The Calvin cycle can be described as the nonlight-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.
The photosynthesis process that involves three crucial steps and is light-independent is known as the Calvin cycle. Since the required energy carriers (ATP and NADPH) are byproducts of light-dependent reactions, the Calvin cycle is indirectly dependent on the light even though it is not directly dependent on it. Light is not necessary for the dark reaction of photosynthesis. Both light and dark reactions happen during the day.
It doesn't necessarily mean that a dark reaction takes place at night because it only needs the byproducts of a light reaction, such as ATP and NADPH. The general objective of light-dependent reactions is the conversion of light energy into chemical energy. In order to power the assembly of sugar molecules, the Calvin cycle will use this chemical energy.
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you wish to clone the nematode unc-79 gene, which you show is tightly linked to the mpk-1 gene, a gene that has already been cloned. briefly explain how you would go about cloning the unc-79 gene. what is the name given to the strategy that you will use?
The name of the strategy to clone nematode unc-79 is positional cloning or chromosome walk.
Cloning is the process of producing individual organisms with identical or virtually identical DNA, either by natural or artificial means. In nature, some organisms produce clones through asexual reproduction. In the field of biotechnology, cloning is the process of creating cloned organisms or copies of cells and of DNA fragments
Asexual reproduction is the mode of reproduction where only one parent is involved. Most of the cloning procedure is done in asexual reproduction as it is a means of producing off springs.
Cloning is commonly used to amplify DNA fragments containing whole genes, but it can also be used to amplify any DNA sequence such as promoters, non-coding sequences and randomly fragmented DNA. It is used in a wide array of biological experiments and practical applications ranging from genetic fingerprinting to large scale protein production.
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all of the following vitamins play a critical role in dna synthesis except: vitamin b6. thiamin. folate. vitamin b12.
The correct answer is option A.
The vitamin which does not play a critical role in DNA synthesis is vitamin B6.
What is vitamin B6?
Vitamin B6, also known as pyridoxine is liquid soluble vitamin. Deficiency of vitamin B6 can cause weakness in immune system.
It belongs to the class of B vitamins and is found naturally in several foods such as banana, avocado and nuts.
This vitamin is essential for the brain development and growth and is also vital for maintaining the health of immune and nervous system. Important sources of this vitamin are chickpeas, fish, potatoes and poultry.
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Pt 2 PLS HELP MEEEE Lol
answer: condensing water vapor, 71%, water cycle, encounter mountains, and relative humidity and dew point
Answer:
condensing water vapor, 71% ,water cycle, encounters mountains, dew point
Explanation:
domestic cats have 38 chromosomes in their diploid cells. if a diploid cat cell enters meiosis, how many chromosomes and double-helical molecules of dna will be present in each daughter cell at the end of meiosis ii? domestic cats have 38 chromosomes in their diploid cells. if a diploid cat cell enters meiosis, how many chromosomes and double-helical molecules of will be present in each daughter cell at the end of meiosis ii? 19 chromosomes and 19 double-helical dna molecules 38 chromosomes and 38 double-helical dna molecules 19 chromosomes and 38 double-helical dna molecules 38 chromosomes and 76 double-helical dna molecules
At the end of meiosis ii are 19 chromosomes and 38 double-helical DNA molecules. Option C.
Each daughter cell has 38 chromosomes just like the parent cell. Exceptions occur during the gamete formation of sperm and egg. Instead of mitosis, germ cells use meiosis. Meiosis halves the number of chromosomes in daughter cells to 19. If a cell has 24 chromosomes of hers and undergoes mitosis to create two cells of hers, each daughter cell also has 24 of her chromosomes.
Mitosis is the process of cell division in which a parent cell divides into two daughter cells, each daughter cell being genetically identical to the parent cell. Meiosis is the process of creating haploid cells from diploid cells. The difference between haploid and diploid cells is that haploid cells contain one complete set of chromosomes, while diploid cells contain two complete sets of chromosomes Meiosis involves the division of the diploid parent cell.
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When a muscle receives an impulse from the nervous system, it reacts and becomes short and thick. This production of force is called _______.
When a muscle receives an impulse from the nervous system, it reacts and becomes short and thick. This production of force is called muscle contraction.
What is nervous system?Nervous system is defined as the extremely sophisticated area of an animal that communicates messages to and from various regions of its body to coordinate its movements and sensory data. The nerves cylindrical bundles of fibers that emerge from the brain and spinal cord and repeatedly branch to innervate every part of the body are what give the nervous system its name.
Muscle contractions are brought on by an Action Potential that moves from the nerves to the muscles. The neurological system sends a signal, which triggers the onset of muscle contraction. A type of nerve cell called a motor neuron conducts the signal, an impulse known as an action potential.
Thus, when a muscle receives an impulse from the nervous system, it reacts and becomes short and thick. This production of force is called muscle contraction.
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What might account for the relatively light color of mice living in study area E? How could you study this further?
Answer:
Variation: Within a population of mice on the lava flow, some individuals had the dark fur trait, whereas others did not. Inheritance: The differences in mouse fur colour are inherited (passed from parents to offspring). The origin of the variation stems from mutations.
Explanation:
Please give the brainliest.
If you forgot to include primers in your pcr reaction do you think that your target dna would be amplified?.
NO if forgot to include primers in pcr (polymerase chain reaction) reaction it wont work
Polymerase chain reaction is based on harnessing the ability of a DNA polymerase to synthesize a new DNA strand complementary to a provided template strand. DNA polymerases can only add nucleotides to an already existing 3'-OH group, so a primer that can add the first nucleotide is required. The main components of a PCR reaction are Taq polymerase, primers, template DNA, and nucleotides (DNA building blocks). The components are assembled in a tube along with the necessary cofactors for the enzyme and undergo repeated heating and cooling cycles that allow DNA synthesis.
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When you consume more energy than burned, the excess energy is stored for later use. A small amount is stored as glycogen, but most is stored as triglycerides in what tissue?.
When you consume more energy than burned, the excess energy is stored for later use. A small amount is stored as glycogen, but most is stored as triglycerides in adipose tissue.
After meals, extra calories are stored as glycogen and triglycerides. While fat is primarily stored as triglycerides in adipose tissue, carbohydrates can be stored as glycogen primarily in skeletal muscles or the liver. When insulin levels are high, more glucose is transported to the liver to be converted into triglycerides, and fat cells retain their stored fat so it won't be used as fuel.
Glycogen is created from carbs and then stored in muscles, where it provides energy when needed. Additionally, glycogen is kept in the liver as a reserve that is released into the bloodstream when blood glucose levels drop too low. Triglycerides are how dietary fats are retained in muscles.
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Why are urchin barrens positively correlated with the presence of killer whales?.
Urchin barrens positively correlated with the presence of whales because it is easier to find sea otters near the urchin barrens.
Urchin barrens are places in the ocean where sea urchins have eaten so many kelp plants that they grew to become a kelp forest into something like a barren region. This happens when there are too many sea urchins. The fish, krill, and other animals that stay in the kelp both die or go away.
In positive regions, wherein an as soon wholesome kelp wooded area existed, now lies an underwater desert referred to as an urchin barren. these urchin barrens incorporate low biodiversity, due to the fact the kelp forests that once furnished critical habitat at the moment are nonexistent.
In spite of their name, urchin barrens are usually plentiful with marine invertebrates existence, echinoderms especially. Species inclusive of the sunflower starfishes, brittle stars, and the red sea urchin are not unusual. although macrofauna along with those is aplenty, there is little number one productiveness among microorganisms.
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HELPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP
Answers:
5. Describe how light microscopes are used to magnify objects:
When light reflects off of an object being viewed under the microscope and passes through the lens, it bends towards the eye. This makes the object look bigger than it actually is.
What are limitations of using a light microscope?Limitation: Low Resolution. Because optical microscopes use normal white light, the limit of their resolution is 200 nanometres. This means that objects smaller than this cannot be properly viewed by an optical microscope.
6.What is the advantage of using electron microscopes?
Advantages would be of course magnification and higher resolution
as electrons rather than light waves are used, it can be used to analyze structures which cannot otherwise be seen. The resolution of electron microscopy images is in the range of up to 0.2 nm, which is 1000x more detailed than light microscopy.
7.Contrast TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPES (TEM)with SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPES(SEM):The main difference between SEM and TEM is that SEM creates an image by detecting reflected or knocked-off electrons, while TEM uses transmitted electrons (electrons that are passing through the sample) to create an image.
8. Answer:All cells share four common components: plasma membrane, cytoplasm, DNA, and ribosomes.
9. What is the defining characteristic of a prokaryotic cells?The defining characteristic of prokaryotes is that they lack a membrane-enclosed nucleus. The single chromosome, usually circular, is tightly wound and compact. The region of the cytoplasm containing the chromosome is called the nucleoid.
10.What is the defining characteristic of a eukaryotic cell?Eukaryotic cells are defined by the presence of a nucleus surrounded by a complex nuclear membrane.
Hope this helps^^Explanation:
What are three products of cellular respiration?The three products of cellular respiration are1. _________________________________________2. _________________________________________3. _________________________________________
The three products of cellular respiration are:
1. Water
2. Carbon dioxide
3. ATP
What is cellular respiration?
The metabolic process known as cellular respiration uses glucose to create adenosine triphosphate (ATP), an organic chemical the body can use as fuel. A single glucose molecule can generate a net of 30-32 ATP
Usable ATP energy is produced during cellular respiration and is used to sustain several other bodily functions. For energetically unfavorable reactions that would not ordinarily occur without an energy input, ATP is especially crucial.
Glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation are the three basic processes that take place during cellular respiration. The citric acid cycle happens in the mitochondrial matrix, oxidative phosphorylation happens on the inner mitochondrial membrane, and glycolysis happens in the cytoplasm.
Hence, the three products of cellular respiration are carbon dioxide, water and ATP.
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What are the 4 nucleotides DNA?
There are four nucleotides or bases , they are adenine(A),guanine (G), cytosine(C) and thymine (T)
What are nucleotides?
Nucleotides are organic molecules made up of a phosphate and a nucleoside. They function as monomeric units of the essential biomolecules found in all life forms on Earth, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), and ribonucleic acid (RNA), which are both nucleic acid polymers. In addition to being produced by the liver from common nutrients, nucleotides can also be obtained through diet.
A nucleobase, a five-carbon sugar (ribose as well as deoxyribose), as well as a phosphate group made up of one to three phosphates are the three subunit molecules that make up a nucleotide. Guanine, adenine, cytosine, and thymine are the four nucleobases found in DNA; uracil is utilized in place of thymine in RNA.
A sugar molecule (either ribose in RNA or deoxyribose in DNA) is joined to a phosphate group and a base that contains nitrogen to form a nucleotide.
Thymine is replaced in RNA by the nucleotide uracil (U). Polymers consisting of extensive chains of nucleotides make up DNA and RNA molecules.
so, the four nucleotides in DNA re adenine, guanine, cytosine an thymine.
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Match each stage of translation with the key events that occur during that stage
a. Initiation
b. Elongation
c. Termination
1. Peptide bonds are formed between amino acids to synthesize a polypeptide
2. mRNA, tRNA, and ribosomal subunits are assembled
3. A release factor bind to the A site of the ribosome
Stage of translation with the key events that occur during that stage.
a. Initiation - 1. Peptide bonds are formed between amino acids to synthesize a polypeptide
b. Elongation - 2. mRNA, tRNA, and ribosomal subunits are assembled
c. Termination - 3. A release factor bind to the A site of the ribosome
The translation is the method wherein ribosomes in the cytoplasm or endoplasmic reticulum synthesize proteins after the manner of transcription of DNA to RNA within the mobile's nucleus. The whole method is referred to as gene expression.
The process by means of which DNA is copied to RNA is referred to as transcription, and that through which RNA is used to produce proteins is referred to as translation. The translation is the system by means by which a protein is synthesized from the information contained in a molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA).
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Question 2 of 25 Which statement best describes an example of science influencing society? A. Environmental research results in the banning of DDT in many places. B. Governments identify a public health risk caused by mosquitos. OC. People are concerned about illnesses carried by mosquitos. D. Scientists find that high amounts of DDT are harmful to wildlife. SUBMIT
The statement that best describes an example of science influencing society is Governments identify a public health risk caused by mosquitos.
The viewpoint and knowledge of science have an effect on society. The information provided by science and the techniques employed by scientists has an impact on the viewpoints of many members of society about themselves, others, and the environment.
Science must address societal requirements as well as global issues. It is vital that the general public comprehends science and engages with it in order to enable people to make informed decisions about their personal and professional lives.
The biggest joint endeavor is science. It makes us live longer and healthier lives, monitors our health, provides us with medication to treat illnesses, lessens our discomfort, and enables us to access the water we require to thrive.
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How is volvox different from paramecium and euglena?
A) Volvox is composed of multiple cells, while paramecium and euglena are both composed of single cells.
B)Volvox uses a different way of moving from both paramecium and euglena.
C)Volvox takes in food from the environment, while paramecium and euglena make their own food.
D)Volvox does not have a nucleus, while both paramecium and euglena do have a nucleus.
Volvox is composed of multiple cells, while paramecium and euglena are both composed of single cells.
The primary distinction between volvox, paramecium, and euglena is that volvox is a green alga that lives in freshwater colonies, whereas paramecium is a ciliate protozoan that resembles the shape of a shoe, and euglena is a single-celled flagellate eukaryote with both plant and animal characteristics.
A volvox is a colony of cells, whereas a euglena is a single cell. A volvox moves with flagella, whereas a euglena moves with cilia. A volvox must capture its food, whereas a euglena can make its own. A euglena reproduces only sexually, whereas a volvox reproduces only asexually. Euglena obtains food through photosynthesis, whereas Volvox obtains food through pseudopods that surround it.
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Do all organisms do gas exchange the same way as humans do? Describe the gas exchange system of plants, amphibians, and fish compared to those of humans
Which of the following is a geological feature which is created by deposition?
The landform is a geological feature that is created by deposition.
The deposition is the act of depositing sediment that has been carried by the wind, water, sea, or ice. Pebbles, sand, mud, and salts that have been dissolved in water can all be used to convey sediment.
The deposition is the process of adding substance to a surface, typically in the form of sediment, rock, or soil particles. When the particles leave their suspension and land on the surface, they are frequently deposited from a fluid.
Deposition may take place as a result of wind or water currents, as well as when they are transported with other moving solids. Usually, erosion in one location leads to deposition in another; materials are worn, eroded, or knocked loose before settling elsewhere.
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which of the following are derived characteristics of mammals? group of answer choices milk, endothermy, limbs with digits hair, endothermy, milk limbs with digits, milk, vertebrae endothermy, hair, limbs with digits
Hair, endothermy, and milk are derived characteristics of mammals. Thus the correct answer is option (B).
The following traits apply to mammals:
1. They have fur or hair coverings.
2. They have warm blood, which means that no matter the weather outside, their internal body temperature remains consistent.
3. They usually develop inside the uterus and are born alive.
4. The newborns are fed milk made by mammary glands after delivery.
5. Compared to other animal groups, they have brains that are bigger and more sophisticated.
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water plays a critical role in human health. five possible body functions of water are listed below. decide which are functions of water and which are not. body functions function of water not a function of water acts to maintain blood volume signals the release of digestive enzymes from the pancreas provides protection for organs and tissues serves as a coenzyme in metabolic reactions carries waste products in the body
Function of Water: - Acts to maintain blood volume - Provides protection for organs and tissues - Serves as a coenzyme in metabolic reactions - Carries waste products in the body Not a Function of Water: - Signals the release of digestive enzymes from the pancreas.
What are coenzymes?Coenzymes are non-protein molecules that work with enzymes to help create metabolic reactions. Coenzymes are usually vitamins or minerals and serve as carriers for chemical groups as they move through a reaction. Without coenzymes, enzymes would not be able to catalyze metabolic reactions at the rate necessary for life.
What are digestive enzymes?Digestive enzymes are proteins that speed up or catalyze the chemical reactions that break down food into small molecules that can be absorbed and used by the body for energy and nutrition. These enzymes are produced in the mouth, stomach, pancreas, and small intestine. Examples of digestive enzymes include amylase, lipase, pepsin, and trypsin.
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How about a gas regulated at the cell,organ,and body system level?Give an example of cellular level and body system level .
A gas regulated at the cell, organ, and body system level is what the respiratory system is there to do.
Air for this gas exchange process is provided to the alveoli via pulmonary ventilation. Gases pass through the membranes at the respiratory membrane, where the alveolar and capillary walls converge, with oxygen entering the bloodstream and carbon dioxide leaving.
Red blood cells pick up oxygen molecules and move back to the heart. The body can replenish oxygen and expel carbon dioxide through gas exchange.
The red blood cell, which is found circulating in the bloodstream, is an illustration of an independent cell. It serves to transport oxygen throughout the body and serves as an illustration of cellular-level organization.
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suppose you are a young adult with a passion for helping the planet, but you are undecided about your future career path. based on the data in the chart, which of the following green careers is projected to have the most job opportunities up to 2026?
Green careers are projected to have the most job opportunities until 2026, namely environmental technicians.
Earth's existing climate has undergone many changes and in recent decades scientists have concluded that the planet Earth is experiencing global warming.
So it is necessary to reduce the level of carbon in the atmosphere by trying to find environmentally friendly energy producers. With so many technical workers in the environmental field, it is hoped that it can help improve the quality of recycling, waste disposal, public health, and water and air pollution control.
In addition, there are also workers who make solar panels. The most pronounced benefit of panels and solar energy is being able to save on expenses. In addition, solar energy can contribute to reducing global warming.
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After transformation of e. Coli with pglo, why are the cells grown in lb broth for 20 minutes before plating on amp plates?.
The Green Fluorescent Protein takes around 20 minutes to be transcribed and translated , on the other hand Arabinose promoter needs at least 20 minutes before RNA polymerase can bind to the promoter .
In general they have phenotypic lag of 20 minutes before the b-lactamase gene for Amp resistance can be expressed . we observe no growth of bacteria because it was not exposed to pGLO plasmid and lacked ampicillin resistance. If They were exposed to AMP and arabinose sugar, this cause bacteria to grow with ampicillin resistance.
The main purpose of spreading pGLO on the LB plate is to help bacteria to grow, otherwise the ampicillin would kill them. In case ,pGLO is not spread, then the cells would be killed by the ampicillin.
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in a system, such as the one with sheep predation in australia, if the number of top predators were increased, what is the most likely impact on other trophic levels in the ecosystem? the number of mesopredators, like red foxes (vulpes velox), would , and the number of herbivores such as sheep would
In a system, such as the one with sheep predation in Australia, if the number of top predators were increased, then this would cause a decrease in intermediate consumers and benefit primary producers. Mesopredators like red foxes would be negatively affected.
Herbivores such as sheep which are primary consumers have a negative effect on the trophic level immediately below them, but a positive effect on two trophic levels away by alleviating consumer pressure.
Predation often greatly reduces the prey population density and alters the community composition and species diversity.
In general, too many predators and not enough prey leads to predators starving and dying because they can't find enough food and in this case the number of herbivores such as sheep would go down because of increased predators.
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spontaneous mutation rates are greatly reduced by
Answer: DNA repair mechanisms
Explanation:
Which of the following DOES NOT OCCUR
in Prophase (which includes
prometaphase)?
the nuclear membrane starts to break
down and desintegrates
chromosomes line up at the equator of the
cell
the chromatin condenses into
chromosomes
the centrioles form spindle fibers
spindle fibers attach to the kinetochore of
the chromosomes
Answer:
Chromosomes line up at thr equator of the cell.
Explanation:
Chromosomes line up at thr equator of the cell occurs in metaphase. So, it aint occur in prophase
The _________ regulates homeostasis, the autonomic nervous system, the endocrine system, and the sleep/wake cycle.
The hypothalamus regulates homeostasis, the autonomic nervous system, the endocrine system, and the sleep/wake cycle.
What is meant by hypothalamus?The brain region known as the hypothalamus is responsible for producing the hormones that regulate body temperature and heart rhythm. Hunger. Mood.
On the underside of the brain is where you'll find the hypothalamus. It is linked by a stalk to the pituitary gland, which it sits above and immediately below the thalamus. This page lists 13 synonyms, antonyms, idioms, and related terms for the word "hypothalamus," including "midbrain," "cerebellum," "medulla," "central nervous system," "Globus pallidus," "hypothalamic," "orexin," and "neurotransmitter."
Functions of the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus plays a role in many daily functions, including digestion and hydration, regulation of body temperature and energy levels, learning and memory, and stress management.
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which one of the following is not an advantage for having a child earlier rather than later in life?
Having a child sooner rather than later in life is not advantageous since parents are more aware of what they want from the family roles.
What makes families so important?These bonds are essential because they provide us with support in both good and bad times. The importance of family can't be overstated because they can offer continual affection, stability, and support. They also work tirelessly to bring out the best in you, even when you can't see it for yourself.
What is unique about a family?A healthy, happy family is one that values respect. Even if we might not always agree with the decisions that our family members make daily or in life, family nevertheless values and respects those differences. Our uniqueness comes from our variances.
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In a species of beetles, males that have large horns are better able to fight off other males for access to females. This is an example of _______ selection.
In a species of beetles, men which have beetle horns are higher able to fight off other adult males to get the right of entry to girls. that is an example of intrasexual selection.
The intrasexual choice is commonly accountable for the evolution of male armaments including deer antlers, beetle horns, and large body length, that provide people with an advantage while combating off-ability competitors.
The intrasexual male competition takes place whilst males compete with one another for access to ladies or assets preferred via females. This opposition can arise immediately, including through contests, or indirectly thru numerous methods along with sperm opposition, mate guarding, patience contention, and sneaky copulations.
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Imagine other traits that could have been received from parents: maybe one parent has brown hair and the other has blond hair, but the child has brown hair. Explain to the best of your abilities why a certain hair color or other traits may come from parents, but other traits may not be exhibited.
In humans, all and sundry has copies of every kind of chromosome. That manner they have got copies of every gene, however someone will deliver simplest the sort of genes to their child.
Someone may want to have a gene for brown hair and a gene for blond hair. He might deliver one of these trends to his child.
The blond allele is recessive, and receives included up. If brunette dad and mom have a blond child, they needed to have commands for making blond hair hidden of their DNA. You can think about recessive alleles as t-shirts, and dominant ones as jackets. If you put on one of every, simplest the jacket might be visible
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if an organism found itself in a suddenly colder environment, and if the body temperature dropped, what changes at the molecular level could be instituted to maintain membrane fluidity?
More glycerophospholipids containing cis double bonds should be substituted.
A molecular example is what?Inorganic substances known as molecular compounds are made up of separate molecules. Examples include common compounds like carbon dioxide and water (H2O) (CO2). These substances differ significantly from ionic substances like table salt (NaCl).
What in chemistry is a molecular unit?A molecules is the smallest element of the a substance that keeps its content and properties. It is made up of two or even more atoms that are joined together by chemical bonds. Chemistry is built on molecules. The chemical symbol and just a subscript indicating the number many atoms are used to identify molecules.
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