the diameter of a sodium atom, na, is larger than the diameter of a sodium ion, na , because the sodium ion has

B) Rubidium is a highly reactive element.

Rubidium is a highly reactive element due to its low ionization energy, which makes it easily lose electrons and form compounds. It is considered to be one of the most reactive alkali metals.

When it comes into contact with water or air making rubidium is highly flammable. It can ignite spontaneously in the air and reacts violently with water to produce rubidium hydroxide and hydrogen gas.

Being noticeably more reactive than potassium but less so than cesium, it is likely to react with substances that are dangerous with sodium or potassium more forcefully. When rubidium is exposed to air or dry oxygen, it ignites, mostly generating oxide.

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To solve this we must be knowing each and every concept related to atom and its discoveries. Therefore, electron was discovered by J.J Thomson.

Atom is the smallest particle of any element, molecule or compound. Atom can not be further divided. Atoms contains nucleus in its center and electron that revolve around the atom in fixed orbit.

In the nucleus, proton and neutron are present. Electron has -1 charge while proton has +1 charge. Neutron is neutral that is it has no charge. So overall the charge of nucleus is due to only proton, not by neutron. Electron was discovered by J.J Thomson.

Therefore, electron was discovered by J.J Thomson.

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In the E2 mechanism, the rate of the reaction is affected by the strength of the bond between the leaving group and the carbon atom, as well as the stability of the resulting carbocation intermediate.

The order of the leaving groups in terms of increasing reaction rate would be:

Slowest: R-F

R-F is a relatively weak bond and the fluoride ion is a very poor leaving group, so the reaction rate would be slow.

R-Br

R-Cl

R-I

Fastest: R-I

R-I is a relatively strong bond and the iodide ion is a very good leaving group, so the reaction rate would be fastest.

R-Cl

R-Br

In short, the stability of the leaving group decreases as the atomic number of the atom increases, and the bond dissociation energy of the leaving group also decreases. So, it is Iodide>Chloride>Bromide>Fluoride.

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Physical characteristics known as size dependant properties alter as an object's size does. Examples of qualities that depend on size include length, width, height, volume, and mass.

The amount or size of the material affects several physical properties of matter, including length, mass, volume, weight, and so forth. These characteristics of matter and their values change together with the size or quantity of the substance.

In physics, mass is a way to measure inertia, a fundamental property of all matter. In actuality, it is the resistance a body of matter provides to a change in its speed or location.

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Line a basin with foil, add a teaspoon of bicarbonate of soda and a sprinkle of salt, and then pour in hot water. The tarnished silver object may then be immersed in water, ensuring sure it comes into touch with the aluminum foil, as well as the silver sulphide tarnish will quickly dissipate.

Tarnish is caused by a chemical interaction between silver and sulfur-containing compounds in the air. Silver sulphide is formed when silver combines with sulphur. Silver sulphide is a dark substance. A thin layer of silver sulphide grows on the surface of silver, darkening it.

Experimental design is a technique that enables scientists and engineers to efficiently assess the effect of multiple inputs, or factors, on measures of performance, or responses. A bone density research, for example, contains three experimental groups: a control group, the stretching exercise group, as well as a jumping exercise group. In a between-subjects experiment, investigators allocate each participant to one of three groups at random. While silver is the most commonly linked with tarnishing, it may occur on almost every metal, including aluminum, copper, and brass.

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If the feedback loop of the knee reflex was cut off at any points along its path, then there will be no response of knee reflex.

Its results in harm to any part of your reflex arc, which can be due to a basic knee-medicinal condition. Healthcare suppliers can disclose hyporeflexia by spouting your knee with a rubber hammer.

If your doctor taps on a band and there isn't a reflexive movement in the muscle, it's a sign of knee-health matter. Usually, absent reflexes are created by an issue with the nerves in the tendon and muscle. You may have other muscle symptoms along with areflexia, like weakness, or atrophy.

So we can conclude that A decline reflex reply can be related to peripheral knee-nervous system disorders.

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The name of an isotope that has 14 protons and 14 neutrons is Silicon-28

The total number of protons and neutrons in an isotope's nucleus is referred to as the mass number. This is due to the fact that each proton and neutron has a mass of one atomic mass unit.

We may get the mass of the atom by multiplying the total number of protons and neutrons by 1 amu.

The atomic number Z is 14 if there are 14 protons. Z being the quantity of large positively charged nuclear particles by definition.

Silicon is what we have if Z is the atom's identity and Z=14. The isotope of the element is 28S because the element may contain more or fewer neutrons than Z, where neutrons are heavy, neutrally charged nuclear particles.

Silicon-28 is the isotope with 14 protons and 14 neutrons.

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The best way to prepare 3-methoxypentane via the Williamson method is : D). CH3 I + (CH3CH2)2CHONa.

The most used technique for making ethers is the Williamson ether synthesis. A metal alkoxide displaces a halide ion from an alkyl halide in an SN2 reaction, which is how it happens. An alcohol and a potent base, such as sodium hydride, react to form the alkoxide ion.

Williamson synthesis is employed in the creation of both simple and mixed ethers. Alcoholic sodium or potassium alkoxide is heated with alkyl halide to create the appropriate ethers. ROR+NaX ROR+ONa+X. Methyl iodide produces dimethyl ether when heated in the presence of alcoholic sodium methoxide.

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The kind of molecular motion that mostly relates to temperature of a substance is : A) translational motion.

Motion in which all the points of a moving body moves uniformly in the same direction. If object is undergoing translatory motion, we can see that there is no change in the orientation of object. Translatory motion is also called translational motion.

In kinetic theory of gasses, increasing the temperature of a gas increases the average kinetic energy of the molecules, causing an increased motion. This increased motion increases outward pressure of the gas, which an expected result from the ideal gas equation (PV=NkT).

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Answer:46 moles of carbon dioxide and 12 moles of ethane.

Explanation:

46 moles of carbon dioxide and 12 moles of ethane.

A non-flammable, colorless gas, carbon dioxide is. While being far less common in the atmosphere than nitrogen and oxygen, carbon dioxide plays a crucial influence in determining the composition of the air on our planet.

Carbon dioxide, a colourless gas having a faint sharp odour and a sour taste. It is one of the most important greenhouse gases linked to global warming, but it is a minor component of Earth’s atmosphere .

It is formed in combustion of carbon-containing materials, in fermentation, and in respiration of animals and employed by plants in the photosynthesis of carbohydrates.

Therefore, 46 moles of carbon dioxide and 12 moles of ethane.

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Explanation:

use to describe something that is complete opposite

The life cycle of a star the size of our sun starts with a nebula, a huge cloud of dust and gas. The gravity of the nebula compresses the cloud until the atoms fuse together, creating a star. This stage is known as pre-birth.

Next, the star enters a main sequence phase, where it shines brightly for millions of years, powered by nuclear fusion.

Eventually the star will slowly run out of hydrogen and the fusion process will become less and less efficient. The star will expand and become what is known as a red giant. This marks the end of the main sequence phase.

After this point, the star expels its outer layers, leaving behind a small, hot core called a white dwarf. It will continue to cool down until it becomes a black dwarf.

If the star is at least 5 times bigger than our sun, it will enter a different life cycle. After the red giant phase, the star will undergo a supernova explosion, which will spew dust and gas into the surrounding areas. These remainders will later form new stars, planets, and other cosmic bodies. What's left of the star will become a neutron star or a black hole.

The precipitate is collected, filtered, dried, and weighed.. The mass of the precipitate is 0.116 g.

Dissolved refers to a solute that is completely dissolved in a solvent, resulting in a homogeneous mixture. When a solute, such as a salt, is dissolved in a solvent, such as water, the molecules of each component are dispersed evenly throughout the mixture. This process can be reversed by evaporating the solvent, leaving the solute behind. The amount of solute that can be dissolved in a particular solvent is known as its solubility.

Mass of Al2(SO4)3= Mass of sample- Mass of precipitate
Mass of Al2(SO4)3= 1.68-0.116=1.564 g
Percent of Al2(SO4)3= (1.564/1.68)*100= 93.45 %

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Answer:

a process where the products released in one reaction are the stimuli and reactants for another reaction

Explanation:

A chemical reaction is described as a process in which the products promote or spread the reaction, which may accelerate dramatically under certain conditions.

Answer: chain reaction

Explanation: a chain reaction is a series of chemical reactions where the products of the reaction contribute to the reactants of another reaction. as a series of events that are each caused by the previous event. If a trash can falls over and this scares a cat who then jumps and knocks over a glass of water, thats a chain reaction. The trash can fall is the initial event, and the end result is the glass getting knocked over.

Answer:

0,5 moles

Explanation:

N = L × n

n = N ÷ L

n = 2,87 × 10²³ ÷ 6,02 × 10²³

n = 2,87 ÷ 6,02

n = 0,47 moles or 0,5 moles

The pressure difference required to stop solvent from flowing through a semipermeable membrane is known as the osmotic pressure of a solution.

The molar concentration of the solute particles in solution directly relates to the osmotic pressure of a solution. Because a solution has a higher concentration of a solute than pure water does, water from pure water wants to diffuse or go by osmosis to the solution. Therefore, the osmotic pressure of a solution is always greater than that of pure water or solvent because it is necessary to prevent water from entering the solution. A semipermeable membrane can no longer pass water through it due to osmotic pressure. The osmotic pressure formula can be used to determine this pressure, which in turn inhibits osmosis from taking place.

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The number of moles of ammonium chloride present in a solution created by dissolving 12 grams of ammonium chloride in water to make 255 ml solution is 0.224 mol.

The number of moles of a substance is defined as the ratio of the mass of the substance to the molar mass of the substance. It is denoted by "n". It is given as

n=mass/molar mass

Given,

mass of ammonium chloride= 12 grams

we know that,

atomic mass of Nitrogen(N) = 14g /mol

atomic mass of Hydrogen (H) = 1 g/mol

atomic mass of Chlorine (Cl)= 35.5 g/mol

molar mass of ammonium chloride (NH₄Cl)

= ( 14+ 1×4 + 35.5) g/mol

=53.5 g/mol

therefore,

number of moles of ammonium chloride

= mass/molar mass

=12g/53.5gmol⁻¹

=0.224 mol

Thus, 0.224 moles of ammonium chloride are present in the resulting solution.

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The conservation of natural resources be most effective in reducing carbon dioxide in the atmosphere,  is the planting more trees.

The planting the more new tress is the one of the most effective ways to reduce the atmospheric carbon dioxide. this will also limits the global warming. the plants remove the carbon dioxide from the atmosphere through the photosynthesis. plants helps to stop the climate change as they will remove the carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. and  store the carbon in tress and the soil.

Thus , the way to reduce the carbon dioxide from the atmosphere is the planting more and more trees.

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The orcas will compensate the lack of the oxygen that being respired for the minute at time and with the high amount of the hemoglobin in the blood.

The orcas will be able to slow down their heart beat when they are diving . this will decrease the amount of the oxygen demand but this not good for them it will be very stressful on their body.

The hemoglobin will increase the efficiency of their respiration.  The orcas are the sea mammals . the orcas will be dive for the long period of the time in to the water. They will easily breathe through blowhole.

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As stated in the preceding statement [Zn²⁺] = 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶3d¹⁰, [Fe3+] = 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶3d⁵, [Fe²⁺] = 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶3d⁶, [Cd²⁺] = 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶3d¹⁰4s²4p⁶4d¹⁰

Denotes to a basic material that isn't divided into smaller components or transformed into another chemical in chemistry. An atom, which is made up of protons, neutrons, and particles, is really the fundamental unit of an element. An element's atoms all equal the number of protons.

Dietary supplements include Zn²⁺ ions:

[Zn²⁺] = 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶3d¹⁰

Mineral water contains Fe³⁺ cations:

[Fe3+] = 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶3d⁵

Food supplements may include Fe²⁺ cations:

[Fe²⁺] = 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶3d⁶

Paints had Cd²⁺ ions in them:

[Cd²⁺] = 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶3d¹⁰4s²4p⁶4d¹⁰

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The complete question is-

Read the labels of several commercial products and identify monatomic ions of at least four transition elements contained in the products.  Write the complete electron configuration of these cations.  Make sure to clearly identify which monatomic ions is found in which commercial product.

The reactivity of an element depends upon the number of valence electrons, i.e., the electrons present in the outermost shell.

The number of electrons withinside the outermost shell of an atom determines its reactivity. Noble gases have low reactivity due to the fact they've complete electron shells. Halogens are extraordinarily reactive due to the fact they with ease advantage an electron to fill their outermost shell. Non-reactive metal atoms have whole outer shells and therefore do now no longer generally tend to lose, advantage, or percentage electrons. So, all factors having a crammed outermost shell are non-reactive. They also are referred to as noble gases. An element's reactivity is decided via way of means of the number of protons determined in an atom of the element.

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The final enthalpy of the overall chemical equation is -475.9KJ. and 2nd step must occur to calculate the final enthalpy.

Enthalpy depends only on the system's composition, temperature, and pressure; it is unaffected by the system's history. It is a quality or state function that resembles energy and has energy-like properties (and is thus measured in units of joules or ergs).

1st equation

C(s) + O₂ → CO₂ ΔH₁ = - 393.5KJ

2nd equation

CO + O₂ → 2CO₂ ΔH₂ = -566.0KJ

3rd equation

2H₂O → 2H₂ + O₂ ΔH₃ = 483.6KJ

Overall chemical equation is

C(s) + H₂ + O→ CO(g) + H₂(g)

The overall chemical equation's final enthalpy is

ΔH = ΔH₁ + ΔH₂ + ΔH₃

ΔH =  - 393.5 -566.0 + 483.6

ΔH = -959.5 + 475.9

ΔH = -475.9KJ.

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The quantity of matter in a body,object,or substance is B. Mass.

A body's mass is an inherent quality. Prior to the discovery of the atom and particle physics, it was widely believed to be related to the amount of matter in a physical body.

It is the most fundamental characteristic of matter and one of the fundamental quantities in physics. Mass is a term used to describe how much matter is present in a body. The kilogram is the SI unit of mass (kg). A body's mass does not alter at any point in time.

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The empirical formula for the given compound is C6H6.

The molecular formula represents the precise digits of the atoms found in the given molecule of the compound, whereas the empirical formula represents the proportional of the atoms found in the provided compound.

The empirical formula defines the individual atoms that make up a species in the simplest whole number ratio possible. The

The empirical formula is always multiplied by the molecular formula.

Given the foregoing, the empirical formula for the molecular formula is n.

Because of this, the molecular formula is: 78.0 g m o l 1 = n ( 12.011 + 1.00794 ) g m o l 1

n \s= \s78 \s12.011 \s+ \s1.00794 =6 \s .

And the chemical formula is C 6 H 6.

Molecular formula, although not always.≡

empirical formula, which includes the multiple n=1 \s .

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a) The change in concentration of each reactant and product as a function of reaction rate is − Δ[H₂]/Δt = -Δ[I₂]/Δt = +1/2Δ[HI]/Δt.

b) The rate as to how fast is [HI] decreasing is 4 mol/[tex]L^{-s}[/tex].

A chemical reaction is the process by which a single or more reactants change into a single or more new products. Chemical building blocks or compounds make up substances.

Given balance chemical reaction,

H₂(g) + I₂(g) → 2HI(g)

a) The rate of reaction in terms of the change in concentration of each reactants & products is

Rate = − Δ[H₂]/Δt = -Δ[I₂]/Δt = +1/2Δ[HI]/Δt

b)  where 2, 1, 1 and stoichiometric coefficients of HI, H₂ and I₂ respectively.

where - sign indicates consumption and + ve sign indicates formation

given d[I₂]/dt =2

-d[HI]/2dt= 2

-d[HI]/dt = 4 mol/[tex]L^{-s}[/tex].

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The process of dissolution of KBr in water occurs because the final solution has a lower energy state than the two components separately.

What do you mean by endothermic?

Endothermic reactions are chemical reactions that absorb energy from their surroundings in order to proceed. This energy is usually in the form of heat and is absorbed from the surroundings in order to drive the reaction forward.

Even though the dissolution process is endothermic, it occurs because the enthalpy of solution is less than the sum of the enthalpies of the two components separately. The enthalpy of solution is the energy required to break the strong ionic bonds between the KBr molecules, allowing them to dissolve into the solution. The energy released from the formation of new hydrogen bonds between the KBr molecules and the water molecules is greater than the energy needed to break the ionic bonds, resulting in a net release of energy. This release of energy causes the overall process to be exothermic, even though the dissolution of KBr into water is endothermic.

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The ratio of effusion rates of Sulphur dioxide and methane is 0.5

To calculate the rate of diffusion of gas, we use Graham's Law.

This law states that the rate of effusion or diffusion of gas is inversely proportional to the square root of the molar mass of the gas. The equation given by this law follows the equation:

Rate of Diffusion ∝ 1 ÷ √molar mass of the gas

We are given:

Molar mass of Sulphur dioxide = 64.066 g/mol

Molar mass of methane = 16.04 g/mol

By taking their ratio, we get:

Rate of SO₂ ÷ Rate of CH₄ = √MCH₄ ÷ √MSO₂

Rate of SO₂ ÷ Rate of CH₄ = √16.04 ÷ √64.066

Rate of SO₂ ÷ Rate of CH₄ = 0.5

Hence, the ratio of rate of effusion of Sulphur dioxide and methane will be 0.5

Answer:

according to the Oxford dictionary, metallurgy the branch of science and technology concerned with the properties of metals and their production and purification

Explanation:

Explanation:

The entire scientific and technological process used for isolation of the metal from its ores is known as metallurgy.

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In the given bend on the topographic map, 1. is Downstream and 2. is Upstream.

The stream can be described as the moving water in a river is called a stream. Upstream can be described as if the water is flowing in the opposite direction to the stream, it is known as upstream.

Downstream can be described as flowing along the direction of the stream, it is known as downstream.

Still water can be described as under this circumstance the water is stationary and the speed of the water is equal to zero.

All rivers flow downhill from higher elevations to lower elevations and perpendicular to the contour line. As a rule of thumb, the V-shaped contour is representing upstream.

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Answer:

180 N + 180 N = 360N

Explanation:

since they are all force of different side, you will add them.