The idea that the consequences of our actions determine the likelihood they will be performed in the future underlies operant conditioning.
Operant conditioning is a type of associative learning process that modifies the intensity of behavior through reinforcement or punishment.
It is also the technology used to bring about such learning.For example, if a lab rat presses a lever when the light is green, it will receive a food pellet as a reward. Pressing the lever while the red light is on will cause a mild electric shock. This teaches you to pull the lever when the light is green and avoid the red light.Learn more about operant conditioning here: https://brainly.com/question/23333210
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trait theories assume behavior shows (some) consistency across situations. what do the behaviorists say about the issue of cross-situational consistency vs specificity?
Cross-situational consistency is the extent to which personality and/or conduct remain consistent across contexts.
Cross-situational consistency (the reverse of situation specificity), at least for social conduct, has consistently been demonstrated to be the exception. Although this has received a lot of attention in the fields of personality and social psychology, its effects on psychological research and practice have not yet been fully appreciated.
The cross-situational consistency of behavior is highlighted by the structural approach to personality, which is illustrated by academics who research personality characteristics.
People exhibit context specificity when they act differently under various circumstances. Cross-situational consistency (the reverse of situation specificity), at least for social conduct, has consistently been demonstrated to be the exception.
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legislative involvement during the preparation phase of an executive budget can have what notable result?
Participation of the legislature in the executive budget preparation process can increase support for the recommendations made in the executive budget.
The executive budget is what?The budget for the executive arm of the US government is known as the executive budget. It started as one of the changes of the Progressive Era, and the Woodrow Wilson Administration made it a federal policy in 1921. The executive budget-making process is divided into three steps. The creation of the president's budget is the first phase.
At this point, the president hands a complete budget that accounts for all federal initiatives to the US Congress. Congress then edits and revises the budget proposal. The budget is then completed and put into action. The legislature then presents a budget bill to it. The budget bill is written by the legislature, and an executive agency carries it out by deciding which projects to take on within the constraints set.
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Eric has put a lot of effort into his job performance because he is up for promotion this year. however, his coworker jacob has put in what he would consider to be a very minimal effort this past year. nonetheless, jacob gets the promotion, leaving eric feeling disappointed and unrewarded for his hard work. What motivation theory is best representative of this situation?.
As a result of this year's promotion opportunity, Eric has worked very hard at his job performance. Jacob, a coworker, has, in contrast, made what he thinks is a fairly minimum effort during the past year. Eric feels let down and underappreciated for his efforts when Jacob receives the promotion despite his efforts. This is the motivation representation of Equity theory.
The correct option is A.
The goal of equity theory is to ascertain if the allocation of resources is equitable to both relationship partners. By comparing the ratio of benefits to contributions for each person, equity is determined.
According to the idea of motivation known as equity, employees' feeling of fairness plays a significant role in what motivates them to do their best at work. Employees keep track of the inputs and outputs of their work in a mental ledger, which they use to assess how their inputs and outputs compare to those of others.
The complete question is:
Eric has put a lot of effort into his job performance because he is up for promotion this year. However, his coworker Jacob has put in what he would consider to be a very minimal effort this past year. Nonetheless, Jacob gets the promotion, leaving Eric feeling disappointed and unrewarded for his hard work. What motivation theory is best representative of this situation?
A. Equity theory
B. Hierarchy of needs theory
C. Expectancy theory
D. Three-needs theory
E. Two-factor theory
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according to the cognitive-mediational model, if others tell you that your psychology class will be fun and interesting, once in the class, you are likely to feel group of answer choices more positive emotions about the class less positive emotions about the class. the same about the class as you otherwise would have. the same about the class as you otherwise would have, but experience more physiological arousal when in the class.
The cognitive-mediational model states that if others tell you that your psychology class will be fascinating and pleasant, you are likely to experience more positive emotions about the class while you are in it.
The correct option is a.
According to the cognitive-mediational model, you are more likely to have positive emotions about your psychology class while you are taking it if others have assured you that it would be interesting and enjoyable.
According to the notion of cognitive mediation, mediation is a cognitive process. Since the parties may only come to an agreement at the conclusion of the process, it is assumed that they must acquire understanding. When abruptly given the opportunity to do so, they need to obtain understanding.
To put it another way, people should be informed not just before the mediation but also when making decisions on how to resolve the problem. Therefore, mediation must also have an impact outside of the confines of the official mediation process.
The complete question is:
According to the cognitive-mediational model, if others tell you that your psychology class will be fun and interesting, once in the class, you are likely to feel
group of answer choices
a. more positive emotions about the class
b. less positive emotions about the class.
c. the same about the class as you otherwise would have.
d. the same about the class as you otherwise would have, but experience more physiological arousal when in the class.
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what is the goal of naturalistic observation? question 5 options: to describe behavior as it occurs in a natural setting to describe the variables that are present and the relations among them to understand cause-and-effect relationships both (a) and (b)
The goal of naturalistic observation is to des-cribe beh-avior as it occurs in a nat-ural setting. The correct ans-wer is option A.
What is naturalistic observation?Naturalistic observation is a met-hod that involves obse-rving subjects in their natural environ-ment. The goal is to lo-ok at beha-vior in a natural setting with-out inter-vention.
Naturalistic observation is a resea-rch met-hod that involves obser-ving subjects in their natural environ-ment. This app-roach is of-ten used by psycho-logists and other so-cial scientists. It is a form of qualitative rese-arch, which focuses on collect-ing, evalua-ting, and descr-ibing non numerical data.
Hence the correct option is a to des-cribe beh-avior as it occurs in a nat-ural setting.
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The Bosphorus Strait is very important because _____
A) It connects the Black Sea to the Mediterranean Sea.
B) Many ships carrying goods such as grain and oil pass through.
C) Transportation for civilian and warships.
D) All of the Above
The Bosphorus Strait is crucial because it links the Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea.
Why did the Bosphorus strait matter so much?The importance of the Bosphorus Strait Since ancient times, it has been one of the most significant marine routes. These days, it is essential for the movement of oil from the Caspian Sea region and Russia to places like Asia, Eastern Europe, and Western Europe.
What channel links the Mediterranean Sea to the Black Sea?In northwest Turkey, there are two internationally significant waterways known as the Turkish straits (Turkish: Türk Boazlar). The straits establish a network of international channels that link the Black Sea to the Aegean and Mediterranean seas.
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which of the following connections to criminality is commonly rejected by sociologists?
A. genetic roots
B. structural forces
C. environmental influences
D. systemic constraints
Genetic roots connections to criminality is commonly rejected by sociologists. They keep an eye on what various social, religious, political, and commercial groups, organisations, and institutions are doing. They look at how various people and groups are impacted by social factors, such as institutions and organisations.
Jobs in social and welfare services, public health, the nonprofit sector, criminality justice, probation and prison services, rehabilitation and housing services are among the potential public service careers for sociologists graduates. However, sociologists would largely agree that the subject is primarily focused on three theoretical orientations. These disputes demand the attention of people in the field. These three theoretical stances are conflict perspective, structural functionalism, and symbolic interactionism.
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internet polls are ______.
Internet polls are highly reliable. An online poll is a survey in which participants respond by submitting information online, generally by filling out a form on a website.
Internet polls may be open to all participants or may only be open to a sample selected from a bigger panel. By asking a series of questions and extending generalizations into ratios or confidence intervals, opinion polls are often created to represent the opinions of a population. Pollster is a term used to describe someone who conducts polls. Push polls are interactive marketing strategies that are most frequently used during political campaigns to try and sway potential voters' opinions.
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Do you think Black Friday is a good thing or a bad thing?
Depending on how you look at it, Black Friday can have both positive and negative impact.
Looking at the perspective of retail stores, Black Friday has a positive impact on them as it gives retail stores a chance to clear out their inventory by getting rid of older products as well as out of season products while at the same time having a huge boost of profits simply by lowering their profit margin, but if you look at the consumers' point of view, Black Friday negatively impacts their decision making. Being bombarded with huge discounts on all consumer retail products, it will drive consumers to think that they are getting a good Black Friday deal and start to purchase a wide variety of goods, quickly filling up their shopping carts, and moreover with the convenience of online shopping, everything is just one click away, while the retail stores profits are tremendously boosted because of them.
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Which term best describes the study of the culture and structure of a group of
people in a society?
Answer:
Cultural Anthropology
Explanation:
1.what might be the consequences (positive and/or negative) of a social scientist's emotions or biases showing up in their research?
Personal biases impede the critical thinking of social scientists. The findings drawn are false and skewed.
What may happen if a social scientist's emotions or prejudices showed up in their study, both positively and negatively?The results of the experiments show that social scientists are more likely to perceive phenomena positively when they are feeling happy or surprised than when they are feeling angry or other negative emotions. For instance, a researcher may think of youngsters as extremely effective and autonomous if they observe a group of kids playing together when they are by themselves. However, when they are upset, they could accuse their parents of abandoning their small children. As a result, since the results are tainted by the specific emotions the social scientist is experiencing, the validity of their research is called into doubt.
A researcher may unintentionally regard participants from that group more favorably when comparing the results of two groups in a particular area if they have a bias toward that group. In comparison to another group that a researcher believes to be less effective, they may be more enthusiastic when explaining the research to them. As a result, the group that receives special attention from the researcher throughout the process is more likely to perform better—not because they are genuinely more efficient, but rather because of it. Personal prejudices impair social scientists' ability to reason. The conclusions reached are skewed and deceptive.
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By studying the rhetorical strategies billboards and advertisements use, people can.
By studying the rhetorical strategies billboards and advertisements use, people can c) evaluate and be able to resist messages designed to influence them.
Advertisements, billboards, etc are rhetorical strategies that are designed in order to grab attention and lure more customers to buy a particular product.
Rhetorical strategies are any strategies that a business or firm uses in order to persuade more customers to buy a particular product.
If we study all the rhetorical strategies that are applied by a company through aspects such as advertisements, billboards etc we can better understand the persuasive nature of these. Hence, we can then resist any message that a company sends our way and resist buying an invaluable product.
Although a part of your question is missing, you might be referring to this question:
By studying the rhetorical strategies billboards and advertisements use, people can
a) generate finding to better understanding
b) better understand democracy
c) evaluate and be able to resist messages designed to influence them
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what are the benefits of global trade
who is best fit for leading the department of agriculture and why
(can be anyone including fictional characters)
Answer:
Matt Damon from The Martian
Explanation:
Matt Damon plays a botanist who is able to survive on Mars for 6 years with limited resources. He uses his knowledge in agriculture and food conservation to prolong his survival by an additional 3 years. When applied on a macro level, Matt Damon from The Martian would be able to best effectively manage agriculture, food allocation, safety, and economics. Therefore, he would be the best fit for leading the department of agriculture.
characteristics of happenings include multiple select question. performances in parks, art galleries, and other unique spaces long continuous runs of productions being an extension of everyday life intentional, organized acts that explore time and space
Characteristics of happenings include performances in parks, art galleries, and other unique spaces, being an extension of everyday life and intentional, organized acts that explore time and space.
Happening refers to an event that combined elements of poetry, painting, dance, music, and theatre which were staged as live action. The term was coined by the American artist Allan Kaprow in the 1950s. Happenings typically took place in an environment such as art galleries, parks and other unique installations designed involving light, sound, slide projections and spectator participation, hence, providing an extension of everyday life. They flourished through the 1960s promoting performance art in which the focus was increasingly on the artist’s actions exploring time and space.
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which political ideology describes each candidate?
Conservatism is a cultural, social, and political worldview that seeks to uphold and support firmly established societal ideology norms and practices. Depending on the current state of the culture and civilisation in which it manifests, conservatism's fundamental principles can change.
The majority of Americans identify as conservative, liberal, or moderate, and American political beliefs often fall along the left-right political spectrum. Social conservatism, traditional liberalism, and economic liberalism all fall under ideology the umbrella of contemporary American conservatism. The principles of individual rights, freedom, consent of the governed, political equality, and equality before the law form the foundation of liberalism, a political and moral philosophy.
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What teacher are you most thankful for and why? What did you learn from him or her?
We are thankful for teachers because their assistance, kindness, expertise in instructing children, and of course their commitment.
It motivates the teachers to improve student achievement. Teachers who are passionate about what they do improve learning opportunities for students.
Students will benefit from the life principle of dedication in a variety of situations that call for tenacity, loyalty, and commitment. Dedication acquired through martial arts training or elsewhere can also serve as a foundation for enhanced academic performance and social interactions.
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if the team had taken time for a short conversation prior to the procedure, what do you think they could have accomplished?
No matter what the field you work in, you will be a part of the team and must take the deliberate steps to ensure that team conversation effectiveness while the thinking about procedure job within a health care team.
The sender hears what the receiver repeats back to him. The benefits of having a defined emergency plan are the illustrated by the effective care provided in this instance. Conversation must the assertively express your concerns at least twice to make sure they procedure are heard. The team member who is being the criticised must admit that their concerns have been taken seriously.
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ynn has always wanted to work as an urban farm technician. after speaking to a friend who is already on the agribusiness systems career pathway, she realizes that she will need to develop many skills beyond just understanding farming basics to be successful. what is one skill that lynn will need to develop?
She need to develop interpersonal skills, analytical skills, management skills, technological skills, problem solving skills.
Interpersonal skills, analytical skills, management skills, technological skills, and problem-solving skills like knowing what causes post-harvest skills and how to reduce them are among the most important skills in agriculture.Hard skills are also referred to as job-specific skills that can be learned through instruction or practical experience.
Understanding precision agriculture, being a large animal veterinarian, having a degree in agronomy, or being a mechanic are all examples of hard skills in agriculture. Agriculture has many effects on society, including:supplying food, habitat, and work for people's livelihoods;supplying food and other products with their raw materials;also, building solid economies through exchange
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quilzet to feel good about ourselves suggests that we should feel good about the groups we belong to is a premise in the
To feel good about ourselves suggests that we should feel good about the groups we belong to is a premise in the looking-glass self describes the manner in which people base their feel of self on how they accept as true with others view them.
Using social interplay as a kind of “mirror,” humans use the judgments they acquire from others to degree their very own worth, values, and behavior. Humans have an organic force to belong. We are trying to find out social contact, now no longer most effective due to the existence capabilities it is able to fulfil, however also due to the fact it's far inherently rewarding. These neurobiological mechanisms — constructed round opiate and oxytocin launch withinside the brain — experience great and make us need to socialize more.
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to be successful in professional messaging, you should _____. select all that apply.
To be successful in professional messaging, you should share articles about the latest industry trends. connect with current and former colleagues. upload photos and media clips from a conference you organized
Professional writing is a type of written communication used in the workplace to help professionals (such as entrepreneurs, academics, physicians, and attorneys) make educated judgments. Professional writing often has a professional tone and is distinct from literary or artistic writing.
Reports, proposals, emails, letters, and memoranda are all instances of professional written communication. Written communication is typically thought to be more formal than other forms of communication.
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According to victor vroom, the belief that performance will result in obtaining a particular reward is known as __________.
According to Victor Vroom, the belief that performance will result in obtaining a particular reward is known as instrumentality.
According to Vroom's Expectancy Theory, in order for an employee to put forth effort, they must believe the task is attainable. If the task is manageable, the employee will be motivated to succeed in order to earn the bonus (Expectancy).
According to Vroom, an employee's beliefs about Expectancy, Instrumentality, and Valence interact psychologically to create a motivating force that causes the employee to act in ways that bring pleasure while avoiding pain. According to the Expectancy theory, employee motivation is determined by how much an individual desires a reward (Valence), the assessment of the likelihood that the effort will result in expected performance (Expectancy), and the belief that the performance will result in reward (Instrumentality).
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in the context of similarity, which of the following is true of people who like another person? liking is explicit when it is one-sided. proximity influences initial attraction. similarity influences short-term attraction. attractiveness does not influence initial attraction.
B) People who like another person will often be attracted to them more initially if they are close to them.
What is the attraction?We are drawn to other people in large part by attraction. Although it's customary to associate attraction with sexual desire, there are also a variety of other sorts of attraction that people might encounter. People frequently assume that the word "attraction" refers to both romantic and sexual attraction when they hear it.
They also believe that these two types of attraction are similar to one another. Recognizing that diverse people might experience attraction is crucial. Knowing what you're attracted to and how you feel might help you become more self-aware and understand what you need from other people in relationships.
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research on the effects of maternal employment on adolescents suggests that
The research on the effects of maternal employment on adolescents suggests that - full-time mother work (as opposed to part-time) had little to no impact on teenagers' smoking propensity, life satisfaction, self-esteem, or intention to drop out of school at the age of 16.
The well-being of adolescents can be impacted by full-time parental work in a number of ways. Long-working mothers may find it difficult to support their children emotionally, keep an eye on their behaviour, and encourage their participation in extracurricular activities and school.
Research that looks at how working mothers affect their children has been stimulated by the quick rise in female employment rates and the proportion of kids living in female-headed or single-mother families.
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Goal __________ is defined as the extent to which a person is interested in reaching a goal.
Goal commitment is said to be defined as the extent to which a person is interested in reaching a goal.
Goal commitment is referred to as the degree of determination where a person tend to use to achieve an accepted goal when he or she is interested, and so it is said to be determined by the two major factors: importance and self-efficacy.
However, the goal commitment is said to be our determination in order to pursue a course of action which will thus lead to the goal we aspire in order to achieve. Thus, goal commitment is said to be defined as the extent to which a person is interested in reaching a desired goal.
Hence, goal commitment is the degree of determination.
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interpretive sociology is based on the understanding that humans engage in meaningful interactions and place meaning, it is on the_____where meaning is placed.
Interpretive sociology is based on the understanding that humans interact meaningfully and place meaning. The meaning is placed in investigators systematically
Interpretive sociology meaning. Interpretive sociology (understanding sociology) is a social science that focuses on the meanings that people attach to the social world. Interpretive sociology seeks to show that reality is constructed by people themselves in their daily lives. Interpretive sociology. The study of society focused on discovering the meanings people place in the social world. Participate in observation. A research method in which researchers systematically observe people and accompany them in their daily activities. An interpretive perspective refers to the philosophical justification of a research perspective. Its main premise is to explore co-constructed meanings between participants in oral and written communication.
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identify a best practice a journalist should follow when making a promise of confidentiality to the source.
A best practice a journalist should follow when making a promise of confidentiality to the source is to consider whether the confidentiality agreement is necessary to get such a story.
Confidential sources refer to sources which provide information or data to journalists or any other writers with a confidentiality agreement that their actual identities will be kept anonymous and will not be revealed in the reporting of the details that they have provided. The use of confidential sources ensures that no harm, negativity, or backlash is received by the sources providing the information which may be sensitive or proprietary. Among the best practices in journalism to use promise of confidentiality where it is absolutely necessary and the story is not possible without it. If the story can be done without such an agreement, journalists should do so.
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which is the first part of looking-glass self? a. developing a feeling about ourselves b. imagining how others evaluate us c. imagining how we present ourselves to others d. imagining how attractive, intelligent, shy, or strange we are
the first part of looking-glass self imagining how we present ourselves to others.
The process by which people build their sense of self on how they think others perceive them is known as the "looking-glass self." People use social interaction as a kind of "mirror," measuring their own worth, ideals, and actions against what others think of them. According to Self, Symbols, & Society, Cooley's theory is noteworthy because it contends that social contexts—rather than solitary confinement—are where self-concept is developed. Thus, society and people are not two distinct phenomena, but rather two complementary facets of the same phenomenon.
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although sue yen sees her chemistry teacher several times a week, she didn't recognize the teacher when she saw her in the grocery store. this best illustrates the importance of
Although sue yen sees her chemistry teacher several times a week, she didn't recognize the teacher when she saw her in the grocery store. this best illustrates the importance of context effects.
Chemistry is the department of science that offers with the homes, composition, and shape of factors and compounds, how they are able to trade, and the electricity this is released or absorbed after they alternate.
Chemistry is the observe of matter and exchange. The manner that chemists study rely and exchange and the types of systems which might be studied varies dramatically. traditionally, chemistry has been broken into 5 fundamental subdisciplines: organic, Analytical, bodily, Inorganic and Biochemistry.
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according to political scientist b guy peters, clientele agencies rely on a single or a select few interest groups to represent an entire sector when seeking information and advice. as a result, clientele relationships become symbiotic, or mutually dependent. which of the following best explains how the usda's national organic program provides a good example of the symbiotic relationships that exist in the clientele agencies?
USDA's National Organic Program provides a good example of the symbiotic relationship that exist in the clientele agencies as the agricultural producers benefit from standards that help them bring organic foods to market, and the NOP receives expert assistance from agricultural producers in making rules and supporting organic standards.
A symbiotic relationship is a relationship between two organisms in which both organisms benefit from the association.
One example of a symbiotic relationship is the relationship between a clownfish and a sea anemone. The clownfish gets protection from predators from the stinging tentacles of the anemone, and the anemone gets a meal from the scraps left behind by the clownfish.
This question is incomplete, the complete question is:
According to political scientist B. Guy Peters, clientele agencies rely on a single or a select few interest groups to represent an entire sector when seeking information and advice. As a result, clientele relationships become symbiotic, or mutually dependent. Explain how the USDA's National Organic Program provides a good example of the symbiotic relationships that exist in clientele agencies?
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