please help with tis i believe its attached below due in 3 days MRS>COGLIATIS CLASS

Net primary productivity is the primary productivity of the ecosystem, after the subtracting energy lost in the respiration and decomposition

Net primary productivity (NPP) is a measurement of the rate at which energy is converted by photosynthetic organisms into organic matter. It refers to the amount of energy (usually expressed in units of carbon) that plants and other photosynthetic organisms produce in a given area over a given period of time. NPP is an important indicator of ecosystem health, since it is a measure of the energy available for other organisms in the environment, such as animals and microbes. NPP is calculated by subtracting the amount of energy (carbon) released by respiration from the amount of energy (carbon) produced by photosynthesis.

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Answer:

decay

Explanation:

Answer: No

Explanation:

Salt water does not have more oxygen than fresh water and hears why.

Dissolved oxygen is the amount of oxygen dissolved in the water. Dissolved oxygen is one of the indicators of water quality. People need oxygen in the atmosphere to survive and animals that live in the ocean, like fish, need dissolved oxygen in the water to survive.

Finding out how organisms within a system interact with one another and their environment is the goal of the field of research known as systematics. FALSE

Systematics is the study of how living things have changed over time, both in terms of their current forms and their historical relationships. Evolutionary trees serve as a representation of relationships. Branching order and department duration are two additions in phylogenies.

There are four primary types of two-way interactions between species in ecological webs: mutualism, commensalism, competition, and predation (which includes herbivory and parasitism). A food web contains numerous connections between species, thus changes to one species can have a significant impact on other species.

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Several hormones are produced and released by your thymus, including Thymopoietin: stimulates T-cell generation and instructs the pituitary gland to produce hormones. Thymosin and thymulin: aid in the development of certain T-cell subsets.

Thymosin, a hormone required for the growth and generation of T cells, is produced and secreted by the thymus. The thymus is unique in that, in contrast to other organs, it grows the fastest in young children.

The organ most in charge of producing and maturing immune cells, particularly the tiny lymphocytes that guard the body from external antigens, is the thymus. The lymphoid tissues' resident cells come from the thymus, which also promotes the tissues' maturity and optimal performance.

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Answer:

a. The number of chromosomes in a sperm cell is half of the number of chromosomes in the skin of a dog, so there are 74/2 = <<74/2=37>>37 chromosomes in each sperm cell.

b. The number of chromosomes in a heart cell is the same as the number of chromosomes in the skin of a dog, so there are 74 chromosomes in each heart cell.

c. The term "somatic cell" refers to any cell in the body that is not a gamete, so the number of chromosomes in a somatic cell is the same as the number of chromosomes in the skin of a dog, which is 74.

d. Gametes are reproductive cells that are involved in sexual reproduction, and they have half the number of chromosomes of other cells in the body. In the case of a dog, there are 74 chromosomes in the skin, so each gamete would have 74/2 = <<74/2=37>>37 chromosomes. This is true for both sperm cells and eggs.

Scientists have shown that by changing the quantity of nitrogen stored in the biosphere, humans are interfering with the nitrogen cycle. The burning of fossil fuels is the main offender.

Plants flourish thanks to nitrogen. But having too much of a good thing can be harmful. Fast-growing plants outcompete and suffocate slower-growing beneficial plants when too much nitrogen gets into our bays. Oxygen is depleted by decaying plants, which kills fish and other marine life.

Through the burning of fossil fuels, the manufacturing of nitrogen fertilizers, the growing of nitrogen-fixing legumes, and other activities, humans are changing the global N cycle (Galloway et al. 1995).

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The stress-induced sympathetic stimulation of the adrenal medulla causes the secretion of catecholamines which include Epinephrine and norepinephrine.

The adrenal medulla secretes catecholamines hormones that help the body respond to stress. Catecholamines include epinephrine and norepinephrine, also known as epinephrine and norepinephrine. Under stress, the adrenal glands respond quickly by increasing the secretion of glucocorticoids and catecholamines into circulation.

These hormones in turn affect metabolism supplying energy to the vascular system to raise blood pressure and prevent the immune system from becoming over-activated. Visceral stimulation is the physiological stimulation of catecholamine secretion. Her ACh is released from nerve endings in the adrenal medulla when splanchnic nerves are stimulated.

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Sympathetic stimulation by stress in the adrenal medulla causes the secretion of the catecholamines epinephrine and norepinephrine.

A type of neurohormone (a chemical substance made by nerve cells and used to send signals to other cells). Catecholamines are important in stress responses. High levels can cause high blood pressure, headaches, sweating, heart palpitations, chest pain, and anxiety. Epinephrine is also known as adrenaline.

A catecholamine test measures the amount of these hormones in the urine or blood. Higher than normal levels of dopamine, norepinephrine, and/or epinephrine can be signs of a serious health condition.

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Based on the phenotypes of parental plants and F1 plants from the Heredity I lab, the dominant phenotypes are:

Phenotype is a trait of an organism that can be seen or observed. It's generally related to common attributes, such as color, length, taste, and even the presence of an anomaly or illness. When a phenotype is "dominant," that means that trait is the one that shows on the appearance on the organism.

Trichomes are the fine outgrowths or appendages that occur on plants, algae, and certain protists. An example of it is hair. Glabrous is the condition where the surface is smooth (no trichomes).

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You want to observe life processes. You cannot use an electron microscope to observe living specimens

A ciliated, monocellular protozoan, the Paramecium. Under a microscope, it appears as an oval, slipper-shaped microorganism with rounded front and top edges and pointed bottom. It is also visible with the unaided eye.

By hundreds of times, an optical microscope can magnify a drop of pond water. It reveals a vibrant community of life with just one cell.

With the aid of a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and an X-ray projection microscope (XRM) with a computer tomography (CT) capability, samples of Paramecium caudatum are examined. Glutaraldehyde and osmium-tetra oxide acid are used as fixatives to fix the samples.

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Vestibular system structure in the inner ear which serves to maintain a sense of equilibrium and orientation in space.

Vestibular system is present inside the inner ear. These are made up of three semicircular canals and two otolith organs, known as the utricle and the saccule.

Vestibular system is the sensory apparatus of the inner ear that helps the body maintain its postural equilibrium. The Information that are  coming from the vestibular system gets processed in the brain and then sent to other organs that need such information, like eyes, joints or muscles. This helps us to keep the balance and also the position of our body.

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Answer:

The pituitary hormones instruct a peripheral organ to secrete effector hormones with widespread effects on many tissues.

Explanation:

Answer: The first student is more likely.

Explanation: The first student has more air which means by the time it gets to the bridge it will have lost less air than the second student.

So since they lost less air that means that the balloon will be bigger and the flag will be more likely to get knocked off.

Alpha helix is packed and-this twisting formation is that the amino acide chain-will form a rod . The amino acid methionine , alanine, leucine , glutamate and lysine are form alpha helix.

The alpha helices may range in length from 4 to 40 amino acids but typical alpha helix is about 10 amino acids long. Hydrogen bond between the hydrogen in an amino group and the oxygen in carboxylic group on the amino acid causes this structure.

Alpha helix is characterized by a tight right handed twist in the amino acid chain which causes rod shape. Hydrogen bonds to the backbone of amino acid .It is made of two alpha helices  of sequence of amino acids.

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Answer:

Muscles and glands are called effectors because they cause an effect in response to directions from the nervous system

Explanation:

The cochlear nucleus is the starting point of the auditory pathway, which continues through the superior olivary complex.

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The three primary categories of macronutrients in diet are carbohydrates, proteins, and fats (nutrients that are required daily in large quantities).

Energy is obtained from carbohydrates (glucose). After being broken down into fatty acids, fats are utilised as a source of energy. Although protein may be used for energy, its primary function is in the synthesis of hormones, muscle, and other proteins. Cells use glucose, which is broken down, as an energy source.

The oxidative processes that occur in the cytoplasm and mitochondrion of the cell, where proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates go through a series of metabolic processes generally known as cellular respiration, result in the production of ATP.

The nutrients, such as fat and carbs, that your body need in big quantities are known as  macronutrients..

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The regulation of gene expression at many different level is helpful because different genes can be regulated at different points and different proteins are expressed.

The regulation of gene expression conserves both energy and space. It would require a significant amount of energy for the organism to express every gene at all times, hence it is more energy efficient to turn on the genes when they are required.

Gene expression is controlled at the level of transcription as a result of binding of proteins to specific sites on DNA. Regulation is divided into five levels, that are: epigenetic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational and post-translational.

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Continental drift, it is possible that the fossil could have been present on both continents at some point in the past.

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Answer: Grape Jelly

Explanation: Because it contains primarily simple sugars

Bronchospasm, airway edema, and increased mucus production in the lower airways best describes the pathophysiology of asthma.

the pathophysiology of asthma

Bronchitis and enlarged airways can also result in bronchospasm. Bronchospasm can be brought on by a number of different conditions, although asthma is the most frequent one. These conditions include: infections of the airways or lungs caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi.

Bronchial thickness, edema, increased mucus production, and bronchoconstriction are all caused by structural and inflammatory changes along the airway wall, which all work together to cause the episodic airflow restriction that is often associated with asthma.

bronchospasm

Breathing might be challenging when you have a bronchospasm because it can prevent air from reaching or leaving your lungs. It can be brought on by some medical disorders, such as asthma, as well as environmental factors, such as toxins or cold air.

The muscles that lining the passageways (bronchi) in the lungs constrict, causing bronchospasm. Your airways narrow as a result of these muscles contracting.

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The correct answer is (a)iving Living

‘Living’ is  alive, something that can grow, move, reproduce, respire, and carry out various cellular activities. To understand what is living, we need to look into the features of a living thing in detail.  

A living thing can maintain the body’s internal environment which is referred to as homeostasis.

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The correct question is,

Identify the word that starts with the letter "L".

(a)Living

(b)Dried

The bacteria would be probable cause of these symptoms is Neisseria meningitidis.

The outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria contributes to their ability to cause disease. In the decades that followed group, B Streptococcus replaced Staphylococcus aureus as the most common Gram-positive bacterium causing early-onset sepsis.GBS and E. coli are currently the most frequently identified organisms.

When someone gets meningococcal sepsis the bacteria enter the bloodstream multiply and damage the walls of blood vessels. This leads to bleeding of the skin and organs. Symptoms may include fever and chills. Meningococcal meningitis is caused by a bacterium known as meningococcus. There are several species or serogroups of meningococci.

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A spore is the cell which is produced on the underside of a fern that can grow into a new fern.

A spore is a cell produced by specific fungi, plants (moss, ferns), and bacteria. Spores play a role in procreation. To protect themselves, certain bacteria produce spores. Spore walls are substantial. They are able to withstand extreme temperatures, humidity, and other environmental factors.

Similar to the function of seeds in the plant kingdom, fungal spores are microscopic biological particles that enable fungi to proliferate.

In plants, meiosis takes place in the sporangium of a diploid sporophyte to create spores, which are typically haploid and unicellular in nature. Under the right circumstances, the spore can divide by mitosis to become a multicellular gametophyte that eventually gives rise to gametes. A zygote created by the fusion of two gametes grows into a new sporophyte.

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Phylogenetics examines the evolutionary history of a species or a group of related species.

Phylogenetics is the study of the evolutionary relationships and histories among individuals, populations, species, or other groups of living things having evolutionary histories (e.g., genes, biochemicals, or developmental mechanisms).

These connections are made using phylogenetic inference techniques that concentrate on heritable qualities that can be observed, including DNA sequences, protein amino acid sequences, or morphology.

Phylogenetics is significant because it improves our comprehension of how genes, genomes, species, and, more broadly, molecular sequences, evolve. It uses information from molecular sequencing (such as homologous sequences, protein sequences, nucleotide sequences, etc.).

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Classification is the method of placing species and/or groups of species into a taxonomic hierarchy.

Classification Used to classify organisms into different categories. This includes descending or ascending category order from Kingdom to Species or vice versa. Domain is the highest rank in the hierarchy, followed by division or kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species. Taxonomy is the science of naming, describing, and classifying living things. , all plants, animals, and microorganisms around the world. Taxonomy is the study of classifying organisms such as animals, plants, microbes and humans into different categories for further study and identification. For example, from a different point of view, humans and whales are her two unrelated creatures. However, both are considered mammals and are taxonomically related. A taxonomy based on his four aspects: characterization, identification, nomenclature and classification. So the correct choice is "characterize, identify, nomenclature, classify".

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The statement is true , physical attack to female cashier by male customer does lead to altercation.

It's difficult to be a fast food customer, and this is not at all  meant as a justification of either person. People can place their orders at many places, have the staff repeat them back to them, and the order will still be incorrect. This can make people angry since they can have the allergies or the other sensitivities. There are the employees that are overworked and underpaid in the meantime. As a result, also tensions may occasionally rise to the surface.

McDonald's recently witnessed another challenging circumstance. This time, a customer had a problem with one of  staff members. To be clear, the incident's triggers are not shown in this film. But it starts out with  employee arguing with the man who appears to be placing the order.

The man reaches over and grabs woman’s shirt. As a result, she  also grabs him, and starts defending herself.

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The development that freed vertebrates from water for reproduction and allowed them to radiate into diverse terrestrial environments was the evolution of amniotic egg.

One of the key evolutionary differences between higher creatures like reptiles, birds, and mammals and amphibians is the amniotic egg, which emerged more than 300 million years ago. Amphibians were only able to live in damp conditions where the eggs could remain moist. The development of the amniotic egg allowed for the spread of animals to diverse terrestrial environments.

The creation of amniotic membranes allowed amniotes to spread out into drier habitats since their embryos had access to their own aquatic environment, which reduced their reliance on water for growth.

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The components amino acids, lipids, and nucleotides are three that are crucial. Our synthesize cells use each to create the more intricate chemicals and structures required for life.

Proteins. One of the most prevalent organic molecules in biological systems, proteins perform the widest variety of roles among all macromolecules.

The initial molecule of life, proteins are essentially the foundation of all other molecules. The majority of molecules in cells are proteins. Proteins make up more than half of a cell's mass if all the water is taken out.

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