Pulmonary Circulation and Systemic Circulation are the types of circulation
1. Pulmonary Circulation:
Pulmonary circulation moves blood between the heart and the lungs. It transports deoxygenated blood to the lungs to absorb oxygen and release carbon dioxide.
The oxygenated blood then flows back to the heart. Systemic circulation moves blood between the heart and the rest of the body. It sends the oxygenated blood out to cells and returns deoxygenated blood to the heart.
2. Fertilization:
Fertilization is a Reproductive process in which a male sex cell (sperm) unites with a female sex cell (egg). During the process, the chromosomes of the egg and sperm will merge to form a zygote, which will divide to form an embryo.
3. Systemic Circulation:
In the systemic loop, oxygenated blood is pumped from the left ventricle of the heart through the aorta, the largest artery in the body.
The blood moves from the aorta through the systemic arteries, then to arterioles and capillary beds that supply body tissues. Here, oxygen and nutrients are released and carbon dioxide and other waste substances are absorbed.
4. Vegetative reproduction:
Vegetative reproduction is any form of asexual reproduction occurring in plants in which a new plant grows from a fragment or cuts off the parent plant or specialized reproductive structures, which are sometimes called vegetative propagules.
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The current Question is:
Write short notes on (i) Pulmonary circulation and (ii) Fertilization (ii) Systemic circulation (iv) Vegetative reproduction.
the concept of inheritance which suggested that the determinants of hereditary traits are transmitted in discrete units from one generation to the next is called inheritance.
A fundamental idea in genetics, genetic inheritance describes how traits are passed down from one generation to the next.
Genetic inheritance happens as a result of DNA being handed from one set of parents to another during conception.The process by which a kid inherits genetic characteristics from its parents is known as genetic inheritance. Each of us is born with particular traits that we cannot change from our parents. These genetic traits are passed down to us through fertilisation, the reproductive process.Depending on the location of the gene and whether one or two normal copies of the gene are required, diseases brought on by mutations in a single gene are typically inherited in a straightforward way.
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If one strand of a DNA double helix has the sequence GTCCAT, what is the sequence of the other strand?
a) CAGGUA
b) TGAACG
c) CAGGTA
d) ACTTGC
If one strand of a DNA double helix seems to have the sequence GTCCAT, the other strand has the sequence CAGGTA.
What is DNA double helix?In genomics, a double helix is a term used to describe the physical structure of DNA. A DNA molecule is composed of two linked strands that wind around each other to form a twisted ladder in the shape of a helix. Each strand has an alternating backbone of sugar (deoxyribose) and phosphate groups.DNA is made up of two linked strands that wind around each other to form a twisted ladder-like structure known as a double helix. Each strand has an alternating backbone of sugar (deoxyribose) and phosphate groups. Each sugar has one of four bases attached to it: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), or thymine (T).DNA and proteins, for example, have a unique and specific ordered structure, such as a right-handed double helix or a single -helix.To learn more about DNA refer to :
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two individuals with the same genotype may not express the same phenotype because gene expression is influenced by:
Because of the interaction between genes and environment, two people with the identical genotype may not exhibit the same phenotype.
How does genotyping work?The term "genotype" broadly refers to an organism's genetic make-up, or, to put it another way, the entire set of its genes. The phrase can also be used more specifically to describe to a gene's alleles, or variant versions, that an organism carries.
Describe genotype through an example.A genotyping is a rating of the kind of variant that is present at a specific locus (i.e., place) in the genome. Symbols are a form of representation. For illustration, BB, Bb, and bb may be used to denote a certain gene variant.
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When two identical copies of a gene are present, you are said to be homozygous for that gene. It contrasts with a heterozygous genotype, in which the alleles are distinct. Everyone who possesses a recessive trait, such as red hair or blue eyes, is homozygous for that gene.
What are Homozygous and Heterozygous ?Refers to a trait that can only be seen in homozygous individuals; it is a trait that is often hidden by other inherited qualities but persists in populations of heterozygous individuals.
When you are heterozygous, you have two distinct alleles as opposed to being homozygous. Each parent gave you a different version of themselves. The dominant allele in a heterozygous genotype prevails over the recessive one. As a result, the dominant trait will manifest.
That could be homozygous dominant or homozygous recessive, AA or aa. A person with two dominant "A" alleles for a certain gene is said to be homozygous dominant for that gene. A person with two recessive "a" alleles, or homozygous recessive, will have the genotype "aa."
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Why must microtubules both assemble and disassemble for mitosis to occur properly?.
The assembly and disassembly of microtubules is necessary for the chromosomes to move to opposite poles during mitosis.
Microtubules are the part of the cytoskeleton that are hollow tube-like in structure. They are dynamic molecules and hence undergo assembly and disassembly. They are essential for cell growth, cell movement and also some signaling events.
Chromosomes are the compact form of packaged DNA. It is comprised of DNA and the histone proteins. A chromosome is composed of two sister chromatids joined together at the centromere. This compact form of DNA is the one that gets transferred from the parent to the offspring.
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these rnas are called noncoding rnas. read carefully to discern a crucial role played by these ncrnas. what is this role
The transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels of gene expression are both regulated by non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). There is proof that some non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) participate in epigenetic processes.
The term "non-coding RNA" refers to which RNA?Abstract. Although RNA that does not encode a protein is often referred to as a non-coding RNA (ncRNA), this does not imply that such RNAs lack information or function.
Which three main categories of non-coding RNA exist?The three main categories of short non-coding RNAs (small ncRNAs) are microRNAs (miRNA), small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), and piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs).
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When you have two different alleles for a trait, the allele that is expressed is known as the ___________ trait while the allele that is masked is known as _________ trait.
When two distinct alleles for a particular trait are present in an individual, the allele which is expressed is known as the dominant trait whereas the allele which is masked is called the recessive trait.
The term 'heterozygous' is used for individuals which possess two different alleles for a particular trait. According to Mendel's law of dominance, traits are regulated by discrete units known as factors or genes. The genes which code for a pair of contrasting traits are called alleles.
The law further states that when two distinct alleles are present for a particular trait, only one of them is able to express itself and is known as the dominant trait while the other is known as the recessive trait.
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Where might you be recognized for an
individual agriculture project that you
take on and complete?
A. the classroom
B. FFA
C. SAE
D. ACC
I need help asap
Which statement about organisms in the fossil record is correct?
O Life originated on beaches, where oceans and land intersect.
OLife originated on land.
Life originated in the oceans.
Life originated both in the oceans and on land
Answer:
life originated in oceand
Explanation:
the firat organisms were bacteria in the ocean that relyed on photosynthesis
Why are there pairs of chromosomes in this karyotype? All BUT ONE answer could apply.
A Humans reproduce via sexual reproduction.Humans reproduce via sexual reproduction.
B This karyotype represents human cells after fertilization.This karyotype represents human cells after fertilization.
C Each individual inherits one of each pair from each parent.Each individual inherits one of each pair from each parent.
D Gametes contain one copy of each chromosome.Gametes contain one copy of each chromosome.
Question 2
Humans reproduce via the reproduction that is taking place in this fertilization that is sexual. Humans reproduce via sexual reproduction.Humans reproduce via sexual reproduction.
What are chromosomes ?These are defined as the thread like structures that are located inside the nucleus of animal and plant cells and these each of them contain DNA and proteins.
This karyotype represents human cells after fertilization.This karyotype represents human cells after fertilization. This is showing that the human cells that are representing the cells of human reproduction. Each individual inherits one of each pair from each parent.Each individual inherits one of each pair from each parent.
Each of the human genome contains 23 pairs of chromosomes where 22 are autosomes as clearly shown in picture and then one last is the sex chromosome pair where it can be XX or XY where XX is the female child and XY is the male child.
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which structure is highlighted? multiple choice auditory ossicles auricle tympanic membrane vestibule semicircular ducts
Semicircular ducts or Semicircular Canals are highlighted.
What are Semicircular Canals?
The semicircular canals are three small fluid-filled tubes in the inner ear that help you balance. Movement of the head causes fluid to splash within the semicircular canals, moving the tiny hairs that line each canal. These hairs translate fluid movement into neural messages sent to the brain. Your brain can tell your body how to maintain balance. When you twist and then stop, the fluid in the semi-circular channel travels a little longer, and the hair continues to send the message that it's spinning even though it's not. That's why you feel dizzy after carnivals and amusement park rides.
Therefore, Semicircular ducts or Semicircular Canals are highlighted.
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in a population, the number of new individuals produced per individual in a defined time period is called the
In a population, the number of new individuals produced per individual in a defined time period is called the birth rate.
The birth rate is the ratio among the wide variety of stay-born births in the 12 months and the average general populace of that year.
For the closing 70 years, fertility rates have decreased worldwide, with a complete 50% decline. Reasons include ladies's empowerment in training and the group of workers, lower infant mortality and the accelerated cost of raising kids.
The social structure, spiritual ideals, financial prosperity and urbanisation within U. S . are probable to affect start fees in addition to abortion fees, advanced international locations tend to have a lower fertility fee due to lifestyle picks related to financial affluence wherein mortality rate are low.
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If dna is damaged or incompletely replicated in s phase, the inhibition of which of these molecules prevents the cell from entering m phase?.
The inhibition of Cdc25 molecule restrains the cell from entering M-phase if DNA is damaged or not completely replicated in S-phase.
Cdc25 molecule is a dual specificity phosphatase cell cycle protein. The Cdc is an abbreviation used for 'Cell division control'. Through the elimination of inhibitory phosphate residues from the target Cdks or Cyclin dependent kinases, Cdc25 molecule regulates entry as well as advancement through several phases of the cell cycle, which includes mitosis as well as S-phase.
The question is incomplete. The complete question is:-
If DNA is damaged or not entirely replicated in S-phase, then the inhibition of which of the following given molecules restrains the cell from entering M-phase?
A) Cdc6
B) Cdc25
C) S-Cdk
D) ORC
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explain EACH phase of cell division (including interphase and mitosis)
The cell cycle's longest phase is called interphase. Before starting mitosis, cell develops and duplicates its DNA in this phase. Chromosomes line up, split, and move into new daughter cells .
What are the four stages of mitosis and what occurs in each?In prophase, the chromosomes get shorter and thicker. chromosomes comes in the middle of the cell, during the metaphase, the chromosomes align. Chromatids break during the anaphase process and move to the opposing poles. Telophase: Two nuclei are formed when nuclear envelopes have reformed around chromosomal group.
Explain the phases of cell division.?There are two different types of cell division, the first of which is vegetative division—also known as mitosis—in which each daughter cell replicates the parent cell.
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The current decline of amphibian populations worldwide has been linked to a ________ fungus.
A chytrid fungus has been connected to the ongoing global fall in frog numbers.
The fungus targets the keratin-containing areas of a frog's skin. Frogs have trouble breathing because they use their skin for respiration. The fungus also weakens the neurological system, which alters the behaviour of the frog. Chytridiomycosis is a condition that some hosts with B. dendrobatidis infection may go on to develop, though not all infected hosts do. Chytridiomycosis may spread through direct host contact or via an intermediary host, although other modes of transmission are currently unknown.
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___ is stored in a fossil fuel, and released in the form of kinetic energy when burned ?
hydrocarbon
I searched it up
the most common form of gene therapy involves inserting a normal gene into cells that contain a defective version of the gene. in order to use gene therapy to prevent a man from passing a defective gene on to future generations, you should try to insert normal copies of the gene into
A healthy gene is inserted into the fertilized egg of an animal that has a particular genetic abnormality as part of germ line gene therapy. Several animal experiments have done this with success.
What type of gene therapy is most typical?The most popular type of gene therapy involves replacing a defective gene with a normal gene that has been inserted. Alternating a defective gene with a functional one is another strategy. repairing a gene that is faulty.
What do you describe a form of gene therapy where cells in the intended organ are given genes?The ability to introduce genetic material (RNA) into the right cell type or tissue is known as somatic gene therapy.
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which of the following is released into the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract? a) pepsinogen b) gastrin c) secretin
Secretin is a gastrointestinal hormone that inhibits intestinal motility and the discharge of gastric acid, and stimulates the secretion of pancreatic fluid.
Secretin has three important functions: law of gastric acid, law of pancreatic bicarbonate, and osmoregulation. The most important physiological moves of secretin are stimulation of pancreatic fluid and bicarbonate secretion. S cells withinside the small gut emit secretin.
Secretin is secreted from S cells withinside the duodenum in reaction to H+ and fatty acids withinside the lumen. Specifically, a pH much less than 4.five indicators arrival of gastric contents, which initiates the discharge of secretin. GLP-1 is likewise produced withinside the small gut and secreted from L cells.
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what do large oval structures, with 15-50 thin concentric layers of flattened schwann cells found at the interface of the reticular and hypodermis, detect?
Fibroblasts, cells found in the connective tissues of the body, make up the hypodermis. These produce collagen proteins, which aid in preserving the body's structural foundation.
The body's bottom layer of skin is called the hypodermis. It serves a variety of crucial roles, including energy storage, tying the muscles and bones beneath the skin's dermis layer to one another, keeping the body warm in a variety of temperatures, and guarding against injury-related harm. The hypodermis shrinks with ageing, the skin begins to sag, and the skin is more susceptible to damage and injury.To know more about hypodermis
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which scenario will most likely result in a change to the nitrogen cycle that negatively affects plant growth?
The most likely outcome of soil acidification is a modification of the nitrogen cycle that will be harmful to plant growth. When soil pH decreases over time, a process known as "soil acidification" occurs.
This process is accelerated by agricultural output, which may have an effect on both the topsoil and the subsoil.
The supply of nutrients, such as nitrogen, may decline if beneficial soil bacteria are prevented from recycling them. The amount of phosphorus available to plants in the soil has decreased, and calcium, magnesium, and molybdenum shortages could also occur. The ability of the plants to use the moisture in the subsoil may be hampered.
Therefore, we may conclude that a situation of soil acidification will almost surely lead to a change in the nitrogen cycle that would adversely influence plant growth.
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Can someone help me please with this I can't do it because i have a lot of work from other classes and this is really important someone pls help me
Answer: can we do this answer in the comments i really cant type half of my pc screen broke
Explanation:
Reasons why we should allow parents to choose some of the genetic qualities.
URGENT NEED HELP
Which results from an increase in the greenhouse effect?
a. continental shifts
b. wildfires
c. volcanic eruptions
d. global warming
Answer:
global warming
Explanation:
The simple greenhouse effect definition is the natural process when gases in the Earth's atmosphere trap the Sun's heat. Since global warming is the overall temperature of the planet in the long-term, that answer would make the most sense.
. an embryo sac is missing the synergids. what specific impact would you expect this to have on fertilization?
The pollen tube will form, but it will not be directed toward the egg to be fertilised.
When the haploid megaspore nucleus divides, an embryo sac is said to form. It has two haploid nuclei and six haploid cells with no cell walls. In some cases, the haploid nuclei join together to form a single cell (endosperm motor cell). At the time of fertilisation, one male nucleus and one egg nucleus combine to form a zygote, which leads to the development of the embryo. The primary endosperm nucleus and the second male nucleus fuse to form the endosperm nucleus. A pollen tube develops into one of the female gametophyte's two synergid cells during the angiosperm fertilisation process.
Cell death occurs in the synergid cell into which the pollen tube grows, either before or after the pollen tube enters this cell. Synergid cells direct pollen tube growth toward the female gametophyte and aid in tube entry into the embryo sac.
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The offspring of two true-breeding parents that differ in a single character are called single-character hybrids, or.
Single-character hybrids, also known as monohybrids, are the offspring of two true-breeding parents who differ in just one character.
Monohybrids did not exhibit an intermediate trait, but rather resembled one of the two parents. The monohybrids show the trait and the trait is disguised when two true-breeding plants that are different in only one characteristic are crossed. The number of traits being studied in the progeny is the primary distinction between monohybrid and dihybrid crosses. One trait is expected to be inherited in a monohybrid cross. Monohybrid crossings occur when the parents are homozygous for the same trait but differ in another characteristic.
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the northern leopard frog, tree frog, and wood frog are all different species of frogs. why is having a scientific name for each species of an organism important for scientists?
These names are significant because they enable clear communication about animal species among people all across the world.
What are the significance of northern leopard frogs?In ponds where it lives, the northern leopard frog is probably a significant indicator of the water's quality. This species is an essential component of the food chain, and tadpoles, which are the main eaters of algae in ponds, can have a big impact.
What distinguishes tree frogs from other frog species?These frogs are most easily recognized by their feet, which have claw-shaped toe bones as their last bone. They can also climb trees thanks to toe pads with small suction cups and extraskeletal structures on their toes. They are available in a number of hues, the most popular being green, gray, or brown.
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scientists have independently suggested which tactic for combating accidentally imposing artificial selection both for pesticide resistance and for altering fish body size?
correct Option is B) Growing crops/fish in separate tanks and enacting different selective pressures to observe evolutionary changes. towards pesticide resistance.
In addition to being feasible, co-farming fish and crops has advantages. Aquaponics is a method whereby excrement that pesticide resistance accumulates in fish tanks is evolutionary changes utilized as fertilizer for plants that are evolutionary changes grown hydroponically. These nutrients are removed from the water by the plants and may then be given back to the fish. After adding the water to your aquarium, you may immediately add plants evolutionary changes . The water will pesticide resistance still be cloudy if there is a substrate. You may always add plants to tanks that have already been constructed.
The complete question is :
Scientists have independently suggested which tactic for combating accidentally imposing artificial selection both for pesticide resistance and for altering fish body size?
A. Using a suite of different harvest strategies at once, such as pole-and-line fishing AND nets, and harvesting crops using equipment like combines AND hand picking
B. Growing crops/fish in separate tanks and enacting different selective pressures to observe evolutionary changes
C. Retaining areas where harvesting does not occur, which allows genetic diversity to be maintained in those areas
D. Harvesting both fish and crops when they are medium sized
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explain how ectotherms deal with the fact that many enzymes have a fairly narrow range for optimal performance.
The majority of animals must keep their internal body temperatures within a relatively small range. Endotherms keep their bodies warm by producing heat within.
Ectotherms control metabolism in what ways?Animals that employ metabolic heat production to maintain a steady body temperature are known as ectotherms. Instead, their body temperature varies in accordance with the ambient temperature.
Ectothermic species control their body temperatures in what ways?Ectotherms, on the other hand, depend on behavior to control their body temperature. To cool off or warm up, they must move their bodies toward the sun or shade. In comparison to ongoing metabolic regulation, this uses less energy. This explains why many reptiles and other ectotherms may consume a substantial meal once and then go for a while without eating.
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before a cell divided (mitosis or meiosis) a copy of each chromosome is made during the process of:
Answer:
Interphase
Then, at a critical point during interphase (called the S phase), the cell duplicates its chromosomes and ensures its systems are ready for cell division. If all conditions are ideal, the cell is now ready to move into the first phase of mitosis.
Histamine released by mast cells leads to all of the following symptoms except:
Capillary dilation
Airway constriction
High fever
Mucus secretion
Itching
The following symptoms are all caused by histamine generated by mast cells, with the exception of extreme fever
What occurs when histamine is released by mast cells?Histamine and other substances are released into the bloodstream by mast cells when they find an allergen, which is a material that causes an allergic reaction.Histamine causes the skin to become itchy and puffy around the blood vessels to dilate.Additionally, it might result in a buildup of mucus in the airways, which narrows them.Histamine and other vasoactive chemicals are released by mast cells, resulting in urticaria (hives).Angioedema may result if the antigen activates deeper tissue mast cells.Eczema or atopic dermatitis may develop if the reaction lasts a long time.To learn more about Histamine released by mast cells leads refer to:
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