Question 1 (1 point)
Which of the following statements correctly describes the relationship between the
reactants and the products of a chemical reaction?
The total mass of the reactants must be less than the total mass of the products.
Products and reactants always have the same physical and chemical states.
Products always have a different physical and chemical state than reactants.
The total mass of the reactants must equal the total mass of the products.

Naming and Writing Formulas

NaBr - ionic - sodium bromide

CF₄ - covalent - carbon tetrafluoride

N₂O₃ - covalent - dinitrogen trioxide

MgI₂ - ionic - magnesium iodide

KH₂PO₄ - ionic - potassium phosphate

SnO₂ - covalent - tin(iv) oxide

Fe(OH)₂ - covalent - iron(ii) hydroxide

P₄O₁₀ -  covalent - phosphorous pentoxide

AuSO₄ - covalent - gold(ii) sulphate

N₂O - covalent - dinitrogen monoxide

Rb₂S - ionic - rubidium sulfide

SeF₆ - covalent - selenium hexafluoride

NaNO₃ - ionic - sodium nitrate

Al₂O₃ - ionic - aluminum oxide

SO₂ - covalent - sulfur dioxide

H₂O - covalent - dihydrogen monoxide

Mn(NO₂)₂ - ionic - magnese II nitrate

HgO - ionic - mercury II oxide

Li₃N - ionic - lithium nitride

Al₂(SO₄)₃ - ionic - aluminium sulfate

The primary function of chemical nomenclature is to ensure that a spoken or written chemical name leaves no ambiguity concerning which chemical compound the name refer to each chemical name should refer to a single substances

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The minimum mass of ethane that could be left over by the chemical reaction is 5.33 grams.

Ethane is a two-carbon alkane that which is a colorless and odorless gas. Ethane is isolated on the industrial scale from natural gas at standard temperature and pressure and as a by-product of petroleum refining.

Given mass of ethane = 15.33 grams

Mass of oxygen = 18.0 grams

We know, molar mass ethane = 30.07 g/mol

and Molar mass oxygen = 32.0 g/mol

2C2H6 + 7O2 → 4CO2 + 6H2O

Moles of ethane = 15.33 grams / 30.07 g/mol

Moles of ethane = 0.509 moles

Moles of oxygen = 18.0 grams / 32.0 g/mol

Moles of oxygen = 0.562 moles

For 2 moles ethane ,we would need 7 moles oxygen to produce 4 moles CO2 and 6 moles H2O

Oxygen is limiting reactant and it will be consumed completely.

0.562 / 3.5 = 0.160 moles

Remaining will be-  0.509 - 0.160 = 0.349 moles

Mass of ethane = 0.349 moles * 15.3 g/mol

Remaining Mass of ethane = 5.33 grams

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The each of the four quantum numbers and property of orbitals or electrons each describes are :

1) Principle quantum number : the principle denoted by, n. the principle quantum number describes the energy level of electrons. like 3d subshell , n= 3

2) angular quantum number : angular quantum number describes the shape of the sub shell. example , l = 0,1,2,3.....    s,p,d,f

3) magnetic quantum number , ml : describes the orientation of the orbitals. for l = 1 . ml = -1 0 +1

4) spin quantum number ms:  describes the spin of the electrons. there are two possible value of spin quantum number . ms = + 1/2 for up and ms = - 1/2 for down spin.

Thus, The each of the four quantum numbers and property of orbitals or electrons each describes are :

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Answer:

HF

Explanation:

Each solution contains a different dye concentration in moles. Utilize your measured absorbance values and the Beer-Lambert Law equation (A = bc).

In order to create a 1 molar (M) solution, 1.0 GMW of the chemical must be dissolved in 1 liter of water. 58.44 g make up a 1M solution of NaCl. Example: Enzyme histochemistry routinely employs HCl.

The most common unit for molarity in chemistry is the number of moles per liter, given by the unit sign mol/L or moldm3 in SI units. One molar, or 1 M, of a solution's content is defined as one mol/L.

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The mass percentage of acetic acid in this vinegar sample is 1.00 %

Density is the size of ways tightly a fabric is packed collectively. it is described as the mass consistent with unit quantity. Density image: D or ρ Density system: ρ = m/V, wherein ρ is the density, m is the mass of the object and V is the quantity of the item.

Density is the substance's mass per unit of volume. The image most usually used for density is ρ, despite the fact that the Latin letter D also can be used. Mathematically, density is defined as mass divided by using volume Density is the mass of an object divided by using its extent. Density frequently has gadgets of grams according to cubic centimeters (g/cm3).

Calculation:-

Acetic Acid = 0.03 mol

moles of Gram of Acetic acid=moles x molar mass.

= 0.03 mol x 60 mol

Now, as De 1.8g Density = 1.00

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1 g is molecular weight or atomic mass of hydrogen. when  a 0.240-gram sample of a gas has a volume of 336 mL when measured under a pressure of 1520 mm Hg at 273 °C

volume=336 mL

pressure= 1520 mm

temperature=546 K

given mass, m=0.240-gram

M=(molar mass

R= 8.2

PV=mRT/M

M=mRT/PV

M=1074/51072

M=1 g

The quantity of substance that makes up an element's atom is known as its atomic mass. One-twelfth of the mass of the carbon-12 atom, with an assigned atomic mass of 12 units, is expressed as a multiple of 1.992646547 1023 gram, or in other words, 1.992646547 gram. One atomic mass unit is equivalent to 1.660539040 1024 grams on this scale (amu). The atomic mass unit is sometimes referred to as the dalton in honor of English scientist John Dalton (Da).

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By using the bond energies given (picture attached) the change in enthalpy for the reaction will be -78 KJ

Bond energy of N≡N = 942 KJ/mol

Bond energy of H-H = 432 KJ/mol

Bond energy of N-H = 386 KJ/mol

Enthalpy change of the reaction = ?

Enthalpy change is the amount of heat evolved or absorbed during a chemical process.

The balanced chemical equation for the given reaction

    N₂ + 3H₂  →  2NH₃

So,

    number of moles of N≡N bonds = 1

    number of moles of H-H bonds = 3

    number of moles of N-H bonds = 2(3) = 6

In the first step bond breakage occurs between N≡N and H-H, as bond breakage absorbed heat so we use the plus sign here. In the second step bond formation releases energy so we use the minus sign here.

Calculate the enthalpy of the reaction

    Enthalpy of reaction = (1 × BE of N≡N) + (3 × BE of H-H) - (6 × BE of N-H)

    BE = bond energy

Put the bond energy values

    Enthalphy of reaction = (1 × 942) KJ + (3 × 432) KJ - (6 × 386 ) KJ

    Enthalphy of reaction =  -78 KJ

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The standard free-energy change for the reaction is 218090 kJ/mol

Standard reduction potential is the measure of the tendency for a given chemical species that need to be reduced. Where the standard oxidation potential measures the tendency for a given chemical species to be oxidized that is  opposed to be reduced.

electrochemical reaction is  any process that is either caused or accompanied by the passage of an electric current and which involves in most cases the transfer of electrons between two substances—one a solid and the other a liquid.

To find the standard free-energy change we use the formula;

[tex]E^{o}[/tex] = [tex]E_{cathode}[/tex] - [tex]E_{anode}[/tex]  where cathode = Zinc and Anode = Au

[tex]E^{o}[/tex] = -0.76 -1.50

   = 2.26

Therefore  the standard free-energy change will be;

Δ[tex]G^{o}_{cell[/tex] = -6 × 96500 ×2.26

         = 218090 kJ/mol

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The amount of heat needed is 85.0 kJ.

Melting point determination is the most commonly used thermal analysis to characterize solid crystalline materials. It is used in R&D and quality control in various industries to identify solid crystalline substances and to ensure their purity. The heat capacity ratio is calculated by dividing the heat capacity at constant pressure by the heat capacity at constant volume.

Calculation

mass = 111g

temperature = 25.1⁰C.

Heat = msT

= 85.0 kJ.

Specific heat is the amount of heat required to raise 1 gram of a substance by 1 degree Celsius or Kelvin. The enthalpy change is given and the symbol indicates the enthalpy change. The heat of formation and heat of reaction are two forms of enthalpy. The boiling points of liquids can be determined using the capillary method. In this method a reverse capillary tube is placed in the liquid of interest and the liquid is heated.

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Disclaimer:- your question is incomplete, please see below for the complete question.

Calculate the amount of heat needed to boil 111 g of octane (C8H18), beginning from a temperature of 25.1⁰C. be sure your answer has a unit symbol and the correct number of significant digits.

i have attached an image of carbon atom that you can copy

A particular ore employed in this study needed a concentration of 100 g/L (200 lb/st solution or 600 lb/st ore) NaCN to extract gold at a rate of over 90 percent.

Since the 1970s, cyanide leaching, often known as "cyanidation," has been the main method used to extract gold. In this method, sodium cyanide is used to selectively dissolve gold from ore in a solution that contains between 100 and 500 parts per million, or 0.01% and 0.05% cyanide.

Certain bacteria, fungus, and algae can generate cyanides. Additionally, cyanides can be found in things like tapioca, spinach, bamboo shoots, almonds, lima beans, fruit pits, and car exhaust.

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Th amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature of 47.8g ethylene glycol is 47.8J.

To calculate the amount of heat transferred (q) is the product of specific heat capacity(C), mass of substance(m) and the change in temperature(ΔT).

q=m×c×ΔT

Here m=47.8g , C=1K, ΔT= 1K

q= 47.8J

What is ethylene glycol?

Ethylene glycol is a water-absorbing synthetic liquid. It has no odour and a sweet taste. Ethylene glycol is used in the manufacture of antifreeze and deicing solutions for automobiles, aeroplanes, and boats. It's also found in hydraulic brake fluids and inks used in stamp pads, ballpoint pens, and printing presses.

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During pearlite transformation the temperature drops down to 600 degree C and it occurs in the Eutectic point.

What is phase diagram?

Graphical representations of the phases that exist in an alloy under various temperature, pressure, or chemical composition conditions are called phase diagrams.

The graphic illustrates the necessary elements for the equilibrium of two or more phases. A site where water can coexist in three different phases at once is described as a "triple point" in the water phase diagram, for instance. This occurs at a temperature of 0.01 °C and an atmospheric pressure of 0.006.

The pearlite transformation happens when the temperature changes from 675 degree C to 600 degree C. The point where which the transformation occurs is called as Eutectic point.

Eutectic point - A junction of several phases is known as a eutectic point. In the iron-carbon alloy diagram, the intersection of lines A1, A3, and ACM is known as the eutectic point. These points happened to develop at the same time.

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From the aquifer, 18 m3 of water may be pumped.

Because the total amount of precipitation, evapotranspiration, and runoff are equal, the water budget of the entire planet is balanced. Local water budgets, also known as water use budgets, are typically unbalanced for a certain area.

The naturally occurring water cycle includes groundwater (check out our interactive water cycle diagram). The precipitation that falls on the ground penetrates the subsoil to some extent. The portion of groundwater recharge that travels deeper into the soil until it reaches saturated rock material is the last to do so.

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The partial pressure of He in the tank, given that the tank contains 1.47 mole of O₂ and 5.53 moles of He is 9.56 atm

To obatin the partial pressure of He in the tank, we'll begin by obtaining the mole fraction of He in the tank. This is illustrated below:

Mole fraction of He = Mole of He / total mole

Mole fraction of He = 5.53 / 7

Mole fraction of He = 0.79

Finally, we shall determne the partial pressure of He in the tank. Details below

Partial pressure of He = mole fraction of He × total pressure

Partial pressure of He = 0.79 × 12.1

Partial pressure of He = 9.56 atm

Thus, we can conclude that the partial pressure of He is 9.56 atm

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Answer: the order is 2

Explanation:the two in 02- is the answer from now on you well know the answer for questions like this on

How many electron pairs are present in a bond between two atoms is known as the bond order. A covalent bond between two atoms has a bond order of one for all single bonds, double bonds, triple bonds, quadruple bonds, and so forth.

O2 has a bond order of 2 and two unpaired electrons in its π* orbitals.

Over O2⁻, O2⁺ is more stable. Reason: O2+ has 15 electrons total, with one of those electrons in an antibonding orbital, according to the molecular orbital theory. There are 17 electrons in the case of O2 and 3 electrons are in antibonding orbitals. An unstable molecule results from having an excessive amount of electrons in antibonding orbitals.

Bond Order = (10 - 6) / 2

                    = 2

The O2 molecule is paramagnetic because it contains two unpaired electrons.

It possesses two unpaired electrons, and an octet can be completed with just two electrons. It doesn't have an unpaired electron because the other oxygen atom can share its two electrons with it. The molecule is described as being diamagnetic if there are no unpaired electrons. In a magnetic field, diamagnetic materials are repelled.

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The reaction in this experiment is the reverse of the hydration of cyclohexene to form cyclohexanol is OH  H⁺  + H₂O

The forward and backsword reactions are plausible in acidic conditions. To avoid this a special debilitation apparatus is used ic. Chicken al distillation apparatus. The precious, expeckenbeserve besi bugs point 86 degrees C is much lower than the cyclohexanol 165 degrees C. So if the distillation happens, the product evaporates no son as it comes in the reaction and is collected in a separate vessel.

So it would be in contact with acid or reaction mixture for much time. The distillate will contain only the product whereas bestizoru lacy in the reduction veal in eye labels real would Oneida. The feedstock is contaminated with water, unreacted alcohol, phosphoric acid, and some byproducts. Washing with water removes most contaminants. Treatment with sodium carbonate solution removes traces of acid and a final water wash removes the remaining carbonates. Synthesis of alkenes dehydration of cyclohexanol.

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Organism is able to form organized patterns of behavior through the process of integration because it has ganglia is grasshopper.

Any organic, living system that performs as a standalone unit is referred to as an organism. All living things are made up of cells.

Groups of multicellular animals, plants, and fungi, as well as unicellular microorganisms like protists, bacteria, and archaea, are some examples of how creatures are categorized by taxonomy.

Atoms, molecules, organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and the human organism are the major levels of organization in the body, going from the simplest to the most complex.

Thus, option C is correct.

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The atomic number of copper is 29, and it has the mass number 63. The number of protons in the nucleus determines the atomic number, and the number of protons and neutrons determines the mass number.

The total number of protons and neutrons in an atomic nucleus is known as the mass number, sometimes known as the atomic mass number or nucleon number. It is roughly equivalent to the atom's atomic mass expressed in an atomic mass unit.

It is calculated by adding the total amount of protons and neutrons. For instance, the atomic number of magnesium is 4, while the atomic number of lithium is 4, which is equal to the number of protons. Eight ( 4 + 4 ) is the mass number.

Because it indicates the mass of all the protons and neutrons in an element, the mass number of an element is designated as such. The atomic number and atomic mass of an element are often listed in periodic tables along with the chemical symbols for each element.

Thus, An atom has 29 protons, 30 neutrons, and 27 electrons has the mass number 63.

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The rate of reaction when 0. 4g of zinc trioxocarbonate (IV) reacted with dilute hydrochloric acid, zin chloride was produced and carbon (IV) oxide evolved if the reaction took 2minute is 0.0016 mol/min

The rate of reaction is the time taken for product molecules to appear or the time taken for reactant molecule to be converted and the rate of reaction = mole of product formed/time taken

And the equation of the reaction is

ZnCO₃ + 2HCl → ZnCl₂ + H₂O + CO₂

And the molar mass of zinc carbonate = 125.39 = 8g/mol

Mole of zinc carbonate converted = 0.4/125.38

Time taken = 2 min

Rate of reaction = 0.0032/2

Rate of reaction = 0.0016 mol/min

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The two half reaction for the displacement reactions are the oxidation and reduction reactions.

A displacement reaction is the one where the atoms or the set of atoms is been displaced by another atom in a molecule of the compound. For example, when iron is added to a copper sulphate solution, it displaces the copper metal. A + B-C → A-C + B.

An oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction is a type of chemical reaction that generally involves a transfer of electrons between any two species. An oxidation-reduction reaction is any chemical reaction in which the oxidation number of a molecule, atom, or ion changes by gaining or losing an electron.

Mg → [tex]Mg^{2+}[/tex]+ 2e- Oxidation half reaction

[tex]Co^{2+}[/tex]+2e- → Co - Reduction half reaction

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Answer:

Solid ionic compounds do not have electrical conductivity because the ions are not free to move. In a liquid, the ionic compound dissociates into its respective ions.

Elements combine in three general ways. In ionic compounds, electrons are transferred from one element to the other, whereas in covalent compounds, electrons are shared between atoms. Third, in metallic bonding, electrons are shared between a large number of atoms in an electron sea.

Ionic compounds are compounds in which a free electron is transferred to another atom and a bond is formed. Ionic bonds occur in metal ions.

In liquid compounds, covalent bonds are formed. In covalent bonds, electrons are shared with each other,

The third type of bond is the metallic bond. In this type of bond, atoms are packed tightly and a free electron pool travels in between them.

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Answer:

A homogenous mixture of two or more substances is called solution. The substance with the greatest relative amount is called the solvent, while the other substance (s) is called the solute.

Explanation:

HCL is the reactant in this equation and the mncl2 produced dissolves in water.

The given reaction is a redox reaction. Here, Mno2 is the oxidizing agent.

Mn2 + 2e --------> MnCl2

Here, Mn goes from oxidation state +4 to oxidation state +2. Thus, Mn clearly gains electrons. Therefore, Mno2 is reduced to Mncl2 here.

Also,

2Hcl -----------> Cl2 + 2e

Here Cl from Hcl is in oxidation state -1 and after losing one electron it goes to oxidation state 0. Hence Hcl is oxidized to Cl2.

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The product form in the reaction of 1−methylcyclohexene with Bromine in water is trans-2-Bromo-1-methylcyclohexanol.

The molecular formula is C7H13BrO.

The Molecular Weight is 193.08200.

Synonyms of the product formed are as follow:

-2c-bromo-1r-methyl-cyclohexanol-(1)

trans-2-bromo-1-methylcylohexanol

1-Methyl-2trans-brom-cyclohexanol

trans-2-bromo-1-methylcyclohexanol

-2c-Brom-1r-methyl-cyclohexanol-(1)

For the structure check the image.

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Answer:

The factors that affect an object's gravitational potential energy are its height relative to some reference point, its mass, and the strength of the gravitational field it is in.