catalyzed by the enzyme citrate synthase. The combination of acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate is a crucial measure in initiating the citric acid cycle, which is a built-in part of cellular respiration.
The citric acid cycle plays a pivotal part in the product of energy-rich motes like ATP and in the generation of reducing coequals in the form of NADH and FADH2, which are employed in the posterior way of cellular respiration.
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A red four o'clock flower (RR) is crossed with a white four o'clock flower (WW) and the resulting F1 offspring are all pink (RW). If two of the pink offspring are crossed, what proportion of genotypes would you expect to see in the F2 generation?
A.1 RW: 2 RR: 1 WW
B.2 RR: 1 RW: 1 WW
C.1RR: 2 RW: 1 WW
D.4 RR: 0 RW: 0 WW
E.2 RR: 0 RW: 2 WW
which processes are driven primarily by energy from the sun
The processes are driven primarily by energy from the sun include the following below:
EvaporationPhotosynthesisTranspiration.What is Photosynthesis?This is referred to as the process in which green plants manufacture food in the presence of sunlight and other compounds. The green pigment which is referred to as chlorophyll is responsible for the trapping of solar energy which is used for the process.
Another process which is driven by the sun is the water cycle which involves the sun heating up the water bodies. This leads to evaporation of water vapor into the atmosphere and undergoes condensation to form precipitation such as rainfall, snow etc.
Plants also undergo transpiration which is the evaporation of water from parts of the plants such as leaves etc thereby making the mentioned processes correct.
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Predict a potential outcome of a mutated mitotic arrest deficient (mad) protein.
Aneuploidy could develop in the daughter cell as a result of a mutant MAD protein.
What exactly is the mutant mitotic protein?The predetermined sequence of events known as the cell cycle includes cellular division and cell proliferation. In this cycle, two new daughter cells are produced. The interphase marks the beginning of the cycle. During this stage, the cell's DNA mostly replicates and develops.
Mitosis, also known as the M phase, is the second phase of a cell cycle. Cell division in the form of mitosis. During this process, parental cells divide into two daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
A type of protein called MAD is primarily found in humans and is encoded by the MXD1 gene. This protein is a mutant cell that lacks the ability to enter mitotic arrest. This protein plays a part in the recruitment of the anaphase inhibitor MAD-2, which aids in the dissociation of the kinetochores.
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The electrical impulse generated by the heart originates in the:
Select one:
A. coronary sinus.
B. sinoatrial node.
C. bundle of His.
D. atrioventricular node.
The heart's sinoatrial node is where the electrical impulse is produced.
Sinoatrial node is the proper node to use.
What is the sinoatrial node's purpose?A healthy heart's typical rhythm and pace are set by the sinus node, which continually produces electrical impulses. The SA node is therefore referred to as the heart's natural pacemaker.
Why is the Sinoatrial Node referred to as the SA Node?The SA node is the heart's built-in pacemaker (sinoatrial node). The impulse comes from the small group of specialized cells called the SA node in the right atrium. The atria's walls constrict as a result of electrical activity that is circulating inside of them. Blood is therefore compelled into the ventricles.
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True or false: Forensic scientists find, examine, and evaluate evidence from a crime scene and provide expert testimony in court. 64
Answer:
True
Explanation:
crime based television shows. This effect influences jurors to have unrealistic expectations of forensic science during a criminal trial and affect jurors
describe how increasing the stimulus frequency affected the force developed by the sleketal muscle in this activity
Each succeeding stimulus will cause more muscular tension as the stimulus frequency rises. This growth will have a ceiling.
What are skeletal muscles and where are they located ?All of your movements are made possible by skeletal muscle, which is made up of fibers of tissue connected to your skeleton or bones. These muscles can also be found at the openings of many body tracts, including the urethra, anus, and throat. Because you can regulate when and how they perform, they are frequently referred to as voluntary muscles.
One of the three important muscle tissues in the human body is found in the skeleton. Thousands of muscle fibers are encased in connective tissue sheaths to form each skeletal muscle. Fasciculi are the individual bundles of muscle fibers that make up skeletal muscles.
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The sorting that occurs during blank______ separates homologues from each other.
Answer:
meiosis I
Explanation:
explain how resting potential is generated, including the transport proteins required, the ions transported and the ratio at which na and k are transported
The ground value for trans-membrane voltage, which is a relatively static membrane potential.
Major processes for preserving the resting potential across the membranes of animal cells include the Na+/K+ -ATPase and the effects of ion diffusion.As opposed to the specific dynamic electrochemical processes known as action potential and graded membrane potential, quiescent cells' relatively static membrane potential is referred to as the resting membrane potential (or resting voltage).The majority of non-excitable cells' membrane voltage can alter in response to external or intracellular stimuli, in addition to the latter two, which happen in excitable cells (neurons, muscles, and some secretory cells in glands). The different membrane permeabilities are what cause the resting potential to exist.To know more about trans-membrane
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Preganglionic sympathetic fibers exit the spinal cord via the __________ root and pass through the __________ to enter the __________.
The ventral root of the spinal cord serves as the exit point for preganglionic sympathetic fibres, which then go through the rami communicantes and into the sympathetic trunk ganglia.
Segments T1 through L3 of the lateral horn of the spinal cord contain the cell bodies of the preganglionic axons of the sympathetic division. These axons exit the spinal cord from this location via the ventral root and enter a spinal nerve. These neurons' axons leave the spinal cord through the ventral roots, where they then make connections with sympathetic ganglion cells or chromaffin cells, which are specialised cells in the adrenal gland.
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over – percent of plastic waste has never been recycled, and much of it ends up in oceans. scientists estimate that by 2050, ocean plastics will outweigh ocean – . a total of 9 billion tons of plastic has been generated since 1950, more than – for every person on the planet.
In the next 15 years, the amount of plastic in the ocean is predicted to quadruple, and by 2050, there may be more plastic in the ocean than fish (by weight).
How much of the plastic produced actually gets recycled to manufacture new products?According to 2018 data from the Environmental Protection Agency, just approximately 9 percent of plastic garbage gets recycled, as I recently learned.
Our oceans are covered with 25 trillion macro and 51 trillion microplastics. 269,000 tonnes of that are surface-floating. This is equal to 500 times the number of stars in our galaxy and 1345 blue whales. The sea is clogged with 4 billion plastic microfibers every square kilometre.
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how do veins differ arteries and capilleries in their structure and function
Hello,
Vascular smooth muscle (VSM), which is present in ALL arteries regardless of size, has a different role depending on the kind of artery. Similar to a stretched rubber band returning to its original size, a major conduit artery like the aorta has a lot of elastic tissue inside of it, which enables it to expand during systole and then elastically recoil to shrink back to its original diameter during diastole. This function smooths out the difference between systolic and diastolic pressures during each cardiac cycle, preventing systemic blood pressure from experiencing as much variation in pressure as the Because of this, we refer to the major arteies as acting as a pressure reservoir.
The VSM becomes increasingly significant as arteries narrow, and by the time you reach the arterioles, the so-called resistance vessels, you have VSM capable of causing significant changes in artery width. This is what regulates blood pressure and blood flow to certain tissues. Both the autonomic nervous system and regional cues from the tissue being fed play a complicated role in controlling artery VSM.
Capillaries are just a single layer of endothelial cells backed by some basement membrane; they lack a VSM and elastic tissue. Due to their extreme thinness, they serve their primary purpose as exchange vessels, which allows for the quick exchange of nutrients, wastes, and gases (O2, CO2). functioning as a pressure reservoir.
Veins serve as a large volume reservoir for the cardiovascular system because they have less elastic tissue than arteries and are more compliant (they stretch easier). In fact, the venous system contains around 70% of all blood volume at any given time. Veins are therefore referred to as "capacitance vessels" for this reason. Veins also have autonomic-controlled VSM that can contract, sending more blood back to the heart so that more can be put into the arterial system—for example, during emergency situations like major blood loss or during exercise. This volume reservoir can be used as needed. Return of blood to the heart (so-called venous return) is also helped by veins' compliance--as muscles contract, they can easily squeeze the veins, to propel blood back to the heart, and their one-way valves ensure that the flow goes one way.
Thanks,
Eddie
Answer:
Explanation:
Arteries transport blood away from the heart. Veins return blood back toward the heart. Capillaries surround body cells and tissues to deliver and absorb oxygen, nutrients, and other substances. The capillaries also connect the branches of arteries and to the branches of veins.