Tariff effects: An overview
Consider two hypothetical countries, Alagir and Ertil. Both countries produce iGadgets, and the price of iGadgets is lower in Alagir than in Ertil. If Alagir and Ertil open to trade, producers in would be more likely to lobby their government for an import tariff on iGadgets in order to protect themselves from foreign competition.
Which of the following statements about the effects of the tariff compared to free trade are correct?
A. In Alagir, workers in iGadget importing companies lose their jobs.
B. In Ertil, some workers at retail and shipping companies that import iGadgets lose their jobs.
C. In Ertil, consumers pay more for the domestic iGadgets.
D. In Ertil, workers in iGadget importing companies see more jobs available to them.
E. In Ertil, producers of iGadgets are willing to expand output.

Answer:

1. If Alagir and Ertil open to trade, producers in Ertil would be more likely to lobby their government for an import tariff on iGadgets in order to protect themselves from foreign competition.

Producers in Ertil would be at a disadvantage because people in Ertil would simply buy the lower priced iGadgets from Alagir so the producers in Ertil would lobby their Government for tariffs to protect them.

2.

If an import tariff is imposed, people will find the goods from Alagir more expensive and so will import less. The companies who did the shipping and retail of the goods from Alagir would have to let go of some people to save costs or because they would close down.

With tariffs to protect them, the domestic producers in Ertil can charge higher prices.

With the tariff protecting them, the producers will be willing to expand output so that they can sell more iGadgets at the new higher price.

Pitt Enterprises manufactures jeans. All materials are introduced at the beginning of the manufacturing process in the Cutting Department. Conversion costs are incurred uniformly throughout the manufacturing process. As the cutting of material is completed, the pieces are immediately transferred to the Sewing Department. Information for the Cutting Department for the month of May follows.

Work in Process, May 1 (54,000 units, 100% complete for direct materials, 35% complete with respect to conversion costs; includes $78,500 of direct material cost; $42,050 of conversion costs).

Units started in May 233,000
Units completed in May 208,000

Work in Process, May 31 (79,000 units, 100% complete for direct materials; 15% complete for conversion costs).

Costs incurred in May

Direct materials $391,440
Conversion costs $401,900

Required:
If Pitt Enterprises uses the FIFO method of process costing, compute the cost per equivalent unit for direct materials and conversion costs respectively for May.

Crawford Corporation incurred the following transactions:1. Purchased raw materials on account $47,000.2. Raw Materials of $44,200 were requisitioned to the factory. An analysis of the materials requisition slips indicated that $7,300 was classified as indirect materials.3. Factory labor costs incurred were $60,100, of which $51,000 pertained to factory wages payable and $9,100 pertained to employer payroll taxes payable.4. Time tickets indicated that $54,400 was direct labor and $5,700 was indirect labor.5. Manufacturing overhead costs incurred on account were $83,600.6. Depreciation on the company's office building was $8,600.7. Manufacturing overhead was applied at the rate of 160% of direct labor cost.8. Goods costing $94,800 were completed and transferred to finished goods9. Finished goods costing $81,800 to manufacture were sold on account for $110,300.Required:Journalize the above transactions.

The following ledger accounts are used by the Heartland Race Track
Accounts Receivable
Prepaid Advertising
Prepaid Rent
Unearned Sales Revenue
Sales Revenue
Advertising Expense
Rent Expense
For each of the following transactions below, prepare the journal entry (if one is required) to record the initial transaction and then prepare the adjusting entry, if any, required on November 30, the end of the fiscal year.
A) On November 1, paid rent on the track facility for three months, $180,000.
B) On November 1, sold season tickets for admission to the racetrack. The racing season is year-round with 25 racing days each month. Season ticket sales totaled $1,152,000.
C) On November 1, borrowed $300,000 from First National Bank by issuing a 6% note payable due in three months.
D) On November 5, programs for 20 racing days in November, 25 racing days in December and 15 racing days in January were printed for $3,600.
E) The accountant for the concessions company reported that gross receipts for November were $168,000. 10% is due to Heartland and will be remitted by December 10.
Prepare the journal entry (if one ls required) to record the Initial transaction.
Prepaid Rent 150,000
Cash 150,000
Cash 960,000
Unearned Sales
Revenue 960,000
Cash 250,000
Notes Payable 250,000
Prepaid
Advertising 3,000
Cash 3,000

Consider the following scenario:
Cold Goose Metal Works Inc.’s income statement reports data for its first year of operation. The firm’s CEO would like sales to increase by 25% next year.

1. Cold Goose is able to achieve this level of increased sales, but its interest costs increase from 10% to 15% of earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT).
2. The company’s operating costs (excluding depreciation and amortization) remain at 70.00% of net sales, and its depreciation and amortization expenses remain constant from year to year.
3. The company’s tax rate remains constant at 40% of its pre-tax income or earnings before taxes (EBT).
4. In Year 2, Cold Goose expects to pay $300,000 and $2,306,475 of preferred and common stock dividends, respectively.
Complete the Year 2 income statement data for Cold Goose, then answer the questions that follow. Round each dollar value to the nearest whole dollar.
Cold Goose Metal Works Inc.
Income Statement for Year Ending December 31
Year 1 $30,000,000 21,000,000 1,200,000 $7,800,000$
Year 2 (Forecasted)
Net sales Less: Operating costs, except depreciation and amortization Less: Depreciation and amortization expenses Operating income (or EBIT) Less: Interest expense Pre-tax income (or EBT) Less: Taxes (40%) Earnings after taxes Less: Preferred stock dividends Earnings available to common shareholders Less: Common stock dividends Contribution to retained earnings 1,200,000 780,000 $7,020,000 2,808,000 $4,212,000s 300,000 $3,912,000 1,895,400 $1,605,525 $2,519,025
Given the results of the previous income statement calculations, complete the following statements:
In Year 2, if Cold Goose has 25,000 shares of preferred stock issued and outstanding, then each preferred share should expect to receive____________ ▼ in annual dividends
If Cold Goose has 200,000 shares of common stock issued and outstanding, then the firm's earnings per share (EPS) is expected to change from __________ in Year 1 to in ________ Year 2
Cold Goose's before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA) value changed from _______ in Year 1 to in ______ Year 2
It is __________▼ to say that Cold Goose's net inflows and outflows of cash at the end of Years 1 and 2 are equal to the company's annual contribution to retained earnings, $1,605,525 and $2,519,025, respectively. This is because ▼ of the items reported in the income statement involve payments and receipts of cash

Connors Corporation acquired manufacturing equipment for use in its assembly line. Below are four independent situations relating to the acquisition of the equipment. (FV of $1, PV of $1, FVA of $1, PVA of $1, FVAD of $1 and PVAD of $1) (Use appropriate factor(s) from the tables provided.)
A. The equipment was purchased on account for $25,000. Credit terms were 2/10, n/30. Payment was made within the discount period and the company records the purchases of equipment net of discounts.
B. Connors gave the seller a noninterest-bearing note. The note required payment of $27,000 one year from date of purchase. The fair value of the equipment is not determinable. An interest rate of 10% properly reflects the time value of money in this situation.
C. Connors traded in old equipment that had a book value of $6,000 (original cost of $14,000 and accumulated depreciation of $8,000) and paid cash of $22,000. The old equipment had a fair value of $2,500 on the date of the exchange. The exchange has commercial substance.
D. Connors issued 1,000 shares of its nopar common stock in exchange for the equipment. The market value of the common stock was not determinable. The equipment could have been purchased for $24,000 in cash.
Required:
For each of the above situations, prepare the journal entry required to record the acquisition of the equipment.

Which best describes why investing can be such a challenge?
All investments involve major risks.
There is never a sure way to predict the likelihood of success.
There are no guaranteed investments.
The market is totally unpredictable.

Atlantic Video, a small video rental store in Philadelphia, is open 24 hours a day, and-due to its proximity to a major business school-experiences customers arriving around the clock. A recent analysis done by the store manager indicates that there are 30 customers arriving every hour, with a standard deviation of interarrival times of 2 minutes. This arrival pattern is consistent and is independent of the time of day. The checkout is currently operated by one employee, who needs on average 1.7 minutes to check out a customer. The standard deviation of this check-out time is 3 minutes, primarily as a result of customers taking home different numbers of videos.

Required:
a. If you assume that every customer rents at least one video (i.e., has to go to the checkout), what is the average time a customer has to wait in line before getting served by the checkout employee (i.e., waiting time in queue)?
b. If there are no customers requiring checkout, the employee is sorting returned videos, of which there are always plenty waiting to be sorted. How many videos can the employee sort over an 8-hour shift (assume no breaks) if it takes exactly 1.5 minutes to sort a single video?
c. What is the average number of customers who are at the checkout desk, either waiting or currently being served?

Brett, the manager at Warson’s Diner, plans to promote Keisha, one of the waitresses, to the position of an assistant manager. However, the owner, being racially biased, prevents him from doing so. Later, when Brett wants to promote one of the delivery boys to waiter, the owner again vetoes his recommendation on the grounds that his customers would feel uncomfortable having a black man deliver their food. Brett, extremely frustrated, offers Keisha and the delivery boy their promotions as he finds them deserving. Subsequently, Brett gets fired. Which of the following holds true in this scenario?

a. Brett has a cause of action against Warson’s Diner for retaliatory discharge under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
b. Brett has a cause of action against Warson’s Diner based on the bona fide occupational qualification defense.
c. Brett is liable for racial discrimination because as a manager he failed to change the company’s policy regarding promotion of African-Americans.
d. Brett is liable because he failed to follow the instructions provided by his employer.

The following summary transactions occurred during 2021 for Bluebonnet Bakers:
Cash Received from:
Collections from customers $490,000
Interest on notes receivable 11,500
Collection of notes receivable 54,000
Sale of investments 34,000
Issuance of notes payable 175,000
Cash Paid for:
Purchase of inventory 235,000
Interest on notes payable 7,500
Purchase of equipment 90,000
Salaries to employees 95,000
Payment of notes payable 40,000
Dividends to shareholders 35,000
The balance of cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of 2021 was $26,000.
Required:
Prepare a statement of cash flows for 2021 for Bluebonnet Bakers. Use the direct method for reporting operating activities

Colter Company prepares monthly cash budgets. Relevant data from operating budgets for 2020 are as follows.

January February
Sales $428,400 $476,000
Direct materials purchases 142,800 148,750
Direct labor 107,100 119,000
Manufacturing overhead 83,300 89,250
Selling and administrative expenses 94,010 101,150

All sales are on account. Collections are expected to be 50% in the month of sale, 30% in the first month following the sale, and 20% in the second month following the sale. Sixty percent (60%) of direct materials purchases are paid in cash in the month of purchase, and the balance due is paid in the month following the purchase. All other items above are paid in the month incurred except for selling and administrative expenses that include $1,190 of depreciation per month.

Other data:
1. Credit sales: November 2019, $297,500; December 2019, $380,800.
2. Purchases of direct materials: December 2019, $119,000.
3. Other receipts: January—Collection of December 31, 2019, notes receivable $17,850; February—Proceeds from sale of securities $7,140.
4. Other disbursements: February—Payment of $7,140 cash dividend.

The company’s cash balance on January 1, 2020, is expected to be $71,400. The company wants to maintain a minimum cash balance of $59,500.

Required:
Prepare schedules for (1) expected collections from customers and (2) expected payments for direct materials purchases for January and February.

In 1993, Tamarisk Company completed the construction of a building at a cost of $2,320,000 and first occupied it in January 1994. It was estimated that the building will have a useful life of 40 years and a salvage value of $68,800 at the end of that time. Early in 2004, an addition to the building was constructed at a cost of $580,000. At that time, it was estimated that the remaining life of the building would be, as originally estimated, an additional 30 years, and that the addition would have a life of 30 years and a salvage value of $23,200. In 2022, it is determined that the probable life of the building and addition will extend to the end of 2053, or 20 years beyond the original estimate.

Required:
a. Using the straight-line method, compute the annual depreciation that would have been charged from 1994 through 2003.
b. Compute the annual depreciation that would have been charged from 2004 through 2022.
c. Prepare the entry, if necessary, to adjust the account balances because of the revision of the estimated.
d. Compute the annual depreciation to be charged, beginning with 2022.

Joni Metlock Inc. has the following amounts reported in its general ledger at the end of the current year.
Organization costs $22,300
Trademarks 12,700
Discount on bonds payable 35,300
Deposits with advertising
agency for ads to promote
goodwill of company 10,300
Excess of cost over fair
value of net identifiable
assets of acquired subsidiary 75,300
Cost of equipment acquired for
research and development projects;
the equipment has an alternative future use 85,300
Costs of developing a secret formula for a
product that is expected to be marketed for
at least 20 years 79,600
On the basis of this information, compute the total amount to be reported by Metlock for intangible assets on its balance sheet at year-end.

Seiko’s current salary is $85,000. Her marginal tax rate is 32 percent and she fancies European sports cars. She purchases a new auto each year. Seiko is currently a manager for an Idaho Office Supply. Her friend, knowing of her interest in sports cars, tells her about a manager position at the local BMW and Porsche dealer. The new position pays only $75,000 per year, but it allows employees to purchase one new car per year at a discount of $15,000. This discount qualifies as a nontaxable fringe benefit. In an effort to keep Seiko as an employee, Idaho Office Supply offers her a $10,000 raise. Answer the following questions about this analysis.
Problem 12-41
Part a a. Assuming it has a 21 percent marginal tax rate, what is the annual after-tax cost to Idaho Office Supply to provide Seiko with the $10,000 increase in salary?

Based on the preceding information, which of the following is an consolidating entry needed to prepare a full set of consolidated financial statements at December 31, 20X8:

A. Common Stock 200,000
Retained Earnings 150,000
Income from Tester Co. 40,000
Dividends declared 10,000
Investment in Tester Co. 285,000
NCI in NA of Tester Co. 95,000

B. Depreciation Expense 5,000
Income from Tester Co. 4,000
NCI in NI of Tester Co. 1,000

C. Common Stock 200,000
Retained Earnings 150,000
Income from Tester Co. 30,000
NCI in NI of Tester Co. 10,000
Dividends declared 10,000
Investment in Tester Co. 285,000
NCI in NA of Tester Co. 95,000

D. Patents 50,000
Accumulated Depreciation 10,000
Investment in Tester Co. 30,000
NCI in NA of Tester Co. 10,000

Mr. and Mrs. Revel had $206,200 AGI before considering capital gains and losses. Required: For each of the following cases, compute their AGI:

a. On May 8, they recognized an $8,900 short-term capital gain. On June 25, they recognized a $15,000 long-term capital loss.
b. On February 11, they recognized a $2,100 long-term capital gain. On November 3, they recognized a $1,720 long-term capital loss.
c. On April 2, they recognized a $5,000 long-term capital loss. On September 30, they recognized a $4,800 short-term capital loss.
d. On January 12, they recognized a $5,600 short-term capital loss. On July 5, they recognized a $1,500 long-term capital gain.

The following income statement items appeared on the adjusted trial balance of Foxworthy Corporation for the year ended December 31, 2021 ($ in 000s): sales revenue, $22,600; cost of goods sold, $14,650; selling expense, $2,330; general and administrative expense, $1,230; dividend revenue from investments, $230; interest expense, $330. Income taxes have not yet been accrued. The company’s income tax rate is 25% on all items of income or loss. These revenue and expense items appear in the company’s income statement every year. The company’s controller, however, has asked for your help in determining the appropriate treatment of the following nonrecurring transactions that also occurred during 2021 ($ in 000s). All transactions are material in amount.

1. Investments were sold during the year at a loss of $300. Foxworthy also had unrealized losses of $200 for the year on investments.
2. One of the company’s factories was closed during the year. Restructuring costs incurred were $2,000.
3. During the year, Foxworthy completed the sale of one of its operating divisions that qualifies as a component of the entity according to GAAP regarding discontinued operations. The division had incurred operating income of $800 in 2016 prior to the sale, and its assets were sold at a
loss of $1,800.
4. Foreign currency translation gains for the year totaled $600.

Required:
Prepare Foxworthy's single, continuous statement of comprehensive income for 2021, including basic earnings per share disclosures. Two million shares of common stock were outstanding throughout the year.

( Help please suck on this question !! )
Which of the following challenges will banks continue to tackle over the next few years?
A. Customer engagement
B. Increasing competitive advantage
C. Increasing service offerings
D. Lowering interest rates

Minion, Inc., has no debt outstanding and a total market value of $211,875. Earnings before interest and taxes, EBIT, are projected to be $14,300 if economic conditions are normal. If there is strong expansion in the economy, then EBIT will be 20 percent higher. If there is a recession, then EBIT will be 35 percent lower. The company is considering a $33,900 debt issue with an interest rate of 6 percent. The proceeds will be used to repurchase shares of stock. There are currently 7,500 shares outstanding. Assume the company has a tax rate of 21 percent
a-1. Calculate earnings per share, EPS, under each of the three economic scenarios before any debt is issued. (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answers to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.)
a- Calculate the percentage changes in EPS when the economy expands or enters a 2. recession. (A negative answer should be indicated by a minus sign. Do not round intermediate calculations and enter your answers as a percent rounded to the nearest whole number, e.g., 32.)
b-1.Calculate earnings per share, EPS, under each of the three economic scenarios after the recapitalization. (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answers to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.)
b- Calculate the percentage changes in EPS when the economy expands or enters a 2. recession assuming recapitalization has occurred.

TeleGlobal is an American firm producing TV sets. TeleGlobal imports TV set components from Taiwan and assemb them domestically. Suppose that in the United States, a TV set sells for $500 and that 80% of the TV set's value comes from the value of the imported components. The United States imposes a 30% tariff on TV sets and a 10% tariff on the TV set's components. Assume that costs of producing components are the same in the United States a Taiwan. Based on the information provided, the effective rate of protection that TeleGlobal receives from the tariff is:__________.
a. -17.5%
b. 70.0%
c. 110.0%
d. 24.4%
e. 47.5%

The difference between a firm's future cash flows if it accepts a project and the firm's future cash flows if it does not accept the project is referred to as the project's: Group of answer choices

Eulis Co. has identified an investment project with the following cash flows. YearCash Flow 1 $1,130 2 1,000 3 1,510 4 1,870 If the discount rate is 9 percent, what is the present value of these cash flows

Constructing and Assessing Income Statements Using Cost-to-Cost Method On March 15, 2014, Frankel Construction contracted to build a shopping center at a contract price of $125 million. The schedule of expected (which equals actual) cash collections and contract costs follow ($ millions):

Year Cash Collections Cost Incurred
2014 $30 $20
2015 50 45
2016 45 35
Total $125 $100

Required:
a. Calculate the amount of revenue, expense, and net income for each of the three years 2014 through 2016 using the cost-to-cost method.
b. What best summarizes our conclusion about the usefulness of the cost-to-cost method for this company?

Determining the true cash balance, starting with the unadjusted book balance
Nickleson Company had an unadjusted cash balance of $7,176 as of May 31. The company’s bank statement, also dated May 31, included a $67 NSF check written by one of Nickleson’s customers. There were $1,239 in outstanding checks and $255 in deposits in transit as of May 31. According to the bank statement, service charges were $35, and the bank collected an $600 note receivable for Nickleson. The bank statement also showed $14 of interest revenue earned by Nickleson.
Required:
Determine the true cash balance as of May 31. (Hint: It is not necessary to use all of the preceding items to determine the true balance.)
True cash balance

On January 1, 2021, Nath-Langstrom Services, Inc., a computer software training firm, leased several computers under a two-year operating lease agreement from ComputerWorld Leasing, which routinely finances equipment for other firms at an annual interest rate of 4%. The contract calls for four rent payments of $17,500 each, payable semiannually on June 30 and December 31 each year. The computers were acquired by Computer World at a cost of $105,000 and were expected to have a useful life of six years with no residual value. Both firms record amortization and depreciation semi-annually.
Required:
1. Prepare appropriate journal entries recorded by Nath-Langstrom Services for the first year of the lease.
2. Prepare appropriate journal entries recorded by ComputerWorld Leasing for the first year of the lease.
• 1 Record the beginning of the lease for Nath-Langstrom Services.
• 2 Record the lease payment and interest expense for Nath-Langstrom Services.
• 3 Record the amortization expense for Nath-Langstrom Services.
• 4 Record the lease payment and interest expense for Nath-Langstrom Services.
• 5 Record the amortization expense for Nath-Langstrom Services.
• 6 Record the lease revenue received by ComputerWorld Leasing.
• 7 Record the Depreciation expense for ComputerWorld Leasing.
• 8 Record the lease revenue received by ComputerWorld Leasing.
• 9 Record the Depreciation expense for ComputerWorld Leasing.

A financial instrument just paid the investor $100 last year. If the cash flow is expected to last forever and increase each year at 3%, and with a discount rate of 8%, what should be the price that you are willing to pay for this instrument

Consider an economy described by the following equations:

Y=C+I+G
C=120+0.8×(Y−T)
I=500−50×r G=150
T=125

where Y is GDP, C is consumption, I is investment, G is government purchases, T is taxes, and r is the interest rate. If the economy were at full employment (that is, at the natural rate of output), GDP would be $2,850.

Identify the equation(s) each of the following statements describes.

a. It is a function of disposable income.
b. It depends on the interest rate.

The marginal propensity to consume in this economy is:____________ .

Suppose the central bank's policy is to adjust the money supply to maintain the interest rate at 3%, so r = 3. When the interest rate is 3%, GDP is __________$ .

GDP at an interest rate of 3% is the full-employment level.
a. True
b. False

Assuming no change in monetary policy, (a decrease, an increase) in government purchases by ____ would restore GDP to the full-employment level. (Note: Assume that such change in fiscal policy has no crowding-out effect.) Assuming no change in fiscal policy, (a decrease. an increase) in the interest rate by ___ would restore GDP to the full-employment level.

Brazil has a population of about 210​ million, with about 150 million over the age of 15. Of​ these, an estimated 25​ percent, or 37.5 million​ people, are functionally illiterate. The typical literate individual reads only about two nonacademic books per​ year, which is less than half the number read by the typical literate U.S. or European resident. Answer the following questions solely from the perspective of new growth​ theory:
Which of the following best explains the implications of​ Brazil's literacy and reading rates for its growth prospects in light of the key tenets of new growth theory.
A. Since economic growth is driven by international trade in technology and​ capital, if Brazil opens its​ borders, its literacy and reading rates will improve as the country experiences economic growth.
B. Since the development of human capital is an important determinant of economic​ growth, Brazil's literacy and reading rates suggests its potential economic growth rate is lower.
C. Since it has been demonstrated that technological advancement and not human capital is the key determinant of economic​ growth, Brazil's literacy and reading rates should not affect its potential economic growth rate.
D. Since technologically advanced physical capital is necessary for economic​ growth, Brazil's literacy and reading rates suggests its economic growth rate will be lower because there are not enough skilled workers to operate sophisticated machinery.

A medical supplies salesperson walks into a hospital administrator's office. The administrator invites the salesperson to sit in a chair directly across the desk from her. Into which space zone is the salesperson being placed

The general ledger of Pipers Plumbing at January 1, 2018, includes the following account balances:
Accounts Debits Credits
Cash $ 4,500
Accounts receivable 9,500
Supplies 3,500
Equipment 36,000
Accumulated depreciation $ 8,000
Accounts payable 6,000
Utilities payable 7,000
Deferred revenue 0
Common stock 23,000
Retained earnings 9,500
Totals $ 53,500 $ 53,500
The following is a summary of the transactions for the year:_______.
1. January 24 Provide plumbing services for cash, $18,000, and on account, $63,000.
2. March 13 Collect on accounts receivable, $51,000.
3. May 6 Issue shares of common stock in exchange for $10,000 cash.
4. June 30 Pay salaries for the current year, $32,600.
5. September 15 Pay utilities of $6,200 from 2020 (prior year).
6. November 24 Receive cash in advance from customers, $9,200.
7. December 30 Pay $2,600 cash dividends to stockholders.
The following information is available for the adjusting entries.
Depreciation for the year on the machinery is $7,200.
Plumbing supplies remaining on hand at the end of the year equal $1,000.
Of the $9,200 paid in advance by customers, $6,600 of the work has been completed by the end of the year.
Accrued utilities at year-end amounted to $6,400.

What is the value on January 1, 2026, of $40,000 deposited on January 1, 2019, which accumulates interest at 12% compounded annually