Answer:Learning Objectives
Define phylogeny.
Name the 3 Domains of the 3 Domain system of classification and recognize a description of each.
Name the four kingdoms of the Domain Eukarya and recognize a description of each.
Define horizontal gene transfer.
The Earth is 4.6 billion years old and microbial life is thought to have first appeared between 3.8 and 3.9 billion years ago; in fact, 80% of Earth's history was exclusively microbial life. Microbial life is still the dominant life form on Earth. It has been estimated that the total number of microbial cells on Earth on the order of 2.5 X 1030 cells, making it the major fraction of biomass on the planet.
Phylogeny refers to the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The Three Domain System, proposed by Woese and others, is an evolutionary model of phylogeny based on differences in the sequences of nucleotides in the cell's ribosomal RNAs (rRNA), as well as the cell's membrane lipid structure and its sensitivity to antibiotics. Comparing rRNA structure is especially useful. Because rRNA molecules throughout nature carry out the same function, their structure changes very little over time. Therefore similarities and dissimilarities in rRNA nucleotide sequences are a good indication of how related or unrelated different cells and organisms are.
There are various hypotheses as to the origin of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Because all cells are similar in nature, it is generally thought that all cells came from a common ancestor cell termed the last universal common ancestor (LUCA). These LUCAs eventually evolved into three different cell types, each representing a domain. The three domains are the Archaea, the Bacteria, and the Eukarya.
Explanation: copy right
neurons are specialized to send stimuli to the brain, whereas ___ neurons send signals to the effectors of the nervous system.
The neurons are specialized to send stimuli to the brain, whereas _sensory neurons send signals to the effectors of the nervous system.Sensory (afferent) neurons – afferent neurons are specialised to stumble on stimuli and transmit the statistics to CNS.
Neurons ship and get hold of electric indicators to talk with every different withinside the fearful device and with different styles of cells withinside the frame, specially muscle mass. At one cease, neurons have branch-like projections referred to as dendrites that permit them to get hold of indicators.
For example, sensory neurons ship statistics from the eyes, ears, nose, tongue, and pores and skin to the mind. Motor neurons convey messages farfar from the mind to the relaxation of the frame to permit muscle mass to move. Sensory afferent neurons deliver statistics from tissues and organs into the principal fearful device. Efferent neurons transmit indicators from the principal fearful device to the effector cells and are on occasion referred to as motor neurons.
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The body loses water in a variety of ways. Put the water output mechanisms in order from greatest contribution to fluid loss (1) to least contribution to fluid loss (4) per day.
The maximum to minimum body water loss occurs by: Urine production, Skin losses, Lung respiration and minimum by Feces
What are the ways in which body loses water ?Through breathing, sweating, and peeing, the body continuously loses water. You become dehydrated if you don't drink enough water or other liquids.
The majority of fluid loss happens through the stools, sweat, and urine, but it's not only those things. The quantity of body fluid lost daily through the skin, respiratory system, and water in the feces that cannot be readily measured is known as insensible fluid loss.
Physical exercise also influences increased respiratory water loss due to the increased expiratory volume and frequency of breathing. Various environmental elements like temperature, humidity, radiation, and atmospheric pressure mostly affect sweating and urine water loss.
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Which of the following cranial nerves is mispaired?A. trochlearB. opticC. facialD. abducensE. accessory
The cranial nerve which is not correctly paired is (D) Abducens-V.
Cranial nerves are those nerves which originate precisely from the brain. By convention, there are twelve pairs of cranial nerves that are present in the brain. The Abducens nerve is the sixth (VI) cranial nerve. It is associated with one's ability to move the eyes. The Trigeminal nerve is the fifth (V) cranial nerve.
The question is incomplete. The complete question is:-
Which one among the following cranial nerves is not paired correctly ?
(A) Trochlear - IV
(B) Optic - II
(C) Facial - VII
(D) Abducens - V
(E) Accessory - XI
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If your instructor asked you to trace the process of urine formation, which of the following identifies the steps in the correct order?
Glomerular filtration occurs first and then reabsorption and secretion occur simultaneously
Three phases are involved in the production of urine: Glomerular filtration occurs through the semipermeable and glomerulus and glomerulus capsule.
What are the four steps in the creation of urine?Plasma is the first step in four fundamental procedures that create urine.
Filtration.
Reabsorption.
In the distal tubule and collecting duct, hormones regulate reabsorption, regulating the pace at which sodium and water are transported based on systemic circumstances.
Secretion.
Excretion.
Give a brief description of each of the four urinary tract structures?Organs that filter blood to produce urine include two kidneys. the organ that houses the bladder and stores urine. Your two ureters, or tubes, join your kidneys and bladder. the tube that joins your bladder to the outside of your body, the urethra.
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6. The drawings below represent three different birds. The beak shape makes it easy for
each bird to obtain food in a different way.
The differences in beak shape are examples of
(1 point)
0000
camouflage
dynamic equilibrium
competition
biological adaptation
The differences in beak shape are examples of the biological adaptation of the birds to obtain food.
What is biological adaptation?Biological adaptation is a characteristic of an organism's phenotypic traits in relation to environmental selection pressures. Adaptive features are those that have form and function characteristics that enable the organism to successfully sustain the synergy between a feature's biological purpose and a stated selection force. The quantity of energy required to sustain the synergy can be used to gauge how well an adaptation is working, with lower energy requirements suggesting better adaptation.
What is a beak?An external anatomical feature called the beak, bill, or rostrum is usually present in birds but can also be seen in turtles, non-avian dinosaurs, a few mammals, and other animals. To eat, groom, manipulate things, kill prey, battle, probe for food, court, and feed young, an animal uses its beak.
Hence, the differences in beak shape are examples of the biological adaptation of the birds to obtain food.
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Discuss how crossing-over leads to greater variability of phenotypes. list when and where it occurs in your answer.
The exchange of chromosomal segments between nonsister chromatids during meiosis is known as crossing over or recombination. Genetic diversity is increased by the cross-over of novel gene combinations that do not exist in either parent in the gametes.
Where does the crossing take place?When homologous chromosomes are fully coupled during the pachytene stage of meiosis, crossing-over takes place. Chiasmata, which retain the two homologs of a bivalent together until segregation at anaphase I, are apparent as the sites of crossing-over at diplotene, when homologs split.
To boost genetic variety, a process called crossing over takes place between homologous chromosomes. An exchange of chromosomal segments occurs during crossing over. The outcome is a hybrid chromosome with a distinctive genetic material pattern.
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The approach that uses information from genome projects to understand genetic variation among different populations is called ______________ genomics.
Answer:
Comparative
Explanation:
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Which of the following can be a challenge when implementing a green space? (1 point)
O making sure no buildings are around it
O making sure there are enough sidewalks
O making sure it is not shaded
O making sure access is equitable
Answer: D. making sure access is equitable
Explanation: When implementing a green space, one of the challenges can be ensuring equitable access. It is important to make sure that the green space is easily accessible to all members of the community, regardless of their location or socioeconomic status. This can involve factors such as the proximity of the green space to residential areas, public transportation options, and the presence of sidewalks or pathways that allow people to reach the green space safely.
What role does correctly giving credit to the real researcher play in any academic writing?
To prevent plagiarism in your writing, sources must be properly cited. When ideas, facts, and language you use were actually written by another author, improper citation of sources could give the impression that they are your own. Plagiarism is more than simply using another author's words verbatim.
How significant is it when writing an academic paper to properly credit the original author?Why citing is crucial. For several reasons, it's crucial to cite the sources you used for your study: by citing the sources you used to gather your information, you can convince your audience that you did thorough research. to acknowledge the work of other scholars and give them due credit for their contributions.
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What primary consumers live in the Colorado plateau, what do they eat?
Answer:
Primary consumers make up the second level of the food pyramid and are also known as herbivores. They eat only primary producers such as plants or algae and nothing else. Their main predators are secondary consumers or sometimes also intermediate predators and top predators.
please help Conduct online research on a coastline nearby or any coastline of your choice and describe the geological process of the coastline. Add a note on how these features affects the lives of people living in the area.
Seacoasts are land. Coastlines are where land meets water. Waves, tides, and currents form coasts. Waves degrade land. For example: Great Ocean Road, Australia.
What is a coastline?The coastline is the area of a shoreline where land and water converge. Coastlines are shaped in part by currents, tides, and waves. The ground is eroded or worn away when waves crash upon the shore.
Coastal regions can be divided into four categories: emergent, submergent, discordant, and concordant. Submergent beaches have sunk below the water, while emerging coastlines have protruded from it.
Beaches, mudflats, cliffs, and caverns are just a few of the many varied characteristics of coasts. These coastal characteristics are shaped by tides, waves, and water currents (flow). Glaciers, which are massive rivers of ice, and volcanic lava flow both alter some beaches.
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the fact that the human brain is not completely developed at birth means that___greatly influence(s) human brain development.
The fact that the human brain is not completely developed at birth means that environment greatly influence(s) human brain development.
Human brain development is a complex procedure and unlike other organs, the human brain is not completely developed at the time of birth.
Apart from the development inside the mother, the environment also has a major influence on the development of the human brain.
This is the reason, the brain of each person is influenced by the exposure to the environment that he gets. The development of the cognitive brain is associated with various environmental aspects of society. Hence, not all of the brain of a person has been developed at the time of birth.
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For which of the following conditions would you MOST likely encounter a ventricular peritoneum shunt?
you MOST likely encounter a ventricular peritoneum shunt in hydrocephalus.
Another way to treat hydrocephalus is ventriculopleural diversion (VPLS), which diverts additional cerebrospinal fluid into the pleural space. Pleural effusion develops and accumulates as a result of an imbalance between CSF production and absorption.
How long does a ventriculoperitoneal shunt last?After several years, especially in younger children, the VP shunt may need to be replaced. The life expectancy of a newborn shunt is her two years. Adults or children 2 years and older may not need shunt replacement for 8 years or longer.
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what is an omnivore and a carnivore and herbivore
The energy required for the chemical reaction of 21.7 grams of nitrogen to produce ammonia is
kilojoules.
The energy required for the chemical reaction of 21.7 grams of nitrogen to produce ammonia is -71.1 KJ/mol.
What is a chemical reaction?A chemical reaction is the process which involves a change in the chemical composition of compounds. It involves formation of new chemical bonds between atoms.
In this case, since the formation of ammonia by starting with nitrogen and therefore hydrogen is:
N₂ + 3H₂ ⇒ 2NH₃
This chemical reaction has energy:
ΔfH(NH₃) = -45.90 KJ/ mol
We can compute the energy required for this chemical reaction by first computing the moles of ammonia yielded by 21.7 grams of nitrogen (28.02 g/mol) via stoichiometry:
nNH₃ = 21.7 N₂ × 1 mol N₂/ 28.02g N₂ × 2 mol NH₃/ 1 mol N₂ = 1.55 mol NH₃
Thus, the energy turns out:
Q = n NH₃ ΔfH(NH₃) = 1.55 mol NH₃ × -45.90 KJ/ mol
Q = -71.1 KJ
Hence, the ΔH of the chemical equation will be = -71.1 KJ/mol
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5. This discovery has been turned into a gene editing tool (CRISPR). Describe
how it works. (You need to listen to quite a bit of the podcast to understand
this)
Answer:
CRISPR is a genome editing tool that edits DNA
Explanation:
When genetic and environmental effects contribute independently to phenotype, the total variance equals the ________________ of the genotypic variance and the environmental variance.
When genetic and environmental effects contribute independently to phenotype, the total variance equals the Sum of the genotypic variance and the environmental variance.
What is genotypic variance ?Genotypic variation, which results from genetic mutation, gene flow, or anything that happened during meiosis, is the variance in genotypes between individuals of the same species or between species.The English biologist and statistician Ronald Fisher introduced the idea of genetic variance in his foundational theorem of natural selection.Phenotype:The term phenotype describes an individual's observable characteristics, such as height, eye color, and blood type. Both a person's genomic make-up (genotype) and environmental circumstances affect their phenotype.
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which the following sexual transmitted infections (stis) has a long asymptomatic latent phase characteristic?
Syphilis is a sexual transmitted infections (STI) has a long asymptomatic latent phase characteristic.
Syphilis Causes and SymptomsSyphilis is caused by a bacterial infection Treponema pallidum which is spread through sexual contact with lion king sufferers. The syphilis-causing bacteria can also be spread through physical contact with wounds on the sufferer's body.
Symptoms of syphilis are classified according to the stage of development of the disease. Each type of syphilis has different symptoms. Here is the explanation:
Primary syphilisThis type of syphilis is characterized by sores (chancres) where the bacteria enter.
Secondary syphilisThis type of syphilis is characterized by the appearance of a rash on the body.
Latent syphilisSyphilis does not cause symptoms, but the bacteria are present in the patient's body.
Tertiary syphilisSyphilis can cause damage to the brain, nerves, heart or other organs.
Syphilis Treatment and PreventionTreatment of syphilis will be more effective if done at an early stage. During the treatment period, sufferers are advised not to have sex, until the doctor makes sure the infection has healed.
Syphilis can be prevented by practicing safe sex, namely being faithful to one sexual partner and using a condom every time you have sex. In addition, examination or screening for syphilis also needs to be carried out routinely for people who are at high risk of experiencing this disease.
Your question is incomplete but most probably your full question was:
Which the following sexual transmitted infections (STIS) has a long asymptomatic latent phase characteristic?
a. Gonorrhea
b. Syphilis
c. Chlamydia
d. Hepatitis B
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Genes contain the keys for constructing
purines
nucleosomes
proteins
pyrimidines
Answer:
proteins
Explanation:
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Answer: The answer is C. Proteins
Explanation:
To be effective at helping the sugar from the blood move into the cells, insulin (which is a protein) should be taken orally sublingually by injection sub-Q (subcutaneously - under the skin), by injection IM (into the muscle).
To be effective at helping the sugar from the blood move into the cells, Insulin should be taken BY INJECTION SUB - Q (SUBCUTANEOUSLY - UNDER THE SKIN) .
Your pancreas secretes the hormone insulin, which regulates the level of glucose in your bloodstream at any given time. It also aids in the storage of glucose in your muscles, fat, and liver. Finally, it controls how proteins, lipids, and carbs are metabolized by your body. Sound significant? That is true, after all.
"Your body cannot produce any fat or store glucose in your muscles or liver without normal insulin activity. An endocrinologist, claims that the fat actually breaks down and creates keto acids among other things. If these acids' concentrations rise too high, a potentially lethal disease known as diabetic ketoacidosis may result from the imbalance. Many diabetics who take insulin inject it into themselves using a syringe. Lines on the outside of the syringe indicate how much medication is in the needle. With the assistance of your doctor, you can select from a variety of syringe sizes.
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This makes up the ribosomal subunits and reads the mRNA.
a. ribosome
b. rna polymerase
c. rRNA
d. tRNA
e. mRNA
tRNA makes up the ribosomal sub units and reads the mRNA as it is made up of two sub units where the mRNA is attached to the lower unit and it reads the mRNA that is doing proof reading as well.
What is the full form of tRNA ?
The full form of tRNA is transfer RNA.
Ribosome is the unit of the cell that is responsible for the protein synthesis and these make up the cells' proteins. rna polymerase is responsible for synthesising the RNA strand and continuing the synthesis.
tRNA is the transfer RNA that containsw the two ribosomal subunits where the two of the units are joined together and on the lower unit is the mRNA attached to which the amino acid synthesis take place and that reading is done by the tRNA is done in order to check the pattern as per the instructions.
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what are 3 requirements for a trait to become more common over time in a population ?
The three requirements for a trait to become more common over time in a population area;
inbreeding among the populationno random selection of genesno immigration of species occurWhat are traits?Traits are qualities or characteristics that are shared between living organisms as a result of the transfer of these traits from parents to offspring.
Traits are determined by genes.
Genes are the basic unit of inheritance. Genes are regions of DNA that code for a particular product.
The combination of the genes present in an organism is responsible for the traits that are observed in organisms.
The combination of genes in an organism is known as the genotype whereas the observable traits in an organism is known as the phenotype.
Genes for a particular trait in an organism have alternate forms known as alleles. When an organism has similar copies of the allele for a trait, the organism is said to be homozygous for that trait, but when an organism has different alleles for a trait, the organism is said to be heterozygous for that trait.
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Plant tissues are made of three basic types of cells: parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma.
Which of the following statements is true about all plant cells:
O They do not have nucleus
O They do not have a cell membrane
O They have a cell wall
O They have the same functions
Answer: The following statements are true about plant cells-
-They have a cell wall
-They have the same functions
Explanation:
A cell wall is present in a plant cell to keep its structure and rigidity. They are made from cellulose.
All plant cells have a nucleus, ribosomes, mitochondria and cell membrane and they all have the same functions as they would have in an animal cell.
Statement 1 is false as plant cells are eukaryotic, which means they have a nucleus.
Statement 2 is also false because a plant cell needs a cell membrane to separate the vacuole and the organelles.
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find the p-wave that travels the distance below
In order to be able to complete the above task, that is, deriving the time taken for the P-wave to travel the distances given, further information is required such as a graph showing the time-distance graph. See the example attached.
What is an example showing how to derive the distance traveled by a p-wave?For example, the accompanying graph shows that if the epicenter of an earthquake is 4000 kilometers away, the P-wave will arrive 7 minutes later. That means the first tremors will be felt at your position 7 minutes after the rupture at the epicenter.
Remember that P-waves are one of the two primary forms of elastic body waves, often known as seismic waves in seismology. Because P waves move quicker than other seismic waves, they are the first to reach at any afflicted area or seismograph following an earthquake. P waves may travel through gases, liquids, and solids.
A P-wave's velocity can be represented as:
P wave velocity = ((B + 1.3G)/Density)1/2,
where:
B is the bulk modulus, which is the resistance to volume change; and G is the Shear modulus, which is the resistance to form change.Learn more about P-waves;
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Taigas, tundras, and tropical rainforests share what common abiotic component?
Responses
freezing temperatures
freezing temperatures
a lot of sunlight
a lot of sunlight
nutrient-poor soil
nutrient-poor soil
little precipitation
Answer:
A lot of sunlight
Explanation:
Although taigas and tundra's have colder climates, they receive a lot of indirect sunlight. Tropical rainforests receive a lot of sunlight as well.
22. What is the central iden of "A Brief History of DDT"?
ects. but its harmful effects led to limited use.
B. Rachel Carson was attacked by the chemical Kennedy defended her.
C. Pesticides such as DDT cause liver tumors in mice and cancer in humans.
D. If it hadn't been for Rachel Carson, farmers would still be spraying their crops with DDT:
Pesticides such as DDT cause liver tumors in mice and cancer in humans.
what is DDT ?
The first of the current synthetic pesticides, DDT (dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane), was created in the 1940s. Malaria, typhus, and other human illnesses spread by insects were the first to be successfully treated with it in both military and civilian populations. Additionally, it worked well to control insects in houses, institutions, gardens, dwellings, and crop and livestock production. Due to DDT's widespread usage and early effectiveness as a pesticide in the US and other nations, many insect pest species have developed resistance to it.
DDT is:
a substance that is known to be extremely persistent in the environment, builds up in fatty tissues, and
in the high atmosphere, may travel great distances.
Although the concentration of DDT in the environment and animals has dropped since it was no longer used in the United States, residual danger from earlier usage is still present due to its persistence.
Concerns about hazards to the environment, wildlife, and public health led to the EPA's 1972 prohibition. A possible causal link between DDT exposure and reproductive impacts is also postulated.
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help me please hurry up fr :(
Answer:
Ex3. The top squares are both Tt and the bottom squares are both tt. The probably of the offspring being a homozygous recessive is 50%.
Ex4. The difference between phenotype and genotype is that genotype is the exact genetic information while phenotype is the observable trait of the organism. For the example above, the genotype would be the Tt and tt while the 2 phenotypes would be showing the dominant or the recessive.
Explanation:
HELPPPP PLS: Give an example of how the lack of sunlight can affect interactions between living/non-living things.
The interaction between living things and non-living things can be seen in a situation where a lack of sunlight affects the rate at which evaporation of water which results in rainfall cannot occur, and plants and animals are unable to obtain water for their growth and metabolism.
What are living and non-living things?Living things are things that have life in them. They include plants and animals. The characteristics of life that living things possess include:
movementrespirationnutritionreproductiongrowthexcretionIrritabilityNon-living things are things that do not have life in them. Examples of non-living things include rocks, water, and gases.
Living things and non-living things interact with each other in the environment.
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Which of the following is the best explanation of why it is difficult to discriminate the color of an object at night?
Rods contain a single kind of visual pigment.
Cones come in three types, each sensitive to different wavelengths of light.
The foveae are densely packed with cones.
As many as 100 cones may converge on one ganglion cell.
The response is A. Cones occur in three varieties, each of which is sensitive to a particular range of light wavelengths.
Cones are the three different types of light-detecting cells found in the eyes. Green is the color that is easiest to notice throughout the day because light & color travel in waves.
Several of the cones are "less active" in the absence of daylight, which makes colors harder to discern. As a result, yellow is easier to notice at night since there is less light to aid in color perception.
Cone and rod cells can be found in the retina. We can see in low light thanks to our rod cells, and we can perceive color thanks to our cone cells.
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which of the following iucn conservation categories would be a priority for protection of a species, compared to others?
920 species have been prioritized as being Endangered or Critically Endangered (IUCN) AND limited to a single remaining location, including mammals, birds, amphibians, reptiles, conifers, and reef-building corals.
Explain about the IUCN?The IUCN is the foremost authority on the state of nature and the steps that must be taken to protect it. Its expertise are divided into six Commissions: one for ecosystem management, one for social and economic policy, one for environmental law, one for protected areas, and one for education and communication.
The IUCN has grown to be the world's foremost authority on the state of the natural world and the steps that must be taken to protect it since its founding in 1948. For human advancement, economic development, and nature conservation to occur simultaneously, the information and resources that IUCN offers are essential.
The International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), officially known as the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources and formerly known as the World Conservation Union, is a network of environmental organizations.
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