The risk premium is the excess return required from a risky asset over the return required from a risk-free asset.
A risk premium is a measure of excess return required by an individual to compensate for being exposed to a higher level of risk. It is frequently used in finance and economics, with the standard definition being the projected hazardous return less the risk-free return, as indicated by the formula below. There are numerous types of risk, including financial risk, bodily danger, and reputation risk. If the risk premium can be quantified, the expected payout from these risks can be computed. In the equities market, the amount of a stock's standard deviation from the mean can be used to measure its riskiness.
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when someone discusses alfalfa hay and almonds from california as being virtual water exports, what they really mean is that
Alfalfa hay and almonds from california as being virtual water exports. These crops consume a lot of water, and most of them are exported out of the country.
Which causes of water pollution are due to human activity quizlet?Agriculture, industry, and mining are the main causes of water contamination, but it becomes worse because of both population expansion and the rate at which we consume resources.Almost every manner we utilize water results in some kind of water contamination.However, industrialisation and the quickening rate of population expansion are the two fundamental drivers of water contamination.Although many dirty water supplies have been cleaned up in developed nations, some water is still severely polluted.To learn more about industrialisation refer,
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If the marginal cost of producing a television is constant at $200, then a firm should produce this
item
A) as long as its marginal cost does not rise.
B) as long as the marginal benefit (i.e., marginal revenue) it receives is just equal to or greater
than $200.
C) only if the marginal benefit it receives is greater than $200 plus an acceptable profit
margin.
D) until the marginal benefit it receives reaches zero.
Table 1-1
Hours
Open
Total
Revenue
(dollars)
1 $35
2 60
3 80
4 92
5 100
6 105
Eva runs a small bakery in the village of Roggerli. She is debating whether she should extend her hours of operation. Eva
figures that her sales revenue will depend on the number of additional hours the bakery is open as shown in the table
above. She would have to hire a worker for those hours at a wage rate of $12 per hour.
Answer:
b
Explanation:
b b b b b b
Suppose an economy originally in long-run equilibrium experiences a decrease in aggregate demand. According to the classical model 1) the price level will not change but real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) will fall. 2) real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) will fall, and then the price level will fall also. 3) real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) will not change but the price level will fall, 4) real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) will fall, wages will fall, but the prices of goods and services will stay the same.
Suppose an economy originally in long-run equilibrium experiences a decrease in aggregate demand. According to the classical model real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) will not change but the price level will fall.
Gross domestic product is a monetary measure of the market value of all final goods and services produced and sold by a country in a given period of time. Due to its complex and subjective nature, this indicator is often revised before being considered a reliable indicator.
GDP measures the monetary value of the final goods and services produced (that is, purchased by final consumers) in a country over a specified period of time (such as a quarter or a year). Counts all electricity generated within a country's borders.
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if the first payment into the fund occurs today, what amount will be in the fund in 20 years? if the first payment occurs at year-end, what amount will be in the fund in 20 years?
Future value (FV) is a term used to describe how much, at some future date and with a given interest rate, a sequence of regular payments will be worth.
As a result, it will show you how much you will have accumulated as of a future date if you, for instance, plan to invest a set amount each month or year.The future value is helpful in calculating the overall cost of a loan if you are making regular payments on it.
In contrast to the future value calculation, a present value (PV) calculation tells you how much money would be required now to produce a series of payments in the future, again assuming a set interest rate.
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which statement below regarding monetary policy is false? we classify our money supply according to liquidity. stable prices facilitate trade. central banks aim for an inflation rate of 5%. monetary policy should promote maximum stable employment.
Central banks aim for an inflation rate of 5%. Because, Central bank follow zero inflation rate policy, that enhance the economic growth along with adding liquidity money.
The rest of the options are true because monetary policy follow them.
What monetary policy?A nation's overall money supply is managed by monetary policy, which also aims to promote economic growth.Interest rate changes and adjustments to bank reserve requirements are examples of monetary policy strategies.It is conventional to categorize monetary policy as either expansionary or restrictive.The Federal Reserve frequently employs the discount rate, open market operations, and reserve requirements as its three primary monetary policy tools.Controlling the amount of money in an economy and the channels through which it is provided is known as monetary policy.Monetary policy strategy is influenced by economic indicators including the GDP, inflation rate, and industry- and sector-specific growth rates.The interest rates that a central bank charges to lend money to the country's banks are subject to change. Financial institutions modify rates for their clients, such businesses or homebuyers, as rates rise or fall.In addition, it has the power to set foreign exchange rates, purchase or sell government bonds, and adjust the minimum amount of cash that banks must hold in reserves.To learn more about monetary policy, refer to
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Luis created a spreadsheet of his expenses for three months. Which of luis’s expenses are variable expenses?.
As they vary from month to month, Luis's variable expenses are the utility bill, groceries, clothing and fuel.
Variable expense is a concept in economics. They are costs that change due to an increase or decrease in the production volume, such as raw material costs.
The variable cost in money is obtained by multiplying, starting from a certain cost, the variable cost in kind by the price of the variable factor. The curves of average variable cost and marginal variable cost are deduced from the curve of variable cost in money according to geometric relationships.
Therefore, as they vary from month to month, Luis's variable expenses are the utility bill, groceries, clothing and fuel.
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If a client has an extraordinary day with a high rate of behavior that is not likely to be repeated in the future, you do not have to adjust the y-axis to accommodate it. True or False
True, you do not need to change the y-axis to accommodate a client who has an exceptional day with a high rate of behavior that is unlikely to occur again.
How long has passed since the previous iteration of the same behavior?
Interresponse Time, or IRT, is the time between two behaviors that occur in succession.
Which differential reinforcement strategy makes it possible to reward any behavior?
A method of reinforcement known as differential reinforcement of other behaviors (DRO) involves rewarding any response other than a specific target behavior.
Which methods of data collection overestimate behavior?
Because a behavior is still recorded as occurring only once even if it occurs multiple times during an interval, partial-interval recording typically overestimates the overall duration and underestimates the rate of the behavior.
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juliana has monthly take home pay of $2,950. she also receives $350 per month in child support. juliana has the following monthly debt payments: car payment ($212), student loan payment ($220), and credit card payment to pay off past debt ($625). calculate juliana's debt payment to income ratio.
The debt-to-income ratio for Juliana is 32.03%.
Your debt-to-income ratio (DTI) compares your monthly loan payments to your monthly income. It refers specifically to the portion of your gross monthly income (pre-tax) that is used to pay off debts like rent, a mortgage, credit cards, and other obligations.
A low debt-to-income (DTI) ratio indicates that debt and income are well balanced. In other words, a DTI ratio of 15% indicates that 15% of your gross monthly income is used to pay off debt.
1) Total income = 2950+350 = 3300
Debt payment = 212+220+625 = 1057
Debt payment to income ratio = 1057/3300 *100= 32.03%
2) APR of loan = 800 / 10,000 * 100 = 8%
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suppose able corporation received a $22,000, 9%, 120 day note receivable on november 15, 2017. further, suppose interest on the note was accrued appropriately on december 31, 2017, the end of the fiscal year. the journal entry to record the cash received when the note matured on march 15, 2018 would include:
Able corporation received a $22,000, 9%, 120 days note receivable on November 15, 2017. Interest on the note was accrued appropriately on December 31, 2017, the end of the fiscal year. The journal entry to record the cash received when the note matured on march 15, 2018 would include:
Cash= $22,495
Interest revenue = 22,000*9%*3/12
= $495
Note receivable= $22,000
Cash will be debited by $22495 whereas interest revenue and note receivable will be credited by $495 and $22,000 respectively.
What is journal entry?
Journals record all company transactions. A transaction is broadly defined as any financial activity that affects your business. Transactions are recorded in accounting journals that show the company's debit and credit balances. A journal entry can consist of multiple entries, each representing either a debit or a credit.
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the goal of project crashing is to: a. reduce the schedule without changing the project scope b. reduce the schedule by minimizing project risks c. reduce project costs d. expand the schedule to embrace multiple critical paths
By allocating additional resources where they are most required, project crashing either maintains or accelerates a project's scope and deadline.
Project crashing gives your team the extra resources they need to meet project deadlines at the last minute.
What is crashing a project?
Project crashing is a timetable pressure method wherein you get extra assets to all the while complete two errands. According to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK® Guide), crashing is a method for reducing your project schedule at the lowest possible cost.
By reducing the time spent on one or more of the critical path activities to a fraction of their normal duration, project crashing can be used to shorten the duration of a project. Project crashing aims to extend the duration of the project at the lowest possible cost.
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scenario 25-2: money creation the reserve requirement is 20%, and leroy deposits his $1,000 check received as a graduation gift in his checking account. the bank does not want to hold excess reserves. use scenario 25-2. which of the following is an accurate description of the bank's balance sheet immediately after the deposit?
$4,000 is an accurate description of the bank's balance sheet immediately after the deposit.
In financial accounting, a balance sheet (additionally called a declaration of an economic function or assertion of financial circumstance) is a summary of the economic balances of a character or organization, whether or not it be a sole proprietorship, a commercial enterprise partnership, an employer, private confined enterprise or different company along with authorities or not-for-income entity. assets, liabilities and ownership fairness are indexed as of a specific date, which includes the cease of its economic 12 months.
Of the 4 primary financial statements, the balance sheet is the most effective announcement which applies to a single point in time of a business's calendar 12 months. A widespread organization balance sheet has aspects: belongings on the left, and financing on the right–which itself has components; liabilities and possession fairness. the primary categories of property are commonly indexed first, and generally so as of liquidity.
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All the factors below are causes of diminishing marginal returns, except
a) Difficulty of monitoring and motivating larger workforces
b) Increasing complexity of larger systems
c) Division of Labor
d) Some factor is fixed
With the exception of division of labor, all of the following factors contribute to diminishing marginal returns.
Division of labor, or the division of a work process into a number of tasks, each of which is carried out by a distinct individual or group of individuals One of the fundamental organizing principles of the assembly line, it is most frequently applied to systems of mass production. The contribute handling of various tools and parts is restricted and unnecessary motion is eliminated when work is divided into straightforward, repetitive tasks.
Lower production costs and a less expensive finished product are the result of the resulting decrease in production time and the ability to division of labor replace skilled craftsmen with less-paid unskilled workers. Contrary to popular belief, however, the division of labor does contribute not always result in the proletarianization of the working population, or a decline in skills.
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the persons responsible for forming corporate-level strategy are the ___.
The persons responsible for forming corporate-level strategy are the executives.
A business executive is someone who oversees the management of a company, albeit the specifics of the position vary depending on the company. Companies and governments are run by executives. They develop strategies to advance their businesses. Since the requirements of this role require hardworking individuals with years of experience in a variety of business facets, becoming an executive typically takes years of promotions and hard work.
Business executives hold a variety of positions. These positions include CEO, manager of a department store and owner of a small firm. They formulate and evaluate the company's objectives. They collaborate closely with a group of assistants or senior staff members. To accomplish these objectives, this team may develop both long-term and short-term plans. Executives ensure that the company complies with the changes once the plans are established.
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court casuals has 200,000 shares of common stock outstanding as of the beginning of the year and has the following transactions affecting stockholders' equity during the year. may 18 issues 24,000 additional shares of $1 par value common stock for $40 per share. may 31 purchases 6,000 shares of treasury stock for $44 per share. july 1 declares a cash dividend of $1 per share to all stockholders of record on july 15. hint: dividends are not paid on treasury stock. july 31 pays the cash dividend declared on july 1. august 10 resells 2,200 shares of treasury stock purchased on may 31 for $48 per share.
Be careful to recognize a Liability - Shareholders for Dividends when dividends are declared.
May 18
Cash $1,032,000 (debit)
Common Stock $1,032,000 (credit)
May 31
Treasury Stock $210,000 (debit)
Cash $210,000 (credit)
July 1
Dividend Declared $438,000 (debit)
Shareholders for Dividends $438,000 (credit)
Dividend = (200,000+24,000-5,000)×$2 = $438,000
July 31
Shareholders for Dividends $438,000 (debit)
Cash $438,000 (credit)
August 10
Cash $110,000 (debit)
Treasury Stock $110,000 (credit)
A dividend is a payment made by a corporation to its shareholders that is decided by the board of directors. Dividend payments are frequently made quarterly and might take the form of cash payments or stock reinvestments.
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a dominant strategy can best be described as part 2 a. the strategy taken by a firm in order to dominate its rivals. b. a strategy that leaves every player in a game better off. c. a strategy that is optimal for a player no matter what an opponent does. d. a strategy taken by a dominant firm. e. all of the above.
A dominant strategy can best be described as part of a strategy that is optimal for a player no matter what an opponent does (option c).
What is the dominant strategy?A dominant strategy is a strategy that is always better than any other strategy, no matter what strategy the other person chooses. If both you and your opponent have a dominant strategy, then you will both choose that strategy and be better off than if you had chosen any other strategy. However, if only one person has a dominant strategy, then that person has a big advantage over the other person. The dominant strategy is very important in game theory and can be the difference between winning and losing.
In a dominant strategy, then the player with the superior strategy wins a game compared to the opponent. This is because the strategy applied by the winning player is more effective and superior.
It can be concluded that a dominant strategy can best be described as part of a strategy that is optimal for a player no matter what an opponent does (option c).
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is the process of researching and developing new instruments to address the needs of investors and institutions in a rapidly changing financial climate. A. Financial engineering B. Customer manipulation C. Customer engineering D. Financial manipulation
The process of researching and creating new instruments to meet the requirements of investors and institutions in a financial environment that is rapidly shifting is known as financial engineering.
The application of mathematical techniques to the resolution of finance-related issues is known as financial engineering.Financial mathematics, mathematical finance, and computational finance are all other names for it.Tools from applied mathematics, computer science, statistics, and economic theory are used in financial engineering.
What distinguishes finance from financial engineering?
The fact that finance professionals use the products that finance engineers create in order to serve clients is a basic way to understand the difference between the two professions. Even though the two professions are distinct, they collaborated to create the industry we know today.
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How can expansionary expenditure-based fiscal policy lead to crowding out in the economy?.
Expansionary expenditure Fiscal policy spending leads to more government borrowing, absorbing funds that would otherwise be borrowed and spent by the private sector.
Fiscal policy is the use of government spending and taxes to influence the economy. Governments typically use fiscal policies to promote strong, sustainable growth and reduce poverty.
The two most important examples of expansionary fiscal policy are tax cuts and increased government spending. Both measures aim to increase aggregate demand while contributing to deficits or reducing budget surpluses.
The main goals of fiscal policy include economic stability, price stability, full employment, optimal allocation of resources, accelerated economic development, promotion of investment, and capital formation and growth.
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a tax-exempt municipal bond has a yield to maturity of 3.90%. an investor, who has a marginal tax rate of 35.00%, would prefer and an otherwise identical taxable corporate bond if it had a yield to maturity of more than %.
A tax-exempt municipal bond yields a return of 4.99%,
The equivalent taxable interest rate for the investor will be :
R(t e) = R(t f)/( 1 -tax rate),
where,
t= marginal tax rate
R( t e) = equivalent tax-free interest rate for the investor
R = return on tax-free investment like a municipal bond.
so, the figures will be:
4.99%/( 1- 0.3)
=7.1286%
The investor will prefer an identical corporate bond only if it offers a yield which is greater than 7.1286%.
An investor is the market player most people most often pals with the inventory marketplace. Buyers are people who buy shares of an enterprise for the long term with the perception that the corporation has sturdy destiny potentialities.
It is some distance more common for dividends to be paid quarterly or annually, however, a few stocks and other forms of investments pay dividends monthly to their shareholders. Simplest about 50 public companies pay dividends month-to-month out of a few three,000 that pay dividends on a normal foundation.
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Senath company’s annual report reveals net credit sales of $240,000 and average accounts receivable of $20,000. The report also shows an average inventory balance of $10,000 and cost of goods of $200,000. Based on this information,the accounts receivable turnover is?.
According to question The net credit sales is $240,000; average account receivable is $20,000; an average balance is $10,000; and cost of goods purchased is $200,000. Based on this information the account receivable is $70,000/-
Inventory Value is defined as the standard cost recorded on the general ledger or inventory system of a Loan Party stated on a basis consistent with its current account and historical accounting practices, expressed in dollars, determined in accordance with the standard cost method of accounting less, without duplication, I any markup on Inventory from an affiliate and in the event variances under the standard cost method of accounting. Eligible Inventory is defined as Inventory of a Borrower that is in compliance with all representations and warranties regarding Eligible Inventory made in the Loan Documents and is not excluded as ineligible due to one or more of the exclusion criteria listed below; provided, however, that such criteria may be revised from time to time by Agent in Agent's Permitted Discretion to take into account the findings of any field examination or appraisal performed by Agent from time to time. When calculating the amount to be included, inventory shall be valued at the lower of cost or market on a basis consistent with the Borrowers' prior accounting practices.
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on may 22, jarrett company borrows $8,600, signing a 90-day, 6%, $8,600 note. what is the journal entry made by jarrett company to record the payment of the note on the maturity date?
The magazine access made through Jarrett business enterprise to document the price of the be aware at the adulthood date is
Cash debit 8,400
Notes payable credit score 8,400.
The required details for journal entry in given paragraph
A magazine access is the act of retaining or making statistics of any transactions both economic or non-economic. Transactions are indexed in an accounting magazine that suggests a business enterprise's debit and credit score balances. The magazine access can consist of several recordings, every of that's both a debit or a credit score. The general of the debits need to same the full of the credits, or the magazine access is taken into consideration unbalanced. Journal entries can document particular gadgets or ordinary gadgets such as depreciation or bond amortization. In accounting software, magazine entries are commonly entered the use of a separate module from money owed payable, which normally has its own subledger, that not directly influences the trendy ledger. As a result, magazine entries at once alternate the account balances on the overall ledger.
A well documented magazine access includes an appropriate date, quantity(s) to be able to be debited, quantity to be able to be credited, narration of the transaction, and particular reference number.
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manuel wants to purchase a new computer and go to the caribbean for spring break. the computer is priced at $1,299, and the vacation is priced at $800. he has only $1,574 in his checking account, so he cannot afford to purchase both. after much thought, manuel buys the computer and writes a check for $1,299.
Money's function as a "store of value" and a "means of exchange"
What is a computer ?A computers is a piece of electronic equipment used to manipulate data or information. Data can be stored, retrieved, and processed by it. You may already be aware of the fact that you are able be using a computer to surf the Internet, send emails, type documents, and play games.
What is importance of computer ?Will be the first window can access the Internet, a computer is a crucial instrument for processing information and data. It is a crucial tool for scientific students, who frequently use it to create reports and projects for school.
Explanation:Money serves as a medium of commerce, a unit of measurement, a store of value, and a benchmark for deferred payments.
Manuel use of money to buy a computer demonstrates the function of money as a "medium of exchange," since it serves as a means of acquiring purchasing power. It is considerably more convenient to use money as a medium of exchange and to transmit purchasing power than the barter economy (commodity to commodity exchange)
Bank money left over after buying a computer: This illustrates the function of money as a "store of value." Compared to barter commodities, which require upkeep and have variable value, money represents the most practical, affordable, and stable form of holding value. The saved funds may be applied to future needs (eg - vacation later).
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what is the rationale for saying that the federal government provides a tax subsidy to corporate debtors?
Interest payments are the tax-deductible rationale for saying that the federal government provides a tax subsidy to corporate debtors.
Federal refers to the fact that there is a joint federal and state government. In a "republic," the populace holds the reins of power but chooses representatives to carry it out.
United States-wide regulations are known as federal laws. Each state is subject to the following laws: legal guidelines governing immigration. legislation governing bankruptcy. A legal entity that has a debt to another entity is known as a debtor or debtor. A person, business, government, corporation, or other legal entity could be the entity. Known as a creditor, the counterparty. The debtor is more frequently referred to as the borrower when the counterpart of this debt arrangement is a bank.
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the accountant at kramer company is figuring out the difference in income taxes the company will pay depending on the choice of either fifo or lifo as an inventory costing method. the tax rate is 30% and the fifo method will result in income before taxes of $4,370. the lifo method will result in income before taxes of $3,950. compute the difference in tax that would be paid between the two methods. example of answer: 4000 (no comma, space, decimal point, or $ sign)
A tax is a charge based on an individual's or a business's revenue or turnover.The tax authorities tax the income generated during the previous period (financial year) during the current year.
Details: ($) Taxes under FIFO (4,370 x 30%): 1,311
What is a tax?
A tax is a mandatory contribution that a local, regional, or national government collects from individuals or businesses.Public works and services like roads and schools, as well as programs like Social Security and Medicare, are financed by tax revenue.
What is the goal of taxation?
A fundamental method by which nations generate public revenues that enable investments in human capital, infrastructure, and the provision of services for citizens and businesses is through the collection of taxes and fees.
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wilson supported the creation of the federal trade commission, or ftc, in order to prevent companies from engaging in
Wilson supported the creation of the federal trade commission, or FTC, in order to prevent companies from engaging in unfair trade practices that limited competition.
Unfair enterprise practices include deception, oppressive or unethical conduct on the part of organizations, often directed at clients, and are illegal in lots of jurisdictions. With positive exceptions and transitional intervals, every member country of the EU Union is needed to adjust unfair business practices according to the Unfair Commercial Practices Directive.
Inside the US, the Bureau of patron protection of the Federal alternate commission works to forestall unfair commercial enterprise practices with the aid of "gathering reviews from customers and carrying out investigations, suing corporations and those that smash the law, developing regulations to preserve a truthful marketplace, and educating customers and companies about their responsibilities.
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how can two companies with very different cultures that operate in the same industry both be successful?
Hire professionals to assist with the integration, Involve the employees in the process where possible, and Communicate frequently with both organizations that operate in the same industry both be successful.
Integration is the process of combining smaller parts into a single, cohesive system.
When disparate individuals or things are brought together, integration occurs. For example, all of the district's elementary school students attended the new middle school, or snowboarding was introduced to all ski slopes.
Typically, the products and services that an industry produces are used to classify it. The producers who make and sell pizza on the market, for instance, make up the pizza industry. It is significant to remember that a pizza maker must sell the product they produce on the market in order to be considered a member of the pizza industry.
Schools and educational services of every kind are included in the education sector.
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In order to be successful, marketers avoid small market segments in favor of larger targets.
In order to be successful, marketers avoid small market segments in favor of larger targets.----- True
What's the meaning of segment market?
Market segmentation is a marketing strategy in which select groups of consumers are linked so that certain products or product lines can be presented to them in a way that appeals to their interests
Why member a request is important?Market segmentation allows companies to learn about their guests. They gain a better understanding of client's requirements and wants and thus can conform juggernauts to client parts most likely to buy products.
What are the 4 main market segments?Demographic, psychographic, behavioral and geographic segmentation are considered the four main types of market segmentation, but there are also numerous other strategies you can use, including multitudinous variations on the four main types.
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match each type of market to its welfare effect. perfect price discrimination monopolist that charges a single price perfectly competitive maximizes benefits to producers press space to open creates inefficiency press space to open maximizes benefits to consumers
Answer:
Explanation:
look at image I attached
Which of the following events would cause both the equilibrium price and equilibrium quantity of number two grade potatoes to increase if number two grade potatoes are an inferior good? (Explain why correct/incorrect for each answer)
A/an increase in consumer income
B/a decrease in consumer income
C/ greater government restrictions on agricultural chemicals
D/ fewer government restrictions on agricultural chemicals
A decrease in consumer income would cause both the equilibrium price and equilibrium quantity of number two grade potatoes to increase if number two grade potatoes are an inferior good .Option B is correct .
What does "equilibrium pricing" mean?
The consumer cost associated with a good or service when supply and demand are equal or nearly equal is referred to as the equilibrium price, also known as the market-clearing price. The producer or vendor may sell as many units as they like, and the buyer may access as many units as they choose to purchase.What is equilibrium quantity ?
When a product is in equilibrium quantity on the market, there is neither a shortage nor an excess. When supply and demand coincide, the quantity of a good that consumers want to buy and the quantity that its suppliers are supplying are the same.Learn more about equilibrium price
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the project charter should include as many risks as can be brainstormed to be sure to have enough funds for contingencies.
a. true
b. false
The project charter should include as many risks as can be brainstormed to be sure to have enough funds for contingencies.
The statement is true.
The undertaking charter must include as many risks as may be brainstormed to be sure to have enough price range for contingencies.
Undertaking approval requirements kingdom while the sponsor wants to overview the development of the undertaking and make choices approximately shifting to the subsequent phase.
A critical point to examine is that the introduction of a challenge constitution encompasses all the assignment regions inclusive of, scope, chance, time, value, best, human sources, communications, and procurement).
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According to the Porter's Five Forces Model, which one of the following is not a competitive force for a firm? a.substitute products b.buye's power c.suppliers power d.uniqe selling proposition
Porter's Five Forces Model showed that one thing that was not a competitive force to a firm is the d. unique selling proposition
What are competitive forces in Porter's Five Forces Model?Porter's Five Forces Model include the competitive forces of a firm which are those things that can lead to them having less sales and therefore less profitability.
They include the power that buyer's have to negotiate price, the power that suppliers have to dictate price, and the substitute products available to a company's products. A company's unique selling proposition is an advantage and not a competitive force.
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