SSA PRACTICE QUESTION
Mandy wanted to see if a new
environmentally-friendly pesticide will
prevent insect damage to tomato plants.
After making a hypothesis, she conducts
her experiment. She treats five tomato
plants with traditional pesticide and five
with the new pesticide. Mandy also
leaves five plants untreated as a control.
She makes careful notes of how she set
up her experiment and then records her
data about all of the plants. Why is it
important for Mandy to record her
procedures and data accurately?

The equilibrium constant for three reaction are

What is equilibrium constant?

The relationship between the reactants and products when a chemical reaction reaches equilibrium is revealed by the equilibrium constant of a chemical process, which is typically represented by the letter K.

There are certain rules such as

When we reverse the reaction equilibrium constant becomes inverse and when multiply particular reaction using any number then that number  raised to power of the equilibrium constant.

2HBr (g)  ⇄  H₂ (g) + Br₂ (g)

[tex]K = \frac{[H_{2} ][Br_{2} ]}{[HBr]^{2} } \\\\[/tex]

[tex]\frac{1}{2} H_{2} (g) + \frac{1}{2} Br_{2} (g)[/tex]  ⇄ HBr(g)

[tex]K1 = \frac{[HBr]}{[H_{2} ]^{1/2}[Br_{2} ]^{1/2} }[/tex]

Squaring on both sides,

[tex]K1^{2} = \frac{[HBr]^{2} }{[H_{2} ][Br_{2} ] }[/tex]

Putting value of K in above equation -

K1² = 1/K

K1 = (1/K)^(1/2)

2) H₂ (g) +  Br₂ (g)  ⇄  2HBr (g)

Reverse the main equation

So, K₂ = 1/K

HBr (g)  ⇄  1/2 H₂ (g) + 1/2 Br₂ (g)

Multiplying equation by 1/2

So, K raised to the power 1/2,

K₃ = K^(1/2)

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The equilibrium constant for each new reaction in terms of K, will be  K1 = (1/K)^1/2 ; K2 = 1/K ; K3 = K^1/2

Why is the equilibrium constant important?

The amount of reactant to product in a chemical reaction can be compared to derive the equilibrium constant, which is used to predict chemical behavior. Rate of the forward reaction equals Rate of the backward reaction at equilibrium.

For reaction, 2 HBr(g) ⇌ H2(g) + Br2(g)

Equilibrium constant K will be [H2] [ Br2] / [HBr]^2

1) 1/2 H2(g) + 1/2 Br(g) ⇌ HBr(g)

K1 =[HBr] / [H2]^1/2 [ Br2]^1/2

     = (1/K)^1/2

2) H2(g) + Br2(g) ⇌ 2HBr(g)

K2 = [HBr]^2 / [H2] [ Br2]

     = 1/K

3) HBr(g) ⇌ 1/2 H2(g) + 1/2 Br2(g)

K3 =  [H2]^1/2 [ Br2]^1/2 / [HBr]

      =  K^1/2

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Answer:

C. 2 protons, 2 electrons, and 1 neutron.

Explanation:

An atom that has no charge is one that has an equal number of protons and electrons. Protons have a positive charge, while electrons have a negative charge, so an atom with an equal number of protons and electrons will have a net charge of zero.

Therefore, the correct answer is C: 2 protons, 2 electrons, and 1 neutron. This atom would have two positive charges (from the protons) and two negative charges (from the electrons), which cancel each other out, resulting in a neutral charge.

2.6×10³Seconds is the time taken by the light to cover the distance from sun to Jupiter.

Time= distance ÷speed

Time=?

Distance= 778,000 000 kilometre

Speed of light is= 3×10⁸

Converting the 778,000 000 kilometre into metre

Since we know that 1 kilometre = 1000 meter

So we will multiply 1000 to the given value 778,000 000 kilometre

So the answered will be,

= 778,000 000,000 meter

Now we can write this value as,

= 778 × 10⁹ meter

Also, = 7.78 × 10¹¹  meter

Now we are putting the values into the above formula that is,

Time= 7.78 × 10¹¹ ÷ 3×10⁸

Time= 2.6 × 10³ Seconds

Jupiter:  Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun and is the biggest planet in the Solar System. It is a gas giant with a mass just below one thousandth that of the Sun but greater than 2.5 times that of all the other planets combined in the Solar System.

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Answer:

Br

Explanation:

The first ionization energy is a measure of the energy required to remove the outermost, or highest energy, electron from an atom or a positive ion. Among the elements Na, P, Ca, and Br, the element with the highest first ionization energy is Br.

The first ionization energy generally increases across a period (row) on the periodic table and decreases down a group (column). This trend is due to the increasing effective nuclear charge (the positive charge felt by an electron) and decreasing electron shielding (the effect of inner electrons on the energy of outer electrons) as one moves from left to right across a period.

In the case of Na, P, Ca, and Br, all four elements are in the same period, so they experience similar effective nuclear charge. However, Br has a higher atomic number than the other three elements, which means it has more protons in its nucleus and a stronger positive charge. This leads to a higher first ionization energy for Br compared to Na, P, and Ca.

Overall, the element with the highest first ionization energy among Na, P, Ca, and Br is Br.

Answer:

3CO(g) + Fe₂O₃(s)

Explanation:

In a chemical equation, the reactants are the substances that undergoes a chemical reaction to form the products. In this case, 3CO(g) and Fe₂O₃(s) react to form 2 {Fe}(s) and 3CO₂(g).

The reaction mechanism explains the separate phases of a reaction and identifies any intermediates that are produced during one step and used in a different step later in the reaction.

One or maybe more chemicals, commonly referred to as reaction mixture, are converted within one or more chemical molecules, referred to as products, during a chemical reaction. Chemical elements and compounds are both substances.

Rearranging the atoms or molecules of two or more substances when they come into touch with one another, producing the production of one or more new substances. The interaction of two different substances' electrons is what drives chemical reactions.

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The combinations would need roman numerals in the ionic name is aluminum and fluorine. Therefore, option D is correct.

It is necessary to specify the specific ion we are referring to because transition metals can generate many ions. The addition of a Roman numeral after the metal serves as a reminder of this. Both the charge and the oxidation state of the transition metal ion are indicated by the Roman numeral.

When the metal cation forms several ions, ionic compounds are named using Roman numerals. Although not all of them do it, transition metals are those that can combine with other ions to generate multiple ions.

Thus, option D is correct.

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What is the ionic charge for the chromium ion in CrP³⁺

is +6.

The ionic charge of an ion of an element in a compound is the charge the element has in that compound, as a result of the number of electrons it has donated or gained.

Metallic elements in compounds have a positive charge because they donate electrons to electronegative elements.

Non-metals have a negative charge in compounds as they accept electrons from metals.

The ionic charge of chromium ion in the CrP³⁺ is calculated as follows:

P has a cherge of - 3

Cr + (-3) = + 3

Cr = +6

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In the winter and in regions other than the equator, light intensity is reduced due to Earth's angle with the sun.

The answer is related to how Earth is angled in relation to the sun. The equator's latitudes experience constant direct sunshine. The oblique angle at which latitudes near the poles receive sunlight causes the same quantity of radiation to be dispersed over a larger area than it would be at the equator.

It is the cause of change in seasons as-

In summers: There are longer daylight hours, the sun is more perpendicular to us than at other times of the year, and the Northern Hemisphere leans toward the sun in its revolution. The longer days bring up additional heating because of the concentrated sunshine.

In winters: The sun seems lower in the sky during the winter because the Northern Hemisphere is tilted away from it, there are less daylight hours, and the sun is hitting us at an angle. Because the sun's beams are "spread out" rather than "direct," there is less heating.

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In the gold unit cell, packing is more effective. The sodium chloride unit cell has a greater packing efficiency. In both lattice structures, packing is equally efficient.

Two unit cells share an atom on a face, therefore only one of these cells is the owner of the entire atom.

An example of cubic close packing is a crystalline structure in which planes of densely packed atoms or ions are arranged in a sequence of three alternating layers with various relative orientations.

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Answer:

Second answer may be 4Al +3O2 gives 2Al2O3

A basic solution is one that contains a salt of a strong base and a weak acid. The solution is acidic because it contains a salt of strong acid and weak base.

A neural solution is one that contains the salts of a strong acid and a strong base.

The solutions NaCl,KBr are neutral, NaCN, NaNO 2 and KF are basic, and NH4 NO 3 is acidic.The pH scale is employed to ascertain whether a solution is acidic or basic. It has a number from 0 to 14, with 7 representing neutral. Any of it less than 7 is an acid, and anything greater than 7 is a base. The pH scale is a logarithmic scale, with a pH of 2 being 10 times more alkaline than a pH of 3. Because their pH is less than 7, acids such as HCl (the acid in ones tummy that aids digestion) and lemon juice are all amino acid (neutral). Water, for example, has a pH level of 7 when it is neutral. You are a base with a pH of 8-16 when you're dealing with a basic substance.

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Addition of 6M HI will increase the concentration of Hgl4.

The principle of Le Chatelier is as follows: A change in one of the variables that describe an equilibrium system causes a shift in the position of the equilibrium, which cancels out the effect of the change.

In this question,

Addition of 6M HI shifts the equilibrium in forward direction and hence more amount of HgI4^- formed.

This is accordance with Le-Chatelier principle which states that , increasing the concentration of reactants ( gases or aqueous phase only) shifts the equilibrium in forward direction and increase the concentration of products shift the equilibrium in backward direction .

Addition of 6M HI will increase the concentration of Hgl4.

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Answer:

C. 43.9 g

Explanation:

The formula for calculating the heating of the water:

Q = m * C * ΔT

Where Q is the amount of heat required, m is the mass of the object, C is the specific heat capacity of the material, and ΔT is the change in temperature. Plugging in the values from the problem, we get the following:

Q = 4000 g * 4.184 J/g°C * (100°C - 20°C) = 1,338,880 J = 1338.88 kJ

The mass of anthracite coal required:

[tex]m_{coal}[/tex] =  1338.88 kJ / 30,500 kJ/kg = 0.0439 kg = 43.9 g

Initially the sample will be in solid form and finally it will in gaseous form.

What is melting point ?

A substance's melting point is the temperature at which it transforms from a solid into a liquid. The equilibrium between the solid and liquid phases exists at the melting point. A substance's melting point is dependent on pressure, and it is typically expressed at a standard pressure such 1 atmosphere or 100 kPa.

Melting point of nitrogen =63.15K

Boiling point of nitrogen = 77.355K

Below 63.15K it is in solid form and above this it will be in liquid form.

Below 77.355K it is in liquid form and above this it will be in gaseous form.

Initially it is 59K means in solid form.

And finally it is 129K means in gaseous form.

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The sample will first take on a solid form before transitioning to gaseous form.

What do melting and boiling points mean?

The temperature at which a substance's solid and liquid phases are in equilibrium is known as its melting point. The temperature at which a substance's vapour pressure equals the atmospheric pressure is known as the boiling point of that material.

Physical and chemical changes can cause matter to transform into different forms, but no matter what happens, matter is always conserved. There is no creation or destruction of matter; the amount of matter is the same before and after the transformation. The Law of Conservation of Mass is the name given to this idea.

Nitrogen's melting point is 63.15 K and its boiling point is 77.355K. It is solid at temperatures below 63.15K and liquid at temperatures beyond this. It has a liquid state below 77.355K and a gaseous state above this.

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The reaction mechanisms of dissolution processes are discussed for the balanced equation for the recovery of germanium from its oxide ore is GeO2 + heat= Ge+O2(g)

The balanced equation for the recovery of germanium from its oxide ore is GeO2 + heat= Ge+O2(g)

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The percent composition by mass of some compounds is 32.01% C, 4.03% H, and 63.96% O, with a total molecular mass of 150 amu. The empirical formula of the compound is CH2O8, and the molecular formula is C3H6O24.

The percent composition by mass of some compounds is 32.01% C, 4.03% H, and 63.96% O, with a total molecular mass of 150 amu. This can be used to calculate the empirical formula and the molecular formula of the compound. To calculate the empirical formula, the mass of each element must first be calculated and then divided by the atomic mass of each element.

The mass of Carbon is 32.01% of 150 amu, which is 48.015 amu. The mass of Hydrogen is 4.03% of 150 amu, which is 6.045 amu. The mass of Oxygen is 63.96% of 150 amu, which is 95.945 amu. When divided by atomic mass, the ratio of elements is C:H:O = 1:2:8. This is the empirical formula of the compound.

The empirical formula gives the simplest ratio of the elements present in the compound, but does not necessarily indicate the actual number of atoms of each element present in the compound. To calculate the molecular formula of the compound, the empirical formula must be multiplied by an integer to correct the number of atoms of each element. The empirical formula for this compound is CH2O8. To determine the molecular formula, the empirical formula must be multiplied by a factor of 3. The molecular formula is therefore C3H6O24.

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The one that will not show geometric (cis-trans) isomerism is 3-ethyl-3-heptene. Thus, the correct answer to this question is A.

Geometric isomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and the same bond connectivity but differ in the spatial arrangement of their atoms. Geometric isomers can only occur in molecules with double bonds and will have different physical properties such as boiling point, melting point, and solubility.

The correct answer is 3-ethyl-3-heptene. This molecule does not contain a double bond and therefore cannot have geometric isomers. All the other choices (b, c, and d) contain a double bond and would be expected to exhibit geometric isomerism.

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The oxidation-reduction process is present in each of the responses to this question. Redox reaction is another name for it. See down for more details

It is known as the process in which oxidation and reduction happen at the same time. Both the oxidation and reduction processes proceed simultaneously. While electrons are obtained during a reduction reaction, they are lost during an oxidation reaction. (a) This process is an oxidation-reduction reaction because bromine's oxidation state moves from (-1) to (0), demonstrating oxidation, and sulfur's, from (+6) to (+4), demonstrating reduction. (b) Because nitrogen moves from (+5) to (+2), indicating reduction, and sulfur changes form (+4) to (+6), indicating oxidation, this reaction involves both oxidation and reduction.(c) (c) The change in the oxidation states of iodine from (-1) to (+5), which indicates oxidation, and chlorine from (+5) to (-1), which indicates reduction, indicates that this process involves oxidation-reduction. (d) Because the element is present on both the reactant and product sides, this reaction does not involve an oxidation-reduction reaction.

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The name of [tex]H_{3} PO_{4}[/tex] is Phosphoric acid.

Phosphoric acid (orthophosphoric acid, mono-phosphoric acid, or phosphoric(V) acid) is an inorganic phosphorus-containing solid with the chemical formula [tex]H_{3} PO_{4}[/tex]. It is most commonly encountered in the form of an 85% aqueous solution, which is a colorless, odorless, non-volatile syrupy liquid. It is a significant industrial chemical that is found in many fertilizers.

The term "orthophosphoric acid" is used to differentiate this acid from other "phosphoric acids," such as pyrophosphoric acid. Nonetheless, the term "phosphoric acid" is frequently used to refer to this specific compound, and this is the current IUPAC nomenclature.

Food-grade phosphoric acid is used to acidify foods and beverages like colas and jams, giving them a tangy or sour flavour. Phosphoric acid is also used as a preservative. Soft drinks containing phosphoric acid, such as Coca-Cola, are sometimes referred to as phosphate sodas or phosphates. Soft drinks contain phosphoric acid, which has the potential to cause dental erosion.

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Any source outside the body that emits ionising radiation, whether it be a beta source, neutron source, or gamma source, might be a risk for external radiation exposure.

The most dangerous outside threat is gamma radiation. "Beta burns" can be brought on by beta particles that partially penetrate skin.

Ionizing radiations have the potential to result in dermatitis, burns, cell damage, cataracts, and alterations in the blood. Any exposed area of the body can become heated by microwaves and radio waves, infrared rays can cause cataracts and skin burns, and UV light can cause skin cancer, conjunctivitis, arc eye, and conjunctivitis.

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The Loma Prieta earthquake rocked Northern California just before the start of Game 3 of the 1989 World Series. Therefore, the diagram accurately depicts convergent boundaries as the cause of the plate movement that led to the earthquake.

Despite the fact that tectonic plates are always moving slowly, friction makes their edges impenetrable. When the stress just on edge is greater than the friction, waves of energy are released, which travel through earth's crust & cause the shaking we feel. The earth's surface trembling is referred described as a "earthquake." The Earth's surface is trembling unexpectedly. Undoubtedly, earthquakes are a dreadful form of nature's devastation. Earthquakes can also significantly harm both people and property. There are certain weak Earthquakes that most likely go unreported.

The unexpected fracturing of subsurface rock and quick movement across a fault are the usual causes of earthquakes. This sudden release of energy results in these seismic waves, that shake the ground.

Even though we cannot prevent natural earthquakes from occurring, we can significantly lessen their effects by identifying risks, building structures that are more earthquake-resistant, and spreading earthquake safety knowledge. Being ready for natural earthquakes can help us reduce the likelihood of earthquakes brought on by humans.

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The statement accurately describes circuits is in a parallel circuit, there's only one path for the current to travel. Therefore, option C is correct.

Electronic components such as resistors, transistors, capacitors, inductors, and diodes are connected via conductive wires or traces that allow electric current to pass between them.

Circuit training entails performing a set of timed exercises one after the other, with varied lengths of break in between. Push-ups, sit-ups, squats, chin-ups, and lunges are a few exercises that might be included in a straightforward circuit training routine.

A channel for the transfer of electric current is known as an electric circuit. Electric energy is transferred to components that transform it into various types of energy that can perform work, such as supplying power to lights, appliances, and other devices, when electrical current flows across a circuit.

Thus, option C is correct.

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Answer:

The amount of heat that must be removed from steam at 100 degrees Celsius to get ice at -273 degrees Celsius can be calculated using the formula for the heat of fusion of water. The heat of fusion of water is approximately 333.55 joules per gram, which means that it takes 333.55 joules of energy to convert 1 gram of liquid water at 0 degrees Celsius to 1 gram of ice at 0 degrees Celsius.

To convert 0.000010 kg of steam at 100 degrees Celsius to ice at -273 degrees Celsius, we must first convert the steam to liquid water at 100 degrees Celsius, which requires the addition of heat. The heat required to do this can be calculated using the specific heat capacity of water, which is approximately 4.186 joules per gram per degree Celsius. The specific heat capacity tells us how much heat is required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1 degree Celsius.

To convert 0.000010 kg of steam at 100 degrees Celsius to liquid water at 100 degrees Celsius, we would need to add (0.000010 kg) * (100 degrees Celsius) * (4.186 joules/gram/degree Celsius) = 0.004186 joules of heat.

Once the steam has been converted to liquid water, we can then convert the water to ice at -273 degrees Celsius. To do this, we would need to remove (0.000010 kg) * (333.55 joules/gram) = 0.033355 joules of heat.

In total, we would need to remove 0.004186 joules + 0.033355 joules = 0.037541 joules of heat from 0.000010 kg of steam at 100 degrees Celsius to get ice at -273 degrees Celsius.

Explanation:

The proper numbering is 4, 2, 1, and 3.

The following sequence of actions can be used to describe how an undersea sedimentary rock is formed.

Sedimentary Rock

In a basin, sediments and animal skeletons start to accumulate.

The material that has been deposited starts to become bound together by a glue ingredient brought in by running water, such as calcite or clay. The deposits start to become harder.

The deposits eventually transform into rock that is solid and hard. The new rock is a mixture of several organic and inorganic components.

Existing rocks become sediments as a result of weathering.

What causes sedimentary rocks to form?

Sedimentary rocks are formed when previously existing rocks or pieces of extinct animals accumulate on the surface of the Earth. Sediment that has been buried deeply becomes compacted

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The given combustion reaction of ethanol with oxygen can be balanced as follows:

[tex]\rm CH_{3}CH_{2} OH + 3O_{2} \rightarrow 2 CO_{2} + 3 H _{2}O[/tex].

Combustion is a type of reaction in which the a substance reacts with atmospheric oxygen to produce water and carbon dioxide. Hydrocarbons such as alkanes, alkenes and alkanes and other organic compounds such as alcohol.

One mole of ethanol undergoes combustion reaction and produce 2 moles of carbon dioxide and 3 moles of water. The reaction can be balanced and written as follows:

[tex]\rm CH_{3}CH_{2} OH + 3O_{2} \rightarrow 2 CO_{2} + 3 H _{2}O[/tex]

The reaction is balanced on each side and the number of each elements on both sides are equated by multiplying with suitable integers.

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Dissolve 60g of potassium bromide in 340g of water to produce 15% (mass/mass) aqueous solution of potassium bromide.

Here we have to prepare a total of 400 g of solution. Aqueous solution means the solvent we use here is water.

So to prepare 400 g of 15% aqueous solution of potassium bromide, we need to find out how many grams of potassium bromide need to be dissolved in water and how many grams of water must be used.

Here the weight percent is given, that is 15%

       15/100 = weight of potassium bromide/ 400 g

       0 .15      = weight of potassium bromide / 400

      weight of potassium bromide needed = 0.15 × 400

                                                                       =  60 g

So, we calculated the required amount of potassium bromide as 60 grams. The total weight of the solution to be made is 400 grams.

So amount of water required = 400 - 60

                                                =  340 g

So we need to mix 60 grams of potassium bromide in 340 grams of water to get a 15% (mass/mass) aqueous solution.

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According to my search

The primary alcohol is treated with a carboxylic acid in the presence of sulphuric acid a compound is formed. This compound has a sweet smell. The compound obtained is called an ester. The chemical reaction occurring in the formation of the ester is known as an esterification reaction.

Some esters can be prepared by esterification, a reaction in which a carboxylic acid and an alcohol, heated in the presence of a mineral acid catalyst, form an ester and water: The reaction is reversible. As a specific example of an esterification reaction, butyl acetate can be made from acetic acid and 1-butanol.

You are dealing with a neutralization reaction that takes place between acetic acid,

CH

3

COOH

, a weak acid, and sodium hydroxide,

NaOH

, a strong base.

Now, the pH of the resulting solution will depend on whether or not the neutralization is complete or not.

If the neutralization is not complete, more specifically if the acid is not completely neutralized, you will have a buffer solution that will contain acetic acid and its conjugate base, the acetate anion..

It's important to note that at complete neutralization, the pH of the solution will not be equal to

7

. Even if you neutralize the weak acid completely, the solution will be left with its conjugate base, which is why you can expect its pH to be greater than

7

.

So, the balanced chemical equation for this reaction is

5.35