the potential for antibiotic resistance was recognized in the early 1940s, almost immediately after the first large-scale clinical use of penicillin, the first antibiotic. mass production of penicillin was part of the war effort of world war ii, when the drug was used widely by military populations to treat the wounded. however, even before the war had ended, resistance to penicillin was already being reported. in 1940, british biochemists sir ernst boris chain and sir edward penley abraham published a report about a bacterial enzyme capable of destroying penicillin. in the following decades, overuse and repeated exposure to antibiotic agents favored the selection and replication of numerous strains of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. select all of the statements that accurately portray the role of natural selection in antibiotic resistance. a) when bacteria are repeatedly exposed to antibiotics, they learn how to avoid the antibiotic and survive to reproduce. b) when people overuse antibiotics, the bacteria get resistant to the antibiotic and it is no longer an effective treatment. some bacteria possess a gene for bacterial resistance. these bacteria are likely to survive a course or antibiotics and reproduce. 09 d) bacteria containing the gene for antibiotic resistance can share a plasmid of the gene with other bacteria, allowing the population of bacteria with antibiotic resistance to survive and reproduce. when someone quits taking an antibiotic when they are feeling better, they likely kill only the weaker bacteria. the bacteria with a gene for antibiotic resistance survive, giving them the opportunity to reproduce. e
Answer: c,d,e
Explanation:
I did this and this is correct
Answer:
The following Statements accurately portrays role of natural selection in antibiotic resistance
c) some bacteria possess a gene for bacterial resistance. these bacteria are likely to survive a course or antibiotics and reproduce.
d) bacteria containing the gene for antibiotic resistance can share a plasmid of the gene with other bacteria, allowing the population of bacteria with antibiotic resistance to survive and reproduce
e) when someone quits taking an antibiotic when they are feeling better, they likely kill only the weaker bacteria. the bacteria with a gene for antibiotic resistance survive, giving them the opportunity to reproduce
Explanation:
When bacteria are initially exposed to an antibiotic, those most susceptible to the antibiotic will die quickly, leaving any surviving bacteria to pass on their resistant features to succeeding generations.
As in option C , bacteria possessing better gene will b selected by the nature and hence portrays Natural selection
In option d Bacteria reproduce by plasmid (extra chromosomal DNA ) transfer . Bacteria with antibiotic resistant gene with pass these genes to the succeeding generations.
When bacteria are initially exposed to an antibiotic, those most susceptible to the antibiotic will die quickly, leaving bacteria possessing gene resistant against antibiotics. Here, Darwin’s theory of natural selection comes in. This gives the bacteria an advantage over other(which do not possess antibiotic resistant gene) this bacteria will grow better than its neighbors and can increase in numbers
In option e When one quits antibiotics before completing the entire course of any prescribed antibiotic. The antibiotic resistant bacteria survives. Bacteria that are not controlled or killed by antibiotics. They are able to survive and even multiply in the presence of an antibiotic.
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A measure is 5.6 meters off (different from) the target value of 112 meters. Calculate the percent error.
Answer:
The correct answer is - 5.
Explanation:
The percentage of the error in any experiment can be calculated by the ratio difference between the target value and the observed value over the target value into 100.
Percentage error = {|Vtrue - Vobserved|/Vtrue}× 100
Solution:
percentage error = (5.6/112)*100
= 0.05*100
= 5
Thus, the correct answer is - 5.
The MAP kinase pathway is activated by ligand binding to a transmembrane receptor, which switches Ras on via GEF (Guanine nucleotide Exchange Factor) that counteracts GAP (GTPase Activating Protein) activity. Ras-GTP in turn activates the downstream signaling intermediates (kinases), which are activated by sequential phosphorylation. Which drug CANNOT be used to target cancer cells that have elevated receptor activation
Answer:
Inhibitor molecules that interfere with GAP activity
Explanation:
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) is a pathway composed of proteins that amplify and integrate signals from receptors localized on the surface of cells and trigger the transcription of specific genes in the nucleus of the cell. In eukaryotic organisms, the MAPK pathway is known to control critical cellular processes such as, for example, cell proliferation, cell differentiation, cell death, etc. RAS proteins are GTPases localized to the plasma membrane involved in MAPK signaling. Moreover, the GTPase activating proteins such as RasGAP (Ras GTPase activating protein) regulate Ras-GTP bound by promoting GTP hydrolysis. It has been shown that RasGAP expression is down-regulated in different types of cancer. In this regard, it has been proposed that the interference of GAP activity should result in an enhanced Ras protein activation in cancer cells, thereby initiating tumorigenesis by inducing, for example, uncontrolled cell proliferation.
What is the probability of two cystic fibrosis carriers having a child with cystic fibrosis?
A. 0%
B. 25%
C. 50%
D. 100%
Answer:
Each time two CF carriers have a child, the chances are: 25 percent (1 in 4).
Therefore, your answer is B.
What are the benefits of being a poisonous plant in
the Rain Forest
Answer:
being poisonous plant helt a plant to not b eaten by pests
Explanation:
plants grow well without being affected
(Psychology)
Hi, I just need help with these question. Don’t put links to files or I’ll report!
Answer:
6) B
7) False
8) False
Where does the energy come from to make ATP in the light reactions?
Answer:
Figure 19.2. The Light Reactions of Photosynthesis. Light is absorbed and the energy is used to drive electrons from water to generate NADPH and to drive protons across a membrane. These protons return through ATP synthase to make ATP.
Explanation:
thank me later
Mushrooms, bread molds, and yeasts are classified together in the fungi kingdom. Specific characteristics are used to
classify these organisms. Which of the following is a characteristic used to classify these organisms as fungi?
Answer:
D.) They are heterotrophs
If someone died from chronic mercury poisoning what might be visible during the autopsy ? A-black vomit. B-mees lines. C-red coloring on their lips. D-silver eyes.
The image describes four finch species that live in an isolated ecosystem
Large ground finch
Cactus finch
Vegetarian finch
Warbler finch
Beak is heavy and strong. Beak is tough and sharp. Beak is short and thick. Beak is narrow and pointy.
Diet consists of large seeds, Diet consists of cactus fruits. Diet consists of fruit, buds, Diet consists of insects,
cactus fruits, caterpillars, cactus nectar, and cactus leaves, and flowers. spiders, and caterpillars.
and large insects.
flowers
A disease is introduced into the ecosystem that kills all of the cactus plants. Which of the following BEST predicts the effects on the finches?
Answer:
Los pinzones de Darwin, como resultado de una sequía en 2004, ... Es la mayor evidencia de la evolución de las especies. ... sangre de aves marinas, semillas y néctar de flores de cactus. ... el tamaño de su pico, comparándolo con el gran pinzón terrestre en la ... Pinzón de Darwin pico afilado y pequeño.Explanation:
long time no see?? apple sauce
Answer:
yes, its great
Explanation:
Answer:
i guess
Explanation:
How do drugs affect you socially
Explanation:
Drugs affect you socially because some of your friends may not want to be around you anymore. Also drugs affect your mindset and the way you think, you may end up saying things to people around you that you didn't really want to say which will make people wanna distance from
you
A population of drosophila flies lives in a forest and has variation in their egg-laying behavior. The majority of the flies have the trait of laying eggs in the rotting bark of trees. A small percentage of the flies have the trait of laying eggs in bark that is dampened by sap. The drosophila population moves into a new forested area that is drier, where rotting bark is harder to find than sap. How will the population change over several generations
Answer:
It will contain a larger proportion of flies that lay eggs in sap because the trait results in a higher chance of reproducing successfully and passing on the gene
Explanation:
Over the years the population of flies that lays egg in the rotten bark will reduce this is because of the low chance of reproducing and there will be an increase in the population of flies that lays egg in the sap because the flies have a higher chance of reproducing successfully leading to an increase in the population and the ability of the gene to be passed on successfully to their offspring in next generation.
Birds are the main predators of these beetles; they hunt the beetles by sight and pick them off the tree bark where they feed. A logging company clears trees off an island and plants younger trees as a replacement. Trees with light bark are planted on one side of the island, and trees with dark bark are planted on the other side of the island. What do you predict would happen to the range of coloration in the population of beetles living on the light-colored trees of the island
Complete question:
1. The graph below depicts the frequency of expression of the coloration of beetles on an island:
Graph is the 1st Pic --> Attached files
Birds are the main predators of these beetles; they hunt the beetles by sight and pick them up off of the tree bark where they feed. A logging company clears the trees off of the island and plants younger trees as a replacement. Trees with light bark are planted on one side of the island and trees with dark bark are planted on the other side of the island. What do you predict would happen to the range of coloration in the populations of beetles on each side of the island?
Select TWO answers, one to represent the beetles living on the light colored trees and one to represent the beetles living on the dark colored trees. (2 points)
A. graph 2 below
B. graph 3 below
C. graph 4 below
D. graph 5 below
Answer:
B. graph 3 below
D. graph 5 below
Explanation:
The original population of beetles (Graph 1) shows that most individuals had an intermediate phenotype between dark and light color. The graph expresses its highest point in the middle of the phenotypic ax, while the curve´s tails coincide with light and dark colors.
Probably, most of the trees inhabiting the whole island had some darkish color tone, which beetles used to camouflage and avoid predation.
When the company cleared the area and reforested, they planted light trees on one half and dark trees on the other half of the island. This change in the environment modeled the beetled phenotype, together with predation pressure.
If we consider the whole original population, we should say that it went under a disruptive selection. But if we think about the sides of the island separately, we could say that the population living on each side went under directional selection. We are not thinking about the whole population of beetled inhabiting the whole island, but two groups inhabiting each side of the island.
Graph 3 represents the beetles inhabiting the part of the land with dark trees. The population went under directional selection, and most of them turned into dark-colored to camouflage with the substrate in which they live.Graph 5 represents the beetles inhabiting the other part of the land with light trees. The population went under directional selection, and most of them became light-colored to camouflage with the substrate in which they live.how do they measure global climate change
Answer:
Hello There!!
Explanation:
The answer is=>It is mosly measured using the average surface temperature if the planet/Earth.
hope this helps,have a great day!!
~Pinky~
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Climate change is most commonly measured using the average surface temperature of the planet.
ThanksHope it helps.A metamorphic rock is a rock that has been
Answer:
The answer is B.Changed from it's original state.
Answer: B. Changed from its original state
Explanation: Metamorphic rocks are rocks that change form.
_____ is essential for all life within
an ecosystem.
A. Trophic
B. Water cycle
C. Predation
A pair of identical twins develop leukemias, where immature white blood cells proliferate uncontrollably. In each case, the cancer cells analyzed from identical twins displayed an identical chromosomal mutation and this critical mutation was not found in the twins normal cells. The twins developed leukemia at different times in their lives. What is the best explanation for the origin of this chromosomal mutation
Answer:
The chromosomal rearrangement resulted from a rare somatic mutational event that occurred in utero
Explanation:
Leukemia is a progressive type of cancer where immature white blood cells (leukocytes) proliferate uncontrollably. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have shown that somatic mutations are relatively common in different types of leukemia such as, for example, acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Moreover, identical twins are developed from one fertilized egg (ovum) that splits and develops into two identical individuals that share all of their genes (i.e., they have exactly the same genetic information). In this case, it is expected that leukemogenesis was initiated in the utero by the occurrence of a chromosomal rearrangement and proceeded early during development as distinct clonalities. In addition, the fact that identical twins developed leukemia at different times in their lives also indicates that this malignancy wasn't caused by only one mutation, but instead it was triggered by multiple mutational events (i.e., leukemia is a multistep cancer caused by secondary genetic changes).
How can local environmental coinages have global effects?
Answer:
Changes in local environments can have global effects for several reasons. Animals, like birds, migrate from region to region. A change in one of their environments can cause behavioral changes which will affect other organisms living in these environments. Air and water move among regions.
Explanation:
Have a great day !
Which step of protein synthesis does the lac operon stop and how ?
Answer:
Explanation:
The phospholipid bilayer, shown below, that makes up the cell membrane is partially permeable . This means that it selectively prevents large, polar molecules and certain ions from passing into or out of the cell. Transport proteins are therefore used to move them, essentially by-passing the membrane.
which supports the theory that some mountains were once at the bottom of the ocean?
A.there are underwater mountains on the ocean floor today
B.freshwater rivers flow to the ocean
C. fossils of marine organisms are found at the top of some mountains D both mountains and Ocean Floors have similar mineral in their Rock
Answer:
★ C. fossils of marine organisms are found at the top of some mountains
Explanation:
Hope you have a great day :)
In kelp forests along the North American coastline, sea stars (pictured above) get their nutrients by feeding on dead or decaying debris, or
A.) detritus
B.) autotrophs
C.) omnivores
Answer: The correct option is A (detritus).
Explanation:
The sea star also called the star fish belongs to the phylum echinodermata. They are slow moving marine animals living on the sea-shores and sea beds. They possess tube feet under their arms which enables them to move to location where they can obtain food.
During feeding, the star fish is capable of pouring digestive enzymes on the soft tissue of its prey. Once liquefied, it absorbs it into its stomach. The following are the different types of food that a star fish can feed on:
--> coral,
--> sponges,
--> clams,
--> oysters,
--> sand dollars, and mussels
They also feed on dead or decaying debris of different plants and animals. These dead or decaying debris are also called DETRITUS. A detritus is made up of leaves and other plant parts, animal remains and waste organic products that fall into water bodies from the kelp forests along the North American coastline.
PLEASE ANSWER ASAP
Put in order the interactions of the question
Answer:
First off it would 'attack' the immune system, the virus would attach itself to healthy cells, then continue to move through your body - your bodies first response is always going to be your immune system - it's going to fight the foreign visitor aka the virus. The virus will then move down towards your respiratory system. And given the symptoms that you may experience whilst your body is fighting the virus is how it may work with other systems (these two being the main ones) for example; diarrhea, nausea/vomiting, headaches, sore throat, etc. And it will also depend on the patients history. Hope this helps.
Explanation:
3. Two body systems work together to help remove waste products from blood. What
are these two systems?
a. Respiratory and excretory
b. skeletal and digestive
c. circulatory and reproductive
d. nervous and excretory
why do you need to take biology in college if your major is Nursing?
Answer:
Because you still have to obtain degree in your nursing
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Answer:
I think it's a and d sorry if I was wrong.
Explanation:
Plz mark brainliest.
Turtiple choice worth 3 points)
Examine the following diagram. Which of the following layers is or are older than layer D?
D
А
Public Domain
A only
C only
A and B
A, B, and C
The diagram below shows a stack of rock layers. These layers have not changed position since they formed. Examine the diagram and answer the question that follows. If the age of Layer 4 is 400 million years and the age of Layer 1 is 500 million years, then the age of Layer 3 is A. older than 500 million years. B. between 400 million and 500 million years. C. 500 million years. D. younger than 400 million years.
Answer:
B. between 400 million and 500 million years
Explanation:
Process of elimination
Answer: Answer is B, Younger than 400 million years
Explanation:
The age of rock layers in a stack reflects the order in which they were deposited—the lower layers were laid down first, and then the upper layers were laid on top of them. So, the lower layers and fossils they contain are older than the upper layers and fossils. This is known as the principle of superposition.
In this example, Layer 1 was deposited first, then Layer 2, Layer 3, Layer 4, and Layer 5. Layer 1 is the oldest, and the layers get younger as you move up through the stack.
If the age of a particular layer is known, then the relative age of other layers can be determined. In this example, Layer 4 is 400 million years old. This means that the layer above it is younger than 400 million years and the layers below it are older than 400 million years. Layer 1 is 500 million years old. This means that layers above it are younger than 500 million years.
Layer 5 is above Layer 4, so it must be younger than 400 million years.
Select a drug to research. Explain how tolerance and withdrawal would work for a person addicted to that drug.
difference between antigens and antibodies?
Answer:
Antigens are molecules capable of stimulating an immune response. Each antigen has distinct surface features, or epitopes, resulting in specific responses. Antibodies (immunoglobins) are Y-shaped proteins produced by B cells of the immune system in response to exposure to antigens.
Explanation:
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hopes this helps