The pKb values for the dibasic base B are pKb1=2.10 and pKb2=7.54. Calculate the pH at each of the points in the titration of 50.0 mL of a 0.60 M B(aq) solution with 0.60 M HCl(aq).

Answers

Answer 1

Complete Question

The pKb values for the dibasic base B are pKb1=2.10 and pKb2=7.54. Calculate the pH at each of the points in the titration of 50.0 mL of a 0.60 M B(aq) solution with 0.60 M HCl(aq).

(a) before addition of any HCl (b) after addition of 25.0 mL of HCl

Answer:

a The value  is  [tex]pH =12.81[/tex]

b [tex]pH  = 11.9[/tex]

Explanation:

From the question we are told that

  The first pKb value  for B is [tex]pK_b_1  =  2.10[/tex]

   The second pKb value  for B is [tex]pK_b_2  =  7.54[/tex]

     The volume is  [tex]V =   50.0 mL   =[/tex]

     The  concentration  of  B is  [tex][B]  =  0.60 M[/tex]

     The concentration of [tex]C_A =  0.60 M[/tex]

Generally the reaction equation showing the first dissociation of B is  

[tex]\ce{B_{(aq) } + H_2O _{(l)} <=> BH^+ _{(aq)}  +  OH^- _{(aq)} }[/tex]

Here the ionic  constant for B is mathematically represented as

      [tex]K_i  =  \frac{[BH^+] [OH^-]}{[B]}[/tex]

Let denot the concentration of  [BH^+]  as  z  and  since [tex][BH^+] =  [OH^-][/tex] then [tex][OH^-][/tex] is also  z

So  [B] =  0.60  -  z  

Here [tex]K_i[/tex] is ionic constant for the first reaction of a dibasic base B and the value is

   [tex]K_i  =  7.94 *10^{-3}[/tex]

So

      [tex] 7.94 *10^{-3}=  \frac{z^2}{ 0.60 - z}[/tex]

=>   [tex]z^ 2 + 0.00794 z - 0.00476[/tex]

using quadratic formula to solve this equation

     [tex]z = 0.0651[/tex]

Hence the concentration of  [tex]OH^{-}[/tex] is   [tex][OH^-] =0.0651[/tex]

Generally  [tex]pOH =  -log [OH^-][/tex]

=>    [tex]pOH =  -log (0.065)[/tex]

=>    [tex]pOH = 1.187 [/tex]

Generally the pH is mathematically represented as

    [tex]pH = 14 - 1.187[/tex]

      [tex]pH =12.81[/tex]

Generally the volume of [tex]HCl[/tex] at the second dissociation of the base B is   [tex] 50 mL [/tex]

The volume of the [tex]HCl[/tex] half way to the first dissociation of the base is 25mL

Now the pOH at half way to the first dissociation of the base is  

     [tex]pOH  =  -log(K_i)[/tex]

=>   [tex]pOH  =  -log(0.00794)[/tex]

=>   [tex]pOH  =  2.100[/tex]

Generally the pH after addition of 25.0 mL of HCl is  

    [tex]pH  =  14 -  2.100[/tex]\

=>   [tex]pH  = 11.9[/tex]

Answer 2

The first dissociation's equation is as follows:

[tex]B(aq) + H_2O(l) \leftrightharpoons BH^{+} (aq) + OH^{-}(aq) \\\\[/tex]

Constant of base ionization

[tex]\to K_{bl}=\frac{[BH^{+}][OH^{-}]}{[B]}\\\\ \to 7.94\times 10^{-3} = \frac{x\times x}{(0.95- x)} \\\\\to 7.94\times 10^{-3} = \frac{x^2}{(0.95- x)} \\\\\to x^2=7.94\times 10^{-3} (0.95-x) \\\\\to x^2=7.543\times 10^{-3} - 7.94\times 10^{-3} x) \\\\\to x^2=7.543\times 10^{-3} - 7.94\times 10^{-3} x) \\\\\to x = 0.0830\ M\\\\[/tex]

So,

[tex]\to [OH^{-}] = 0.0830\ M\\\\[/tex]

The second dissociation of the base equation is

[tex]BH^{+}\ (aq) + H_20\ (l) \leftrightharpoons BH_2^{2+}\ (aq) + OH^{-}\ (aq) \\\\[/tex]

Constant of base ionization

[tex]\to K_{bl}=\frac{[BH^{+}][OH^{-}]}{[B]}\\\\ \to 3.2 \times 10^{-8} =\frac{y \times (0.0830+y)}{(0.0830- y)}\\\\[/tex]

[tex]\to y= \frac{ 3.2 \times 10^{-8} \times (0.0830- y)}{ (0.0830+y)} \\\\ \to y= \frac{ 3.2 \times 10^{-8} \times (0.0830- y)}{ (0.0830+y)} \\\\ \to y = 3.2\times 10^{-8}[/tex]

So,

[tex]\to [OH^{-}] = 0.0830\ M \\\\\to pOH = 1.08 \\\\\to pH = 14.00 - pOH = 12.92\\\\[/tex]

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The PKb Values For The Dibasic Base B Are PKb1=2.10 And PKb2=7.54. Calculate The PH At Each Of The Points

Related Questions

How does ionic bond forms?

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Answer:

Ionic bond, also called electrovalent bond, type of linkage formed from the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions in a chemical compound. Such a bond forms when the valence (outermost) electrons of one atom are transferred permanently to another atom.

Explanation: i took the same test

Answer:

it forms where a metal element and a non metal element react together to form a now compound

If 1.02 g of nickel reacted with 750. mL of 0.112 M hydrobromic acid, how much of each will be present at the end of the reaction if you captured the gas in a 2.50 L vessel at 30 C

Answers

Answer:

35.1% is percent yield

Explanation:

Full question: Assume no volume change.  If you formed 0.0910 atm of gas, what is the percent yield?

The reaction that is occurring is:

Ni + 3HBr → NiBr₃ + 3/2H₂(g)

First, we will determine moles of Ni and HBr to determine limiting reactant and theoretical yield

Using ideal gas law, we can determine the moles of hydrogen formed. Thus, we can find percent yield:

Moles Ni (Molar mass: 58.69g/mol):

1.02g * (1mol / 58.69g) = 0.01738moles Ni

Moles HBr:

0.750L * (0.112mol/L) = 0.084 moles of HBr.

For a complete reaction of the 0.084 moles of HBr you need:

0.084mol HBr * (1 mole Ni / 3 moles HBr) = 0.028 moles of Ni.

As there are just 0.01738 moles of Ni, the Ni is limiting reactant. Assuming a theoretical yield, moles of H₂ produced are:

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Now, moles of H₂ produced are:

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Where P is pressure (0.0910atm)

V is volume (2.50L)

R is gas constant (0.082atmL/molK)

T is absolute temperature in Kelvin (30°C + 273.15 = 303.15K)

And n are moles

PV/RT = n

0.0910atm*2.50L/0.082atmL/molK*303.15K = n

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And percent yield (Produced moles / Theoretical moles * 100) is:

0.00915 moles / 0.02607moles =

35.1% is percent yield

What is the acceleration of a 7 kg mass if a force of 68.6 N is used to move it toward earth

Answers

Answer:

acceleration = force/mass

                 = (68.6+mg)/7

                 = 19.6 m/s²

Explanation:

9.8 m/s² is the acceleration acting on 7 kg mass if force of 68.6 N  is used to move it towards earth.

What is force?

Force is defined as a cause which is capable of changing the motion of an object. It can cause an object which has mass to change it's velocity. It is also simply a push or a pull . It has both magnitude as well as direction.Hence, it is a vector quantity.

It has SI units of Newton and is represented by'F'.Newton's second law states that force which acts on an object is equal to momentum which changes with time. If mass of object is constant, acceleration is directly proportional to net force acting on an object.

The concepts which related to force are thrust and torque .Thrust increases the velocity of an object and torque produces change in rotational speed of an object.

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What are the signs that you are getting nervous 18 POINTS )

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- hands start getting sweaty
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- the feeling of being overwhelmed
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23994Pu + 10n → BCBa + 9138Sr + 3 10n

B=??

a
150
b
100
c
140
d
146

Answers

Answer:

the answer to this question is c 140

Soil is an example of a:
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b. heterogeneous mixture
c. solid solution

Answers

Answer:

Heterogeneous mixture

Explanation:

Soil is composed of small pieces of a variety of materials, so it is a heterogeneous mixture.

You need to make 700 mL of a 2.8 M KOH solution. How many grams of KOH should you measure out to make the solution?
Please show steps solution for this question to get the answer.

Answers

Answer:

The answer is 109.76 g

Explanation:

In order to find out the mass of KOH to be used we use the formula

m = c × M × v

where

m is the mass

c is the concentration in mol/dm³

M is the molar mass

v is the volume in dm³

From the question

c = 2.8 M

v = 700 mL = 0.7 dm³

Mr( K) = 39 , Mr(O) = 16 , Mr(H) = 1

we have

Molar mass of KOH = 39 + 16 + 1

= 56 g/mol

So we have

m = 2.8 × 56 × 0.7

We have the final answer as

109.76 g

Hope this helps you

Aqueous solutions of calcium chloride and sodium hydroxide are mixed together, forming solid calcium hydroxide and aqueous sodium chloride. Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction. Phases are optional.

Answers

Answer:

CaCl₂ (aq) + 2NaOH (aq) —> Ca(OH)₂ (s) + 2NaCl (aq)

Explanation:

The equation for the reaction is given below:

CaCl₂ (aq) + NaOH (aq) —> Ca(OH)₂ (s) + NaCl (aq)

The above equation can be balance by as follow:

CaCl₂ (aq) + NaOH (aq) —> Ca(OH)₂ (s) + NaCl (aq)

There are 2 atoms of Cl on the left side and 1 atom on the right side. It can be balance by putting 2 in front NaCl as shown below:

CaCl₂ (aq) + NaOH (aq) —> Ca(OH)₂ (s) + 2NaCl (aq)

There are 2 atoms of Na on the right side and 1 atom on the left side. It can be balance by putting 2 in front of NaOH as shown below:

CaCl₂ (aq) + 2NaOH (aq) —> Ca(OH)₂ (s) + 2NaCl (aq)

Now, the equation is balanced.

What two particles make up matter?

Answers

Answer:

Protons,electrons,and neutrons make up matter

Explanation:

i studied this so hope it helps

iron (III) oxide pentahydrate formula

Answers

Answer:

Molecular Formula Fe2O12S3·5H2O

IUPAC Name iron(3+);tri sulfate;pentahydrate

Explanation:

what particular distribution you share in earth?​

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Answer:

trees

Explanation:

we plant trees hindi sure kung tama to hihi

In chemistry, one often uses a unit of charge known as the Faraday, F, which has the magnitude of the charge of 1 mole of electrons. How many faradays of charge does that correspond to

Answers

Answer:

1 Faraday

Explanation:

This question seeks to test proper understanding of Faraday's second law of electrolysis which states when the same quantity electricity passes through a solution of different electrolytes, the mass of the substance deposited is directly proportional to there chemical equivalence.

This law hints at the charges of ions being the chemical equivalence and also been represented as the unit for the quantity of electricity in faraday, F. Hence, a metal with the charge of 1+ can be displaced by 1F (which is equal to 96, 500 coloumbs). This charge also represents one molecule of electron, thus 1 faraday corresponds to one mole of electrons.

NOTE: It should be noted that a metal with the charge of 2+ can be displaced by 2F and so on.

A graduated cylinder is filled to an initial volume of 25mL. A solid object is dropped into the graduated cylinder. The final volume of the graduated cylinder is 60mL. The mass of the object is 140g. What is the density of the solid object?

Answers

Answer:

The answer is 4 g/mL

Explanation:

The density of a substance can be found by using the formula

[tex]density = \frac{mass}{volume} \\ [/tex]

volume = final volume of water - initial volume of water

volume = 60 - 25 = 35 mL

From the question we have

[tex]density = \frac{140}{35} \\ [/tex]

We have the final answer as

4 g/mL

Hope this helps you

What is the mass/volume percent of a solution with 7.5g of Na2CO3 dissolved in 20.0 g of water?
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Answers

Answer:

7.5%

Explanation:

I just know it's that

If an atom has a neutral charge, it must have

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Answer:

Proton or electron. I think, not sure.

Explanation:

A proton and an electron have an equal amount but an opposite type of charge. Thus, if an atom contains equal numbers of protons and electrons, the atom is described as being electrically neutral.

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What processes are related to metamorphism

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Answer:

Metamorphism is the change of minerals or geologic texture (distinct arrangement of minerals) in pre-existing rocks (protoliths), without the protolith melting into liquid magma (a solid-state change). The change occurs primarily due to heat, pressure, and the introduction of chemically active fluids.

Explanation:

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17. What is the average atomic mass of the following isotopic mixture - 22.00% of 159.3 g/mole; 78.00% of
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Answers

(0.22)*(159.3) + (0.78)*(161.2)
34.046 + 125.736 = 159.8 g/mole

The average atomic mass is given by the individual atomic masses of the isotope of the element and its percentage. The average atomic mass of the isotopic mixture is 159.8 g/mole.

What are isotopes?

Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons in their nucleus but have a different number of neutrons that alters their atomic masses. The relative abundance of the isotope of the element affects the average atomic mass of the mixture.

The formula for average atomic mass for the mixture of isotopes is given as:

Average atomic mass = ∑ (mass × abundance)

Given,

Abundance of isotope 1 = 22.00 %

Mass of isotope 1 = 159.3 g/mole

Abundance of isotope 2 = 78.00 %

Mass of isotope 2 = 161.2g/mole

Substituting values in the formula of average atomic mass as:

Average atomic mass = isotope 1 (mass × abundance) + isotope 2 (mass × abundance)

= (0.22) × (159.3) + (0.78) × (161.2)

= 34.046 + 125.736

= 159.8 g/mole

Therefore, the average atomic mass of the mixture of the two isotopes is 159.8 g/mole.

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Selenium has six valence electrons. What is the valence of selenium?

HELP ILL MARK BRAINLEST

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the valence of selenium is 6

An electrochemical cell has an Eocell of 1.50 V and transfers 1 mole of electrons. The Faraday constant is 96,485 C/mol e-.
What is the value of delta G?

Answers

Answer:

ΔG° = -1.45 × 10⁵ J

Explanation:

Step 1: Given data

Standard cell potential (E°cell): 1.50 VMoles of electrons transferred (n): 1 mol e⁻Faraday constant (F): 96,485 C/mol e⁻

Step 2: Calculate the standard Gibbs free energy change (ΔG°)

We will use the following expression.

ΔG° = -n × F × E°cell

ΔG° = -1 mol e⁻ × 96,485 C/mol e⁻ × 1.50 V

ΔG° = -1.45 × 10⁵ J

By apply Gibbs's free energy, the value of delta G is equal to -144727.5 Joules.

Given the following data:

Faraday constant = 96,485 C/mol e-[tex]E^{ \circ}_{cell}[/tex] = 1.50 VoltsNumber of moles of electrons = 1 mol

To determine the value of delta G, we would apply Gibbs's free energy:

Mathematically, Gibbs's free energy is given by the formula:

[tex]\Delta G^\circ = -nFE^{ \circ}_{cell}[/tex]

Where:

F is Faraday constant.n is the number of moles.[tex]E^{ \circ}_{cell}[/tex] is the electromotive force.

Substituting the given parameters into the formula, we have;

[tex]\Delta G^\circ = -1 \times 96485 \times 1.50[/tex]

[tex]\Delta G^\circ = -144727.5[/tex]

Delta G = -144727.5 Joules

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What do you need to measure the amount of energy in food

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Answer:

u measure how much power it has

Explanation:

for example u can power a light bulb woth it if u can it was 100eg energy

1. Determine the electron-domain geometry and molecular geometry for each of the following.a. SBr2b. PI4+c. IBr2−2. The following three compounds all have the same general formula, XF4. Compare the electron-domain geometries of these three compounds and explain what characteristic(s) of the central atom causes differences in geometry.a. SiF4:b. SeF4:c. XeF4:

Answers

Answer:

SBr2

Electron geometry-tetrahedral; molecular geometry-trigonal pyramidal

PI4+

Electron geometry-tetrahedral; moleculargeometry-tetrahedralr

IBr2

Electron geometry - tetrahedral ; molecular shape - bent

Explanation:

We have to carefully consider the issues in question 2.

First of all, the compound SiF4 is an AX4 molecule so both it's electron domain geometry and molecular geometry are tetrahedral. The molecule has no lone pairs.

For SeF4, the compound is a molecule of the type AX4E, its molecular geometry is trigonal bipyramid but its molecular geometry is see-saw because of the presence of a lone pair of electrons on the central atom, selenium.

For XeF4, the electron domain geometry is octahedral but its molecular geometry is square planar. The molecule is of the type AX4E2 and the two lone pairs are positioned above and below the plane of the square.

where in water is being converted into a gaseous form?
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transportation
precipitation ​

Answers

Answer:

It's called Evaporation.

why ice melt into water​

Answers

Heat gives more energy to the particles within ice. This allows them to move more freely, and will turn from a solid to a liquid.
Ice melts into water because ice is a solid at first then it reeks into a liquid

which one of these best defines climate
please help i will mark brainlest answer if correct asap ​

Answers

Answer:

Long term condition of the atmosphere

Explanation:

I think this is right.

I hope this helps! (✿◕‿◕✿)

Predict which of the following metals reacts with hydrochloric acid.
Check all that apply.
-Sn
-Hg
-Cr
-Ni

Answers

Answer:

Pb, Cr, Fe

Explanation:

The metals that can react with hydrochloric acid are; Sn, Cr and Ni.

The electrochemical series shows the reactivity of elements. An element can only replace another element in solution when that element is higher in the electrochemical series.

The metals that can replace hydrogen in a solution of hydrochloric acid must be metals that are above hydrogen in the electrochemical series. These metals are; Sn, Cr and Ni. Hg is a noble metal hence it does not replace hydrogen in an acid solution.

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An insulated container is used to hold 47.0 g of water at 23.5°C. A sample of copper weighing 10.3 g is placed in a dry test tube and
heated for 30 minutes in a boiling water bath at 100.0°C. The heated test tube is carefully removed from the water bath with laboratory
tongs and inclined so that the copper slides into the water in the insulated container. Given that the specific heat of solid copper is
0.385 J/(g.°C), calculate the maximum temperature of the water in the insulated container after the copper metal is added.

Answers

Answer:

[tex]T_f=25.0\°C[/tex]

Explanation:

Hello.

In this case, considering that the sample of hot copper is submerged into the water and the container is isolated, the heat lost by the copper is gained by the water so we can write:

[tex]Q_{Cu}=-Q_w[/tex]

In terms of mass, specific heat and temperature we write:

[tex]m_{Cu}C_{Cu}(T_f-T_{Cu})=-m_wC_w(T_f-T_w)[/tex]

Whereas the final temperature is the same for both copper and water because they are in contact until thermal equilibrium is reached. In such a way, the required maximum temperature no more than the equilibrium temperature and is computed as shown below:

[tex]T_f=\frac{m_{Cu}C_{Cu}T_{Cu}+m_wC_wT_w}{m_{Cu}C_{Cu}+m_wC_w}[/tex]

Thus, plugging the given data in the formula, we obtain:

[tex]T_f=\frac{10.3g*0.385\frac{J}{g\°C}*100\°C +47.0g*4.184\frac{J}{g\°C}*23.5\°C }{10.3g*0.385\frac{J}{g\°C}+47.0g*4.184\frac{J}{g\°C}}\\\\T_f=25.0\°C[/tex]

Which is a small change considering the initial one, because the mass of water is greater than the mass of copper as well as for the specific heats.

Best regards!

The maximum temperature of the water in the insulated container after the copper metal is added is 25 °C

From the question given above above, the following data were obtained:

Mass of water (Mᵥᵥ) = 47 g

Temperature of water (Tᵥᵥ) = 23.5°C

Specific heat capacity of water (Cᵥᵥ) = 4.184 J/gºC

Mass of copper (M꜀) = 10.3 g

Temperature of copper (M꜀) = 100 °C

Specific heat capacity of copper (C꜀) = 0.385 J/gºC

Equilibrium temperature (Tₑ) =?

The equilibrium temperature of the mixture can be obtained as follow:

Heat loss by copper = Heat gained by water

Q꜀ = Qᵥᵥ

M꜀C꜀(M꜀ – Tₑ) = MᵥᵥCᵥᵥ(Tₑ– Mᵥᵥ)

10.3 × 0.385 (100 – Tₑ) = 47 × 4.184 (Tₑ – 23.5)

3.9655 (100 – Tₑ) = 196.648 (Tₑ – 23.5)

Clear bracket

396.55 – 3.9655Tₑ = 196.648Tₑ – 4621.228

Collect like terms

396.55 + 4621.228 = 196.648Tₑ + 3.9655Tₑ

5017.778 = 200.6135Tₑ

Divide both side by 200.6135

Tₑ = 5017.778 / 200.613

Tₑ = 25 °C

Thus, the equilibrium temperature of the mixture is 25 °C. Therefore, the maximum temperature of the water in the insulated container is 25 °C

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Which of these is the term for the rate of flow of energy in a circuit?

velocity
electricity
resistance
current

Answers

electricity would be your answer

What is the particle behavior of an liquid?

Answers

Answer: The particles are moving fast but close together.

Answer:

its in the explanation.

Explanation:

1.In liquids, particles are quite close together and move with random motion throughout the container. Particles move rapidly in all directions but collide with each other more frequently than in gases due to shorter distances between particles.

2.It assumes the shape of the part of the container which it occupies particles can move/slide past one another.

Hope this helps. :)

The natural abundance for boron isotopes is 19.9% 10B and 80.1%
11B Calculate boron's atomic mass.

Answers

Answer:

10.801 amu

Explanation:

From the question given above, the following data were obtained:

Isotope A (¹⁰B):

Mass of A = 10

Abundance (A%) = 19.9%

Isotope B (¹¹B):

Mass of B = 11

Abundance (B%) = 80.1%

Atomic mass of Boron =?

The atomic mass of boron can be obtained as illustrated below:

Atomic mass = [(Mass of A × A%)/100] + [(Mass of B × B%)/100]

= [(10 × 19.9)/100] + [(11 × 80.1)/100]

= 1.99 + 8.811

= 10.801 amu

Thus, the atomic mass of boron is 10.801 amu

The atomic mass of boron with natural abundance of 19.9% of 10 B and 80.1%  of 11 B is 10.801 amu

Boron has 2 isotopes.

First isotopes

mass = 10

% abundance = 19.9%

Second Isotopes

mass = 11

% abundance = 80.1%

Therefore,

Atomic mass = (19.9% of 10) + (80.1% of 11)

Atomic mass = (19.9 / 100 × 10) + (80.1 / 100 × 11)

Atomic mass = 199 / 100 + 881.1 / 100

Atomic mass = 1.99 + 8.811

Atomic mass = 10.801

Atomic mass = 10.801 amu

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liquid containing a mixture of neon and xenon was cooled down. One gas solidified at -249 °C and the other at –112 °C. Identify which noble gas solidified at -249 °C and which at -112 °C. Justify your answer.

Answers

Answer:

The noble gases (Group 18) are located in the far right of the periodic table and were previously referred to as the "inert gases" due to the fact that their filled valence shells (octets) make them extremely nonreactive. The noble gases were characterized relatively late compared to other element groups.

The History

The first person to discover the noble gases was Henry Cavendish in the late 180th century. Cavendish distinguished these elements by chemically removing all oxygen and nitrogen from a container of air. The nitrogen was oxidized to  NO2  by electric discharges and absorbed by a sodium hydroxide solution. The remaining oxygen was then removed from the mixture with an absorber. The experiment revealed that 1/120 of the gas volume remained un-reacted in the receptacle. The second person to isolate, but not typify, them was William Francis (1855-1925). Francis noted the formation of gas while dissolving uranium minerals in acid.

Argon

In 1894, John William Strutt discovered that chemically-obtained pure nitrogen was less dense than the nitrogen isolated from air samples. From this breakthrough, he concluded that another, unknown gas was present in the air. With the aid of William Ramsay, Strutt managed to replicate and modify Cavendish's experiment to better understand the inert component of air in his original experiment. The researchers' procedure differed from the Cavendish procedure: they removed the oxygen by reacting it with copper, and removed the nitrogen in a reaction with magnesium. The remaining gas was properly characterized and the new element was named "argon," which originates from the Greek word for "inert."

Helium

Helium was first discovered in 1868, manifesting itself in the solar spectrum as a bright yellow line with a wavelength of 587.49 nanometers. This discovery was made by Pierre Jansen. Jansen initially assumed it was a sodium line. However, later studies by Sir William Ramsay (who isolated helium on Earth by treating a variety of rare elements with acids) confirmed that the bright yellow line from his experiment matched up with that in the spectrum of the sun. From this, British physicist William Crookes identified the element as helium.

Neon, Krypton, Xenon

These three noble gases were discovered by Morris W. Travers and Sir William Ramsay in 1898. Ramsay discovered neon by chilling a sample of the air to a liquid phase, warming the liquid, and capturing the gases as they boiled off. Krypton and xenon were also discovered through this process.

Radon

In 1900, while studying the decay chain of radium, Friedrich Earns Dorn discovered the last gas in Group 18: radon. In his experiments, Dorn noticed that radium compounds emanated radioactive gas. This gas was originally named niton after the Latin word for shining, "nitens". In 1923, the International Committee for Chemical Elements and International Union of Pure Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) decided to name the element radon. All isotopes of radon are radioactive. Radon-222 has the longest half-life at less than 4 days, and is an alpha-decay product of Radium-226 (part of the U-238 to Pb-206 radioactive decay chain).

The Electron Configurations for Noble Gases

Helium 1s2

Neon [He] 2s2 2p6

Argon [Ne] 3s2 3p6

Krypton [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p6

Xenon [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p6

Radon [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p

Explanation:

Other Questions
How does oxygen get into the cell in order for cellular respiration to occur?A.DiffusionB.ExocytosisC.OsmosisD.Endocytosis Find the rate of change On a certain Friday night, the local baseball stadium earned $867.50 in revenue from ticket sales on 310 tickets. Ticket prices are $3.00 for adults and $2.50 for children. How many adults attended the game on Friday? Lesson4Words to KnowUnderstanding the following words will help you read this lesson:TERMS & NAMESprimary sourcesecondary sourceoral historyHow HistoriansStudy the PastBuild on What You Know You may know where your parents or ancestors came from and some of the stories about them. Relatives and their stories help people understand their family history. Now learn what historians use to help them understand the past.Understanding the PastESSENTIAL QUESTION What questions do historians ask to help them understand the past?People investigate their family history to find out about their ancestors. In the process, however, they also find out about themselves. We study world history for the same reasons.Why Study History? What has already happened to a person, a family, or asociety affects what will occur today and in the future. But history is much more than simply recounting and studying past events. Examining a historical event also involves studying a societys culture, religion, politics, and economics.When historians examine past events, they try to find patterns. They look for causes and effects that explain how and why events happened. They also try to understand why some ideas and traditions last and why others die out. Just as important, historians attempt to see the past through the eyes of the people who lived it. By doing so, historians gain greater insight into human nature and answer important historical questions.Asking Historical Questions As historians study the past, they ask themselves questions like those below. These questions help historians compare different societies and draw conclusions about the past. How have groups or societies interacted, and what have been the results? How have leaders governed societies? How have belief systems developed and changed? How have societies dealt with differences among their people? How have societies tried to protect peoples security? How are societies similar and different?Why do we study history?The Historians ToolsESSENTIAL QUESTION What methods do historians use to help them answer questions about what happened in the past? When you hang up a picture, you use a hammer to pound in the nail. Historians also use tools to do their job. These tools include primary sources, secondary sources, and oral history.Primary Sources A primary source is something written or created by a person who witnessed a historical event. You will learn about an ancient primary source on the next page. Primary sources include letters, diaries, eyewitness articles, videotapes, speeches, and photographs. Artifacts, such as the human-made tools, are also primary sources.loading...How Knowledge of the Past ChangesESSENTIAL QUESTION What steps do historians take as they answer historical questions?Detectives use fingerprints and other evidence to solve crimes. Historians act as detectives too. They use evidence from primary, secondary, and oral sources.Fact or Fiction? Historical evidence isnt always as simple as a bloodstain at a crimescene. Historians sometimes have more information than they can use when they try to answer a question. They must sort through all of the information and choose whats most important and most trustworthy as evidence. In addition, sometimes what historians thought was true turns out to be false. For instance, one historian proved that the so-called mummyscurse was false. According to legend, the curse would kill anyone who entered the tomb of an ancient Egyptian ruler. Many people believed the curse had caused the death of English archaeologist Lord Carnarvon. He died suddenly in 1923, shortly after entering the tombof ancient Egyptian ruler King Tut. People believe that the other archaeologists who had entered the tomb between 1923 and 1926 would also die as a result of the curse. However, a historian later examined the archaeologists death records. Their average age at death was70 years. The evidence did not support the existence of the mummys curse.Drawing Conclusions The mummys curse was easy to disprove. But not all historical questions are so easily answered. Sometimes different historians arrive at different conclusions based on the same facts.Answer the following questions2. What is the difference between primary and secondary sources? 5) The chief effect of the imagery and figures of speech in paragraph 15 is toA. prolong the outcome of the events by building suspenseB. emphasize the authors tactful and methodical approach to presenting his case to the BoardC. highlight the Police Commissioners evil natureD. provide the reader with a sense of the emotion surrounding the events without detailing specific horrorsE. justify to the readers why the childrens tales had to be told publicly How many H2O particles are in 6 moles of water? Name the goods and foods that went from the New World to the Old World andthe Old World to the New World during the Columbian Exchange. Math the feature or term to the characteristics in column 2Earthquake FaultHimalayasSubduction zoneTo:When one plate goes under anotherBrake in the crustCaused by continents collidingOccurs when a fault slips Answer ASAP!!! LOOK AT PIC FOR QUESTION. A chemist measured a solution of 15.5 mL of a copper chloridesolution in water. This is an example ofdata. Light is produced by which fundamental force?strong nuclearelectromagneticweak nucleargravitational The topmost stone in an archway is the The amount of matter in a substance or object is called:??? What the answer Represent each expression as a multiple of a sum of whole numbers with no common factor. 9 (2 + 4 + 3) 4 (4 + 7 + 12) 12 (3 + 8 + 1) 14 (9 + 2 + 1) 27 (2 + 3 + 1) 22 (4 + 3 + 1) (36 + 96 + 12) arrowRight (126 + 28 + 14) arrowRight (16 + 28 + 48) arrowRight (18 + 36 + 27) arrowRight (54 + 81 + 27) arrowRight (88 + 66 + 22) arrowRight Which prefix means after?(1 point)post-ante-aero-pro- find a function r(t) that describess the curve where the following surfaces intersect. answere are not unique x^2 y^2 y=3x-5 identify y intercept within equation how was aristotles model similar to ptolemys model The slope of AB is 6/5 if point A is (3,y) and point B is (-2,-1) find the value of y - Find the sum of (2+4i) and (3-6i)