the lead-acid storage battery is the oldest rechargeable battery in existence. it was invented in by french physician gaston plante and still retains application today, more than years later. there are two reactions that take place during discharge of the lead-acid storage battery. in one step, sulfuric acid decomposes to form sulfur trioxide and water: (l) (g) (l) in another step, lead, lead(iv) oxide, and sulfur trioxide react to form lead(ii) sulfate: (s) (s) (g) (s) calculate the net change in enthalpy for the formation of one mole of lead(ii) sulfate from lead, lead(iv) oxide, and sulfuric acid from these reactions. round your answer to the nearest .

Answer: Energy of motion :)

Answer: the answer to your question is the energy of motion

Explanation:

The energy of a photon can be calculated by multiplying Planck's constant by the frequency of the light.

According to this question, the relationship between the energy of a photon and the frequency of light was determined by Ernst Planck. He proposed a equation as follows:

E = hf

Where;

The energy of a frequency 4.0 × 10¹⁴ Hz can be calculated as follows:

E = 6.626 × 10-³⁴ × 4 × 10¹⁴

E = 2.65 × 10-¹⁹J

λ = hc/E

λ = 6.626 × 10-³⁴ × 3 × 10⁸/2.65 × 10-¹⁹

λ = 1.988 × 10-²⁵/2.65 × 10-¹⁹

λ = 7.5 × 10-⁷m

Therefore, 7.5 × 10-⁷m is the wavelength of the photon.

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The balanced reaction equation for this redox reaction is:

4NO(g) + O₂(g) → 2N₂O₃(g)

The rate of [NO] decreasing is 1.054 M/s.

This is a redox reaction, so to balance it, we need to identify which elements change their oxidation state. Obviously, nitrogen is oxidized from +2 (N²⁺O²⁻) to +3 (N⁺³₂O²⁻₃), and oxygen is reduced from 0 (O⁰₂) to -2.

N²⁺ → N⁺³ + e⁻

O⁰₂ + 4e⁻ → 2O²⁻

In order for the number of electrons released and taken to be the same, we  need to multiply the number of nitrogens by 4:

4N²⁺ → 4N⁺³ + 4e⁻

O⁰₂ + 4e⁻ → 2O²⁻

We can now apply these numbers to the reaction equation:

4NO(g) + O₂(g) → 2N₂O₃(g)

With the balanced reaction equation, we can see that 4 moles of NO produce 2 moles of N₂O₃. So if 0.527 M were produced in a single second, the rate of NO decreasing would be 2 * 0.527 M = 1.054 M/s.

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Independent variable: Hole height

Water squirting distance is a dependent variable.

The size of the perforations in the milk carton is constant.

During experiments, the value of the independent variable is frequently changed, and the impact of the change on the dependent variable is then measured.

The variable that is actually being measured during an experiment is known as the dependent variable. Changes in the independent variable's values have an impact on the dependent variable's value.

Variables that don't vary over the course of an experiment are known as constants.

Hence, in the illustration:

Independent variable: the height of holes on the milk carton

Dependent variable: distance of squirting water

Constant: the size of holes punched into the milk carton

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COMPLETE QUESTION:

Directions: Read the given scenarios below. Identify each required component for each scenario.

Scenario 1:

A student is studying how far room-temperature water would squirt out of a plastic milk carton when 4 mm holes are punched at different heights from the bottom of the container. Describe which are the independent and dependent variables as well as indicate the constants involved within the experiment and why those are the constants.

Independent Variable:

Dependent Variable:

Constants:​

The average atomic mass of Raiderium = 43.847amu

Average atomic mass = f1M1 + f2M2 + f3M3

where,

f is the fraction representing the natural abundance of the isotope

M is the mass number (weight) of the isotope.

(0.74655)(43.064amu) + (0.24958)(46.125amu) + (0.00387)(47.982amu)  = 43.847amu

Atomic mass (ma or m) is the mass of an atom. Although the SI unit of mass is the kilogram (symbol: kg), atomic mass is often expressed in the non-SI unit Dalton (symbol: Da) – the equivalent of the unit atomic mass unit (u). 1 Da is defined as 1⁄12 of the mass of a free carbon-12 atom at rest in the ground state. Protons and neutrons in the nucleus make up almost all of the total mass of atoms, and the ratio of electron binding energy and nuclear force is small. Thus, the numerical value of atomic mass expressed in Daltons is almost the same as the mass number.

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The first drop of distillate would contain 33 mol% of toluene and 67 mol% of cyclohexane. We can reach this conclusion by consulting the boiling point composition curve attached.

When analyzing the composition of the vapor phase and the liquid phase during the distillation of two liquids with different boiling points, it is necessary to use the boiling point composition curve.

We begin on the right by finding the point on the curve that corresponds to our initial mixture composition (90 mol% toluene, 10 mol% cyclohexane). We then move to the left, to find the composition of the vapor phase. This will be the composition of the distillate after one theoretical plate (approximately 67 mol% toluene, 33 mol% cyclohexane). Because we have two theoretical plates, we repeat the process, but now the composition of the liquid phase is the same as the vapor phase because we are now basically distilling our first distillate for the second time.

So we again move to the left to find the composition of the vapor phase, which will be the composition of our distillate after two theoretical plates: 33 mol% toluene and 67 mol% cyclohexane.

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the answer is 6.0°C that is the solution

Answer:

b

Explanation:

water is generally transparent and smooth to the touch unless it is frozen, then it is rough

The nuclide symbol for an atom with 26 protons 31 neutrons and 24 electrons is X⁵⁷₂₆ .

This scientific model is expressed in the form ᵃₙX, where a denotes the total number of protons and neutrons and is also referred to as the mass number, n represents the number of protons which is the atomic number.

Since the number of proton given is 26, then n which is the atomic number is 26. The mass number is the total number of protons and neutrons.

26 + 31 = 57.

Since therefore means that a which is the mass number is 57.

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Answer:55*

Explanation:55*

The reaction classification of the reaction, [tex]A_2B (l) -- > A_2 (g) + B_2 (g)[/tex], is a decomposition reaction.

In chemistry, a decomposition reaction is one in which a compound or a reactant decomposes to produce two or more chemically unique substances as the products.

Thus, a typical decomposition reaction can be written as:

AB ---> A + B

Decomposition reactions are the opposite of combination reactions. In combination reactions, two or more reactants combine to form a single product. A combination reaction can be written as:

A + B ---> AB

Considering the reaction in question:  [tex]A_2B (l) -- > A_2 (g) + B_2 (g)[/tex]

[tex]A_2B[/tex] is the reactant. It undergoes a reaction to produce [tex]A_2[/tex] and [tex]B_2[/tex] respectively. In other words, the reaction is a decomposition reaction.

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The functional group with the COOH setting is called Carboxylic acid, which is a type of organic acid, whereas Esters will have COOR representation, Aldehydes wl l be OCH and Alcohols OH, therefore the answer will be number 4

Atoms of 124sn are present in 23.0 g of naturally going on the tin: The average atomic mass of Sn is 118. seventy-one g/mole percentage.

This is explained as the Atomic mass of Tin (Sn) = 118.71 g/mol. 1 mol of Sn = 118.71 g.

An atom is the smallest unit of everyday count that bureaucracies a chemical detail. each solid, liquid, gas, and plasma consists of neutral or ionized atoms. Atoms are extraordinarily small, commonly around one hundred picometers throughout.

An atom is a particle of count that uniquely defines a chemical detail. An atom includes a principal nucleus that is surrounded by one or extra negatively charged electrons. Atoms are built of two kinds of elementary particles: electrons and quarks. Electrons occupy an area that surrounds an atom's nucleus. each electron has an electrical rate of -1. Quarks make up protons and neutrons, which, in flip, make up an atom's nucleus.

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Among the given isotopes,  ³⁰X₁₅ and ³¹X₁₅ are isotopes of the same element and that element is phosphorous.

Isotopes are those atoms of an element that contains the same atomic number but a different mass number. Isotopes of an element contain an equal number of electrons and protons in their atom but the numbers of neutrons in their respective nucleus are different.

For example, the isotopes of oxygen element are given as oxygen- 16, oxygen - 17, and oxygen-18, these all isotopes have eight protons or electrons.

Given elements are ³⁰X₁₅, ³¹X₁₆, ³¹X₁₅, and ⁶⁰X₃₀. The atoms ³⁰X₁₅ and ³¹X₁₅  have the same atomic number but a different mass number, therefore they are isotopes of the same element. As their atomic number of them is 15 so they are isotopes of phosphorous and ³¹X₁₅ isotope of P has 100 % abundance.

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" 14/7 N and 18/7 N "

Isotopes are two or more different atom types that share the same atomic number and place in the periodic table but have different quantities of neutrons in their nuclei, resulting in various nucleon numbers.

Isotopy is a phenomenon in chemical element atoms defined by a difference in the mass number of an element's atoms, even if the atoms always have the same atomic number.

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Answer:

Ionic compounds are neutral compounds made up of positively charged ions called cations and negatively charged ions called anions. For binary ionic compounds (ionic compounds that contain only two types of elements), the compounds are named by writing the name of the cation first followed by the name of the anion

Explanation:

hope this helps!!

Answer:

So in this problem, were asked to calculate how much heat is required to raise the temperature of a certain amount of water from 25.52 degrees Celsius to 28.75 degree Celsius. So let's start with our equation that relates are variables que which is he is equal to mass proof. That is a rough em mass time specific heat times the change in temperature. So we're looking for heat and mass. We do not have mass, but we do have both the density and the volume of water. And so to find mass weaken knew our 50 milliliters that were given in the problems them times the density of water which is point nine 97 grams for one Miller Leader, Let me fix this night up here seven is well, that is our mess. Variable. We know just from looking at the table 6.1 in the chapter that the specific heat of water is four 0.184 Jules per gram killed in and finally we know that the change in temperature just gonna switch this down. Here is the final temperature 28 0.75 degrees Celsius minus our initial temperature, 25 0.52 degrees Celsius. And we can just plug this into a calculator really quickly. 28 2.75 I'm just going to start on this side of the equation. So the change in temperature is 3.23 degrees Celsius. Times are specific. Heat 4.184 and then times are mass, which is 50 times 500.997 And we get our final answer of 600 73 point.

The arrangements of the molecules of a solid, liquid and gas  as follows

1. Solid: In this state of matter, the particles are closely bonded to each other. This means that they are closely packed in a system and the arrangement is regular. The intermolecular space between the particles is minimum.

2. Liquid: In this state of matter, the particles are not so closely packed. The arrangement between the particles is not regular. The intermolecular spacing between the particles is more than solid but less than gaseous state.

3. Gases: In this state of matter, the particles are very far away from each other and the arrangement is not regular. The intermolecular spacing between the particles is very much in case of gases.

The solid, liquid, and gaseous phases of matter are the three basic states of matter.

Every item we encounter every day—from ice cream to chairs to water is composed of matter. Based on intermolecular forces and the arrangement of the particles, matter can be divided into distinct states such as solid, liquid, and gas. By altering specific environmental variables, these three types of matter can change their state of matter (increasing or decreasing pressure and temperature, for instance). For instance, raising the temperature will cause ice to melt from a solid state.

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The colour of Variamine blue salt B, a redox indicator changes from yellow to colourless at the endpoint of the complexometric titration indicating alkalinity.

Complexometric titration (also known as chelatometry) is a type of volumetric analysis in which the creation of a coloured complex is utilized to determine the titration's end point. Complexometric titrations are extremely useful for estimating the concentration of a metal ion mixture in solution. EDTA, or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, is a frequent indicator for complexometric titration because it may function as a ligand, binding to coordination centers, which are generally metals, to produce colourful complexes. Organic dyes are the most commonly used indicators in complexometric titrations because they generate a colourful complex with the metal ion being titrated. EDTA replaces the indicator during the reaction to create a more stable complex with metal, and when the reaction is through, the colour changes.

The alkalinity of solution is indicated by a colour change from yellow to colourless in the complexometric titration using Variamine blue salt B as the indicator.

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When multiplied by salicylic acid's molecular weight of 1 80.158, it will be equal or smooth. If we compute it now, we will see that the mask, or theoretical yield, is equal to $4.57 million.

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The graph below shows the densities of the elements in Group 0 of the periodic table.

What is periodic table?
The chemical elements are shown in tabular form on the periodic table, commonly referred to as the periodic table of the (chemical) elements. It is frequently used in physics, chemistry, and other sciences and is frequently regarded as a symbol of chemistry. It is a visual representation of the periodic law, which claims that the atomic numbers of chemical elements have a roughly periodic relationship with their attributes. The table is divided into four blocks that are about rectangular in shape. The table's columns are referred to as groups and its rows are known as periods.

The trend in density is that the density increases as you move down Group 0. This is because the elements in Group 0 are all noble gases. The noble gases are all gases at room temperature and pressure. The reason for this is that the noble gases all have full outer shells of electrons. This means that the attractive forces between the nuclei and the electrons are very weak. The noble gases are all very unreactive because of this. The reason that the density increases as you move down Group 0 is because the atoms get larger as you move down the group. The larger the atom, the more massive it is. This means that the atoms are more likely to collide with each other, and so the density of the gas increases.

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The concentration of the calcium ions in the solution is obtained as 0.013 M

Now we have to find the concentration of the calcium ions, we have to look at the question. We can see from the question that;

Mass of calcium carbonate =  0.3205g

Number of moles of calcium carbonate =  0.3205g /100 g/mol = 0.003205 moles

Number of moles calcium ions = 0.003205 moles

The question here is that we ought to find the concentration of the EDTA solution and that is what we need to find in the spaces that follow in this answer as we have here.

Concentration of the calcium ions in the solution = 0.003205 moles/250 * 10^-3

= 0.013 M

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Missing parts;

A 0.3205g sample of CaCO3 was dissolved in HCl and the resulting solution diluted to 250.ml in a volumetric flask. A 25 mL sample of the solution required 18.75mL of EDTA solution for titration to the Eriochrome Black T end point. What is the concentration of Ca2+ (mol/L) in the 250.0ml of CaCl2 solution?

The main idea of the excerpt chemistry in centuries is all the matter present are composed of the atoms.

Aristotle declared that only four element exist in nature. They are -

Air, water, earth, fire.

He stated that all matter are composed of these four elements only.

When the atoms reacts, they form a chemical bond. It is defined as a force of attraction which holds the atoms together to form a compound.

Force of attraction is defined as a type of force which keeps two or more objects close to each other, or together no matter how far or close they are in distance.

Two major categories of forces of attraction are - intramolecular forces and intermolecular forces. Intramolecular is the type of forces in atoms which are present internally. While intermolecular is the type of force which is present in two or more elements.

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Dehydration Synthesis is the reaction which is responsible for the production of lipids when glycerol is bonded to three fatty acids by the removal of water molecule.

Dehydration synthesis is the creation of larger molecules from smaller monomers and a removal of water molecule takes place .This type of reaction is also classified as condensation reactions.

During this process, the hydrogen of one monomer combines with the hydroxyl group of another monomer releasing a molecule of water. In the attached image, glycerol and fatty acid combine to release water and a lipid molecule is formed.

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The solubility constant is[tex]$6.4 \times 10^{-9}$[/tex].

The equilibrium for the solubility of the salt, [tex]$\mathrm{MgF}_2$[/tex] is,

[tex]$$\mathrm{MgF}_2(s) \stackrel{\mathrm{H} \cdot \mathrm{O}}{\rightleftharpoons} \mathrm{Mg}^{2+}(a q)+2 \mathrm{~F}^{-}(a q)$$[/tex]

The solubility product constant for [tex]$\mathrm{MgF}_2$[/tex] is,

[tex]$$K_{\text {吶 }}=\left[\mathrm{Mg}^{2+}\right]\left[\mathrm{F}^{-}\right]^2$$[/tex]

The molar solubility of [tex]$\mathrm{MgF}_2$[/tex] is taken as x, the x moles of [tex]$\mathrm{MgF}_2$[/tex]is dissolved in one litre water to produce x moles of [tex]$\mathrm{Mg}^{2+}$[/tex]and 2x moles of [tex]$\mathrm{F}^{-}$[/tex].

[tex]$\begin{array}{lccc} & \mathrm{MgF}_2(s) & \stackrel{\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}}{\rightleftharpoons} \mathrm{Mg}^{2+}(a q)+2 \mathrm{~F}^{-}(a q) \\ \text { Initial } & x & 0 & 0 \\ \text { Change } & & +x & +2 x \\ \text { Equilibrium } & x & 2 x\end{array}$[/tex]

The solubility product constant for[tex]$\mathrm{MgF}_2$[/tex] is,

[tex]$$\begin{aligned}K_{u p} &=\left[\mathrm{Mg}^{2+}\right]\left[\mathrm{F}^{-}\right]^2 \\&=(x)(2 x)^2 \\&=4 x^3\end{aligned}$$[/tex]

Substitute the solubility of [tex]$\mathrm{MgF}_2$[/tex] as [tex]$1.17 \times 10^{-3} \mathrm{~mol} / \mathrm{L}$[/tex]in the above equation as shown below:

[tex]$$\begin{aligned}K_{i p} &=4 x^3 \\&=4\left(1.17 \times 10^{-3}\right)^3 \\&=6.41 \times 10^{-9}\end{aligned}$$[/tex]

The solubility constant is [tex]$6.4 \times 10^{-9}$[/tex].(using 2 significant figures).

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When excess base is added in order to detect the end point, then it will cause the calculated and reported mass percent of acetic acid in vinegar to be too high.

A titration is a method of quantitative chemical analysis, in which the concentration of an unknown solution called the analyte, by using a solution of known concentration, called the titrant.

The titrant solution from the burette is added slowly to the analyte solution, in the conical flask, in order to determine the end point of the titration. The end point is indicated by a change in color of the solution in the presence of an indicator.

An acid-base titration involves a neutralization reaction between an acid and a base.

As given in the question, the concentration of acetic acid solution is being determined by sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution of known concentration.

Therefore, Sodium hydroxide is the titrant and is taken in the burette. Whereas, acetic acid is the analyte which is taken in the conical flask and two- three drops of the indicator is added to it.

Example of the indicator that can be used in an acid-base titration is phenolphthalein. Phenolphthalein is colorless in acidic medium and pink in basic medium.

Initially, the analyte acetic acid solution will be colorless. Since, phenolphthalein is colorless in acidic medium.

Then, NaOH solution will be slowly added from the burette to the acetic acid solution. On reaching the end point, a slight excess amount of the NaOH base is added from the burette.

The excess amount of NaOH makes the solution in the conical flask basic. Therefore, changing the color of the solution, from colorless to pink. Since, phenolphthalein is pink in basic medium.

This excess amount of the titrant i.e. NaOH solution added, increases the volume of the NaOH solution being used in the titration.

Since, acetic acid is directly proportional to volume of NaOH or any base used, then even a slight increase in the volume of the NaOH solution, increases the concentration or molarity of acetic acid

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Explanation:

a. i. R and Z (same number of protons but different number of neutrons therefore are isotopes of the same element).

ii. Q (has more portons than electrons).

iii. X (has more electrons than protons).

iv. L (mass number = protons + neutrons).

v. M (belongs to group 1 alkali metals which are of very reactive metals).

b. 12 (atomic number= number of protons).

c. 7 (X has 9 electrons before ionisation, therefore 7 electrons in the outer most shell).

Q (is also from ionisation reaction).

hope it helps :)

A. (i). Two identical atoms with the letters Q and Z each contain 17 protons.

ii. Protons outnumber electrons in a positive ion. R, which has 17 protons and 17 electrons, is the only atom or ion that has more protons than electrons. It removes an electron to form a positive ion with a charge of +1: R+.

iii. In a negative ion, the number of protons is more than the number of electrons. J has 16 electrons and 16 protons, making it the only atom or ion with more electrons than protons. It becomes a negative ion with a charge of -1, or J-, by the addition of one electron.

iv. Such an atom or ion has the letter M and has 11 protons and 12 neutrons. It adds a proton to form an atom with a mass number of 20: N with 12 protons and 8 neutrons.

v. Group 1 of the periodic table consists of metals that are extremely reactive. L, an atom in group 1 with 10 protons, is the only one in the table to have this characteristic.

The fundamental building block of matter, an atom, nevertheless has the characteristics of an element. It consists of a small, compact nucleus with positively charged protons and electrically neutral neutrons surrounded by orbitals of negatively charged electrons.

For the above example,

(b) An atom with an atomic number of 12 has 12 electrons because an atom has exactly the same number of protons in the neutral state as electrons.

(C)

(i) X has exactly 11 protons, the same number of protons as the atom or ion M has. Group 1 of the periodic table, commonly known as the alkali metals, consists of elements with 11 protons.

(ii) An alkali metal is another atom that interacts in the same way as the substance from which ion X is made. According to the table, the only atom in group 1 is L, which has 10 protons. However it lacks the 11 protons of the alkali metals mentioned above

Therefore, two identical atoms with the letters Q and Z each contain 17 protons.

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Nothing is destroyed by burning or other modifications to matter. Before and after changes always occur, the mass of the substance remains constant. According to the principle of conservation of mass, matter cannot be created or destroyed.

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