Suppose that 100,000 men were screened for prostate cancer for the first time. Of these, 4,000 men had a positive result on the screening blood test; of those who tested positive, 800 had a biopsy indicating a diagnosis of prostate cancer. Among the remaining 96,000 men who screened negative, 100 developed prostate cancer within the following year and were assumed to be false negatives to the screen. a) set-up the two-by-two table for this data. (please provide an actual table) b) what is the prevalence of prostate cancer in this population? c) calculate and interpret the sensitivity of this screening test d) calculate and interpret the specificity of this screening test. e) Calculate and interpret the positive predictive value of this screening test.

Answers

Answer 1

An actual two-by-two table is a tabular representation containing two rows and two columns.

The columns consist of the tested True positive for prostate cancer and tested True Negative for prostate cancerThe rows consist of the predicted positive screening and predicted negative values

a)

Mathematically, the set-up of the two-by-two table for this data can be computed as:

Tested                  True Positive for cancer   True Negative    Total

Predicted Positive         800                            3200                 4000

Predicted Negative        100                            95900              96000

Total                                900                            99100              100000  

b)

The prevalence rate of prostate cancer in this population is:

[tex]\mathbf{ =\dfrac{900}{100000}}[/tex]

[tex]\mathbf{ =\dfrac{9}{1000}}[/tex]

= 9 per thousand.

c)

The calculation of the sensitivity of this screening is as follows:

[tex]\mathbf{=\dfrac{TP}{TP+PN_1}}[/tex]

where;

TP = True positive for cancerPN₁ = Predicted Negative for true positive cancer

[tex]\mathbf{=\dfrac{800}{800+100}}[/tex]

= 0.889

= 88.9%

The interpretation shows that 88.9% are correctly identified to be actual positive for prostate cancer.

d)

The calculation of the specificity  of this screening is as follows:

[tex]\mathbf{=\dfrac{PN_2}{PN_2+TN}}[/tex]

where;

TN = True positive for cancerPN₂ = Predicted Negative for true negative cancer

[tex]\mathbf{=\dfrac{95900}{95900+3200}}[/tex]

= 0.9677

= 96.77%

The interpretation shows that 96.7% of an actual negative is correctly identified as such.

e)

The positive predicted value of the screening test is computed as:

[tex]\mathbf{= \dfrac{TP}{TP + TN}}[/tex]

[tex]\mathbf{= \dfrac{800}{800 + 3200}}[/tex]

= 0.2

= 20%

The interpretation of the positive predicted value of this screening shows that 20% that are subjected to the diagnosis of positive prostate cancer truly have the disease.

Learn more about tabular representation here:

https://brainly.com/question/8307968


Related Questions

Over the summer, Paulo opens a dog-washing business and begins with $32. The table shows how much he earns and spends each week. He works for 8 weeks washing dogs. When he starts back at school, he budgets $60 to spend each week. How many weeks pass before he needs to wash more dogs?

Answers

I think 16 weeks sorry if I am not right

William is trying to pay off his credit card bill. He currently owes $184 on his bill without the interest charge from the credit card company. If the company charges 8% interest on his credit card bill, how much will William need to pay the credit card company so that he will have no payments?

Answers

Answer:

$198.72

Step-by-step explanation:

You invested $5,000 in a 10 year CD at the age of 12. The account pays 2.5% interest compounded continuously. How much money will you have after 10 years? (Round to the nearest cent.)

Answers

Answer:

Do PRT: 5009.31

Step-by-step explanation:

Princable: 5000

Rate: 2.5

Time: 10

Answer:

For the expression:
(9x^2 + 4y^2 -12xy) / (4y^2 - 9x^2)

Find the domain

Answers

Answer:

Interval Notation (-∞, ∞)

Set-Builder Notation: {x|x ∈ R} (all real numbers = R)

Step-by-step explanation:

I plugged this into a graphing calculator and was able to find the domains by looking at where the lines stopped (they didn't stop) and wrote the f(x) based off of it

JACKIE BROUGHT 3/4 OF A GALLON OF ICED TEA TO THE PARTY. BILL BROUGHT 7/8 OF A GALLON OF ICED TEA TO THE SAME PARTY. HOW MUCH ICED TEA DID JACKIE AND BILL BRING TO THE PARTY?

Answers

Answer:

your welcome... hope this helps

Step-by-step explanation:

Anna categorized her spending for this month into four categories: Rent, Food, Fun, and Other.

If Anna spent a total of $2900 this month, how much did she spend on Rent?

Answers

Answer:

.26 * 2900= 754 dollars

Step-by-step explanation:

I'm not sure if it's right.

Find the length x. Please help

Answers

Step-by-step explanation:

# easy learning

good luck and god Blees you

Ok done. Thank to me:>

Simplify. (5b2−3b+2)+(2b−4)
A.5b2+5b+6
B.5b2−5b−6
C.5b2−b−2
D.6b4−2

Answers

Answer:

5b2 - b -2

Step-by-step explanation:

The answer is (c)

The answer is: C

5b^2-b-2

How can multistep linear equations be written to represent different
scenarios?

Answers

Answer:

Linear equations use one or more variables where one variable is dependent on the other. Almost any situation where there is an unknown quantity can be represented by a linear equation, like figuring out income over time, calculating mileage rates, or predicting profit

PLEASE HELP ME I'M GIVING OUT LOTS OF POINTS!!

Answers

Answer:

  (d)  a1 = 11

Step-by-step explanation:

Put the numbers in the given formula and solve for a1.

  a5 = 176 = a1(r^(5-1)) = a1·r^4

  a7 = 704 = a1(r^(7-1)) = a1·r^6

Dividing a7 by a5 gives ...

  a7/a5 = (a1·r^6)/(a1·r^4) = r^2 = 704/176 = 4

Then a1 is ...

  a1 = a5/(r^4) = 176/(r²)² = 176/(4²) = 11

The first term is 11.

Hi, mal :> hehehe

( its [tex]a_{1} = -11[/tex])

Your welcome..... ;]

Which statement is true about point Y?

Point Y is the center of the circle that passes through points D, F, and N.
Point Y is the center of the circle that passes through points M, N, and E.
Point Y is the center of the circle that passes through points L, M, and N.
Point Y is the center of the circle that passes through points D, E, and F.

Answers

Answer:

D, E and F

Step-by-step explanation:

Beause y is a point. It is a prime example physics.

n is m% of what?
It DEFINITELY a variable

Answers

Yes it is a variable because it’s a letter in a equation

Determine the y-intercept of the following equation.
(-2 - 1)(2+3) = y

Answers

Answer:

(0,-15)

Step-by-step explanation:

i think.. trust someone else!! I'm not 100% sure...

Write an equation in slope-intercept form of the line that passes through (−1, 4)​ and (0, 2)​

Answers

[tex]\text{Given that,}\\\\(x_1,y_1) = (-1,4), ~~ (x_2,y_2) =(0,2)\\\\\\\text{Slope,}~ m =\dfrac{y_2 -y_1}{x_2 -x_1} = \dfrac{2-4}{0-(-1)} = \dfrac{-2}{0+1} = -2\\\\\text{The equation with given points,}\\\\y-y_1 =m(x-x_1)\\\\\implies y -4 = -2(x+1)\\\\\implies y = -2(x+1)+4\\\\\implies y = -2x -2 +4\\\\\implies y = -2x +2\\\\\text{This is the slope-intercept form(y =mx +b)}[/tex]

Hanna has 16 pencils. She gets 3 new
pencils from Mrs. Lewis. She divides
the pencils equally between her 2
sisters. How many pencils does each
sister get?

Answers

Answer:

9.5

Step-by-step explanation:

If Hanna starts off with 16, and Mrs. Lewis GIVES(add) her 3 more, then she has 19 because 16+3=19. Then we divide by 2 because there are 2 sisters. so 19/2 = 9.5

Hello! I hope this helped you. If this is wrong please let me know. Thank you.

Write down the first five terms of the geometric progression with
the first term 3 and common ratio 2 , then find the 17th .

Answers

Step-by-step explanation:

s1 = 3

s2 = 3×2 = 6

s3 = 6×2 = 12

s4 = 12×2 = 24

s5 = 24×2 = 48

sn = sn-1 × 2 = s1 × 2^(n-1)

s17 = 3 × 2¹⁶ = 3 × 65,536 = 196,608

HELP PLZ PLZ ITS DUE IN 30 MINUTES

Answers

Answer:

wouldn't that be...24x²?

Determine if the sequence is geometric . If it is , find the common ratio , the explicit formula and the recursive formula .


1. -40 , 20 , -100 , 500


2. 4 , 20 , 100 , 500


3. 4 , 24 , 144, 864


5. 3 , -12 , 48 , -192

Answers

Step-by-step explanation:

if it is a geometric sequence, then

sn = sn-1 × r

with r being the common ratio.

1.

s2 = s1 × r

20 = -40 × r

r = 20/-40 = -1/2

but the same r has to apply to all other terms, if it is geometric.

s3 = s2 × r

-100 = 20 × -1/2 = -10

this is wrong, so, it is not geometric.

2.

s2 = s1 × r

20 = 4 × r

r = 20/4 = 5

but the same r has to apply to all other terms, if it is geometric.

s3 = s2 × r

100 = 20 × 5 = 100

s4 = s3 × r

500 = 100 × 5 = 500

this is all correct, so, it is geometric.

sn = sn-1 × 5

sn = s1 × 5^(n-1) = 4 × 5^(n-1)

3.

s2 = s1 × r

24 = 4 × r

r = 24/4 = 6

but the same r has to apply to all other terms, if it is geometric.

s3 = s2 × r

144 = 24 × 6 = 144

s4 = s3 × r

864 = 144 × 6 = 864

this is all correct, so, it is geometric.

sn = sn-1 × 6

sn = s1 × 6^(n-1) = 4 × 6^(n-1)

5.

s2 = s1 × r

-12 = 3 × r

r = -12/3 = -4

but the same r has to apply to all other terms, if it is geometric.

s3 = s2 × r

48 = -12 × -4 = 48

s4 = s3 × r

-192 = 48 × -4 = -192

this is all correct, so, it is geometric.

sn = sn-1 × -4

sn = s1 × (-4)^(n-1) = 3 × (-4)^(n-1)

anyone willing to help??​

Answers

ANSWER: C. 7 + 0 = 7

After a discount of 25%, the sale price of a game system is $149.25. what is the original price?

Answers

Answer:111.94

Step-by-step explanation:

'Percent (%)' means 'out of one hundred':

p% = p 'out of one hundred',

p% is read p 'percent',

p% = p/100 = p ÷ 100.

25% = 25/100 = 25 ÷ 100 = 0.25.

100% = 100/100 = 100 ÷ 100 = 1.

New value =

149.25 - Percentage decrease =

149.25 - (25% × 149.25) =

149.25 - 25% × 149.25 =

(1 - 25%) × 149.25 =

(100% - 25%) × 149.25 =

75% × 149.25 =

75 ÷ 100 × 149.25 =

75 × 149.25 ÷ 100 =

11,193.75 ÷ 100 =

111.9375 ≈

111.94

pretty sure this is a joke question about south park my teacher put on my test but i dont watch south park
the question is

TRUE or FALSE
if you ever come across a physican named dr. doctor RUN!

Answers

Answer: true you should run

TRUEEEE DEFINITELY RUN

A group of students organized a car wash to raise money for a local charity. The students charged $9.99 for each car they watched.In 3.5 hours they washed 14 cars.at that rate how much money could they earn in 8 hours?

Answers

Answer:

First you would divide 12 cars by 3 hours to see how many cars get washed per hour

Then you know that 4 cars get washed in one hour so you multiply it by $5.00 because you want to see how much money they earn in one hour

After you know they earn $20.00 per hour you multiply that by 8 because you want to see how much money they earn in eight hours

So your final answer is $160 for washing cars in 8 hours

In order to meet ADA (Americans with Disabilities Act) requirements, a wheelchair ramp must have an angle of elevation of no more than 4.8. . A builder needs to install a ramp to reach a door that is 2.5 feet off the ground.Is 20 feet long enough for the straight line distance of the ramp to meet the requirements? What angle of elevation will this ramp have?

Answers

Answer:

Yes, 35 feet is enough

The angle of elevation is 4.1º

$22.66 is 2% of what number

Answers

Answer:

1,133

Step-by-step explanation:

2%=0.02

$22.66÷0.02=$1,133

2(4x - 1) < 4(3x+1), where x ∈ {set of all negative Integers}​

Answers

[tex]\large\underline{\sf{Solution-}}[/tex]

Given inequation:

[tex]\sf 2(4x-1)<4(3x+1), x\in \{Set\ of\ negative\ integers\}[/tex]

[tex]\sf\longmapsto 8x-2<12x+4[/tex]

[tex]\sf\longmapsto 8x-2-4<12x+4-4[/tex]

[tex]\sf\longmapsto 8x-6<12x[/tex]

[tex]\sf\longmapsto 8x-6-8x<12x-8x[/tex]

[tex]\sf\longmapsto -6<4x[/tex]

[tex]\sf\longmapsto 4x>-6[/tex]

[tex]\sf\longmapsto \dfrac{4x}{4}>\dfrac{-6}{4}[/tex]

[tex]\sf\longmapsto x >-1\dfrac{1}{2}[/tex]

Therefore:

[tex]\sf\longmapsto\boxed{ x=\{-1\}}\ \ Ans.[/tex]

What is the range of tanx?
1. all real numbers
2. -1 ≤ y ≤ 1
3. y > 0

Answers

all real numbers except the 90 and 270 because of cosx

The following system of linear equations is solved by graphing them on the coordinate plane.

y=3x−2y=−35x−1

Which ordered pair is the best approximation of the solution to the system?


(0,−1)

(−1,0)

(−1,−1)

(1,1)

Math lol

Answers

Answer:

  (0, -1)

Step-by-step explanation:

Maybe you're graphing ...

y = 3x -2y = -3/5x -1

These lines meet in the 4th quadrant. The closest point among the answer choices is on the negative y-axis: (0, -1).

f (x) = x^2 g (x) = (x-9)^2 +3 we can think of g as a translated (shifted) verson of f. complrte the description of the transformation

Answers

Step-by-step explanation:

Given:

f(x) = x² and g(x) = (x - 9)² + 3

If g is the translation of f then it is:

g(x) = f(x - 9) + 3

This is a shift right 9 units and up 3 units

Answer:

Yes

Step-by-step explanation:

f(x)=x²

y=x²

Shift nine units right

y={x-9)²

Shift 3 units up

g(x)=(x-9)²+3

Two mechanics worked on a car. The first mechanic worked for 20 hours, and the second mechanic worked for 5 hours. Together they charged a total of $2750.
What was the rate charged per hour by each mechanic if the sum of the two rates was $205 per hour?

-Whats the First mechanic: $ -----per hour

-Whats the Second mechanic: $ ---- per hour ​

Answers

I answer this question before this is the solution just change the total of $2750:

Two mechanics worked on a car, The first mechanic worked for 20 hours and the second mechanic worked for 5 hours together they charged a total of $1150.

Let's make,
mechanic #1's rate = x
mechanic #2's rate = y

* Their rate is dollars per hour ($/hr)

mechanic #1 worked for 20 hours (hr × $/hr = $)
20x = money earned by mech#1

and mechanic #2 worked for 5 hours
5y = money earned by mech#2

together they charged a total of $1150. So the amount of money earned by both mechanics.

20x + 5y = 1150

the sum of the two rates was $95 per hour.

x + y = 95

which means
x = 95 - y

plug (95 - y) in for "x" in the other equation to get everything in terms of one variable.

20(95 - y) + 5y = 1150

solve for y

1900 - 20y + 5y = 1150
1900 - 15y = 1150
-15y = 1150 - 1900
-15y = -750
y = -750/-15
y = 50 $/hr

Now use this to solve for x

x + y = 95
x + 50 = 95
x = 95 - 50
x = 45 $/hr

mech#1 charged 45$/hr
mech #2 charged 50$/hr

What are all the fractions that are between 1/2 and 1.

Answers

Answer:

2/4, 3/5,3/4, 2/3,13/25, 27/50 11/20, 14/25, 29/50,31/50, 63/100,16/25,33/50,17/25,7/10,18/25,37/50,19/25,77/100,39/50,4/541/50, 83/100, 21/25 , 17/20, 43/50 , 87/100,22/25,9/10, 91/100, 23/25, 93/100, 47/50, 19/20 , 24/25  97/100, 49/50,99/100(note that I did not state all the fractions between 1/2 and 1)

Step-by-step explanation:

Firstly one half(1/2) represents 0.50 as a decimal and 1 would be 1.00

This is like saying finding Fractions that give you percentages between 50% and 100%

for example:

you could simplify 52/100 and get 31/50

31/50 as a decimal would be 0.52  and 0.52 falls between(0.50 and 1.00) 1/2 and 1

example 2: 89/100= 0.9 (same as0.90) and [90/100] is same as 9/10 = 0.9

0.90 or 0.9 (zero point nine) is not the same as 0.09(zero point zero nine

If you are using a casio calculator, you can simplify the fraction by putting in your numerator then pressing |a b/c| button then enter the denominator, then the calculator should simplify the fraction, if the fraction remains the same, this means that it cant be further simplified.if your calculator has

| a b/c| then you can also use it.

or use an online calculator or simplify if you wish

To find the decimal of that fraction you can simply divide the numerator by the denominator, Example; 82/100 is same as 0.82 and 41/50 is same as 0.82.

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