The reactant will remain 23.6% after approximately 184.9 seconds. The half-life of the reaction is approximately 35.0 minutes.
In a first-order reaction, the rate of the reaction is directly proportional to the concentration of the reactant. The rate constant (k) is a measure of how fast the reaction proceeds.
To determine the time required for 23.6% of the reactant to remain, we can use the equation for first-order reactions:ln([A]t/[A]0) = -kt
where [A]t is the concentration of the reactant at time t, [A]0 is the initial concentration of the reactant, k is the rate constant, and t is the time. Rearranging the equation, we have:
t = -ln([A]t/[A]0)/k
Given that k = 0.0150 s ⁻¹, we can substitute the values into the equation to find t. Since 23.6% of the reactant remains, [A]t/[A]0 = 0.236. Plugging in these values, we get:
t = -ln(0.236)/0.0150 ≈ 184.9 seconds.
For the second part of the question, we need to find the half-life of the reaction. The half-life is the time required for the concentration of the reactant to decrease by half. In a first-order reaction, the half-life (t_1/2) is related to the rate constant by the equation:t_1/2 = (ln 2) / k
Given that 36.0% of the compound has decomposed after 45.0 minutes, [A]t/[A]0 = 0.360. We can plug in this value and the given rate constant into the equation to find the half-life:
t_1/2 = (ln 2) / 0.0150 ≈ 46.2 minutes.
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Round 517.555 to the nearest hundredth. Enter your answer in the space
provided.
Answer here
SUBMIT
Problem 3.A (18 Points): McKain and Co. is currently manufacturing the plastic components of its product using Thermoforming machine. The unit cost of the product is $16, and in the past year 4,000 un
Mc Kain and Co. generated a profit of $32,000 from the sale of the plastic components in the past year.
The profit earned by selling a product , goods to a company is called Revenue.
We can calculate the total revenue, total cost, and profit.
Total revenue:
Total revenue =[tex]Number of units sold \times Selling price per unit[/tex]
Total revenue =[tex]4,000 units \times $24 per unit[/tex]
Total revenue =[tex]\$96,000[/tex]
Total cost:
Total cost = Number of units produced \times Unit cost
Total cost = [tex]4,000 units \times \$16 per unit[/tex]
Total cost =[tex]\$64,000[/tex]
Profit:
Profit = Total revenue - Total cost
Profit = [tex]\$[/tex]96,000 -[tex]\$[/tex]64,000
Profit = [tex]\$[/tex]32,000
Therefore, based on the information provided, McKain and Co. generated a profit of $32,000 from the sale of the plastic components in the past year.
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WILL GIVE 30 POINTS
Which of the following tables shows the correct steps to transform x2 + 8x + 15 = 0 into the form (x − p)2 = q? [p and q are integers] a x2 + 8x + 15 − 1 = 0 − 1 x2 + 8x + 14 = −1 (x + 4)2 = −1 b x2 + 8x + 15 − 2 = 0 − 2 x2 + 8x + 13 = −2 (x + 4)2 = −2 c x2 + 8x + 15 + 1 = 0 + 1 x2 + 8x + 16 = 1 (x + 4)2 = 1 d x2 + 8x + 15 + 2 = 0 + 2 x2 + 8x + 17 = 2
(x + 4)2 = 2
Answer:
The correct answer (as given in the question) is C
(look into explanation for details)
Step-by-step explanation:
We have,
[tex]x^2+8x+15=0\\simplifying,\\x^2+8x+15+1 = 1\\x^2+8x+16=1\\(x+4)^2=1[/tex]
A 6-hour rainfall of 6 cm at a place * A was found to have a return period of 40 years. The probability that a 6-hour rainfall of this or larger magnitude will occur at least once in 20 successive years is: 0.397 0.605 0.015 0.308 10 F
The probability that a 6-hour rainfall of this or larger magnitude will occur at least once in 20 successive years is approximately 0.000015625 or 0.0016%.
The closest option provided is "0.015", but the calculated probability is much smaller than that.
To calculate the probability that a 6-hour rainfall of this or larger magnitude will occur at least once in 20 successive years, we can use the concept of the Exceedance Probability and the return period.
The Exceedance Probability (EP) is the probability of a certain event being exceeded in a given time period. It can be calculated using the following formula:
EP = 1 - (1 / T)
Where T is the return period in years.
Given that the return period is 40 years, we can calculate the Exceedance Probability for a 6-hour rainfall event:
EP = 1 - (1 / 40)
EP = 0.975
This means that there is a 0.975 (97.5%) probability of a 6-hour rainfall of this magnitude or larger occurring in any given year.
Now, to calculate the probability of this event occurring at least once in 20 successive years, we can use the concept of complementary probability.
The complementary probability (CP) of an event not occurring in a given time period is calculated as:
CP = 1 - EP
CP = 1 - 0.975
CP = 0.025
This means that there is a 0.025 (2.5%) probability of this event not occurring in any given year.
To calculate the probability of the event not occurring in 20 successive years, we can multiply the complementary probabilities:
CP_20_years = CP^20
CP_20_years = 0.025^20
CP_20_years ≈ 0.000015625
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A vector has an initial point at (2.1, 2.1) and a terminal point at (4.5, 7.8). What are the component form, magnitude, and direction of the vector? Round to the nearest tenth of a unit.
component form = ⟨ ⟩
magnitude =
direction = °
The vector can be represented as ⟨2.4, 5.7⟩ in component form.
It has a magnitude of approximately 6.2 units
Inclined at an angle of around 66.1°.
To find the component form, magnitude, and direction of the vector, we can calculate the differences between the corresponding coordinates of the initial and terminal points.
Component form: To find the component form of the vector, we subtract the x-coordinate of the initial point from the x-coordinate of the terminal point to get the x-component, and subtract the y-coordinate of the initial point from the y-coordinate of the terminal point to get the y-component.
x-component = 4.5 - 2.1 = 2.4
y-component = 7.8 - 2.1 = 5.7
Therefore, the component form of the vector is ⟨2.4, 5.7⟩.
Magnitude: The magnitude (or length) of a vector can be calculated using the formula sqrt(x^2 + y^2), where x and y are the components of the vector.
magnitude = sqrt(2.4^2 + 5.7^2) ≈ sqrt(5.76 + 32.49) ≈ sqrt(38.25) ≈ 6.2
Therefore, the magnitude of the vector is approximately 6.2 units.
Direction: The direction of a vector can be determined by finding the angle it makes with a reference axis, usually the positive x-axis.
direction = arctan(y-component / x-component) = arctan(5.7 / 2.4) ≈ arctan(2.375) ≈ 66.1°
Therefore, the direction of the vector is approximately 66.1°.
In summary, the component form of the vector is ⟨2.4, 5.7⟩, the magnitude is approximately 6.2 units, and the direction is approximately 66.1°
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2y''y' 10y = 0, y(0) = 1, y'(0) y(t) = - 6.5
The solution to the differential equation is ln|y'| + 5 ln|y| = ln|-6.5|.
The given differential equation is 2y''y' + 10y = 0, with initial conditions y(0) = 1 and y'(0) = -6.5. To solve this equation, we can use the method of separation of variables.
First, let's rewrite the equation in a more convenient form. We can divide both sides by 2y' to obtain y''/y' + 5/y = 0. Now, let's integrate both sides with respect to t:
∫ (y''/y') dt + ∫ (5/y) dt = ∫ 0 dt
Integrating the left-hand side, we get ln|y'| + 5 ln|y| = c, where c is the constant of integration.
Applying the initial condition y(0) = 1, we have ln|y'(0)| + 5 ln|y(0)| = c. Since y'(0) = -6.5 and y(0) = 1, we can substitute these values into the equation to solve for c.
ln|-6.5| + 5 ln|1| = c
Simplifying further, we find that c = ln|-6.5|.
Therefore, the solution to the differential equation is ln|y'| + 5 ln|y| = ln|-6.5|.
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Find the exact value of tan(480^∘).
Answer: the exact value of tan(480°) is √3.
To find the exact value of tan(480°), we can use the properties of the unit circle and reference angles.
Step 1: Convert 480° to an angle within one revolution. Since 480° is greater than 360°, we can subtract 360° to find the equivalent angle within one revolution.
480° - 360° = 120°
Step 2: Identify the reference angle. The reference angle is the acute angle between the terminal side of the angle and the x-axis. Since 120° is in the second quadrant, the reference angle is the angle formed between the terminal side and the y-axis in the first quadrant.
180° - 120° = 60°
Step 3: Determine the sign of the tangent. In the second quadrant, tangent is positive.
Step 4: Calculate the tangent of the reference angle. The tangent of 60° is √3.
Therefore, the exact value of tan(480°) is √3.
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A homeowner decided to use an electrically heated 4 m long rectangular duct to maintain his room at a comfortable condition during winter. Electrical heaters, well insulated on the outer surface, wrapped around the 0.1m x 0.19m duct, maintains a constant surface temperature of 360K. Air at 275K enters the heated duct section at a flow rate of 0.15 kg/s. Determine the temperature of the air leaving the heated duct. Assuming all the electrical energy is used to heat the air, calculate the power required. (Use Tm = 300K) [14] - Nu, = 0.023 Res Prº.4 T Т. mo PL = expl h T Tmi mC for Ts = constant where P = perimeter of the duct and L L = length р - (b) Discuss the boundary layer profile that would result for a vertical hot plate, and a vertical cold plate, suspended in a quiescent fluid. [6] 4. (a) Outline the steps that a design engineer would follow to determine the (i) Rating for a heat exchanger. (ii) The sizing of a heat exchanger. [2] [2] (b) A shell-and-tube heat exchanger with one shell pass and 30 tube passes uses hot water on the tube side to heat oil on the shell side. The single copper tube has inner and outer diameters of 20 and 24 mm and a length per pass of 3 m. The water enters at 97°C and 0.3 kg/s and leaves at 37°C. Inlet and outlet temperatures of the oil are 10°C and 47°C. What is the average convection coefficient for the tube outer surface?
The temperature of the air leaving the heated duct can be determined using the energy balance equation. The equation is as follows:
Qin = Qout + ΔQ
where Qin is the heat input, Qout is the heat output, and ΔQ is the change in heat.
In this case, the electrical energy input is used to heat the air, so Qin is equal to the power required. The heat output Qout is given by:
Qout = m * Cp * (Tout - Tin)
where m is the mass flow rate of the air, Cp is the specific heat capacity of air at constant pressure, Tout is the temperature of the air leaving the duct, and Tin is the temperature of the air entering the duct.
Since all the electrical energy is used to heat the air, we can equate Qin to the power required:
Qin = Power
Plugging in the values given in the question:
Power = m * Cp * (Tout - Tin)
Now, we can rearrange the equation to solve for Tout:
Tout = (Power / (m * Cp)) + Tin
Substituting the given values:
Tout = (Power / (0.15 kg/s * Cp)) + 275K
To calculate the power required, we need to use the equation given in the question:
Nu = 0.023 * (Re^0.8) * (Pr^0.4)
where Nu is the Nusselt number, Re is the Reynolds number, and Pr is the Prandtl number.
The Reynolds number Re can be calculated using the formula:
Re = (ρ * v * L) / μ
where ρ is the density of air, v is the velocity of air, L is the characteristic length, and μ is the dynamic viscosity of air.
The Prandtl number Pr for air can be assumed to be approximately 0.7.
By solving for the Reynolds number Re, we can substitute it back into the Nusselt number equation to solve for the Nusselt number Nu.
Finally, we can substitute the calculated Nusselt number Nu and the given values into the equation for the convection coefficient h:
h = (Nu * k) / L
where k is the thermal conductivity of air and L is the characteristic length of the heated section of the duct.
By substituting the values and solving the equation, we can calculate the average convection coefficient for the tube outer surface.
Remember to perform the calculations step by step and use the appropriate units for the given values to obtain accurate results.
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2logx=log64 Solve the equation to find the solution set. Select the correct choice below and, if necessary, fill in the answer box to complete your choice. A. The solution set is (Type an exact answer in simplified form. Use a comma to separate answers as needed.) B. There are infinitely many solutions. C. There is no solution.
The solution set for the logarithmic equation 2logx = log64 is {8, -8}.
Hence option is a (8,-8 ).
To solve the equation 2logx = log64, we can use the properties of logarithms.
Let's simplify the equation step by step:
Step 1: Apply the power rule of logarithms
The power rule of logarithms states that log(a^b) = b * log(a). We can apply this rule to simplify the equation as follows:
2logx = log64
log(x^2) = log64
Step 2: Set the arguments equal to each other
Since the logarithms on both sides of the equation have the same base (logarithm base 10), we can set their arguments equal to each other:
x^2 = 64
Step 3: Solve for x
Using the property mentioned earlier, we can simplify further:
2logx = 6log2
Now we have two logarithms with the same base. According to the property log(a) = log(b), if a = b, we can equate the exponents:
2x = 6
Dividing both sides of the equation by 2, we get:
x = 3
To find the solutions for x, we take the square root of both sides of the equation:
x = ±√64
x = ±8
Therefore, the solution set for the equation 2logx = log64 is {8, -8}.
The correct choice is A. The solution set is {8, -8}.
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Let {an} be a sequence such that the subsequences {azk}, {a2k+1} and {a3k) are convergent. Prove that the sequence {an} also converges. b) Prove that if every subsequence {an} of {a} had a further subsequence {anx₁} {ant} converging to a then the sequence {an} also converges to a.
Both parts (a) and (b) have been proven: if the subsequences of a sequence are convergent, then the sequence itself is also convergent.
To prove both statements, we will use the fact that any convergent sequence is a bounded sequence. Let's begin with part a).
a) Assume that the subsequences {azk}, {a2k+1}, and {a3k} are convergent. Since a convergent sequence is bounded, each of these subsequences is bounded. Now, consider the sequence {an} itself. For any positive integer k, we can find a subsequence {an(k)} by selecting every k-th term from {an}. By the given information, we know that {an(k)} is convergent for all positive integers k.
Since each subsequence {an(k)} is bounded, the entire sequence {an} must also be bounded. We can conclude that {an} is bounded by choosing the maximum of the bounds of each subsequence.
By the Bolzano-Weierstrass theorem, any bounded sequence contains a convergent subsequence. Since {an} is bounded, it contains a convergent subsequence. But if {an} contains a convergent subsequence, then {an} itself must converge.
b) Assume that every subsequence {an} has a further subsequence {anx₁}, {anx₂}, ..., {ant} converging to a. We want to prove that {an} also converges to a.
Let's suppose, by contradiction, that {an} does not converge to a. Then there exists an ε > 0 such that for all N, there exists an n > N such that |an - a| ≥ ε.
Consider the subsequence {an₁} such that |an₁ - a| ≥ ε₁ for some ε₁ > 0. Since {an} does not converge to a, we can choose an N₁ such that for all n > N₁, |an - a| ≥ ε₁.
However, this contradicts the assumption that {an} has a further subsequence {anx₁}, {anx₂}, ..., {ant} converging to a, since by choosing N = N₁, we can find an nx₁ > N such that |anx₁ - a| < ε₁.
Hence, our assumption was incorrect, and we conclude that {an} must converge to a.
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At what altitude habove the north pole is the weight of an object reduced to 78% of its earth-surface value? Assume a spherical earth of radius k and express h in terms of R. Answer:h= R
The altitude h above the north pole at which the weight of an object is reduced to 78% of its earth-surface value is approximately 2845 km above the surface.
The weight of an object is reduced to 78% of its earth-surface value when an object is at an altitude of 2845 km above the north pole.
This can be found by using the equation W = GMm/r²,
where W is the weight of the object, M is the mass of the earth, m is the mass of the object, r is the distance from the center of the earth, and G is the gravitational constant.
The weight of the object is 78% of its surface weight, so we can set W = 0.78mg,
where g is the acceleration due to gravity on the surface of the earth. The distance from the center of the earth to the object is R + h, where R is the radius of the earth and h is the altitude above the surface.
Therefore, the equation becomes:0.78mg = GMm/(R + h)²Simplifying, we get:0.78g = GM/(R + h)²
Dividing both sides by g and multiplying by (R + h)², we get:0.78(R + h)² = GM/g
Solving for h, we get:h = R(2.845)
Therefore, the altitude h above the north pole at which the weight of an object is reduced to 78% of its earth-surface value is approximately 2845 km above the surface.
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Assume the hold time of callers to a cable company is normally distributed with a mean of 2.8 minutes and a standard deviation of 0.4 minute. Determine the percent of callers who are on hold between 2.3 minutes and 3.4 minutes.
Normal Distribution is a continuous probability distribution characterized by a bell-shaped probability density function.
When variables in a population have a normal distribution, the distribution of sample means is normally distributed with a mean equal to the population mean and a standard deviation equal to the standard error of the mean. we can standardize it using the formula:
[tex]$z = \frac{x - \mu}{\sigma}$,[/tex]
To solve the problem, we first standardize 2.3 and 3.4 minutes as follows:
[tex]$z_1
= \frac{2.3 - 2.8}{0.4}
= -1.25$ and $z_2
= \frac{3.4 - 2.8}{0.4}
= 1.5$[/tex]
Using a standard normal distribution table, we can find that the area to the left of
[tex]$z_1
= -1.25$ is 0.1056[/tex]
and the area to the left o
[tex]f $z_2
= 1.5$ is 0.9332.[/tex]
Therefore, the area between
[tex]$z_1$ and $z_2$[/tex]
is the difference between these two areas
: 0.9332 - 0.1056
= 0.8276.
This means that approximately 82.76% of callers are on hold between 2.3 minutes and 3.4 minutes.
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Suppose a buffer solution is made from nitrous acid, HNO,, and sodium nitrite, NaNO,. What is the net ionic equation for the reaction that occurs when a small amount of sodium hydroxide is added to the buffer? A. H(aq) +OH(aq)-H₂O(1) B. OH(aq)+NO, (aq)-HNO, (aq) C. OH(aq)+HNO,(aq)-NO₂ (aq) + H₂O D. Na (aq) + HNO,(aq)-NaH-NO, (aq) E. Na (aq) +OH(aq)-NaOH(aq)
The correct answer is option E: Na⁺(aq) + OH⁻(aq) → NaOH(aq).
When a small amount of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is added to the buffer solution containing nitrous acid (HNO2) and sodium nitrite (NaNO2), the net ionic equation for the reaction is
Na⁺(aq) + OH⁻(aq) → NaOH(aq).
This is because sodium hydroxide dissociates in water to produce Na⁺ ions and OH⁻ ions, and the OH⁻ ions react with the H⁺ ions from the weak acid (HNO2) to form water (H₂O). The sodium ions (Na⁺) do not participate in the reaction and remain as spectator ions.
In this case, the reaction between sodium hydroxide and the weak acid in the buffer solution does not involve the formation of any new compounds or species specific to the buffer system. The primary role of the buffer solution is to resist changes in pH when small amounts of acid or base are added. Therefore, the net ionic equation reflects the neutralization of the H⁺ ions from the weak acid by the OH⁻ ions from the sodium hydroxide, resulting in the formation of water.
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15. Consider a cylinder of fixed volume comprising two compartments that are separated by a freely movable, adiabatic piston. In each compartment is a 2.00 mol sample of perfect gas with constant volume heat capacity of 20 JK-¹ mol-¹. The temperature of the sample in one of the compartments is held by a thermostat at 300 K. Initially the temperatures of the samples are equal as well as the volumes at 2.00 L. When energy is supplied as heat to the compartment with no thermostat the gas expands reversibly, pushing the piston and compressing the opposite chamber to 1.00 L. Calculate a) the final pressure of the of the gas in the chamber with no thermostat.
The final pressure of the gas in the chamber with no thermostat is 2P₁.
To calculate the final pressure of the gas in the chamber with no thermostat, we can use the ideal gas law, which states:
PV = nRT
Where:
- P is the pressure of the gas
- V is the volume of the gas
- n is the number of moles of the gas
- R is the ideal gas constant (8.314 J/(mol·K))
- T is the temperature of the gas in Kelvin
In this case, we have a 2.00 mol sample of gas in the chamber with no thermostat. The volume of this chamber changes from 2.00 L to 1.00 L. We are given the heat capacity of the gas, which is 20 J/(K·mol), but we don't need it to solve this problem.
Initially, the temperatures and volumes of the two chambers are equal, so we can assume that the temperature of the gas in the chamber with no thermostat is also 300 K.
Using the ideal gas law, we can set up the equation as follows:
P₁V₁ = nRT₁
P₂V₂ = nRT₂
Where:
- P₁ and P₂ are the initial and final pressures of the gas, respectively
- V₁ and V₂ are the initial and final volumes of the gas, respectively
- T₁ and T₂ are the initial and final temperatures of the gas, respectively
We can rearrange these equations to solve for the final pressure, P₂:
P₂ = (P₁V₁T₂) / (V₂T₁)
Plugging in the known values:
P₂ = (P₁ * 2.00 L * 300 K) / (1.00 L * 300 K)
P₂ = (P₁ * 2.00) / 1.00
P₂ = 2 * P₁
So, the final pressure of the gas in the chamber with no thermostat is twice the initial pressure, P₁.
Therefore, the final pressure of the gas in the chamber with no thermostat is 2P₁.
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Mary invested $200 for 3 years at 5% per annum.John invested $300 at the same rate. If they both received the same amount f money in interest, fo how man years did John invest his money?
Answer:
Step-by-step explanation:
To find the number of years John invested his money, we can set up an equation using the formula for simple interest:
Simple Interest = Principal × Rate × Time
Let's calculate the interest earned by Mary and John separately.
For Mary:
Principal = $200
Rate = 5% per annum = 0.05
Time = 3 years
Interest earned by Mary = Principal × Rate × Time
= $200 × 0.05 × 3
= $30
For John:
Principal = $300
Rate = 5% per annum = 0.05
Time = unknown
Interest earned by John = Principal × Rate × Time
= $300 × 0.05 × Time
Since they both received the same amount of interest, we can equate their interest amounts:
$30 = $300 × 0.05 × Time
Simplifying the equation:
30 = 15Time
Dividing both sides by 15:
Time = 2
Therefore, John invested his money for 2 years in order to receive the same amount of interest as Mary.
The statement [p∧(r→q)]↔[(r∨q)∧(p→q)] is a contradiction. a. True b. False
The statement is not a contradiction since it is only false when p = T, q = F, and r = T, and it is true for all other combinations of p, q, and r.The answer is False.
For this statement to be a contradiction, its truth table should return False (F) for all possible values of p, q, and r. Hence, we will use a truth table to evaluate the given statement.
The truth table is as follows: p | q | r | r → q | p ∧ (r → q) | r ∨ q | p → q | (r ∨ q) ∧ (p → q) | p ∧ (r → q) ↔ (r ∨ q) ∧ (p → q) T | T | T | T | T | T | T | T | T T | T | F | T | F | T | T | T | F T | F | T | F | F | F | T | F | F T | F | F | T | F | F | T | F | F F | T | T | T | F | T | T | T | F F | T | F | T | F | T | T | T | F F | F | T | T | F | T | T | T | F F | F | F | T | F | F | T | F | F
From the truth table above, we observe that the statement is not a contradiction since it is only false when p = T, q = F, and r = T, and it is true for all other combinations of p, q, and r.
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Diane runs 25 km in y hours Ed walks at an average speed of 6 km/h less than Diane's average speed and takes 3 hours longer to complete 3 km less. What is the value of y ? a)2 b) 2.5 C )4.5 d) 5
The value of y is 6 However, none of the given answer options (a) 2, (b) 2.5, (c) 4.5, (d) 5) matches the calculated value of y = 6.
Let's analyze the given information step by step to determine the value of y.
1. Diane runs 25 km in y hours.
This means Diane's average speed is 25 km/y.
2. Ed walks at an average speed of 6 km/h less than Diane's average speed.
Ed's average speed is 25 km/y - 6 km/h = (25/y - 6) km/h.
3. Ed takes 3 hours longer to complete 3 km less.
We can set up the following equation based on the information given:
25 km/y - 3 km = (25/y - 6) km/h * (y + 3) h
Simplifying the equation:
25 - 3y = (25 - 6y + 18) km/h
Combining like terms:
25 - 3y = 43 - 6y
Rearranging the equation:
3y - 6y = 43 - 25
-3y = 18
Dividing both sides by -3:
y = -18 / -3
y = 6
Therefore, the value of y is 6.
However, none of the given answer options (a) 2, (b) 2.5, (c) 4.5, (d) 5) matches the calculated value of y = 6.
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1) Solve the following
a) The reaction of 3A ⟶B + 2C is found to have a 72.2% yield. How many moles of A are needed in order to create 1.167 mol of C?
Report your answer to three decimal places.
b) For the decomposition reaction:
X(s) ⟶Y(g) + Z(s)
A student runs the reaction with a given amount of reactant X, and she calculates the theoretical yield to be 47.3 g of product Z. If there are 0.5 mol of Z present after the reaction is complete, what is the % yield of this reaction? Assume Z has a molar mass of 82 g/mol. Report your answer to two decimal places.
c)
A student is performing a multistep reaction to synthesize an organic compound, shown below in a simplified form:
2A ⟶5B
B ⟶2C
3C ⟶ D
The reactant A has a molar mass of 147.1 g/mol and the final product D has a molar mass of 135 g/mol. Assuming that each step has 100% yield, what final mass of D should be created if the student reacts 72 g of reactant A? Report your answer with one decimal place.
The number of moles of A required to form 1.167 mol of C is 1.751 mol. The % yield of the reaction is 86.60%. The final mass of D formed by reacting 72 g of reactant A is 33.0 g.
For the given chemical reaction 3A ⟶ B + 2C, 72.2% yield is given.
We need to find out the number of moles of A required to form 1.167 mol of C.
Yield = 72.2% = 0.722
Moles of C formed = 1.167 mol
The balanced chemical reaction is,3A ⟶ B + 2C
Total moles of product formed = moles of B + moles of C
= (1/1)mol + (2/1) mol
= 3 mol
Moles of A required to form 1 mol of C = 3/2 mol
Moles of A required to form 1.167 mol of C = (3/2) × 1.167 mol
= 1.7505 mol
≈ 1.751 mol
Therefore, the number of moles of A required to form 1.167 mol of C is 1.751 mol.
Reported answer = 1.751 (to three decimal places).
For the given reaction X(s) ⟶ Y(g) + Z(s), theoretical yield of Z = 47.3 g
Molar mass of Z = 82 g/mol
Moles of Z present after the reaction is complete = 0.5 mol
Let the actual yield be y.
The balanced chemical reaction is,X(s) ⟶ Y(g) + Z(s)
The number of moles of Z produced per mole of X reacted = 1
Therefore, moles of Z produced when moles of X reacted = 0.5 mol
Molar mass of Z = 82 g/mol
Mass of Z produced when moles of X reacted = 0.5 × 82 g
= 41 g
% Yield = (Actual yield ÷ Theoretical yield) × 100
%Actual yield, y = 41 g
% Yield = (41 ÷ 47.3) × 100%
= 86.59%
≈ 86.60%
Therefore, the % yield of the reaction is 86.60%.
Given the reaction:2A ⟶5B
(Step 1)B ⟶2C
(Step 2)3C ⟶D
(Step 3)Molar mass of A = 147.1 g/mol
Molar mass of D = 135 g/mol
Mass of A = 72 g
Number of moles of A = (72 g) ÷ (147.1 g/mol)
= 0.489 mol
According to the chemical reaction,2 mol of A produces 1 mol of D
∴ 1 mol of A produces 1/2 mol of D
Therefore, 0.489 mol of A produces = (1/2) × 0.489 mol of D
= 0.2445 mol of D
Molar mass of D = 135 g/mol
Mass of D produced = 0.2445 mol × 135 g/mol
= 33.023 g
≈ 33.0 g
Therefore, the final mass of D that is created when 72 g of reactant A is reacted is 33.0 g (reported with one decimal place).
In the first part, we have to determine the number of moles of A required to form 1.167 mol of C. This can be calculated by determining the number of moles of B and C formed and then using the stoichiometry of the reaction to determine the number of moles of A used. In the second part, we have to determine the % yield of the reaction using the actual and theoretical yield of the reaction. In the third part, we have to determine the final mass of D formed by reacting 72 g of reactant A using the stoichiometry of the reaction. The three given problems are solved with the help of balanced chemical reactions, stoichiometry, and percentage yield of the reaction.
The number of moles of A required to form 1.167 mol of C is 1.751 mol. The % yield of the reaction is 86.60%. The final mass of D formed by reacting 72 g of reactant A is 33.0 g.
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The table shows number of people as a
function of time in hours. Write an equation for
the function and describe a situation that it
could represent. Include the initial value, rate
of change, and what each quantity represents
in the situation.
Hours Number of People
1
150
3
250
5
350
The initial value of 15 represents the number of people present when time is zero. This situation could represent the growth of a population over time, such as a city or a town.
The table that has numbers of people as a function of time in hours is given below; Time (hours) Number of People (n)15032505350To write an equation for the function and describe a situation that it could represent, we need to find the initial value and rate of change.
The initial value is the number of people present when time is equal to zero. From the table, when time is equal to zero, the number of people is 15. Therefore, the initial value is 15.
The rate of change can be found by calculating the difference between two consecutive number of people and dividing by the difference in time.
For example, between time 1 hour and 5 hours, the change in the number of people is 50 – 15 = 35 people, and the difference in time is 5 – 1 = 4 hours. Therefore, the rate of change is (50 – 15) ÷ (5 – 1) = 8.75 people per hour.
To write an equation for the function, we can use the slope-intercept form of a linear equation: y = mx + b, where y is the number of people, m is the rate of change, x is time, and b is the initial value.
Substituting the values we have found, we get: y = 8.75x + 15 The equation y = 8.75x + 15 represents a situation where the number of people increases at a constant rate of 8.75 people per hour.
The initial value of 15 represents the number of people present when time is zero. This situation could represent the growth of a population over time, such as a city or a town.
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1. Solve the equation dy/dx - y^2/x^2 - y/x = 1 with the homogenous substitution method. Solve explicitly
2. Find the complete general solution, putting in explicit form of the ODE x'' - 4x'+4x = 2sin2t
1. The required solutions are y = (1 - Kx)x or y = (1 + Kx)x. To solve the equation dy/dx - y^2/x^2 - y/x = 1 using the homogeneous substitution method, we can make the substitution y = vx.
Let's differentiate y = vx with respect to x using the product rule:
dy/dx = v + x * dv/dx
Now, substitute this into the original equation:
v + x * dv/dx - (v^2 * x^2)/x^2 - v * x/x = 1
Simplifying the equation, we have:
v + x * dv/dx - v^2 - v = 1
Rearranging terms, we get:
x * dv/dx - v^2 = 1 - v
Next, let's divide the equation by x:
dv/dx - (v^2/x) = (1 - v)/x
Now, we have a separable equation. We can move all terms involving v to one side and all terms involving x to the other side:
dv/(1 - v) = (1/x) dx
Integrating both sides, we get:
- ln|1 - v| = ln|x| + C
Taking the exponential of both sides, we have:
|1 - v| = K |x|
Since K is an arbitrary constant, we can rewrite this as: 1 - v = Kx or 1 - v = -Kx
Solving for v in each case, we obtain:
v = 1 - Kx or v = 1 + Kx
Substituting back y = vx, we get two solutions:
y = (1 - Kx)x or y = (1 + Kx)x
These are the explicit solutions to the given differential equation using the homogeneous substitution method.
2. To find the complete general solution of the ODE x'' - 4x' + 4x = 2sin(2t), we can first find the complementary solution. It can be found by solving the corresponding homogeneous equation x'' - 4x' + 4x = 0.
The characteristic equation associated with the homogeneous equation is given by r^2 - 4r + 4 = 0. Solving this quadratic equation, we find that it has a repeated root of r = 2.
Therefore, the complementary solution is given by:
x_c(t) = c1 e^(2t) + c2 t e^(2t)
To find the particular solution, we can use the method of undetermined coefficients. Since the right-hand side of the equation is 2sin(2t), we can assume a particular solution of the form x_p(t) = A sin(2t) + B cos(2t).
Differentiating x_p(t) twice and substituting into the original equation, we get:
-4A sin(2t) - 4B cos(2t) + 4A sin(2t) + 4B cos(2t) = 2sin(2t)
Simplifying, we find that the coefficients A and B cancel out, leaving us with:
0 = 2sin(2t)
This equation is not satisfied for any values of t, so we need to modify our particular solution. Since sin(2t) is a solution to the homogeneous equation, we multiply our assumed particular solution by t:
x_p(t) = t(A sin(2t) + B cos(2t))
Differentiating x_p(t) twice and substituting into the original equation, we get:
-4At sin(2t) - 4Bt cos(2t) + 8At cos(2t) - 8Bt sin(2t) + 4At sin(2t) + 4Bt cos(2t) = 2sin(2t)
Simplifying, we find that the coefficients cancel out, leaving us with:
0 = 2sin(2t)
Again, this equation is not satisfied for any values of t, so we need to modify our particular solution. Since sin(2t) is a solution to the homogeneous equation, we multiply our assumed particular solution by t^2:
x_p(t) = t^2(A sin(2t) + B cos(2t))
Differentiating x_p(t) twice and substituting into the original equation, we get:
-8At^2 sin(2t) - 8Bt^2 cos(2t) + 8At^2 cos(2t) - 8Bt^2 sin(2t) + 4At^2 sin(2t) + 4Bt^2 cos(2t) = 2sin(2t)
Simplifying, we find that the coefficients cancel out again, leaving us with:
0 = 2sin(2t)
Once more, this equation is not satisfied for any values of t. Therefore, our particular solution needs to be modified again. Since sin(2t) is a solution to the homogeneous equation, we multiply our assumed particular solution by t^3:
x_p(t) = t^3(A sin(2t) + B cos(2t))
Differentiating x_p(t) twice and substituting into the original equation, we get:
-12At^3 sin(2t) - 12Bt^3 cos(2t) + 8At^3 cos(2t) - 8Bt^3 sin(2t) + 12At^3 sin(2t) + 12Bt^3 cos(2t) = 2sin(2t)
Simplifying, we find that the coefficients cancel out once again, leaving us with:
0 = 2sin(2t)
Since the equation is satisfied for all values of t, we have found a particular solution:
x_p(t) = t^3(A sin(2t) + B cos(2t))
Therefore, the complete general solution is given by the sum of the complementary solution and the particular solution:
x(t) = x_c(t) + x_p(t)
x(t) = c1 e^(2t) + c2 t e^(2t) + t^3(A sin(2t) + B cos(2t))
This is the explicit form of the ODE x'' - 4x' + 4x = 2sin(2t), including the complete general solution.
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An architectural engineer needs to study the energy efficiencies of at least 1 of 30 large buildings in a certain region. The buildings are numbered sequentially 1,2,…,30. Using decision variables x i=1, if the study includes building i and =0 otherwise. Write the following constraints mathematically: a. The last 10 buildings must be selected. ( 5 points) b. Building 6 and building 11 must be selected. c. At most 7 of the first 20 buildings must be selected. ( 5 points) d. At most 10 buildings of the last 15 buildings must be chosen. ( 5 points)
a) The constraint stating that the last 10 buildings must be chosen can be written as:x21+x22+x23+....+x30 = 10
b) The constraint that building 6 and building 11 must be selected is written as:x6 = 1, x11 = 1
c) The constraint indicating that no more than 7 of the first 20 buildings should be selected can be written as:x1+x2+....+x20 <= 7
d) The constraint indicating that no more than 10 of the last 15 buildings should be selected can be written as:x16+x17+....+x30 <= 10
The architectural engineer's problem is a type of 0-1 integer programming. The objective is to determine which building studies provide the highest energy efficiency.The selection of the buildings is either 1 or 0. If the study includes building i, then xi = 1, if not then xi = 0.
The constraints for the problems are as follows: a) The last 10 buildings must be chosen. The constraint can be written as:x21+x22+x23+....+x30 = 10b) Building 6 and building 11 must be selected.x6 = 1, x11 = 1c) At most 7 of the first 20 buildings must be selected. The constraint can be written as:x1+x2+....+x20 <= 7d) At most 10 buildings of the last 15 buildings must be chosen. The constraint can be written as:x16+x17+....+x30 <= 10
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Suppose that a firm has estimated its demand curve as q = 82,530 - 84*P, where P is the price per unit and q is the quantity of units produced. What is the firm's marginal revenue equal to when it produces 2,954 units?. (Hint: this is the demand, not the inverse demand!)
The marginal revenue of the firm is equal to -3,528 when it produces 2,954 units.
The demand equation of the firm is q = 82530 - 84P. We need to calculate the marginal revenue (MR) of the firm when it produces 2,954 units. The equation for marginal revenue is
MR = dTR/dq
where TR is the total revenue earned by the firm. Since MR is the derivative of TR with respect to q, we need to find the derivative of TR before we can calculate MR. We know that TR = P x q where P is the price and q is the quantity. Therefore, we have:
TR = P x q = P (82530 - 84P) = 82530P - 84P²
Now, we can find the derivative of TR with respect to q: dTR/dq = d(P x q)/dq = P(dq/dP) = P (-84) = -84P
So, the marginal revenue (MR) of the firm when it produces 2,954 units is:
MR = dTR/dq = -84P = -84(42) = -3,528
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A container encloses 31.1 g of CO2(g). The partial pressure of CO2 is 2.79 atm and the volume of the container is 31.3 L. What is theaverage, or root mean square, speed (in m/s) of the CO2 molecules in this container?
To calculate the average root mean square speed of CO2 molecules in a container, use the formula v(rms) = √(3RT/M), where R, T, and M are constants.
To find the average, or root mean square, speed of the CO2 molecules in the container, we can use the following formula:
v(rms) = √(3RT/M)
Where v(rms) is the root mean square speed, R is the gas constant (0.0821 L·atm/mol·K), T is the temperature in Kelvin, and M is the molar mass of CO2 (44.01 g/mol).
First, let's convert the given mass of CO2 to moles:
molar mass of CO2 = 44.01 g/mol
moles of CO2 = mass of CO2 / molar mass of CO2
= 31.1 g / 44.01 g/mol
Next, we need to convert the given volume of the container to liters:
volume = 31.3 L
Now, we can calculate the root mean square speed:
v(rms) = √(3RT/M)
= √(3 * 0.0821 L·atm/mol·K * T / 44.01 g/mol)
Since we don't have the temperature, we cannot calculate the root mean square speed accurately without that information.
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Ethylene oxide is produced by the catalytic oxidation of ethylene: C 2
H 4
+O 2
→C 2
H 4
O An undesired competing reaction is the combustion of ethylene: C 2
H 4
+O 2
→CO 2
+2H 2
O The feed to the reactor (not the fresh feed to the process) contains 3 moles of ethylene per mole of oxygen. The single-pass conversion of ethylene in the reactor is 20%, and 80% of ethylene reacted is to produce of ethylene oxide. A multiple-unit process is used to separate the products: ethylene and oxygen are recycled to the reactor, ethylene oxide is sold as a product, and carbon dioxide and water are discarded. Based on 100 mol fed to the reactor, calculate the molar flow rates of oxygen and ethylene in the fresh feed, the overall conversion of ethylene and the overall yield of ethylene oxide based on ethylene fed. (Ans mol, 15 mol,100%,80% )
The molar flow rates of oxygen and ethylene in the fresh feed are 33.33 mol and 100 mol, respectively. The overall conversion of ethylene is 100%, and the overall yield of ethylene oxide based on ethylene fed is 80%.
How to calculate molar flow rateThe the equation for the catalytic oxidation of ethylene to ethylene oxide is
[tex]C_2H_4 + 1/2O_2 \rightarrow C_2H_4O[/tex]
The equation for the combustion of ethylene to carbon dioxide and water is given as
[tex]C_2H_4 + 3O_2 \rightarrow 2CO_2 + 2H_2O[/tex]
Using the given information, the feed to the reactor contains 3 moles of ethylene per mole of oxygen.
Thus, the molar flow rate of oxygen in the fresh feed is
Oxygen flow rate = 1/3 * 100 mol
= 33.33 mol
The molar flow rate of ethylene in the fresh feed is
Ethylene flow rate = 3/3 * 100 mol
= 100 mol
Since the single-pass conversion of ethylene in the reactor is 20%. Therefore, the molar flow rate of ethylene that reacts in the reactor is
Reacted ethylene flow rate = 0.2 * 100 mol
= 20 mol
For the reacted ethylene, 80% is converted to ethylene oxide.
Therefore, the molar flow rate of ethylene oxide produced is
Ethylene oxide flow rate = 0.8 * 20 mol
= 16 mol
The overall conversion of ethylene is the ratio of the reacted ethylene flow rate to the fresh ethylene flow rate
Overall conversion of ethylene = 20 mol / 100 mol = 100%
Similarly,
Overall yield of ethylene oxide = 16 mol / 100 mol = 80%
Hence, the molar flow rates of oxygen and ethylene in the fresh feed are 33.33 mol and 100 mol, respectively. The overall conversion of ethylene is 100%, and the overall yield of ethylene oxide based on ethylene fed is 80%.
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When the following equation is balanced properly under basic conditions, what are the coefficlents of the species shown? Water appears in the balanced equation as a neither.) How many electrons are transferred in this reaction? When the following equation is balanced properly under basic conditions, what are the coefficients of the species shown? Water appears in the balanced equation as a (reactant, product, neither) with a coefficient of (Enter 0 for neither.) How many electrons are transferred in this reaction?.
The coefficients of species shown are 6, 6, 6, 6, 3 and 0. Water appears in the balanced equation as a product with a coefficient of 3. There are 6 electrons transferred in this reaction.
The given redox reaction is: SO3^2- + BrO^- → SO4^2- + Br^-
Step 1: First, balance the oxidation and reduction half-reactions separately.
Oxidation half-reaction:SO3^2- → SO4^2-Balance O atoms by adding H2O.
SO3^2- → SO4^2- + 2H2OThe oxidation half-reaction is now balanced. Balance the reduction half-reaction:BrO^- → Br^-Add electrons to the half-reaction to balance the reduction half-reaction.6e^- + 6BrO^- → 6Br^- + 3H2O
The reduction half-reaction is now balanced.
Step 2: Multiply the oxidation half-reaction by 6 to balance the number of electrons transferred.6SO3^2- → 6SO4^2- + 12H2O
Step 3: Add the two half-reactions together and cancel out the common terms.6SO3^2- + 6BrO^- + 6e^- → 6SO4^2- + 6Br^- + 3H2O
There are 6 electrons transferred in this reaction.
Water appears in the balanced equation as a product with a coefficient of 3. The coefficients of species shown are 6, 6, 6, 6, 3 and 0.
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17.5 g of an unknown metal 89.9° is placed in 77.0 g of water (s=4.18j/g-°c.What is the specific heat of the metal if thermal equilibrium is reached at 11.8 °C?
Hint q_released =-q absorbed
s=]/g-°C.
The specific heat of the metal is approximately 1.006 J/g-°C.
To solve this problem, we can use the principle of heat transfer, which states that the heat released by the metal is equal to the heat absorbed by the water.
The heat released by the metal can be calculated using the equation:
q_released = m × c × ΔT
where m is the mass of the metal, c is the specific heat of the metal, and ΔT is the change in temperature of the metal.
Given that the mass of the metal is 17.5 g and the change in temperature is 89.9 °C - 11.8 °C = 78.1 °C, we can rewrite the equation as:
q_released = 17.5 g × c × 78.1 °C
The heat absorbed by the water can be calculated using the equation:
q_absorbed = m × s × ΔT
where m is the mass of the water, s is the specific heat of water (4.18 J/g-°C), and ΔT is the change in temperature of the water.
Given that the mass of the water is 77.0 g and the change in temperature is 11.8 °C, we can rewrite the equation as:
q_absorbed = 77.0 g × 4.18 J/g-°C × 11.8 °C
Since the heat released by the metal is equal to the heat absorbed by the water, we can set up the equation:
17.5 g × c × 78.1 °C = 77.0 g × 4.18 J/g-°C × 11.8 °C
Simplifying the equation, we can solve for c:
c = (77.0 g × 4.18 J/g-°C × 11.8 °C) / (17.5 g × 78.1 °C)
Evaluating the expression, we find:
c ≈ 1.006 J/g-°C
Therefore, the specific heat of the metal is approximately 1.006 J/g-°C.
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A cone-shaped paperweight is 5 inches tall, and the base has a circumference of about 12.56 inches. What is the area of the vertical cross section through the center of the base of the paperweight?
Answer:
12.57 square inches
Step-by-step explanation:
Given: Height of paperweight (h) = 5 inches, Circumference of base (C) = 12.56 inches.
The formula for circumference of a circle is: C = 2πr, where r is the radius.
Equate the circumference to 12.56 inches: 12.56 = 2πr.
Solve for the radius (r): r = 12.56 / (2π).
Calculate the radius: r ≈ 2 inches.
The formula for the area of a circle is: A = πr^2.
Substitute the radius (r ≈ 2 inches) into the formula: A = π(2^2) = π(4).
Calculate the area: A ≈ 12.57 square inches.
Differentiate the three possible types of boundary conditions that can be used for second-order partial differential equations, and give a realistic example with associated initial conditions for each.
The three possible types of boundary conditions that can be used for second-order partial differential equations are:
Dirichlet boundary condition, Neumann boundary condition, and Robin boundary condition.
For example, consider the wave equation as given above and the associated initial condition as:
u(x,0) = f(x), and u_t(x,0) = g(x). Here, f(x) and g(x) are two known functions.
Second-order partial differential equations are second-degree differential equations. They have at least one second derivative with respect to at least one independent variable. These partial differential equations arise in many branches of physics, chemistry, and engineering. They are essential to describe the dynamics of different systems.
The three possible types of boundary conditions that can be used for second-order partial differential equations are:
Dirichlet boundary condition, Neumann boundary condition, and Robin boundary condition.
Dirichlet boundary condition: In Dirichlet boundary conditions, the values of the solution function are given at some locations in the domain. For example, consider the Laplace equation. It can be defined as: ∇²u = 0, where u(x,y) is the solution function and x and y are independent variables. Let us assume that the Dirichlet boundary conditions are given at the boundary of the square domain. That is:
u(x,0) = 0, u(x,1) = 0, u(0,y) = y, and u(1,y) = 1 − y.
Neumann boundary condition:
In the Neumann boundary condition, the value of the derivative of the solution function is given at some locations in the domain. For example, consider the heat equation. It can be defined as:u_t = α∇²u, where α is a constant and t is time. Let us assume that the Neumann boundary conditions are given at the boundary of the square domain. That is:∂u/∂x = 0, at x = 0, and u(x,1) = 0, ∂u/∂y = 0, at y = 1.
Robin boundary condition:
The Robin boundary condition is a combination of the Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions. In this case, the value of the solution function and the derivative of the solution function are given at some locations in the domain.
For example, consider the wave equation. It can be defined as: u_tt = c²∇²u, where c is the wave speed. Let us assume that the Robin boundary conditions are given at the boundary of the square domain.
That is: u(x,0) = 0, ∂u/∂y = 0, at y = 0, ∂u/∂x = 0, at x = 1, and u(1,y) = 1, ∂u/∂y + u(1,y) = 0, at y = 1.
Each of these three boundary conditions comes up with a different boundary value problem associated with an initial condition.
For example, consider the wave equation as given above and the associated initial condition as:
u(x,0) = f(x), and u_t(x,0) = g(x). Here, f(x) and g(x) are two known functions.
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Determine the mass (B) and the volumetric dissolving power (X) of the chemical equations shown below. The chemical equation is already balanced and explains the meaning of each dissolving power. Calculate them for HCl 15 %, 28 %, and for formic acid too 1mole Caco, +2 moles HCI-----1mole CaCl2 + 1mole CO, +1mole H,0 CaMg(CO3)2 + 4HCI -- CaCl2 + MgCl2 + 2CO2 + 2H2O Specific gravity of HC115% = 1.07 Specific gravity for HCI 28 % -1.14 Density of water = 1 gram/Cm3 Density of CaCO3 = 2.71 gram/cm3 Density of dolomite = 2.84 gram/cm3 MwCaCO3 = 100.1 gram/mol Mw Dolomite = 184 gram/mol Specific acid of formic acid HCOOH= 1.22
The mass dissolving power and volumetric dissolving power of HCl 15%, 28%, and formic acid are 50.4 g CaC[tex]O_3[/tex] / g HCl and 11.2 L C[tex]O_2[/tex] / g HCl, 44.3 g CaC[tex]O_3[/tex] / g HCl and 10.6 L C[tex]O_2[/tex] / g HCl and 82.2 g CaC[tex]O_3[/tex] / g HCOOH and 22.4 L C[tex]O_2[/tex] / g HCOOH, respectively.
Mass dissolving power (B) is defined as the mass of CaC[tex]O_3[/tex] that can be dissolved by 1 mole of HCl.
Volumetric dissolving power (X) is defined as the volume of C[tex]O_2[/tex] that can be produced by 1 mole of HCl.
The mass dissolving power of HCl 15% is calculated as follows:
B = (1 mole CaC[tex]O_3[/tex] ) / (2 moles HCl) * (100.1 g CaC[tex]O_3[/tex] ) / (1.07 g HCl) = 50.4 g CaC[tex]O_3[/tex] / g HCl
The volumetric dissolving power of HCl 15% is calculated as follows:
X = (1 mole C[tex]O_2[/tex]) / (2 moles HCl) * (22.4 L C[tex]O_2[/tex]) / (1 mol C[tex]O_2[/tex]) = 11.2 L C[tex]O_2[/tex] / g HCl
The mass dissolving power of HCl 28% is calculated as follows:
B = (1 mole CaC[tex]O_3[/tex] ) / (2 moles HCl) * (100.1 g CaC[tex]O_3[/tex] ) / (1.14 g HCl) = 44.3 g CaC[tex]O_3[/tex] / g HCl
The volumetric dissolving power of HCl 28% is calculated as follows:
X = (1 mole C[tex]O_2[/tex]) / (2 moles HCl) * (22.4 L C[tex]O_2[/tex]) / (1 mol C[tex]O_2[/tex]) = 10.6 L C[tex]O_2[/tex] / g HCl
The mass dissolving power of formic acid is calculated as follows:
B = (1 mole CaC[tex]O_3[/tex] ) / (1 mole HCOOH) * (100.1 g CaC[tex]O_3[/tex] ) / (1.22 g HCOOH) = 82.2 g CaC[tex]O_3[/tex] / g HCOOH
The volumetric dissolving power of formic acid is calculated as follows:
X = (1 mole C[tex]O_2[/tex] ) / (1 mole HCOOH) * (22.4 L C[tex]O_2[/tex] ) / (1 mol C[tex]O_2[/tex] ) = 22.4 L C[tex]O_2[/tex] / g HCOOH
Therefore, the mass dissolving power and volumetric dissolving power of HCl 15%, 28%, and formic acid are as follows:
Acid Mass dissolving power (B) Volumetric dissolving power (X)
HCl 15% 50.4 g CaC[tex]O_3[/tex] / g HCl 11.2 L C[tex]O_2[/tex] / g HCl
HCl 28% 44.3 g CaC[tex]O_3[/tex] / g HCl 10.6 L C[tex]O_2[/tex] / g HCl
Formic acid 82.2 g CaC[tex]O_3[/tex] / g HCOOH 22.4 L C[tex]O_2[/tex] / g HCOOH
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Complete the following assignment and submit to your marker. 1. Determine the average rate of change from the first point to the second point for the function y=2x : a. x1=0 and x2=3 b. x2=3 and x2=4
a) Therefore, the average rate of change from the first point to the second point is 2 and b) Therefore, the average rate of change from the first point to the second point is 2..
The given function is y = 2x. The values of x1 and x2 are provided as follows:
a. x1 = 0 and x2 = 3
b. x1 = 3 and x2 = 4
To determine the average rate of change from the first point to the second point, we use the formula given below;
Average rate of change = Δy / Δx
The symbol Δ represents change.
Therefore, Δy means the change in the value of y and Δx means the change in the value of x.
We calculate the change in the value of y by subtracting the value of y at the second point from the value of y at the first point.
Similarly, we calculate the change in the value of x by subtracting the value of x at the second point from the value of x at the first point.
a) When x1 = 0 and x2 = 3
At the first point, x = 0.
Therefore, y = 2(0) = 0.
At the second point, x = 3. Therefore, y = 2(3) = 6.
Change in the value of y = 6 - 0 = 6
Change in the value of x = 3 - 0 = 3
Therefore, the average rate of change from the first point to the second point is;
Average rate of change = Δy / Δx
Average rate of change = 6 / 3
Average rate of change = 2
Therefore, the average rate of change from the first point to the second point is 2.
b) When x1 = 3 and x2 = 4
At the first point, x = 3.
Therefore, y = 2(3) = 6.
At the second point, x = 4.
Therefore, y = 2(4) = 8.
Change in the value of y = 8 - 6 = 2
Change in the value of x = 4 - 3 = 1
Therefore, the average rate of change from the first point to the second point is;
Average rate of change = Δy / Δx
Average rate of change = 2 / 1
Average rate of change = 2
Therefore, the average rate of change from the first point to the second point is 2.
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