The effective nuclear charge, Zeff, experienced by valence electrons in an atom can be estimated from the equation:

Zeff = the number of protons – the number of core electrons

Using this estimation, effective nuclear charge for Main Group elements would ___ left to right across a period and ___ down a group.

91.2 nm is the shortest wavelength line in nanometers in series of the hydrogen spectrum when m=l and n>l

The electromagnetic radiation that a hydrogen electron emits when it transitions from an excited state to a normal state is known as the hydrogen spectrum. The wavelength of the hydrogen spectrum correlates to the energy emitted.

In order to boost electrons to higher energy levels, hydrogen molecules must first be broken into hydrogen atoms (thus the atomic hydrogen emission spectrum). Assume an electron is stimulated to the third energy level. It would probably lose energy once again if it dropped to a lower level.

As we know,

1/λ = R × (z)²× [(1/n₁)² - (1/n₂)²]

Given, it is hydrogen spectrum thus z = 1

and R = 1.097 × 10⁷ m⁻¹

n₁ = 1 and n₂ = ∞

Now,

or, 1/λ = (1.097 × 10⁷ m⁻¹) × (1)²× [(1/1)² - (1/∞)²]

or, 1/λ = 1.097 × 10⁷ m⁻¹

or, λ = 1/ 1.097 × 10⁷ m⁻¹

λ = 91.2 nm

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The oxidative decarboxylation of -ketoglutarate to succinyl coenzyme A is catalyzed by the -ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (ODHC) (succinyl-CoA).

A tightly controlled enzyme called alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (-KGDH) may control the metabolic flow through the Krebs cycle. It directly creates NADH and catalyzes the conversion of -ketoglutarate to succinyl-CoA, supplying the respiratory chain with electrons.

The -ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex does not have a sophisticated regulation system comprising a kinase and a phosphatase, in contrast to the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. High ratios of ATP/ADP, succinyl-CoA/CoASH, and NADH/NAD+, on the other hand, inhibit activity while Ca2+ stimulates it.

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0.1825 M is the concentration of H2SO4

To do this, let's write equation again:

Na2CO3 + H2SO4 ---------> H2O + CO2 + Na2SO4

As we can see, equation is already balanced and we can also see that mole ratio between the acid and the carbonate is 1:1, this means that moles of the acid, would be the same moles of carbonate, therefore, we can use the following expression:

M₁V₁ = M₂V₂ (1)

1: Is the carbonate

2: is the acid

To get the concentration of acid, we need to calculate the moles of carbonate used. This can be done using the molecular mass of sodium carbonate, which is 105.9888 g/mol, so the moles:

n₁ = 0.512/105.9888 = 0.0048 moles

Now that we have moles, we can use (1) and calculate the concentration of acid.

We know :

n₁ = M₁V₁ (2)

Replacing in (1) we have:

n₁ = M₂V₂

M₂ = n₁ / V₂ (3)

Now all we have to do is replace values and solve for concentration:

M₂ = 0.0048 / (0.02630) = 0.1825 M

This is concentration (molarity) of the H2SO4

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Answer:

Explanation:

I did the lab

The mass of water that should be produced from 54.8 L of hydrogen gas in the presence of excess oxygen at STP should be 36 grams.

The equation when hydrogen and oxygen gas combine to form water is written as:

[tex]2H_2 + O_2 -- > 2 H_2O[/tex]

From the equation of the reaction, the ratio of hydrogen gas that reacts to the water that is formed is 1:1.

At STP, 1 mole of a gas is equivalent to 22.4 L of the gas. Thus, 54.8 L of hydrogen will be equivalent to:

22.4 L = 1 mol

54.8 L = 54.8 x 1/22.4

            = 2 mol

With moles of hydrogen gas, 2 moles of water will also be formed.

Recall that: mass = mole x molar mass

The molar mass of water is 18 g/mol.

Thus, the mass of 2 moles of water can be calculated as:

Mass = 2 x 18

         = 36 grams

Thus, 36 grams of water will be formed when 65.8 L of hydrogen gas reacts with excess oxygen.

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The decreasing order for the boiling point will be: CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 > CH3CH2CCH2CH3CH3 > CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3CH3 > CH3CH2CH2CH3

Boiling point can be described as the temperature that is responsible for the conversion of liquid state to vapor state. The boiling point is dependent on the molar mass and branching. As all are alkanes, the force is the same.

As Heptane is the straight hydrocarbon has highest boiling point.

3,3-dimethylpentane has 7 carbon chained branched hydrocarbon, therefore, boiling point increased.

Hexane is straight hydrocarbon but has a low molecular weight, so the boiling point increased further.

As butane has 4 carbon straight chains, therefore it has the lowest boiling point.

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Note: the question given on portal is incomplete. Here is the complete question.

Question: The boiling points for a set of compounds in a homologous series can be qualitatively predicted using intermolecular force strengths. Using their condensed structural formulas, rank the homologous series for a set of alkanes by their boiling point. Rank from highest to lowest boiling point. To rank items as equivalent, overlap them.

a)CH3CH2CH2CH3

b) CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3CH3

c) CH3CH2CCH2CH3CH3

d)CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3

If the results of an experiment do not confirm the hypothesis, some information is still learnt about the hypothesis that is useful.

If your hypothesis is not confirmed by the experiment's findings, you should re-examine the data to see why your findings contradicted your hypothesis.

The first step you should take after a hypothesis is rejected is to carefully review the data. Afterward, give a possible explanation for why the hypothesis was erroneous using your study and data. Once a cause is identified, your hypothesis may have been incorrect.

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question:-

What is learned if the data from an experiment do not support the hypothesis?

A. Incorrect information; the data were not analyzed correctly.

B. Some information; the data still valuable information about the hypothesis.

C. No information; the data are bad or incomplete.

D. No information; the experiment is not useful.

The final temperature of the water is equal to 67 °C.

The amount of heat required to heat the given amount of sample to a certain temperature can be calculated as:

Amount of absorption of heat = m ×S ×T

The final temperature of the mixture when two samples of different amounts and at different temperatures are mixed together is calculated as:

[tex]{\displaystyle T_f =\frac{m_1T_1+m_2T_2}{m_1+m_2}[/tex]

Given, the sample of water, m₁ = 26.7 g at temperature, T₁ = 26°C

The sample of water, m₂ = 41.7 g at temperature, T₁ = 93.7°C

The final temperature of the mixture will be:

[tex]{\displaystyle T_f =\frac{26.1 \times 26 + 41.7 \times 93.7}{26.7 + 41.7}[/tex]

T = 67°C

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Considering the combined gas law, the final temperature of the ideal gas is -62.93°C.

Boyle's law states that the pressure of a gas in a closed container is inversely proportional to the volume of the container, when the temperature is constant.

The mathematical expression of this law is:

P×V= k

where:

Charles' law states that the volume of a gas in a closed container is directly proportional to the temperature, when the pressure is constant.

The mathematical expression of this law is:

V÷T=k

where:

Gay-Lussac's law states that the pressure of a gas in a closed container is directly proportional to the temperature, when the pressure is constant.

The mathematical expression of this law is:

P÷T=k

where:

Combined law equation is the combination of three gas laws called Boyle's, Charlie's and Gay-Lusac's law:

(P×V)÷T=k

where:

Analyzing an initial state 1 and a final state 2, it is fulfilled:

(P₁×V₁)÷T₁= (P₂×V₂)÷T₂

In this case, you know:

Replacing in the combined gas law:

(4.62 atm× 35 L)÷ 260 K= (8.71 atm× 15 L)÷T₂

Solving:

[(4.62 atm× 35 L)÷ 260 K]×T₂= 8.71 atm× 15 L

T₂= (8.71 atm× 15 L)÷ [(4.62 atm× 35 L)÷ 260 K]

T₂= 210.07 K= -62.93 °C

Finally, the temperature is -62.93°C.

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One mole or 55.8 g of iron is required to produce one mole or 63.5 g of copper. Thus, mass of iron required to produce 258 Kg of copper is 215 Kg.

Copper is a transition metal which is a good thermal and electrical conductor. Copper sulphate reacts with metallic iron forming ferrous sulphate and copper metal as the reaction written here:

[tex]\rm CuSO_{4} + Fe \rightarrow FeSO_{4} + Cu[/tex]

Atomic mass of Fe = 55.8 g/mol

Atomic mass of Cu = 63.5 g/mol

As per the reaction 55.8 g or 0.05 Kg of Fe produces 0.06 Kg of Cu. Thus, mass of Fe needed to produce 258 Kg of Cu is:

= (258 Kg × 0.05 Kg) / 0.06 Kg

= 215 Kg.

Thus, 215 Kg of Fe is required to produce 258 Kg of copper.

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For use with fires involving common combustibles, flammable liquids, and powered electrical equipment, an extinguisher with an ABC rating is appropriate.

Monoammonium phosphate, a dry chemical, is used in ABC Fire Extinguishers to quickly put out a variety of fires by smothering the flames. All three types of fire can be extinguished using this light yellow powder: Paper, wood, and rubbish are all in Class A. Gases and liquids fall under Class B. Oil, textiles, paper, liquid, and electrical fires can all be extinguished with dry chemical fire extinguishers. This is the best fire extinguisher to keep on hand so that you can put out various fires quickly and safely. There are mostly two kinds: ABE The types A, B, and E are handled.

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Since oxygen is diatomic in its normal form, it takes two molecules of oxygen to create one molecule of carbon dioxide. The appropriate formula is: C (s) + O2 (g) → CO2 (g).

A mole is 6.02214076 x 1023 of any chemical unit, including atoms, molecules, ions, and others. Given the large number of atoms, compounds, or other components that make up any material, the mole is a useful measure to utilize.

Divide this mass of the substance by its molarity to get how many moles you have. The mass in millimeters of one molecule of a material is known as its molar mass. The atomic unit's atomic weight, expressed in atomic mass units, determines the substance's mass (amu). For instance, one moles of argent has a mass of due to its atomic mass of 107.8682 amu.

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300.0 ml of 0.10 m CaCl₂ of the following solutions contains the greatest number of ions, assuming all these salts dissociate completely.

An is an atom or collection of atoms where the number of electrons and the number of protons are different. A positive ion, also known as a cation, is a particle that exists when the flow of atoms exceeds the number of protons. Ions are electrically charged particles that are created either by taking electrons out of neutral atoms to make positive ions or adding protons to neutral atoms to produce negative ions. The quantity of protons remains constant during the formation of an ion.

The number of moles in 300. mL of 0.10 M CaCl₂ is:

0.300 L * 0.10 Mol L = 0.030 mol

Each mole of CaCl₂ contains 3 moles of ions (1 Ca²⁺ and 2 Cl⁻). The moles of ions in 0.030 moles of CaCl₂ are:

0.30molNaCl * 3mol Ions / 1 mol NaCl = 0.90 mols

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The final equation is PCl3(aq) → PCl4-(aq) + Cl-(aq)

(a) All tetrafluoride compounds listed are non-polar. This is due to the symmetrical distribution of electrons all around the central atom, as shown by the Lewis electron point structure.

SiF4:

F

|

F-Si-F

|

F

SF4:

F

|

S-F

|

F

XeF4:

F

|

Xe-F

|

F

(b) The ascending order of melting points for the listed compounds is as follows:

SnF2< SeF2< KrF2. This is because the intermolecular force increases as the size of the atom increases. SnF2 has the smallest atoms. In other words, it has the weakest intermolecular forces and the lowest melting point. Since SeF2 has slightly larger atoms, it has slightly stronger intermolecular forces and a higher melting point. KrF2 has the largest atom, the strongest intermolecular forces and the highest melting point.

(c) The carbon-oxygen bonds of the oxalate ion (C20%) are all the same as the central carbon atom is attached to her two oxygen atoms and both of these bonds are double bonds . The Lewis electron point structure of the oxalate ion is:

O=C=O

(d) When PCl3 is dissolved in a polar solvent, the solution conducts electricity because the PCl3 molecules in the solution dissociate into ions. The dissociation process is represented by the following chemical formula:

PCl3(aq) → PCl4-(aq) + Cl-(aq)

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The formation of the sodium chloride would occur when one electron moves from sodium to chlorine.

We know that a compound is ionic because the compound can be formed by the combination of a metal and a non metal when this occurs, there would be the transfer of an electron from a metal to a non metal. The implication of this is that we would have a pair of ions. On ion would be positively charged and the other ion would be negatively charged.

In the case of the chlorine and the sodium atoms, the compound that is formed here is sodium chloride. The only electron that is found in the outermost shell of sodium atom would be removed and then the chlorine atom would now be seen to have a full shell.

Thus in the formation of the ionic compound, there is a transfer of electrons from sodium to chlorine.

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The reaction supports the conservation of mass principle because the number of atoms of different elements before and after the reaction is balanced.

The law of conservation of mass states that mass can neither be created nor destroyed during the course of reactions. However, the mass can be converted into other forms during the course of reactions.

This law is extended to atoms and matters as well.

Thus, when you consider the equation highlighted:

[tex]2C + O_2 --- > 2CO[/tex]

One can see that there are 2 carbon atoms before and after the reaction. Also, there are 2 oxygen atoms before and after the reaction.

Thus, the equation is a balanced equation and a balanced reaction supports the law of conservation of mass, matter, or atoms.

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According to the concept of percent yield, the actual yield of magnesium nitrate is 334.41 g.

Percent yield is defined as the ratio of actual yield to the theoretical yield multiplied by 100. If the actual and theoretical yield are same then the percent yield is 100%.If actual yield is less than the theoretical yield then the percent yield is less than 100%.

In cases where percent yield is over 100% it indicates that more sample is recovered than the predicted amount.This condition arises when there are other simultaneous reactions taking place leading to the formation of product. It can also arise if there is incomplete removal of impurities from the sample .

In order to obtain actual yield formula is, actual yield=percent yield×theoretical yield/100

In this case, theoretical yield is , as 24 g magnesium produces 148.3 g magnesium nitrate , 120 g magnesium will produce 741.5 g magnesium nitrate.

∴actual yield=45.10×741.50/100=334.41 g

Thus, the actual yield of magnesium nitrate is 334.41 g.

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Option(A) clear and calm  is the most likely forecast for California.

What is forecasting in climate?

Climate predictions anticipate weather averages and other climatic features from a few weeks to a few years in advance. Forecasters are increasingly making such predictions using detailed models of the Earth's climate system.

How would you describe California weather?

The majority of California has a Mediterranean-like climate, with warm, dry summers and moderate, rainy winters. The typical daily high temperature on the coast is approximately 70°F and higher, but can occasionally reach 80°F or more on the warmest summer days; freezing temperatures are uncommon, even in January.

Hence Option(A) is a correct answer.

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A main group element has 81 protons and an estimated nuclear charge of +3. Therefor, the element has 84 electrons and can be on in Group 3A of the Periodic Table.

With the atomic number 81 and the chemical symbol Tl, thallium is one of the elements.

When consumed in large quantities, thorium can have negative effects on your nervous system, heart, lungs, liver, and kidney. After being exposed to high levels of thallium for a short time, symptoms like temporary hair loss, vomiting, and diarrhea are possible.

Thallium is regarded as a cumulative poison that can have a negative impact on one's health and cause degenerative changes in numerous organs. The nervous system experiences the most negative effects.

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Answer:

[tex]2.01x10^{21}atoms\ C[/tex]

Explanation:

First, find the atomic mass of carbon (12.01 [tex]\frac{g}{mol}[/tex]).  Then use this value and Avogadro's number ([tex]6.022x10^{23}[/tex]) to convert grams to atoms:

[tex]0.04g\ C(\frac{1\ mol\ C}{12.01\ g\ C})(\frac{6.022x10^{23} atoms\ C}{1\ mol\ C})=2.01x10^{21}atoms\ C[/tex]

The central idea is to combat malaria, typhus, and other insect-borne human diseases among both military and civilian populations.

The full form of DDT is Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane.

DDT is an insecticide used in agriculture. The United States banned the use of DDT in 1972. Some countries outside the United States still use DDT to control mosquitoes that spread malaria.

It also was effective for insect control in crop and livestock production, institutions, homes, and gardens. DDT's quick success as a pesticide and broad use in the United States and other countries led to the development of resistance by many insect pest species.

DDT is:

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Solid lithium reacts with dinitrogen giving lithium nitride. Where three electrons from lithium is transferred to nitrogen. The balanced chemical equation is given below:

[tex]\rm 6 Li (s) + N_{2} (g) \rightarrow 2 Li_{3}N (s)[/tex]

Lithium nitride is a brownish-red  colored powder compound formed by the ionic bonding between lithium and nitrogen. Lithium is an alkali metal with 3 electrons with one valence electron.

Nitrogen is a non-metal with 5 valence electron and it needs 3 more electrons to achieve octet. Thus, lithium gives its valence electron to nitrogen. One nitrogen needs 3 electrons thus two nitrogen needs total 6 electrons. Thus two nitrogen atoms bonds with 6 Li atoms as written in the balanced reaction.

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400 meters is equal to approximately 1312.34 feet.

what is the mathematical relation between meter and feet?

The mathematical relationship between meters and feet is based on the conversion factor between these units. The conversion factor is defined as the number of feet per meter, which is approximately 3.2808 feet/meter.

This conversion factor can be used to convert meters to feet by multiplying the number of meters by the conversion factor.

It's important to note that the conversion factor is an approximation, as the exact conversion factor between meters and feet depends on the definition of the meter and the foot. The conversion factor provided here is based on the International System of Units (SI) definitions of these units.

According to the problem:

To convert meters to feet, use the conversion factor 1 meter = 3.2808 feet. To find the equivalent value in feet, multiply the number of meters by the conversion factor.

To convert 400 meters to feet, multiply 400 by 3.2808 to get the following result:

400 meters x 3.2808 feet/meter = 1312.34 feet

So, 400 meters is approximately 1312.34 feet.

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Answer:

C = 67%

O = 22%

H = 11%

Explanation:

Given C = 12, O = 16, H = 1

C8 = 8(12) = 96

O2 = 2(16) = 32

H16 = 16(1) = 16

Total molar mass = 96 + 32 + 16 = 144

% of C = 96/144 = 0.67 = 67%

% of O = 32/144 = 0.22 = 22%

% of H = 16/144 = 0.11 = 11%

Answer: 5.2

Explanation:

[tex]\text{pH}=-\log([\text{H}^{+}])\\\\=-\log(6.2 \times 10^{-6})\\\\=5.2[/tex]

The volume of KOH in the given reaction is 0.0052 L or 5.2 mL

Concentration is one of the most familiar and important parameters for those working with chemicals and reactions. It measures how much substance is dissolved in a given amount of solution. Chemists use a variety of units to express concentration. However, the term molarity, also known as molarity, is the most common way of expressing concentration. When reactants (compounds) are expressed in moles, chemical reactions can be expressed in whole numbers. This makes it easy to manipulate amounts.

Molarity describes the concentration of a solution. It is defined as the number of moles of substance or solute dissolved per liter of solution (not per liter of solvent!).

M₁V₁ = M₂V₂

Where, M₁ = Concentration of H₂SO₄ (0.11 M)

V₁ = Volume of of H₂SO₄ (0.0114 L)

M₂ = Concentration of KOH (0.24 M)

V₂ = Volume of KOH

Now, substitute the values:

0.11 × 0.0114 = 0.24 × V₂

V₂ = 0.0052 L or 5.2 mL

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A 3828 mL flask is occupied by 4.89 g of a gas with a molar mass of 36.02 g/mol at 0.97 atm and 81.1 °C.

The mass of a sample of a chemical compound divided by the quantity, or number of moles in the sample, measured in moles, is known as the molar mass of that compound. The molar mass of a substance is a bulk attribute rather than a molecular one.

Step 1. Convert 81.7 °C to Kelvin.

We will use the following expression.

K = °C + 273.15

= 81.1 + 273.15

= 354.9 K

Step 2. Calculate the moles of the gas.

We will use the ideal gas equation.

P × V = n × R × T

n = P × V / R × T

n = 0.97 atm × 3.828 L / (0.08206 atm.L/mol.K) × 354.9 K

= 0.136 mol

Step 3. Calculate the mass of the gas.

The molar mass of the gas is 36.02 g/mol.

0.136 mol × 36.02 g/mol

= 4.89 g

Thus, A 3828 mL flask is occupied by 4.89 g of a gas with a molar mass of 36.02 g/mol at 0.97 atm and 81.1 °C.

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The required mass of the gas is 4.61 g.

The equation of state for a hypothetical ideal gas is known as the ideal gas law. Despite its many flaws, it is a good approximation of the behavior of several gases under various circumstances.

Given that the volume of the gas: V = 3828 mL = 3.828 L.

Pressure: P = 0.97 atm.

Temperature: T = 81.1 °C = (273+81.1) K = 354.1 K.

Then from ideal gas equation: PV = nRT

Where: R = universal gas constant = 0.082 atm L/mol.K

Required amount of gas: n = PV/RT

= (3.828*0.97)/(0.082*354.1) mol

= 0.13 mol.

Hence,  for a gas with a molar mass 36.02 g/mol, the mass of gas

= 0.13 mo l* 36.02 g/mol

= 4.61 g.

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According to the given statement Hb is removed because it is anti-periplanar to the leaving group.

Stereochemistry is the scientific study of a substance's three-dimensional structure. The location of the material's electrons in three dimensions is the only structural distinction between the stereoisomers cross & trans analogues, which are kinds. There may be differences in the chemical and physical properties of these stereoisomers.

The word "stereochemistry," which relates to physics in three dimensions, comes from the Greek word "stereos," which means solid. Stereochemistry cannot be regarded as a field of chemistry because almost all organic molecules are three-dimensional (with the possible exception of some olefins and aromatics, which will be covered later).

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Sudden increase in carbon pollution poses a threat to anybody utilizing a CO2 shooter in a constrained space. Because oxygen is replaced by Dioxide, an asphyxiant, more rapidly in a tiny space than in a larger one.

In order to stop a fire from spreading, smoke detectors use a substance to reduce the heat of the flames, smother the fuel, or cut off the oxygen supply. If used by a competent person, a portable fire suppression system may swiftly put out a minor fire.

Types of various classes of fire extinguishers. The six primary types of fire extinguishers are wet chemical, water, foam, Carbon dioxide, powder, and water mist.

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If the reactants of a reaction are HCI and NaOH, Na₂CO3 be a product.HCl and NaOH are the reactants.

The chemical reaction between being an acid and a base is quite frequent. Water and a binary or ternary salt are the only byproducts of this reaction, which is also known as a neutralization or double replacement reaction.

For this issue, HCl serves as the acid and NaOH serves as the base.

NaOH + HCl →NaCl + H2O.

Neutralization Reactions

A very significant family of chemical reactions known as neutralisation reactions occurs when the effect or action of an acid is neutralised by the a base and vice versa. As a result of their reaction, an acid and a base produce heat as well as salt and water. Water is actually created through neutralisation reactions between the acid proton from of the acid as well as the base's hydroxyl group (H+ and OH- combine to make H2O). The quantities of the person to be taken depend on the amounts of the base and acid.

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