Answer:
The correct order is:
1.- pyruvate and thiamine pyrophosphate react form hydroxyethyl-TPP, CO2 is released
2.- an acetyl group is added to a coenzyme bound to PDH, forming acetyl-dihydrolipoamide
3.- the acetyl group is transferred to CoA, forming acetyl-CoA
4.- the reduced coenzyme bound to PDH is reoxidized using electrons from FAD
5.- electrons from FADH2 are transferred to NAD+ forming NADH and H+
Explanation:
Pyruvate reacts with thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) on the complex enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1). This process cleaves CO2 and generates acetaldehyde bound to TPP or hydroxyethylamine. E2 is Dihydrolipoyl-transacetylase and has Lipoamide attached. In the transfer from E1 to E2, the hydroxyethyl is oxidized to acetyl, at the same time that the disulfide bridge of the lipoamide is reduced to dihydro-lipoamide, although as this is acetylated, the product is acetyl-dihydrolipoamide. Acetyl group of acetyl-lipoamide (thio-acyl bond) is transferred to CoA-SH, to form Acetyl-S-CoA (thio-acyl bond).Acetyl-CoA is released into the mitonchondrial matrix. Lipoamide is reduced as Dihydro-lipoamide. The last reaction is catalyzed by dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase, where it is reestablished in the disulfide bond of lipoamide to make it reactive again. For this, FAD is used as an intermediate, which is reduced to FADH2 and oxidizes the sulfides (which are then linked again). Finally, FADH2 reacts with NAD, which is reduced to NADH and H+ released, restoring FAD for a new reaction.
What is biology of brown rat?
Bison in Yellowstone National Park have a food-limited carrying capacity that determines how their population grows. If the population grows too large, some bison will either starve or migrate to search for more food. The park is able to support a maximum population of 4,500 bison. Park conservation officials must watch the population and prevent the bison from overpopulating, since they would migrate to nearby farms, causing agricultural damage and creating hazards to drivers. The bison begin to migrate when the population reaches 4,000 because of competition for food. If the current population size of bison is 3,652 and the maximum growth rate of the population is 0.28, calculate the population size after one year and determine whether the park will need to take measures to control the population.
A. The population will be 3,845 after a year. The bison will not pose a problem until the following year, and no conservation action will need to take place.
B. The population will be 4,675 after a year. Some bison will need to be removed to prevent migration, since they will surpass the resource availability.
C. The population will be 1,023 after a year, since the growth rate is too low. Conservation efforts will need to focus on increasing the bison population.
D. The population will be 4,500 after a year. The bison cannot exceed the carrying capacity, so they will stop reproducing. Some bison will need to be removed.
Answer:
A. The population will be 3,845 after a year. The bison will not pose a problem until the following year, and no conservation action will need to take place.
Explanation:
The exposed example refers to a population that exhibits a logistic growth model, Where the principal limiting factor is food availability
N is the total size of the populationNt the population size after a T timeK the carrying capacityr the population growth rate per capitaWhen N < K the population has not reached the maximum size that can be supported by the environment. It can increase in size.
When N = K the population has reached the maximum size that can be supported by the environment. It can not grow anymore. The population reached a maximum point delimited by available resources, such as food
When N > K the population has supered the maximum size that can be supported by the environment. It must decrease in size. because there are not enough resources.
To calculate the population size after one year, we need to use the following equation.
N t+1= Nt+rN(1-N/K)
Available data:
K = 4500
N = 3652
r = 0.28
Nm= 4000
N/K = 3652/4500 = 0.8115
r.N = 0.28 x 3652 = 1022.56
N t+1= Nt+rN(1-N/K)
N t+1= 3652+1022.56(1-0.8115)
N t+1= 3652+1022.56(0.1885)
N t+1= 3652+192.753
N t+1= 3844.75
rounding up to 3845
Body Mass Reduction
At the end of the countercurrent flow, Anthony's mass had decreased to reach the goal.
What caused the decrease in Anthony's mass?
Answer: water is removed during dialysis therefore the excess water decreased his mass.
Explanation:
Answer:
water is removed during dialysis therefore the excess water decreased his mass.
Explanation:
a.
What is a possible cause for a decrease in ecosystem productivity?
an increase in the biodiversity of the ecosystem
b. a decrease of the biodiversity of an ecosystem
C. the biodiversity of an ecosystem experiencing no change
d. an ecosystem becoming more stable
A decrease of the biodiversity of an ecosystem is one of the prime cause for a reduction in ecosystem productivty.
What is ecosystem productivity?Productivity in ecology signifies towards the rate of generation of biomass in an ecosystem. Generally it is articulated in units of mass per volume per unit time. A decrease in biodiversity is one of the major cause of a decrease in ecosystem productivity.
The loss of biodiversity generally takes place by five prime factors:
Invasive speciesHabitat lossOverexploitationClimate changePollutionA reduction in biodiversity results in a decrease in the stability of the ecosystem. As a change to one organism will exhibit a greater influence on the entire ecosystem.
Thus, the correct answer is option b.
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Answer: B
Explanation: edge 2020
Sexual reproduction is important for the survival of the species. It is important for ALL BUT ONE of
these reasons. That is
A.causes new mutations to occur in the offspring.
B.it is more beneficial for the species than the individual (correct answer, your response)
C.promotes genetic variability among offspring.
D.it is necessary for the survival of the individual.
Answer:
A. The mutations of species can affect the animal by a large amount. Especially if the animal is prey for other animals.
Which is one factor that describes a Mediterranean climate?
has many trees
is found in inland areas
has cool and rainy winters
has little to no precipitation
Answer:
C
Explanation:
<3
Mediterranean climate has cool and rainy winters. Therefore, option C is correct.
What is the Mediterranean climate?Mediterranean climate, a major Köppen climatic type with hot, dry summers and cool, wet winters, is found on the western sides of the continents between 30° and 45° latitude north and south of the equator. Seasonal changes occur because of changes in ocean currents.
Strong wind systems, severe precipitation, Mediterranean cyclones, and a significant seasonal difference in temperature and rainfall are some of the distinctive regional characteristics of the Mediterranean climate. This climate has only two seasons and that is summer and winter. Winters are shorter than summer.
Thus, the Mediterranean climate has cool and rainy winters. Therefore, option C is correct.
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What is global warming
Global warming is the unusually rapid increase in Earth's average surface temperature over the past century primarily due to the greenhouse gases released by people burning fossil fuels.
hope this helps ^^
Explain how the biogeochemical cycle are essential for life.
Because Earth has limited materials and room for deceased creatures, biogeochemical cycles are vital to life and ecosystems. Biogeochemical cycles transport and store these chemicals for living creatures.
What are biogeochemical cycle?Because there is a finite quantity of stuff on earth and a certain amount of room for dead species as well, biogeochemical cycles are crucial for life and significant to ecosystems. Additionally, biogeochemical cycles are crucial because they move and store these chemicals so that living things may use them.
The flow of nutrients and other elements between biotic and abiotic forces is referred to as "biogeochemical cycles" in most cases. The words "bio" and "geo," which refer to the biosphere, "geo" and "chemical," which refer to the elements that flow through a cycle, are the roots of the phrase "biogeochemical."
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When lizabeth remembers the marigolds, what emotions does she feel?
which animal listed below would complete this food chain?
grass ⇒ __________
A. snake
B. lion
C. hawk
D. cow
Answer:
D
Explanation:
Cows eat grass
Does our galaxy have a Moon?
Answer:
yes, our outer space has a moon
Wind moving in the Southern Hemisphere will change direction to the left ?
True or false
Answer:
True
Explanation:
But because the Earth rotates, circulating air is deflected. Instead of circulating in a straight pattern, the air deflects toward the right in the Northern Hemisphere and toward the left in the Southern Hemisphere, resulting in curved paths. This deflection is called the Coriolis effect.
Answer:
true
Explanation:
How could biotechnology lead to a decrease in the use of pesticides?
Plants can be genetically engineered through the use of biotechnology to be less susceptible to insects. This trait will make pesticide use less necessary.
This is the sample answer on edge.
This method combines the genetic productivity enhancement of plants with the management of their hazardous organisms.
How is biotechnology used?Typically, agricultural biotechnology is utilized to boost plant production productivity to reduce the use of pesticides.
In agriculture by applying biotechnology, pest management and the use of pesticides will be reduced for modified plants.
The emergence of insect-resistant plants will be accelerated by technological advancements, and with an improved grasp of biotechnological processes, the acceptance of biotechnology goods might grow.
Therefore to reduce paste management and make crop resisitance for paste biotechnology is used.
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Which would most likely contribute to better digestion and respiration?
Answer: Energy is released when bonds in the food molecules are broken during digestion.
Explanation:
Which of these organisms can make glucose?
A. Human
B. Mushroom
C. Poison Ivy
D. Sea slug
Poison Ivy. They are plants and can make their own food aka Glucose.
What happens in an endothermic reaction?
Answer:
In endothermic reactions, more energy is absorbed when the bonds in the reactants are broken than is released when new bonds are formed in the products. Endothermic reactions are accompanied by a decrease in temperature of the reaction mixture.
Question 4
If you have a cell that has a higher concentration of water inside the cell than
outside the cell, which direction will the water move?
1.Outside
2.Neither (I already tried this one it’s incorrect)
3.Inside
What is one specific example of negative feedback in the human urinary system?
Answer:
Without ADH the kidneys will not save as much water and you produce large volumes of dilute urine. The level of water in your blood falls back to the typical level.
Explanation:
As the level of water in the blood falls, negative feedback makes sure that the amount of ADH will rise.
The membrane is stiffened in some spots, decreasing its fluidity, by the process of _______ molecules
please help my little sibling fr needs it . thank u !
Answer:
1 is C
2 is A
3 is B
Explanation:
1 - the cow is breathing and releases carbon dioxide the tree absorbs it and releases oxygen
2 - the cow Is breathing that's why it releases carbon dioxide
3 - the human takes in oxygen but breaths out carbon dioxide
Plz the answer quickly
Answer:
d. Pluripotency markers
Explanation:
Pluripotency can be defined as the capacity of individual cells to differentiate into any cell type. Pluripotent transcription factors are pluripotent proteins that promote the differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) into stem/progenitor cells by inducing the expression of target genes, which are also capable of maintaining their pluripotent state. For example, SOX2, OCT4 and NANOG are pluripotent transcription factors highly expressed in ESCs in order to maintain the pluripotent state of these cells.
What gas in the atmosphere helps to protect us from that radiation
Answer:
ozone
Explanation:
All living organisms on the earth are protected from the harmful radiation coming from the sun by the ozone gas present in the stratosphere. Ozone gas is formed by the action of sunlight only oxygen of the air in the atmosphere.
Answer:
ozone gas
Explanation:
• Describe the distribution of electrons around the nucleus of an atom
Answer:
Viewed simply, electrons are arranged in shells around an atom's nucleus. Electrons closest to the nucleus will have the lowest energy. Electrons further away from the nucleus will have higher energy. ... In a more realistic model, electrons move in atomic orbitals, or subshells.
Explanation:
Which best describes eras and periods?
Eras and periods both appear at the start of the Cambrian period.
In geological time scale, period is the fundamental unit.
Few periods combine to form an Era.
Few Eras combine to form an Eon.
Time period before the Cambrian period (which is the first period in Paleozoic era) is generally termed as 'Precambrian' time. Classification of time scale as periods and eras began at the start of Cambrian period.
Answer:
The answer is C.
Explanation:
Eras and periods both appear at the start of the Cambrian period.
What factors limit and control the cell cycle?
Answer:
Many cell cycle control factors, mainly cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CKIs). Cyclins and Cdks activate cell cycle factors that are essential for the start of the next cell cycle phase.
Explanation:
Hope this helps
Which of the following are made of carbohydrates? (Check all that apply)
Vegetables
Bread
Fruit
Sticks
Butter
Bacon
The following are made of carbohydrates are ;
VegetablesBreadFruitButterWhat are Carbohydrates?Carbohydrates are the biomolecules that act as the primary sources of energy. When the body requires instant energy the biomolecule that is first consumed is a carbohydrate.
Vegetables are a rich source of carbohydrates for example potatoes, sweet potatoes, corn and Beetroots.
Vegetables are the major source of carbohydrates.
Thus, this could be the answer.
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The rate limiting reaction of aerobic respiration involves the phosphorylation of __________ by the enzyme _______ . The rate at which this enzyme makes product is ___________when ATP levels rise because the molecule ___________binds to an _________ site on the enzyme and acts as a(n)_________ . When ATP levels fall ________ binds to ________of ____________. This interaction leads to an increase of cellular ___________ , so that this is a n example of a ___________ feedback loop.
Answer:
Explanation:
The rate limiting reaction of aerobic respiration involves the phosphorylation of fructose phosphate by the enzyme phosphofructokinase. The rate at which this enzyme makes product is [increased, decreased] when ATP levels rise because the molecule ATP binds to an allosteric site on the enzyme and acts as a direct inhibitor. When ATP levels fall AMP binds to the allosteric site of phosphofructokinase. This interaction leads to an increase of cellular ATP, so that this is an example of a negative feedback loop.
An aerobic respiration can be defined as a chemical and biological process that involves the use of oxygen in living organisms to make energy (ATP) from carbohydrates (sugars) during cellular respiration.
This ultimately implies that, an aerobic respiration can take place or occur in the presence of oxygen.
What is an enzyme?An enzyme can be defined as a biological catalyst that typically speeds up (accelerates) the rate of a chemical reaction, especially by lowering the activation energy of its chemical reactants.
Factors that affects an enzymeThere are four (4) main factors that affect the actions and the rate of an enzyme and these include the following:
The logarithmic concentration of hydrogen (pH).Temperature.Cofactors.Allosteric inhibitors.Read more on here:
(pls help giving away all my points!!!)
Write all possible genotypes for plants with the following phenotypes:
8. Terminal flowers
9. Green peas
10. White flowers
11. Smooth pods
12. Wrinkled peas
13. Constricted pods
14 Short
15. Axial flowers
16. Purple flowers
17. Round peas
18. Yellow peas
Answers are below:
8. aa
9. GG, Gg
10.pp
11. SS, Ss
12. rr
13. ii
14. tt
15. Aa, AA
16. PP, Pp
17. RR, Rr
18. gg
The process of counting a portion of a population of a species in a particular area and using that number to estimate the total population without physically interacting with the species is called __________.
A)
restoration
B)
mark/recapure
C)
bottlenecking
D)
sampling
E)
arcology
Answer:
sampling (d)
Answer:
D) sampling
Explanation:
A sample, in the context of scientific research and statistics, is a representative subset of a population
What are two similarities between physical changes and chemical changes apart from the ones in the internet.
Answer:
Explanation:
physical changes are things that you can see, like actual changes. Chemical changes are things that you cant see like gas evaporating.