The image point of A after a translation right 4 units and up 4 units is the point B (3,8). Determine the coordinates of the pre image point A

Answers

Answer 1

The coordinate of the image point A (-1, 4).

What is translation?  

In mathematics, a translation is an up, down, left, or right movement of shapes. Because the translated shapes appear to be identically similar in size to the original ones, they are congruent with one another.

The Rule of Translation of points is given by (x, y) → (x ± h, y ± k)

where the horizontal and vertical shiftings are h units and k units, respectively.

Given that

The image point of A after a translation right 4 units and up 4 units is the point B

Let A(x, y) be the point that translated to right 4 units and up 4 units

According to the given formula

(x, y) → (x ± h, y ± k)

Since the point is translated to right and up

=> (x, y) → (x + h, y + k)  

=> (x, y) → (x + 4, y + 4)

From the given data the final point is B(3, 8)

=> (x + 4, y + 4) = (3, 8)  

=> x + 4 = 3  and  y + 4 = 8

=> x + 4 = 3      

=> x = 3 - 4 = -1

=> x = -`1          

=> y + 4 = 8  

=> y = 8 - 4

=> y = 4  

Therefore,

The coordinate of the image point A (-1, 4).

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Related Questions

What is the standard deviation of the data given below 10 28 13 18 29 30 22 23 25 and 32?

Answers

Hence, the standard deviation of the given data is 7 .

10 28 13 18 29 30 22 23 25 32

Here is the total number of observations n are 10

total= 10 +28+ 13+ 18+ 29+ 30+ 22+ 23+ 25+ 32 = 230

mean  (μ) = total/n

         = 230/10

         = 23

         Xi                 Xi-μ                    (Xi-μ)²

         10           10-23=-13                   169

         28           28-23=5                      25

          13           13-23=-10                   100

          18           18-23=-5                      25

          29           29-23=6                      36

          30          30-23=7                       49

           22         22-23=-1                         1

            23         23-23=0                        0

           25          25-23=2                         4

            32          32-23=9                       81

Use the formula to calculate the standard deviation.

√1/n*∑   (Xi-μ)² =√1/10*490

                        = √49

                         =7

Hence, the standard deviation of the given data is 7 .

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How can I calculate my height at 2?

Answers

By combining the mother's as well as father's heights in inches, you may determine the midparental height. For boys, measure 5 inches longer; for girls, measure 5 inches shorter. multiply by two.

How can you accurately anticipate a children's adult height?A person's height can be predicted by other factors besides genes. A child may occasionally be significantly taller above their relatives and parents.There is no reliable method for estimating a children's adult height.

However, a number of calculations can offer a reliable approximation of a child's growth. Here is a common illustration:

In inches or millimeters, multiply the father's height by the mother's height.For boys, add 5 inches (13 centimeters), and for girls, take 5 inches (13 centimeters) away.Multiply by 2.Double with a boy's height around age 2 or even a girl's height from age 18 months to get an idea of a child's adult height.

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i need help im confused​

Answers

f(-4) = -18, f(-2) = -10, f(6) = 12 and f(-1) = -6 using the piecewise function.

What are piecewise functions?

A function defined by numerous sub-functions, where each sub-function applies to a distinct interval in the domain, is known in mathematics as a piecewise-defined function (also known as a piecewise function, a hybrid function, or definition by cases).  Instead of being a property of the function itself, piecewise definition is a means to express the function.

When the domain may be divided into intervals on which the property holds, the phrase "property holding piecewise for a function" is used, which is separate but related. This is a characteristic of the function itself, as opposed to the idea mentioned above.


Calculation:

f(-4) = 4(-4)-2 = -18  ∵-4≤-1

f(-2) = 4(-2)-2= -10  ∵-2≤-1

f(6) = [tex]\frac{1}{2}*6 + 9 = 12[/tex] ∵6>-1

f(-1) = 4(-1)-2 = -6 ∵-1≤-1

f(-4) = -18, f(-2) = -10, f(6) = 12 and f(-1) = -6 using the piecewise function.

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A principal of $3000 is invested at 7.25% interest, compounded annually. How much will the investment be worth after 10 years?
Use the calculator provided and round your answer to the nearest dollar.

Answers

Answer:

$6,232.89 or $6,232.90

Step-by-step explanation:

A=P(1+(r/n))^nt

A= 3000(1+(.075/12))^12*10

A= 3,232.89

3,232.89+3000= 6,232.89

How old are Grade 7 students?

Answers

12 or 13 years old
Hope this helps

4x - 2 = 9x + 18. Which number do you subtract from both sides, the 4x or the 9x? Explain why.

Answers

it doesn’t really matter which you subtract, both will give you the correct answer

if you subtract the 9x you will end
up with this
-5x-2=18
then isolate the variable by adding the -2 to
the other side
-5x=20
x=4

cm 2 What is the area of the rectangle? Enter the answer in the box. 9 cm 4 cm

Answers

Answer:

Let,

length of rectangle ( L) =9cm

breadth of rectangle (b) =4cm

Area of rectangle=L×b

=9×4

=36cm^2

The Above Contour Map Is Given For A Function F(X,Y). Use It To Estimate The Value Of The Partial Derivatives Fx(2, 1) And Fy(2, 1).

Answers

We may deduce from the contour map that the estimates of the given functions are;

fx(2, 1) = 10

fy(2, 1) = 3

What exactly does the term "counter map" mean?

The geographic mapping used as a form of activism against prevailing power systems is known as counter-mapping.

How Do You Interpret Contour Lines on a Map?

Contour lines are described as the faint lines drawn on a map that link places of equal height above sea level. This indicates that even if you followed a contour line physically, the elevation (height of the land) would stay constant.

According to the contour map, the contour lines indicate that the coordinate (2, 1) in the x-direction has a value of 10.

Therefore;   fx(2, 1) = 10

Using the same idea, we can deduce from the attached contour map that the coordinate (2, 1) in the y-direction will have a value between 0 and 6. Therefore;

Average = (0 + 6) divided by 2 = 3

Thus;   fy(2, 1) = 3

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How do you write 6 more than a number?

Answers

“6 more than twice m” can be written in the mathematical form as 2m+6.

The question is saying that we have to write “6 more than twice m” as an algebraic expression or into a mathematical expression.

As in the question, it is mentioned that we have to take the number m as a variable.

So, we are going to use this ‘m’ for solving this question.

Let the number be m.

Then, twice of m will be similar to 2 times m or m multiplied by 2.

Therefore, twice m will be 2m.

Now, the question is saying that 6 more than twice m.

“6 more than” means 6 is added to that specific number.

Hence, 6 more than that number which is twice of m will be 2m+6.

Hence, “6 more than twice m” can be written in the mathematical form as 2m+6.

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A car travels 210 miles in 3 hours and 45 minutes. How many miles does it travel per hour?

Answers

Answer: 56 miles per hour

Step-by-step explanation:

45 minutes = 0.75 hour

3 hours and 45 minutes = 3.75 hours

Takes 210 divided by 3.75 = 56 miles per hour

Is base times height divided by 2?

Answers

The base is the length of one of the triangle's sides, and the height is the distance from that side to the triangle's opposite corner.

What is triangle?

A triangle is a three-edged polygon with three vertices. It is a fundamental form in geometry. Triangle ABC denotes a triangle with vertices A, B, and C. In Euclidean geometry, any three non-collinear points define a unique triangle and, by extension, a unique plane. Triangles are three-sided polygons with three vertices. The angles of the triangle are formed by connecting the three sides end to end at a point. The total of the triangle's three angles equals 180 degrees.

Here,

The base of the triangle is the length of one of its sides, and the height is the distance from that side to the triangle's opposite corner.

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Are isosceles triangles equal to 180?

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Yes, the isosceles triangles are equal to 180 degrees.

We know that isosceles triangles are triangles which have two equal sides. Since the sides are equal, they subtend equal angles as well.

However, the two equal angles subtended by the equal sides and one more angle which is subtended by the third side of the isosceles triangle all add up to a total of 180 degree as we know that the sum of all the angles of a triangle is always equal to 180 degrees.

Hence we can conclude that the isosceles triangles are also equal to 180 degrees like every other triangle.

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How do you draw a SSS triangle?

Answers

We need to draw all sides of the triangle equal in order to make a SSS triangle because we know that the SSS triangle has all 3 sides equal.

What is the SSS triangle condition?

Two triangles are said to be congruent if all three corresponding sides and all three corresponding angles have the same size.

We u can move, flip, twist, and turn these triangles to produce the same effect.

When relocated, they are parallel to one another.

Two triangles are deemed similar by the SSS test for triangle resemblance if their third sides are proportionate to one another.

Therefore, we need to draw all sides of the triangle equal in order to make a SSS triangle because we know that the SSS triangle has all 3 sides equal.

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Suppoe a merry-go-round i pinning once every 3 econd. If a point on the outide edge ha a peed of 12. 56 feet per econd, what i the radiu of the merry-go-round? (Ue 3. 14 for

Answers

The value of radius of the merry-go-round will be 6 feet.

What is a circle?

A circle is a geometrical figure which becomes by plotting a point around a fixed point by keeping a constant distance.

In our daily life, we always see circular objects for example our bike wheel.

The longest line which can be drawn inside the circle will be the diameter.

The perimeter of the circle = 2πr where r is the radius of the circle.

The Merry cover on the round in 3 seconds thus, to cover the 2πr path it takes 3 seconds.

2πr/3 = 12.56

2πr = 37.68

r = 5.996 ≈ 6 feet.

Hence "The value of the radius of the merry-go-round will be 6 feet".

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What is the slope y =- 5x 3?

Answers

Parallel lines are two straight lines that never cross. For this to happen, the lines have to have the same slope.

In this case, the equation given is in what's called "slope-intersect" form. The general form of the slope intercept formula is y=mx + b where m is the slope of the line and b is the point on the Y-axis where the line crosses.

The equation given is y=5x+3 and since the 5 is in the place of m from the general equation, 5 is the slope. Since parallel lines have the same slope, 5 is the answer.

Slope-Intercept Form:

When we're given a linear equation we can immediately see if it's in the slope-intercept form if it follows the format  y=mx+b. As long as y does not have a coefficient the slope and y-intercept are the values of m and b.

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How do you solve 3 to the power of 1?

Answers

To answer, let's use the exponent rules to solve the power of 1.

What is exponent rule?

Exponents, often known as powers, specify how many times the base number must be multiplied.

Exponent rules are principles that are used to simplify expressions using exponents. These principles are also useful in simplifying formulas with exponents that are decimals, fractions, irrational numbers, or negative integers.

Negative exponents Rule: [tex]a^{-m} = 1/a^m[/tex]

Product Rule: [tex]a^m * a^n = a^{(m+n)}[/tex]

Quotient Rule: [tex]a^m/a^n = a^{(m-n)}[/tex]  

Power of a Power Rule: [tex](a^m)^n = a^{mn}[/tex]

Here, given that, 3 to the power of 1

The number 3¹ may be expressed as 3 to the power of 1, according to the exponent rule.

The base number in this formula is 3, while the power number is 1, and we know that any integer increased to that same power of that one equals the original number.

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Show all your work which is the simplest form of the expression below

Answers

Answer:

Step-by-step explanation:

    We will use the order of operations to help us solve. This means, in this case, starting with exponents and then multiplying. We will also use the exponent rules.

    Given:

[tex]\displaystyle (2^2)^4\;*\;2^{-5}[/tex]

    Power rule of exponents:

[tex]\displaystyle (2^2)^4\;*\;2^{-5}=(2^{2*4})\;*\;2^{-5}[/tex]

[tex](2^{8})\;*\;2^{-5}[/tex]

    Product rule of exponents:

[tex]\displaystyle (2^{8})\;*\;2^{-5} = (2^{8+-5})= (2^{8-5})[/tex]

[tex](2^{3})[/tex]

      The simplified form of the expression, from the given options, is 2³.

Hi can someone answer this

Answers

Answer:

first one and second one

Step-by-step explanation:

x + y is lesser or equal to 20

20 being the max amount of hours he can work in one week and x and y being hours he works

second one because they can earn at least 300 dollars, not less than, but x+Y must still be less than 20 though

What are the 3 methods to find the mean?

Answers

The three methods to find the mean are arithmetic, geometric and harmonic .

The arithmetic mean method: This method involves adding up all the values in the set and dividing by the total number of values. This gives the average value of the set.The geometric mean method: This method involves finding the product of all the values in the set and taking the square root of that product. This gives the average value of the set when the values represent quantities that are multiplied together (such as interest rates or growth rates).The harmonic mean method: This method involves taking the reciprocal of each value in the set (1/value), adding those reciprocals up, and taking the reciprocal of that sum. This gives the average value of the set when the values represent quantities that are inversely related (such as speeds or rates).

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Students are making lemonade from a p
owdered lemon drink mix. Rahul mixes 14 cups of water and 5 cups of powdered lemon mix. Aisha mixes 11 cups of water and 4 cups of powdered lemon mix. Use Rahul and Aisha’s percent of powdered lemon mix to determine whose mix will be more lemony.

Answers

Answer:

Aisha mix will be more lemony

Step-by-step explanation:

Find Rahul's percentage of the powdered lemon mix by

Finding the total number of cups

14 + 5 = 19 total cups

Then take

5 divided by 19, times 100% = 26.3%

Find Aisha's percentage of the powdered lemon mix by

Finding the total number of cups

11 + 4 = 15 total cups

Then take

4 divided by 15, times 100% = 26.6% or 27%

Answer: Ariana uses 85% drink mix, and Andres uses 90% drink mix. Therefore, Andres's drink will taste more lemony.

Step-by-step explanation:

Ariana uses 17 cups of mix out of the 20 total cups which is 85%

Andres uses 10 cups of mix out of the 11 total cups which is around 90%

Step-by-step explanation:

A rectangle piece of lawn i 55 m and 98 m long find the length of the fence around it

Answers

Answer:306m

Step-by-step explanation:

draw a rectangle with width 98 and height 55 there are two of each side, so 98 + 98 + 55 +55 = 306

Answer:

306m

Step-by-step explanation:

You need to find the perimeter of the rectangle. To do that, you just add the side lenghts. So, this is your lawn with the side lengths:

                      55m
           _____________
           |                           |
           |                           |
           |                           |
98m    |                           |     98m
           |                           |
           |                           |
           |                           |
           _____________
                      55m

You just add them together!

55 + 55 + 98 + 98 = 306

so you need 306 meters of fencing

Solve the system of linear equations by substitution.


x=17-4y


y=x-2

Answers

Answer:

Step-by-step explanation

In the first equation

x=17-4y

In the second equation

We clear "x"

y=x-2

x=y+2

We ecuate "x"

x=17-4y=y+2

17-4y=y+2

15=5y

y=3

we substitute to find "x"

x=17-4y=17-4(3)=5

How do you prove SSS and SAS?

Answers

The triangles are congruent if all three sets of comparable sides are present. The side-side-side shortcut is a congruence technique (SSS).

Triangles are considered congruent by SAS if their two sides match up with their corresponding two sides on the other triangle, and if their included angles match up in both triangles.

We can prove two triangles, either by SSS or SAS by simply taking two triangles and checking whether the sides and the angles of the corresponding triangles are congruent or not.

By simply comparing it on the basis of their sides and angles we can easily prove the corresponding triangles by SSS or SAS.

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What is the x and y intercept of y=3x-15 and is (2,-9) a solution

Answers

The x and y intercept of y=3x-15 is X intercept  is 5, Y interceptis -15

How to find X  intercept and Y intercept?

To find X intercept substitute y=0

y=0

0=3x-15

3x=15

x=15/3

x=5

X intercept  is 5 line cuts at (5,0)

To find Y intercept substitute x=0

y=3(0)-15

y=-15

Y interceptis -15 line cuts at  (0,-15)

The distance on the axis from the origin where a line or a curve intersects the coordinate axis of the graph is known as the X and Y-intercept. The distance from the origin of a line or curve that cuts the x-axis at a point is known as the x-intercept, and the distance from the origin of a line or curve that cuts the y-axis at a point is known as the y-intercept.-c/m for the x-interceptc = y-interceptA line's equation has the general form axe + by + c = 0. Here, we change y to equal 0 and solve for x to obtain the x-intercept of the line. We then change x to equal 0 and solve for y in the same equation.

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The table shows how a leading automobile dealer plans to spend its advertising dollars for this year. If this company plans to increase its budget by 5% next year, approximately how much will it spend on social media ads?

Advertising Budget: $81,000
48.5% Television
23% Magazines
20% Newspapers
7% Radio
1% Billboards
0.5% Social Media
A.

Answers

Using the concept of percentage, social media budget will cost $425.25

Percentage

This is the expression of a ratio or fraction in percentage form. This is done by multiplying a ratio by 100.

The original advertising budget is $81,000 and they plan to increase it by 5%.

Let's calculate the 5% increase in the budget.

5% of 81000 =

5 / 100 = x / 81000

0.05 = x / 81000

x = 81000 * 0.05

x = 4050

The budget for next year will 81000 + 4050 = 85050

In the breakdown for the advertising budget, social media budget got 0.5%

Let's find 0.5% of 85050

0.5% * 85050

0.5 / 100 = x / 85050

0.005 = x / 85050

x = 0.005 * 85050

x = 425.25

The social media budget is $425.25

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a tennis player computes her win ratio by dividing the number of matches she has won by the total number of matches she has played. at the start of a weekend, her win ratio is exactly $0.500$. during the weekend, she plays four matches, winning three and losing one. at the end of the weekend, her win ratio is greater than $0.503$. what's the largest number of matches she could've won before the weekend began?

Answers

Using the ratio we know that before the weekend started, she could have won as many as 164 games.

What is the ratio?

An ordered pair of numbers a and b, represented as a / b, is a ratio if b is not equal to 0.

A proportion is an equation that sets two ratios at the same value.

For instance, you could express the ratio as follows: 1: 3 if there is 1 boy and 3 girls (for every one boy there are 3 girls) There are 1 in 4 boys and 3 in 4 girls.

So, let n be the number of victories so that:

n/2n = 1/2 and n+3/2n+4 > 503/1000

Now, cross multiply as follows:

1000n + 3000 > 1006n + 2012

n < 988/6 = 164 4/6 = 164 2/3

Therefore, using the ratio we know that before the weekend started, she could have won as many as 164 games.

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Is the equation 3x² 11x 10 0 a quadratic equation?

Answers

Yes , the equation 3x² + 11x + 10 = 0 is a quadratic equation and the roots are x = -5/3 and x = -2

What is Quadratic Equation?

A quadratic equation is a second-order polynomial equation in a single variable x , ax² + bx + c = 0. with a ≠ 0. Because it is a second-order polynomial equation, the fundamental theorem of algebra guarantees that it has at least one solution. The solution may be real or complex.

The roots of the quadratic equations are

x = [ -b ± √ ( b² - 4ac ) ] / ( 2a )

where ( b² - 4ac ) is the discriminant

when ( b² - 4ac ) is positive, we get two real solutions

when discriminant is zero we get just one real solution (both answers are the same)

when discriminant is negative we get a pair of complex solutions

Given data ,

Let the equation be represented as A

Now , the value of A is

3x² + 11x + 10 = 0   be equation (1)

Now , the equation is of the form ax² + bx + c = 0 , where the value of a = 3 , b = 11 and c = 10

So , the coefficient a is has the variable x² and equation 3x² + 11x + 10 = 0 is a quadratic equation

The roots of the quadratic equations are

x = [ -b ± √ ( b² - 4ac ) ] / ( 2a )

Substituting the values in the equation , we get

x = [ -11 ± √ ( ( 11 )² - 4 ( 3 ) ( 10 ) ) ] / 2 ( 3 )

On simplifying the equation , we get

x = [ -11 ± √ ( 121 - 120 ) ] / 6

x = ( -11 ± 1 ) / 6

So , the two roots of the equations are

x = ( -11 - 1 ) / 6 and

x = ( -11 + 1 ) / 6

x = -2 and

x = -5/3

Therefore , the values of x are -5/3 and -2

Hence , the roots of the quadratic equations are -5/3 and -2

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If PB = 6, what is SB?

Answers

Answer:

SB = 4

Step-by-step explanation:

The figure is the intersection of the medians of this triangle. The medians of a triangle bisect the sides of the triangle. The intersection of the medians is called the centroid. In this case, the centroid of this figure would be S.

In fact, the distance from a vertex to the centroid of the triangle is 2/3 of the distance from said vertex to the vertex's opposite side.

Create the equation SB = 2/3(PB).

.....................................SB = 2/3(6)

....................................SB = 12/3

...................................∴SB = 4

Answer:

SB = 4

Step-by-step explanation:

SB = 2/3 BP

SB = 2/3 (6)

SB = 4

What is the final step in solving the inequality 2/5 4x 6x 4?

Answers

The final step is x < 3

What is an inequality?

In mathematics, "inequality" refers to a relationship between two expressions or values that are not equal to one another.

Less than (<), greater than (>), less than or equal (≤), greater than or equal (≥), and not equal (≠) are the five inequality symbols.

Given inequality is

-2(5 - 4x) < 6x - 4

The inequality sign is less than.

Applying distributive property on the left side

-10 + 8x < 6x -4

Subtract 6x from both sides

-10 + 8x - 6x < 6x -6x - 4

-10 + 2x < - 4

Add 10 on both sides:

-10 + 2x + 10 < - 4 + 10

2x < 6

Divide both sides by 2:

2x/3 < 6/3

x < 3

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How do you find the factor of a root?

Answers

Answer:

Step-by-step explanation:

you can use the zero-product property to find the roots of a factored equation. After you factor a polynomial into its different pieces, you can set each piece equal to zero to solve for the roots with the zero-product property.

Other Questions
The product of 6, and a number increased by 2, is -24. What is the number? Learning through Art: Human Pedigree Analysis Can you identify the genotypes in this human pedigree for deafness? The human pedigree shown here is for an inherited form of deafness caused by a recessive allele (d). Drag the labels to the pedigree to identify the genotypes of individual family members. If you can't tell with certainty whether an individual is homozygous dominant or heterozygous dominant for the trait, place the label "DD or Dd" in that box. What are the two goals of monetary policy? Im lost can I get help with this The number of-during WWI is the total number of people who were killed, injured, or went missing.edge What are the 3 types of triangle? in an experiment with n = 6 and preal = 0.15, what is the power using a = 0.012 tail? What is BTS famous for? Why is it called a real number? romance by Robert Louis Stevenson pharaphasing an increase in investment by americans in canada will have which of the following immediate effects? select an answer and submit. for keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a an increase in the u.s. financial account surplus b a decrease in the u.s. financial account surplus c an increase in the u.s. financial account deficit d a decrease in the u.s. financial account deficit e an increase in the u.s. current account deficit the external and internal circumstances that surround the business are referred as according to the cognitive hypothesis, experiences that occur during periods of rapid personal development followed by periods of stability tend to be easier to remember due to which of the following? Which revision best uses dialogue to improve thesentence?O "Yup, it was a big surprise," I told them. "I'm excitedthat my painting was selected! Especially since I feltso incompetent at the beginning and the competitionwas so ruthless.""Honestly, was surprised," I told them truthfully."The competition was ruthless, and I felt incompetentat the beginning. It's really exciting to have mypainting selected!""I'm in! My painting is in! I feel a fist pump and a littledance coming on, said, grinning. I thought abouthow I felt so incompetent at the beginning becauseof the ruthless competition."Did you hear?" asked them. "My painting gotselected! Exciting, right?" I smiled. "Especially giventhat I felt so incompetent at the beqinning and that the competition was ruthless! What are the uses of vehicle? Which of the following represents a linear inequality in open-sentence form? (Select all that apply.) 2x + 8 = 10y2x - 7y > 10 8 + x > 5 3 < 5 What techniques does Robert Frost use in the road not taken? 3,286-(1,221+217). Suppose that a volcano is erupting and readings of the rate r(t) at which solid materials are spewed into the atmosphere are given in the table. The time t is measured in seconds and the units for r(t) are measured in tonnes (metric tons) per second. Note that r(t) is increasing over the interval [0, 6]. t 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 r(t) 28 18 34 48 54 60 (a) Give upper and lower estimates (in tons) for the total quantity Q(6) of erupted materials after six seconds. (Use six equal subintervals.) lower estimate Q(6) tons upper estimate tons = 016) (b) Use the midpoint rule to estimate Q(6) (in tons). (Use three equal subintervals.) Q(6) = tons Oil leaked from a tank at a rate of r(t) liters per hour. The rate decreased as time passed, and values of the rate at two-hour time intervals are shown in the table. t(h) 0 2 4 6 8 10 r(t) (L/h) 8.6 7.5 6.7 6.4 5.7 5.1 Find lower and upper estimates for the total amount of oil in liters) that leaked from the tank over the interval [0, 10]. (Use five equal subintervals.) lower estimate upper estimate The current in a wire is defined as the derivative of the charge: l (t) = Q (t). (See Example 3 in Section 3.3) What does b l (t) dt represent?